遗传性胱抑素C淀粉样血管病

遗传性胱抑素 C 淀粉样血管病是一种常染色体显性、外显率高的青年成人疾病,突变型胱抑素 C 蛋白以淀粉样物沉积于脑内小动脉,导致反复脑叶出血与早逝。

本病基本局限于冰岛裔家系,在血压正常的二三十岁人群中发病,尚无获批的疾病修饰治疗,尽管大剂量 N-乙酰半胱氨酸已显示令人鼓舞的生物标志物效应。

Terminology and classification

History

Epidemiology

Pathophysiology

Clinical features

Diagnosis

Management

Research and controversies

References

  1. ^AO Snorradottir, H Hakonarson, A Palsdottir. The historical background of hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy: Genealogical, pathological, and clinical manifestations. Brain Pathol. 2025, 35, e13291. DOI: 10.1111/bpa.13291
  2. ^E Levy, et al.. Stroke in Icelandic patients with hereditary amyloid angiopathy is related to a mutation in the cystatin C gene, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases. The Journal of experimental medicine. 1989, 169, 1771-8. DOI: 10.1084/jem.169.5.1771
  3. ^E Levy, M Jaskolski, A Grubb. The role of cystatin C in cerebral amyloid angiopathy and stroke: cell biology and animal models. Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland). 2006, 16, 60-70. DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3639.2006.tb00562.x
  4. ^A Palsdottir, et al.. A drastic reduction in the life span of cystatin C L68Q carriers due to life-style changes during the last two centuries. PLoS Genet. 2008, 4, e1000099. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1000099
  5. ^AO Snorradottir, et al.. N-Acetylcysteine for Hereditary Cystatin C Amyloid Angiopathy: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2025, 82, 486-494. DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2025.0326
  6. ^AO Snorradottir, et al.. Basement membrane remodeling with fibroblast activation and cystatin C aggregation in cerebral vessels of hereditary cystatin C amyloid angiopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun. 2026, 14. DOI: 10.1186/s40478-026-02233-x
  7. ^A Palsdottir, AO Snorradottir, H Hakonarson. [Did ketogenic diet in past centuries protect against the consequence of the cystatin L68Q mutation in carriers of HCCAA?]. Laeknabladid. 2022, 108, 553-557. DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2022.12.721