Williams College

Williams College is a private liberal arts college in Williamstown, Massachusetts, established in 1793 with funds from the estate of Colonel Ephraim Williams, who was killed in the French and Indian War in 1755.威廉姆斯学院是马萨诸塞州威廉斯敦的一所私立文理学院，1793 年以埃弗雷姆·威廉姆斯上校的遗产设立，后者于 1755 年在法印战争中阵亡。

Its 450-acre campus in the Berkshires holds more than one hundred academic, athletic and residential buildings, and the college teaches undergraduates in 25 departments with a student-to-faculty ratio of 6 to 1.校园位于伯克希尔山区，占地 450 英亩，拥有 100 多座教学、体育与住宿建筑，学院在 25 个系中培养本科生，师生比为 6 比 1。

The college sits in the 851-900 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, competes as the Ephs in NCAA Division III, and is affiliated with the nearby Clark Art Institute and MASS MoCA.该学院在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 851-900 位，以「埃夫斯」之名参加 NCAA 三级联赛，并与近旁的克拉克艺术研究院和麻省当代艺术博物馆保持合作。

History

• Colonel Ephraim Williams, an officer of the Massachusetts militia and member of a landowning family, was killed at the Battle of Lake George on 8 September 1755.埃弗雷姆·威廉姆斯上校是马萨诸塞民兵军官、地产家族成员，于 1755 年 9 月 8 日在乔治湖战役中阵亡。

• His will left a bequest for a free school at West Hoosac on condition that the town be renamed Williamstown, which happened in 1765, after the family had already failed to found Queens College at Hatfield in 1762.他的遗嘱留下款项在西胡萨克兴办免费学校，条件是该镇改名为威廉斯敦，1765 年该镇照办；家族此前于 1762 年试图在哈特菲尔德创办女王学院而未果。

• The Williamstown Free School opened with fifteen students on 26 October 1791, and after the trustees petitioned the legislature to convert it into a tuition-charging college, Williams College was chartered on 22 June 1793 as the second college founded in Massachusetts.威廉斯敦免费学校于 1791 年 10 月 26 日开学，首批学生 15 人；校董会随后请愿把免费学校改为收费学院，威廉姆斯学院遂于 1793 年 6 月 22 日获得特许状，成为马萨诸塞州第二所创办的学院。

• At its founding the college practised racial segregation and refused black applicants, a policy challenged by Lucy Terry Prince, credited as the first black American poet, when her son Festus was rejected because of his race.建校之初学院实行种族隔离、拒收黑人申请者，被誉为美国第一位黑人诗人的露西·特里·普林斯在其子费斯图斯因种族被拒后对该政策提出抗争。

• Prince spoke for three hours before the board of trustees quoting scripture but failed to win her son's admission, and later scholarship questions whether the events occurred as described, since Festus may have been refused for insufficient Latin, Greek and French.普林斯曾在校董会前引经据典讲了三个小时仍未争取到儿子入学，后世研究亦质疑事件是否如记载所述，认为费斯图斯或因拉丁语、希腊语与法语不足而被拒。

• In 1806 a student prayer meeting in a maple grove drove five undergraduates to shelter in a haystack, and the fervour of that meeting gave rise to the American Foreign Mission Movement.1806 年一次枫树林中的学生祈祷会因雷雨使五名本科生躲入干草堆，聚会的热忱催生了美国海外传教运动。

• Those students went on to build the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the first American organisation to send missionaries overseas, and the Haystack Monument near Mission Park commemorates the meeting.这些学生其后建立了美国海外传教事务委员会，这是美国第一个派遣传教士出海的机构，校园传教公园旁的干草堆纪念碑纪念这次聚会。

• By 1815 Williams had only two buildings and fifty-eight students and was in financial trouble, so the board voted to move the college to Amherst, Massachusetts, a decision carried out in 1821.到 1815 年，学院仅有 2 座建筑与 58 名学生，财政陷入困境，校董会遂表决迁校至马萨诸塞阿默斯特，该决定于 1821 年执行。

• President Zephaniah Swift Moore took fifteen students with him and re-founded the college as Amherst College, while the students and professors who stayed at Williams kept the land, then regarded as nearly worthless.校长泽法尼亚·斯威夫特·摩尔带走 15 名学生并以阿默斯特学院之名重建，留在威廉姆斯的学生与教授则保住了当时被视作近乎无价值的土地。

