Weizmann Institute of Science

The Weizmann Institute of Science (Machon Weizmann LeMada) is a postgraduate university and research institute in Rehovot, Israel, founded in 1934, fourteen years before the State of Israel came into being.魏茨曼科学研究所（希伯来语 Machon Weizmann LeMada）是以色列雷霍沃特的一所研究生大学与研究机构，创办于 1934 年，比以色列建国早十四年。

Unlike other Israeli universities it offers degrees only at postgraduate level and only in the natural and exact sciences, awarding the M.Sc. and the Ph.D.与以色列其他大学不同，它只在研究生阶段授学位，且只覆盖自然科学与精确科学，颁发理学硕士与博士学位。

It placed 71st in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 and 183rd in the U.S. News global ranking for 2026-2027, but did not enter the Times Higher Education ranking for 2027 or the QS World University Rankings 2027.该所在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列第 71 名，在 2026 至 2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学排名中位列第 183 名，但未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未进入 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名。

History

• The institute was founded in 1934 by Chaim Weizmann and his first team, which included Benjamin M. Bloch, as the Daniel Sieff Research Institute.该所由哈伊姆·魏茨曼及其最初的团队于 1934 年创办，团队成员包括本杰明·布洛赫，最初名为丹尼尔·西夫研究所。
• Weizmann had invited the Nobel laureate Fritz Haber to direct the new institute, but Haber died on the way to Palestine and Weizmann took the directorship himself.魏茨曼曾邀请诺贝尔奖得主弗里茨·哈伯出任所长，但哈伯在赴巴勒斯坦途中去世，魏茨曼于是亲自担任所长。
• Before becoming the first President of Israel in February 1949, Weizmann carried out his research in organic chemistry in the institute's laboratories.在 1949 年 2 月就任以色列首任总统之前，魏茨曼一直在该所实验室从事有机化学研究。
• On 2 November 1949, in agreement with the Sieff family, the institute was renamed the Weizmann Institute of Science in his honour.1949 年 11 月 2 日，经与西夫家族商定，研究所更名为魏茨曼科学研究所，以纪念魏茨曼。
• WEIZAC, one of the world's first electronic computers, was built at the institute in 1954-1955, and the IEEE recognised it in 2006 as a milestone in the history of electrical and electronic engineering.世界上最早的电子计算机之一 WEIZAC 于 1954 至 1955 年在该所自行建造，电气电子工程师学会于 2006 年将其认定为电气与电子工程史上的里程碑。
• In 1959 the institute set up Yeda Research and Development Company, a wholly owned subsidiary that commercialises inventions made in its laboratories.1959 年，该所设立全资子公司耶达研究开发公司，负责把实验室里的发明推向市场。
• By 2013 the institute was earning between 50 and 100 million dollars a year in royalties on marketed drugs including Copaxone, Rebif and Erbitux.到 2013 年，该所每年从 Copaxone、Rebif 与 Erbitux 等已上市药物中获得的特许权收入在 5000 万至 1 亿美元之间。
• The institute and Elbit Systems have collaborated on projects that include the space telescope for Israel's Ultraviolet Transient Astronomy Satellite and research into bio-inspired materials for defence.该所与埃比特系统公司在多个项目上合作，包括为以色列紫外瞬变天文卫星研制空间望远镜，以及面向防务用途的仿生材料研究。
• On 15 June 2025 several buildings were destroyed by an Iranian missile strike, two days after Israel attacked Iranian nuclear facilities and scientists.2025 年 6 月 15 日，在以色列袭击伊朗核设施与核科学家两天之后，该所多栋建筑被伊朗导弹击毁。
• The strike hit a life-sciences building and a chemistry building still under construction, damaged dozens more, and caused no casualties because it came at night when most researchers were away.袭击直接命中一栋生命科学楼和一栋在建化学楼，另有数十栋建筑受损；由于袭击发生在夜间、多数研究人员不在场，未造成人员伤亡。
• It wiped out a cancer-research hub of international reach, including decades-old cell lines, cancer-biomarker studies and work on anti-cancer vaccination.这次袭击摧毁了一个具有国际影响力的癌症研究枢纽，其中包括保存数十年的细胞系、癌症生物标志物研究以及抗癌疫苗相关工作。
• In 1989 the first solar tower in Israel was built on campus, now known as Migdal Shemesh, and in 2006 the Sustainability and Energy Research Initiative was launched.1989 年，以色列第一座太阳能塔在该所校园内建成，今称「太阳塔」；2006 年又启动了可持续性与能源研究计划。
• That initiative grew into the Institute for Environmental Sustainability, which covers food security, climate research, biodiversity, renewable energy, marine science, environment and health, and sustainable materials.该计划后来发展为环境可持续性研究所，研究范围涵盖粮食安全、气候、生物多样性、可再生能源、海洋科学、环境与健康以及可持续材料。
• In 2021 the pre-application unit BINA was created under the vice-president for innovation and applications, Irit Sagi, to bridge campus research and the commercial work of Yeda.2021 年，该所在主管创新与应用的副校长伊里特·萨吉之下设立预研部门 BINA，以衔接校园研究与耶达的商业化工作。
• From its foundation to 2024, about 120 startup companies based on institute research were founded, and in 2022 products derived from that research generated global sales of more than 23 billion dollars.从建所到 2024 年，以该所研究成果为基础创办的初创企业约有 120 家；2022 年，源自其研究的产品全球销售额超过 230 亿美元。
• The Clore Garden of Science, opened in 1999, was the world's first completely interactive outdoor science museum and remains one of the institute's public faces.1999 年开放的克拉尔科学花园是世界上第一座完全互动式的户外科学博物馆，至今仍是该所面向公众的名片之一。
• The institute has been associated with six Nobel laureates and three Turing Award winners, a record built by a relatively small postgraduate-only institution.该所先后与六位诺贝尔奖得主和三位图灵奖得主相关联，这一纪录由一所规模不大的研究生院型机构创造。
• The Weizmann Memorial Lectures are held annually, and the Michael Sela Auditorium, opened in 1955, serves as the campus cultural centre.该所每年举办魏茨曼纪念讲座，1955 年启用的迈克尔·塞拉礼堂则是校园的文化中心。
• In 2011 The Scientist magazine rated the institute the best place to work in academia outside the United States, and in 2018 the CWTS Leiden Ranking placed it ninth in the world and first in Israel.2011 年《科学家》杂志将该所评为美国以外学术界最佳工作场所；2018 年 CWTS 莱顿排名将其列为世界第 9、以色列第 1。