• Moore died two years after founding Amherst and was succeeded there by Heman Humphrey, a trustee of Williams College, while Edward Dorr Griffin was credited with saving Williams during a fifteen-year presidency.摩尔在创办阿默斯特两年后去世，其继任者赫曼·汉弗莱曾任威廉姆斯学院校董；而在威廉姆斯一侧，爱德华·多尔·格里芬以 15 年校长任期挽救了学院。

• A Williams student, Gardner Cotrell Leonard of Albany, designed the gowns worn by his class at graduation in 1887 and later advised the Inter-Collegiate Commission on Academic Costume, which met at Columbia University and fixed the present system of American academic dress to erase visible differences between rich and poor students.该校学生、来自奥尔巴尼的加德纳·科特雷尔·伦纳德设计了自己与同学 1887 年毕业典礼所着的学位袍，其后又为在哥伦比亚大学开会的校际学位服委员会提供咨询，该委员会确立了现行美国学位服制度，用意之一是消除贫富学生在衣着上的明显差别。

• During the Second World War Williams was one of 131 American colleges and universities taking part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which gave students a route to a naval commission.二战期间，威廉姆斯学院是全美 131 所参与海军 V-12 大学训练计划的院校之一，该计划为学生提供了取得海军军官资格的途径。

• Women entered the college early, since Beatrice Irene Wasserscheid became the first woman awarded a Williams degree when she received a master of arts in American literature in June 1931.女性早在建校中期即进入学院：比阿特丽斯·艾琳·瓦瑟沙伊德于 1931 年 6 月获得美国文学硕士学位，成为首位获威廉姆斯学位的女性。

• In 1935 Emily Cleland became the first woman to teach at Williams after finishing her late husband's geology course, and Doris DeKeyselingk was the first woman to hold tenure, leading the Russian department from 1958.1935 年，艾米莉·克莱兰在丈夫意外去世后接完他的地质学课程，成为首位在威廉姆斯任教的女性；多丽丝·德凯泽林克则自 1958 年起主持俄语系，是首位获终身教职的女性。

• President John E. Sawyer initiated undergraduate coeducation, abolished fraternities in 1962 after a student petition and created a faculty-trustee committee in 1967 to study coordinate education.校长约翰·E·索耶推动本科男女同校：他在 1962 年学生请愿后废除兄弟会，并于 1967 年设立教师与校董联合委员会研究男女同校方案。

• Following that committee's final report the trustees voted in June 1969 to admit women undergraduates regularly from autumn 1971, and 137 women entered as first-year students that fall.依该委员会最终报告，校董会于 1969 年 6 月表决自 1971 年秋起常规招收本科女生，当年秋季即有 137 名女生入学。

• Ninety transfer and exchange students from women's colleges joined them through the Ten College Exchange Program, and the class of 1975 became the first fully co-educational class to graduate from Williams.另有 90 名来自女子学院的转学与交换生通过十校交换计划加入，1975 届成为该校首个完全男女同校的毕业班。

• Coeducation came with faculty diversification, and the affirmative action programme launched by President John Chandler in 1972 raised the share of women among full-time faculty from 4.5 per cent to 11.7 per cent by 1975.男女同校伴随师资多元化：校长约翰·钱德勒 1972 年推行的平权计划使全职教师中女性比例从 4.5% 升至 1975 年的 11.7%。

• Women also entered senior administration, as Nancy McIntire became the first female dean in February 1970 and Gail Walker Haslett, aged twenty-nine, was elected the first woman trustee in October 1971.女性亦进入高层管理：南希·麦金太尔于 1970 年 2 月成为首位女院长，29 岁的盖尔·沃克·哈斯莱特于 1971 年 10 月当选首位女校董。

• Maud Mandel began her tenure as the eighteenth president of Williams College in July 2018, the first woman to hold the office, with 45.6 per cent of full-time faculty and 51.6 per cent of undergraduates women-identifying by 2021.莫德·曼德尔于 2018 年 7 月就任威廉姆斯学院第 18 任校长，是首位出任该职的女性；到 2021 年，全职教师的 45.6%、本科生的 51.6% 为女性。

• Building shaped the modern college, from the 38 million dollar Unified Science Center of 2001 and the 60 million dollar '62 Center for Theatre and Dance of 2005 to the 44 million dollar Paresky Center of 2007.建设塑造了现代学院面貌：2001 年 3,800 万美元的统一科学中心、2005 年 6,000 万美元的 62 届戏剧舞蹈中心，以及 2007 年 4,400 万美元的帕雷斯基学生中心。