Academics

• The institute awards M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in mathematics, computer science, physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology, as well as in several interdisciplinary programmes.该所授予数学、计算机科学、物理学、化学、生物化学与生物学以及若干跨学科项目的理学硕士与博士学位。
• Its research is organised into faculties of life sciences, chemistry, mathematics and computer science, and physics, plus a department of science teaching and a scientific archaeology unit.其研究按生命科学、化学、数学与计算机科学、物理四个学院组织，另设科学教育系与科学考古部门。
• The Faculty of Life Sciences contains the faculties of biology and biochemistry, each of which is divided into departments with distinct specialisms.生命科学学院下设生物学与生物化学两个学院，每个学院又按各自专长划分为若干系。
• In 2015 the institute had about 2,500 students, postdoctoral fellows, staff and faculty, and it now employs around 3,800 scientists, fellows, students and support staff.2015 年该所约有 2500 名学生、博士后、职员与教师；如今雇用的科学家、研究员、学生与辅助人员约 3800 人。
• Undergraduates and recent graduates apply to M.Sc. programmes, while holders of an M.Sc. or an MD may apply directly to Ph.D. programmes.本科生与应届毕业生申请理学硕士项目，已获理学硕士或医学博士学位者则可直接申请博士项目。
• Full fellowships are given to all students, a policy that removes tuition and living costs as barriers to doctoral study.所有学生都获得全额奖学金，这一政策使学费与生活成本不再成为攻读博士的障碍。
• The Feinberg Graduate School, housed in the School of Research Building of the 1960s, coordinates graduate teaching across the faculties and requires a research thesis in every programme.费恩伯格研究生院设在 1960 年代落成的研究学院大楼内，统一协调各学院的研究生教学，每个项目都要求完成研究论文。
• Research strengths include cancer biology, immunology, neuroscience, stem cells, plant science, mathematics, computer science, cryptography and condensed-matter physics.其研究优势包括肿瘤生物学、免疫学、神经科学、干细胞、植物科学、数学、计算机科学、密码学与凝聚态物理。
• Yeda manages the institute's intellectual property, and its royalty income has been unusually large for an institution of this size.耶达公司管理该所的知识产权，其特许权收入对这样规模的机构而言相当可观。
• Weizmann scientists discovered the structure and function of the ribosome, work that earned Ada Yonath the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.该所科学家阐明了核糖体的结构与功能，这项工作为阿达·约纳特赢得诺贝尔化学奖。
• Other medical applications include affinity chromatography, a method central to the biotechnology industry, and living polymers, a technique foundational to the polymer industry.其他医学相关成果包括生物技术产业的核心方法亲和层析，以及聚合物工业的基础技术活性聚合。
• Drugs developed from institute research include Copaxone, Rebif, Humira, Erbitux, Vectibix, Enbrel and Remicade, several of which became global best-sellers.源自该所研究的药物包括 Copaxone、Rebif、Humira、Erbitux、Vectibix、Enbrel 与 Remicade，其中多种成为全球畅销药。
• Its scientists also devised a method for non-matching bone-marrow transplantation and a non-invasive MRI procedure that distinguishes malignant from benign tumours.该所科学家还发明了非配型骨髓移植方法，以及用磁共振无创区分良性与恶性肿瘤的流程。
• In physics, work by Hector Rubinstein with Miguel Ángel Virasoro and Gabriele Veneziano in 1967 led to the Veneziano amplitude and the birth of string theory.在物理学方面，赫克托·鲁宾斯坦 1967 年与米格尔·安赫尔·维拉索罗、加布里埃莱·韦内齐亚诺合作的研究催生了韦内齐亚诺振幅，并成为弦论诞生的起点。
• Mordehai Milgrom proposed modified Newtonian dynamics, or MOND, in 1983 as the most robust alternative to dark matter, and it has explained galactic rotation curves empirically.莫德凯·米尔格罗姆 1983 年提出修正牛顿动力学（MOND），作为暗物质理论之外最有力的替代方案，并在解释星系自转曲线方面取得显著经验成功。
• In computing, WEIZAC was followed by three Golem machines, Ehud Shapiro completed the world's first biological computer in April 2004, and Israel's first quantum computer, WeizQC, was launched in 2022.在计算领域，WEIZAC 之后出现了三台「戈仑」计算机，埃胡德·夏皮罗于 2004 年 4 月建成世界首台生物计算机，以色列首台量子计算机 WeizQC 则于 2022 年问世。
• Agricultural work produced high-protein and high-yield wheat, early-ripening melons, disease-resistant cucumbers and hybrid seeds that do not transmit disease between generations.农业方面的成果包括高蛋白高产小麦、早熟甜瓜、抗病黄瓜，以及不会在代际间传播病害的杂交种子。
• In the 1980s Mordechai Avron's laboratory induced the single-celled alga Dunaliella to produce beta-carotene at high levels, and a supplement was later manufactured in Eilat with the Japanese firm Nikken Sohonsha.1980 年代，莫德凯·阿夫龙的实验室使单细胞藻类杜氏盐藻大量生产 β-胡萝卜素，其后与日本日光崇光社合作在埃拉特建厂生产营养补充剂。