• The Stetson-Sawyer project, delayed by the 2008 financial crisis, produced Hollander Hall and Schapiro Hall in 2008 and 2009 and a new Sawyer Library completed in 2014 after the old library was razed.受 2008 年金融危机拖延的斯泰森—索耶工程于 2008 与 2009 年建成霍兰德楼与沙皮罗楼，并在拆除旧馆后于 2014 年建成新索耶图书馆。

• A capital campaign from 2003 to 2008 with a goal of 400 million dollars passed that mark in June 2007 and closed at 500.2 million dollars, funding much of the construction and endowment growth.2003 至 2008 年的筹资运动目标 4 亿美元，2007 年 6 月即达标，最终以 5.002 亿美元收官，为多数建设与捐赠基金增长提供资金。

Academics

• Williams is a four-year liberal arts college accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education, organised into the divisions of humanities, sciences and social sciences, with 26 departments and 37 majors plus twelve further areas of concentration that are not offered as majors, cognitive science among them, while the college's own summary gives 25 departments and 36 majors.威廉姆斯学院是获新英格兰高等教育委员会认证的四年制文理学院，教学分为人文、自然科学与社会科学三个学部，设 26 个系、37 个主修专业，另有 12 个不设主修学位的学术方向可修读，认知科学即为其中之一；校方概况页则给出 25 个系与 36 个主修的口径。

• Instruction is almost entirely undergraduate, with two small master's programmes in art history and development economics as the only graduate offerings.教学几乎全部面向本科生，仅设艺术史与发展经济学两个小型硕士项目作为研究生教育。

• The academic year follows a 4-1-4 schedule of two four-course semesters plus a one-course winter study term in January that lasts three weeks.学年采用 4-1-4 制，即两个四门课学期，加上 1 月为期三周、只修一门课的冬季学期。

• Based on the average of 2022 to 2025 graduates, economics was the most popular major with 114 graduates, followed by mathematics and psychology with 62 each, computer science with 59, biology with 52, English with 51, history with 50, political science with 47, art with 38 and chemistry with 30.按 2022 至 2025 届毕业生的平均人数，经济学以 114 人居首，数学与心理学各 62 人并列其后，其后依次为计算机科学 59 人、生物 52 人、英语 51 人、历史 50 人、政治学 47 人、艺术 38 人、化学 30 人。

• The comprehensive fee for 2025-26 was 90,750 dollars, comprising tuition of 72,170 dollars and 18,580 dollars for board, room and fees, with 48 per cent of students receiving need-based aid averaging 63,516 dollars.2025-26 学年综合费用为 90,750 美元，包括学费 72,170 美元与食宿杂费 18,580 美元，48% 的学生获得助学补助，人均 63,516 美元。

• In April 2022 the college moved to an all-grants system for financial aid, one of the few American institutions of higher learning to do so, and it is need-blind for domestic applicants.2022 年 4 月，学院把助学方式整体改为全额赠款制，是美国少数这样做的高校之一，并对本国申请者实行需求无关录取。

• Williams sponsors the Williams-Mystic programme at Mystic Seaport and the Williams-Exeter Programme, founded in 1985, which sends twenty-six undergraduates to Exeter College, Oxford, for their junior year.学院资助米斯蒂克海港的威廉姆斯—米斯蒂克项目，以及 1985 年创办的威廉姆斯—埃克塞特项目，每年送 26 名本科生赴牛津大学埃克塞特学院度过三年级。

• In the early 1980s the college bought houses on Banbury Road and Lathbury Road in North Oxford, today called the Ephraim Williams House, to support that Oxford connection.1980 年代初，学院买下牛津北区班伯里路与拉斯伯里路的若干房屋，即今日的埃弗雷姆·威廉姆斯宿舍，以支撑这一牛津联系。

• Tutorials modelled on Oxford and Cambridge were expanded by a faculty vote in 2001, and in 2009-10 alone 62 tutorials ran across 21 departments, each capped at ten students divided into five pairs that meet the professor weekly, one writing a 5 to 7 page paper and the other a critique response.仿照牛津与剑桥的导师小班制经 2001 年教师表决而扩展，仅 2009-10 学年就在 21 个系开设了 62 门导师课；每门课上限 10 人，分为 5 对每周分别与教师见面，一名学生写 5 至 7 页论文，另一名写评论回应。