Campus

• The campus covers 1,250 dunams and contains more than 100 buildings with a total floor area of about 155,000 square metres, together with some 100 residential units for scientists.校园占地 1250 杜纳姆，拥有 100 多栋建筑、总建筑面积约 15.5 万平方米，以及约 100 套科学家住宅。
• About 120 research students live in the institute's student dormitories, among them the Charles Clore Student Dormitory of 1963, which carries a relief by Dani Karavan.约 120 名研究生住在该所学生宿舍，其中包括 1963 年建成、饰有达尼·卡拉万浮雕的查尔斯·克洛尔学生宿舍。
• The Ziv Research Institute of 1934, designed by Benjamin Chaikin, was the foundation of the campus and carries trilingual Hebrew, Arabic and English inscriptions plus a logo by Erich Mendelsohn.1934 年由本杰明·柴金设计的西夫研究所是校园的起点，建筑上刻有希伯来文、阿拉伯文与英文三种文字的铭文，并配有埃里希·门德尔松设计的标志。
• Weizmann's original laboratory is preserved on the second floor of the Ziv building, and the 1936 Weizmann Estate, a Mendelsohn villa in the International Style, holds the couple's mausoleum, gardens and archive.魏茨曼当年的实验室仍保留在西夫楼二层；1936 年建成的魏茨曼宅邸是门德尔松设计的国际风格别墅，内有夫妇二人的陵墓、花园与档案馆。
• The Koffler Accelerator Building of 1975 is an iconic structure for the nuclear physics department, and the 52-metre solar tower of the Canada Centre was repurposed in 2014 for personalised medicine.1975 年落成的科弗勒加速器大楼是核物理系的标志性建筑；加拿大中心那座 52 米高的太阳塔于 2014 年改作个体化医疗用途。
• The campus holds about 24 designated heritage buildings, including the 1949 Yaakov Ziskind Building, the Middle East's first air-conditioned building, where WEIZAC was installed.校园内有约 24 栋被列为遗产的建筑，其中包括 1949 年建成、曾安装 WEIZAC 的雅各布·齐斯金德楼——中东第一座装有空调的建筑。
• About 6,800 trees of more than 100 species grow on campus, which doubles as a public green space and includes a Japanese garden of some 6,500 square metres and a cactus garden opened in 2019.校园里生长着 100 多个物种、约 6800 棵树，同时充当公共绿地；园内有约 6500 平方米的日本花园和 2019 年开放的仙人掌花园。
• The acclimatisation garden began as an early twentieth-century agricultural experiment station that introduced mango, avocado and loquat to Israel.引种园最初是 20 世纪初的农业试验站，把芒果、牛油果与枇杷引入以色列。
• Six gates are in active use, among them the main gate on Herzl Street, the historic Bloch Gate of 1932 and a train gate connecting pedestrians to Rehovot railway station.校园有六个在用的出入口，包括赫茨尔街正门、1932 年的历史性布洛赫门，以及通往雷霍沃特火车站的步行门。
• The Levinson Visitors Center, opened in 2011, offers a free interactive tour and an eight-minute film and received about 20,000 visitors in 2022.2011 年启用的莱文森访客中心提供免费互动导览与八分钟影片，2022 年接待约两万名访客。
• The Clore Garden of Science reopened in 2024 with nine thematic areas covering motion, light, code, matter, life, earth, plants, brain and water.克拉尔科学花园于 2024 年重新开放，设有运动、光、代码、物质、生命、地球、植物、大脑与水九个主题区。
• The Weizmann House, built in 1936 as the presidential residence, is now a heritage centre honouring Weizmann's legacy.1936 年作为总统官邸建造的魏茨曼故居，如今是纪念魏茨曼遗产的文化中心。
• The Davidson Institute's headquarters stands near the Davidson Gate, beside the Schwartz/Reisman campus on the institute's edge.戴维森研究所的总部位于戴维森门附近，紧邻研究所边缘的施瓦茨/赖斯曼园区。

Reputation

• The Weizmann Institute placed 71st in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 and 183rd in the U.S. News global ranking for 2026-2027.魏茨曼科学研究所在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列第 71 名，在 2026 至 2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学排名中位列第 183 名。
• It did not enter the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, and it did not enter the QS World University Rankings 2027 either.该所未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，也未进入 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名。
• The Nature Index ranked it second in the world for research quality in 2019, a measure based on the share of high-quality papers in the natural sciences.2019 年《自然》指数按自然科学高质量论文份额衡量，将其研究质量列为世界第二。
• The CWTS Leiden Ranking placed it ninth in the world and first in Israel in 2018, based on the proportion of its 2012-2015 papers among the most cited in their fields.2018 年 CWTS 莱顿排名依据 2012 至 2015 年论文进入各领域前 10% 高被引的比例，将其列为世界第 9、以色列第 1。
• A European Research Council report in 2020 placed it seventh for its success rate in obtaining research grants.欧洲研究理事会 2020 年的一份报告按科研经费申请成功率将其列为第 7。
• U-Multirank placed it among the world's top 25 research institutions in both top-cited publications and patents awarded in 2019.在 2019 年 U-Multirank 评估中，该所在高被引论文与获批专利两项均进入世界前 25 名研究机构。
• The institute has been associated with six Nobel laureates, among them Ada Yonath, Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel, and with three Turing Award winners.该所先后与六位诺贝尔奖得主相关联，其中包括阿达·约纳特、迈克尔·莱维特与阿里耶·瓦谢尔，另有三位图灵奖得主。
• Its royalty income and startup record give it a commercial profile unusual among postgraduate-only research institutes.其特许权收入与创业纪录，使其在研究生院型研究机构中拥有不同寻常的商业影响力。
• The Nobel Foundation's statutes require the assembly to keep its deliberations confidential for at least fifty years, one reason the private body was created.诺贝尔基金会章程要求大会对其评议至少保密五十年，这也是设立这一私人机构的原因之一。