• In a survey of alumni who had taken tutorials, more than 80 per cent rated them as the most valuable of their courses at Williams, and Stephen E. Fix was an early advocate of the expansion.在修过导师课的校友调查中，超过 80% 认为这是他们在校最有价值的课程，英语系教授斯蒂芬·E·菲克斯则是扩展该制度的最早推动者。

• The winter study term allows one course outside the standard curriculum on a pass or fail basis, from Ski Patrol and chess to accounting and jury deliberations, and it also covers public health placements in Nicaragua or Liberia, cultural immersion in Morocco and France and a three-week internship in the government of the Republic of Georgia.冬季学期允许修读一门常规课程之外的科目，按通过或不通过计分，内容从滑雪巡逻、国际象棋到会计与陪审团评议不等，还包括尼加拉瓜或利比里亚的公共卫生实习、摩洛哥与法国的文化浸入项目，以及在格鲁吉亚共和国政府的三周实习。

• Admissions are classified as most selective by U.S. News and more selective by the Carnegie Foundation, and the acceptance rate for the class of 2025 was 8 per cent.美国新闻与世界报道把其录取难度列为「最具选择性」，卡内基基金会列为「较具选择性」，2025 届录取率为 8%。

• For the class of 2028, admitted in autumn 2024, the average redesigned SAT was 1500 to 1560 and the average superscored ACT composite was 34 to 35.2024 年秋录取的 2028 届新生，其新版 SAT 平均分为 1500 至 1560，ACT 拼分平均为 34 至 35。

• Williams joins Wellesley, Wesleyan, Middlebury, Colgate, Vassar, Swarthmore and Haverford with Bryn Mawr in the Keck Northeast Astronomy Consortium, whose student research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.威廉姆斯与韦尔斯利、卫斯理、明德、科尔盖特、瓦萨、斯沃斯莫尔以及哈弗福德与布林莫尔共同组成凯克东北天文联盟，其学生研究由美国国家科学基金会资助。

Campus

• The campus lies on 450 acres at latitude 42.71202 and longitude -73.20372, in the Berkshires of rural northwestern Massachusetts, and contains more than 100 buildings.校园占地 450 英亩，坐标为北纬 42.71202、西经 73.20372，位于马萨诸塞州西北部乡村的伯克希尔山区，共有 100 多座建筑。

• Early planners rejected the traditional collegiate quadrangle and sited buildings freely among the hills, and the first quadrangle was formed by East College, South College and the Hopkins Observatory.早期规划者不取传统学院方院格局，而把建筑自由散布于丘陵之间，最早的方院由东学院、南学院与霍普金斯天文台围合而成。

• The Olmsted Brothers landscape firm was commissioned in 1902 to renovate much of the campus, including the President's House, the cemetery and South College, work completed in 1912, and it kept advising on campus design for six decades, so the present layout still reflects its intent.奥姆斯特德兄弟景观事务所于 1902 年受聘改造校园大部，包括校长住宅、墓园与南学院，工程于 1912 年完成；该事务所其后 60 年间持续为校园设计提供意见，今日场地格局仍大体体现其设计意图。

• The Hopkins Observatory, erected between 1836 and 1838, is the oldest extant astronomical observatory in the United States, holds the Mehlin Museum of Astronomy with Alvan Clark's first telescope of 1852, and its Milham Planetarium uses a Zeiss Skymaster ZKP3/B projector installed in 2005.霍普金斯天文台建于 1836 至 1838 年，是美国现存最古老的天文台，设梅林天文博物馆并藏有阿尔万·克拉克 1852 年制造的第一架望远镜，其米尔汉天文馆则使用 2005 年安装的蔡司 Skymaster ZKP3/B 投影仪。

• The Chapin Library opened on 18 June 1923 with 9,000 volumes given by Alfred Clark Chapin of the class of 1869, and has grown to more than 50,000 volumes and 100,000 other artifacts.查平图书馆于 1923 年 6 月 18 日开馆，初始 9,000 册图书由 1869 届校友阿尔弗雷德·克拉克·查平捐赠，今已增至 5 万余册图书与 10 万件其他藏品。

• Its Americana holdings include original printings of the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution and the Bill of Rights plus George Washington's copy of The Federalist, while the science collection keeps a first edition of Nicolaus Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.其美洲文献藏品包括《独立宣言》《邦联条例》《宪法》与《权利法案》的初版原件，以及乔治·华盛顿收藏的《联邦党人文集》；科学藏品则存有尼古拉·哥白尼《天体运行论》初版。