Student life

• The student body is entirely postgraduate, and every student receives a full fellowship covering tuition and living costs.该校学生全部为研究生，每位学生都获得覆盖学费与生活费用的全额奖学金。
• About 120 research students live in campus dormitories, and around 100 residential units house visiting scientists and their families.约 120 名研究生住在校园宿舍，另有约 100 套住宅供访问科学家及其家属居住。
• Students and staff eat, meet and hold events at the Michael Sela Auditorium and the David Lopatie Conference Center, a 1958 building renovated in 2011.师生在迈克尔·塞拉礼堂与大卫·洛帕蒂会议中心用餐、聚会和举办活动；后者建于 1958 年，2011 年翻新。
• The campus doubles as a public green space with 6,800 trees, and the Clore Garden of Science and the Levinson Visitors Center keep it open to the surrounding town.校园同时是拥有 6800 棵树的公共绿地，克拉尔科学花园与莱文森访客中心让校园向周边市民开放。
• The institute runs science clubs, camps and competitions for young people, and the Bessie F. Lawrence International Summer Science Institute brings high-school graduates from abroad for four weeks.该所为青少年开设科学社团、夏令营与竞赛，贝茜·劳伦斯国际暑期科学学校则把各国高中毕业生请来度过四周。
• A train gate links the campus to Rehovot railway station, placing Tel Aviv and the rest of the coastal plain within commuting distance.校园的火车门直通雷霍沃特火车站，使特拉维夫与整个沿海平原都处于通勤范围之内。
• Because teaching and research are conducted in English at doctoral level, the institute attracts international students who never need Hebrew for their laboratory work.由于博士阶段的教学与研究以英语进行，该所吸引了许多无需掌握希伯来语即可开展实验室工作的国际学生。
• The American Committee for the Weizmann Institute of Science is the institute's United States support organisation and appears among its official external links.美国魏茨曼科学研究所委员会是该所在美国的支持机构，列于其官方外部链接之中。

Notable people

• Chaim Weizmann, the institute's founder, was a chemist and Zionist leader who became the first President of Israel in 1949.该所创办人哈伊姆·魏茨曼是化学家与犹太复国主义领袖，1949 年成为以色列首任总统。
• Ada Yonath won the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the structure and function of the ribosome and was the first Israeli woman to win a Nobel Prize.阿达·约纳特因核糖体结构与功能研究获得 2009 年诺贝尔化学奖，是首位获得诺贝尔奖的以色列女性。
• Michael Levitt, a biophysicist trained at the institute, shared the 2013 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for multiscale models of complex chemical systems.在该所接受训练的生物物理学家迈克尔·莱维特因复杂化学系统的多尺度模型分享 2013 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Arieh Warshel, another 2013 chemistry laureate, was born in British Mandate Palestine and worked on the same multiscale modelling problem.另一位 2013 年化学奖得主阿里耶·瓦谢尔出生于英国托管时期的巴勒斯坦，研究的是同一多尺度建模问题。
• Shafi Goldwasser, a computer scientist and professor at the institute, shared the 2012 Turing Award for work in cryptography.该所计算机科学教授莎菲·戈德瓦塞尔因密码学领域的贡献分享 2012 年图灵奖。
• Amir Pnueli won the 1996 Turing Award for introducing temporal logic into computer science and for work on program and system verification.阿米尔·伯努利因把时序逻辑引入计算机科学以及对程序与系统验证的贡献获得 1996 年图灵奖。
• Adi Shamir, co-inventor of the RSA algorithm, shared the 2002 Turing Award and is among the institute's best-known computer scientists.阿迪·萨莫尔是 RSA 算法的共同发明人，分享 2002 年图灵奖，也是该所最知名的计算机科学家之一。
• Mordehai Milgrom, an astrophysicist at the institute, proposed modified Newtonian dynamics in 1983 as an alternative to dark matter.该所天体物理学家莫德凯·米尔格罗姆 1983 年提出修正牛顿动力学，作为暗物质理论的替代解释。
• Ehud Shapiro's team completed the world's first biological computer in April 2004, a system built from DNA and enzymes rather than silicon.埃胡德·夏皮罗的团队于 2004 年 4 月建成世界首台生物计算机，其构件是 DNA 与酶而非硅芯片。
• Ruth Arnon, an immunologist, chaired one of the first technology incubators set up in the nearby Kiryat Weizmann Science Park.免疫学家鲁思·阿农主持了附近魏茨曼城科学园最早设立的技术孵化器之一。
• Hector R. Rubinstein and his collaborators Miguel Ángel Virasoro and Gabriele Veneziano did the 1967 work at the institute that gave rise to the Veneziano amplitude and string theory.赫克托·鲁宾斯坦与合作伙伴米格尔·安赫尔·维拉索罗、加布里埃莱·韦内齐亚诺 1967 年在该所完成的研究，催生了韦内齐亚诺振幅与弦论。