• First editions of Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, Galileo and Isaac Newton join the Copernicus volume, making the Chapin Library a teaching collection for the history of science as well as of America.第谷·布拉赫、约翰内斯·开普勒、伽利略与艾萨克·牛顿著作的初版与哥白尼著作并列，使查平图书馆既服务于科学史教学，也服务于美洲史教学。

• The Williams College Museum of Art holds more than 12,000 works, including Edward Hopper's Morning in a City, a commissioned wall painting by Sol LeWitt and Louise Bourgeois's outdoor work Eyes.威廉姆斯学院美术馆藏有 12,000 余件作品，包括爱德华·霍普的《城市之晨》、索尔·勒维特的委托壁画以及路易丝·布尔乔亚的户外作品《眼睛》。

• A new 76,800 square foot museum building designed by SO-IL, built of mass timber with an aluminium shingle roof, is scheduled to open in 2027 and admission remains free for students.由 SO-IL 设计、以工程木结构配铝瓦屋顶的新美术馆建筑面积 76,800 平方英尺，定于 2027 年开放，学生参观依然免费。

• The Hopkins gate in front of West College dormitory commemorates brothers Mark and Albert Hopkins, the former president from 1836 and the latter a professor elected in 1829, and Hopkins Hall is the administration building housing the president, dean of the faculty, registrar and provost.西学院宿舍前的霍普金斯门纪念马克与阿尔伯特·霍普金斯兄弟，前者自 1836 年起任校长，后者于 1829 年当选教授；霍普金斯楼则是行政大楼，内设校长、教务长、注册主任与院务长等办公室。

Reputation

• The QS World University Rankings 2027 place Williams College in the 851-900 band, the position for which this entry is written, in a global table dominated by research universities.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名把威廉姆斯学院列入第 851-900 位，本条目即据此档位撰写，该全球榜单以研究型大学为主体。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 do not list the college at all, an outcome recorded in the source data for this entry, and no THE position is claimed here.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名未收录该学院，此结果见本条目所据的来源数据，此处不主张任何 THE 名次。

• The college does not appear in the 2026-27 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking, which is a different table from the national liberal arts list on which it is usually reported.该学院未进入 2026-27 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名，这一榜单与通常报道该校的美国国内文理学院榜单并非同一份表。

• It is likewise absent from the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities main list of one thousand institutions, so no ARWU rank is recorded for Williams.该校同样未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名的一千所主榜，因此本条目不记其软科名次。

• In the U.S. News & World Report rankings of Best National Liberal Arts Colleges, Williams has been placed first every year since 2004 and in the top three every year since the list began in 1984, a table that excludes research universities because U.S. News ranks the two categories separately.在美国新闻与世界报道的全美最佳文理学院排名中，威廉姆斯自 2004 年起年年居首，并自 1984 年该榜创立以来每年位列前三；该榜不含研究型大学，因为美国新闻与世界报道把大学与文理学院分列两张表。

• Forbes ranked Williams the number one undergraduate institution in the United States in 2010, 2011 and 2014, the first school to take three first places, and second in 2012, 2015 and 2016.《福布斯》在 2010、2011 与 2014 年把威廉姆斯评为全美第一本科院校，使其成为首个三度夺冠的学校，并在 2012、2015 与 2016 年居第二。

• After 2017 Williams fell out of the Forbes top ten, reaching 19th in 2019, 18th in 2021 after Forbes reweighted alumni salaries and graduation debt, then 7th in 2022 and 17th in 2024.2017 年之后该校跌出《福布斯》前十，2019 年低至第 19 位，2021 年《福布斯》调整校友薪资与毕业负债权重后列第 18 位，2022 年回升至第 7 位，2024 年又降至第 17 位。

• The endowment passed two billion dollars in 2014, and the endowment per student reached 1.40 million dollars in 2020 against 151,000 dollars in 1990, one of nine institutions above two million in 2021.捐赠基金于 2014 年突破 20 亿美元，人均捐赠额从 1990 年的 15.1 万美元升至 2020 年的 140 万美元，2021 年成为九所人均超过 200 万美元的院校之一。

• Athletically the college has won the NACDA Directors' Cup 22 times in 24 years since its inception, including thirteen years in succession from 1999 to 2011, and leads Division III in athletic spending per student.体育上该校自奖项设立以来 24 年中 22 次夺得 NACDA 理事杯，其中 1999 至 2011 年曾连续 13 年获奖，其生均体育开支在三级联赛中居首。

• Recorded achievements of alumni and faculty include nine Pulitzer Prize winners, a Nobel laureate, a Fields medalist, a Lasker award recipient and sixteen billionaires, while no publication or citation count is carried in the source data.校友与教师的记录性成就包括 9 位普利策奖得主、1 位诺贝尔奖得主、1 位菲尔兹奖得主、1 位拉斯克奖得主与 16 位亿万富翁，而来源数据未载论文或被引计数。

Student life

• Each year, on one of the first three Fridays of October, the president cancels classes for Mountain Day, bells ring, the Outing Club hangs a banner from Chapin Hall and students hike to Stony Ledge for doughnuts, cider and a cappella singing, an observance first mentioned in 1827 by President Edward Dorr Griffin in his notebook.每年 10 月前三个星期五中的一天，校长宣布「登山日」全校停课，钟声响起，远足社在查平楼顶展开横幅，学生徒步登上斯托尼岭并以甜甜圈、苹果酒与无伴奏合唱庆祝；已知最早的记载出自 1827 年校长爱德华·多尔·格里芬的校务笔记。

• In 1863 Professor Albert Hopkins founded the Alpine Club of Williamstown with nine unmarried women from the town, Professor Paul Chadbourne and the Reverend Harry Hopkins, one of the first mountain clubs in America and probably the first hiking club anywhere to include women.1863 年，阿尔伯特·霍普金斯教授与威廉斯敦 9 位未婚女性、保罗·查德伯恩教授及哈里·霍普金斯牧师共同创办威廉斯敦登山俱乐部，这是美国最早的登山社团之一，也很可能是全世界第一个接纳女性的徒步组织。

• Among those male recruits were students of the college, including Samuel H. Scudder, who went on to co-found the Appalachian Mountain Club in 1876.新入会的男性多为学院学生，其中包括 1876 年参与创办阿巴拉契亚山岳俱乐部的塞缪尔·H·斯卡德。

• The Williams Record, founded in 1887, is the longest-running student newspaper, a weekly broadsheet published on Wednesdays with a circulation of 3,000 in Williamstown and more than 600 subscribers nationally, and although it went into debt in 2004 and now relies on the student activities tax, its searchable database reaches back to 1998.创办于 1887 年的《威廉姆斯纪事报》是历史最久的学生报纸，每周三出版对开周报，在威廉斯敦发行 3,000 份，另有 600 余名全国订户；该报 2004 年负债、现由学生活动费补贴，其可检索数据库回溯至 1998 年。

• The student yearbook is The Gulielmensian, Latin for Williamsian, dated to the mid-nineteenth century, and smaller publications range from The Telos and the humour magazine The Haybale to the Literary Review and Monkeys With Typewriters.学生年鉴名为 The Gulielmensian，拉丁语意为「威廉姆斯人」，历史可溯至 19 世纪中叶；小型刊物则包括 The Telos、幽默杂志 The Haybale、文学评论与 Monkeys With Typewriters。

• WCFM, a college-owned and student-run non-commercial station broadcasting at 91.9 MHz from the basement of Prospect House with 85 hours of original programming weekly, has since 1966 run an all-night eight-hour trivia contest each semester demanding 900 to 1,200 separate bits of information.WCFM 为学院所有、学生运营的非商业电台，自普罗斯佩克特楼地下室以 91.9 兆赫播出，每周自制节目 85 小时；该台自 1966 年起几乎每学期末举办通宵八小时的问答赛，需回答 900 至 1,200 个知识条目。

• The college colours are purple and gold with purple as the only official colour, said to come from ribbons bought by Jennie Jerome at an 1869 baseball game against Harvard, and the mascot is a purple cow named Ephelia chosen in an October 1952 radio contest.学院色彩为紫与金，紫色是唯一官方校色，据传源自珍妮·杰罗姆在 1869 年对哈佛的棒球赛上买来的紫色绶带；校吉祥物是一头名为埃菲利娅的紫色奶牛，由 1952 年 10 月的电台征名选出。

• The college claims the first alma mater song written by an undergraduate, The Mountains, composed by Washington Gladden of the class of 1859, and in 2016 a campus contest chose a new official song, Echo of Williams.学院称 1859 届学生华盛顿·格拉登所作的《群山》是首支由本科生创作的校歌；2016 年学校又通过全校征选确定了新校歌《威廉姆斯回声》。

• Williams contests the Little Three rivalry with Amherst College and Wesleyan University inside the New England Small College Athletic Conference, and about half of all students compete on a varsity, junior varsity or club team.威廉姆斯与阿默斯特学院、卫斯理大学在新英格兰小型学院体育联盟内争夺「小三校」荣誉，全校约一半学生参加校队、预备队或俱乐部队伍。

Notable people

• Ephraim Williams, the militia colonel killed at the Battle of Lake George in 1755, is the founder whose bequest set up the free school that became the college, and Ebenezer Fitch served as its first president while Edward Dorr Griffin is credited with saving it from collapse.1755 年在乔治湖战役中阵亡的民兵上校埃弗雷姆·威廉姆斯是创办人，其遗赠设立的免费学校后来发展为这所学院；埃比尼泽·菲奇为首任校长，而任校长 15 年的爱德华·多尔·格里芬则被认为使学院免于倒闭。

• Mark Hopkins was appointed president in 1836 and Albert Hopkins a professor in 1829, and the Hopkins gate in front of West College commemorates the two brothers.马克·霍普金斯于 1836 年获任校长，阿尔伯特·霍普金斯于 1829 年获任教授，西学院前的霍普金斯门即纪念这对兄弟。

• Zephaniah Swift Moore left with fifteen students in 1821 to found Amherst College, and John E. Sawyer led the college towards coeducation and the abolition of fraternities in 1962.泽法尼亚·斯威夫特·摩尔于 1821 年带走 15 名学生另创阿默斯特学院，约翰·E·索耶则推动学院走向男女同校并于 1962 年废除兄弟会。

• Maud Mandel became the eighteenth and first woman president in July 2018, succeeding Adam F. Falk, who took office in April 2010 as the seventeenth president.莫德·曼德尔于 2018 年 7 月出任第 18 任校长，也是首位女校长，其前任亚当·F·福尔克自 2010 年 4 月起任第 17 任校长。

• Louise Glück, who taught at Williams, won the 1993 Pulitzer Prize in poetry and the 2020 Nobel Prize in Literature, the highest literary honour linked to the college's faculty.曾在威廉姆斯任教的露易丝·格吕克获 1993 年普利策诗歌奖与 2020 年诺贝尔文学奖，是该校师资关联的最高文学荣誉。

• Elizabeth Kolbert, a staff writer at The New Yorker, won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize for general nonfiction for The Sixth Extinction, and Joanne Stubbe received the 2020 Priestley Medal in chemistry.《纽约客》专职作者伊丽莎白·科尔伯特凭《第六次大灭绝》获 2015 年普利策非虚构奖，化学家乔安妮·斯塔布则获 2020 年普里斯特利奖章。

• James MacGregor Burns, professor of political science, founded the modern field of leadership studies, and S. Lane Faison built a school of art historians whose students were called the Williams Art Mafia.政治学教授詹姆斯·麦格雷戈·伯恩斯开创了现代领导学研究，艺术史教授 S·莱恩·费森则培养出被称为「威廉姆斯艺术黑手党」的艺术史家群体。

• The physicist William Wootters proved the no-cloning theorem, the astronomer Jay Pasachoff used solar eclipse observations to study the sun, and Safa Zaki left the psychology department to become president of Bowdoin College.物理学家威廉·伍特斯证明了量子不可克隆定理，天文学家杰伊·帕萨乔夫以日食观测研究太阳，心理学家萨法·扎基则离开心理学系出任鲍登学院校长。

• Alumni include a President of the United States, three prime ministers, 71 members of Congress, 22 state governors, four cabinet secretaries, forty Rhodes Scholars and seventeen Marshall Scholarship recipients.校友中包括 1 位美国总统、3 位政府总理、71 位国会议员、22 位州长、4 位内阁部长，以及 40 位罗德学者与 17 位马歇尔奖学金得主。

• Lucy Terry Prince, the earliest known black American poet, challenged the college over the rejection of her son Festus, and Jennie Jerome, later mother of Winston Churchill, summered in Williamstown and gave the college its colour.已知最早的黑人美国诗人露西·特里·普林斯曾就其子费斯图斯被拒入学向学院抗争；后来成为温斯顿·丘吉尔之母的珍妮·杰罗姆在威廉斯敦避暑，并给学院留下了校色传说。