Washington University in St. Louis

Washington University in St. Louis, commonly shortened to WashU, is a private research university in the St. Louis metropolitan area of Missouri, United States, founded in 1853 by a group of civic leaders and named for George Washington, the first president of the United States.圣路易斯华盛顿大学（Washington University in St. Louis，简称 WashU）是一所位于美国密苏里州圣路易斯大都会区的私立研究型大学，由一批地方领袖于 1853 年创办，并以美国首任总统乔治·华盛顿命名。

It comprises ten schools across its Danforth and Medical campuses, which together span 355 acres, and offers more than 150 undergraduate, 80 master's and professional, and 50 doctoral degree programmes, enrolling 16,399 students from all fifty states and more than 110 countries while placing joint 162nd in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校在丹佛斯校区与医学院校区共有十个学院，两处校区合计占地 355 英亩，开设超过 150 个本科项目、80 个硕士与专业项目以及 50 个博士项目，在校学生 16399 人，来自全美五十个州及 110 多个国家，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 162。

History

• Washington University was founded in 1853 by seventeen St. Louis business, religious and political leaders who were concerned by the lack of institutions of higher learning in the Midwest, and the effort was led by State Senator Wayman Crow and the Unitarian minister William Greenleaf Eliot.圣路易斯华盛顿大学由十七位圣路易斯的商界、宗教界与政界领袖于 1853 年创办，他们担忧中西部缺乏高等教育机构；这场创办运动由州参议员韦曼·克罗与一位论派牧师威廉·格林利夫·艾略特主导。

• Crow secured the university charter, Eliot was named president of the board of trustees with Crow as vice president, and Joseph Gibson Hoyt became the university's inaugural chancellor, yet unlike most American institutions it initially lacked an endowment and had no backing from a religious body, a wealthy patron or the government.克罗取得了办学特许状，艾略特出任董事会主席、克罗任副主席，约瑟夫·吉布森·霍伊特则成为首任校长；然而与大多数美国高校不同，该校起初既无捐赠基金，也没有宗教团体、富商或政府的支持。

• The institution was originally called Eliot Seminary, a name Eliot himself opposed because he favoured a nonsectarian identity, so a subcommittee of Eliot and Samuel Treat proposed Washington Institute in honour of George Washington, since the charter had been granted on his birthday of 22 February, and in 1856 the board amended the name to Washington University.学校最初名为艾略特神学院，但艾略特本人反对这一名称，因为他希望机构保持非宗派色彩；于是由艾略特与塞缪尔·特里特组成的小组提议，以乔治·华盛顿之名称华盛顿学院，理由是特许状恰好在其生日 2 月 22 日颁下；1856 年董事会又将校名改为华盛顿大学。

• Chartered as a university, it functioned at first mainly as a night school without buildings, faculty or established course offerings, and classes began on 22 October 1854 in the Benton Schoolhouse, a facility lent by the public school board, which also paid utility costs and installed gas lighting for evening instruction.虽然获得的是大学特许状，学校起初主要作为夜校运作，既无校舍，也无师资与既定课程；1854 年 10 月 22 日，课程在公立学校董事会出借的本顿校舍开课，董事会还承担了水电费用，并为夜间教学安装了煤气灯。

• Tuition was offered free of charge, and by the end of the first year 270 students had enrolled with ages ranging from eight to forty-six, taught by four teachers hired from the public school system, two of whom later became the university's first full-time faculty members.当时学费全免；第一年结束时已招收 270 名学生，年龄从八岁到四十六岁不等，由四位从公立学校系统聘来的教师任教，其中两人后来成为该校最早的全职教员。

• In 1856 the university completed the first building on a three-acre site that it had bought on Seventeenth Street and Washington Avenue, and it remained located in downtown St. Louis for its first fifty years.1856 年，学校在十七街与华盛顿大道购置的三英亩地块上建成了第一座建筑；此后五十年间，它一直位于圣路易斯市区。

• In 1856 Eliot and other trustees established a preparatory academic department for boys, admitting boys aged ten and older who passed an examination in reading, writing, geography and basic arithmetic, while a preparatory department for girls followed in 1859 as the Mary Institute, named in honour of Eliot's daughter.1856 年，艾略特与其他董事设立了男生预科部，招收十岁以上、通过阅读、写作、地理与基础算术考试的学生；1859 年又设立女生预科部，并以艾略特之女之名命名为玛丽学院。

• The academic department for boys was renamed Smith Academy in 1879, and the university's law school, originally known as the St. Louis Law School, was the first undergraduate division to admit women when Lemma Barkeloo and Phoebe Couzins enrolled in 1869, with Barkeloo passing the Missouri bar examination in her first year while Couzins earned her LL.B. in 1871.男生部于 1879 年更名为史密斯学院；该校法学院原称圣路易斯法学院，是学校第一个招收女性的本科单位，勒玛·巴克利与菲比·库金斯于 1869 年入学，其中巴克利在第一年便通过密苏里州律师资格考试，库金斯则于 1871 年取得法学学士学位。

• In 1871 Eliot was named the third chancellor of Washington University, and in 1879 the St. Louis Manual Training School of Washington University became the first manual training school established in the United States, with students' time divided equally between manual training and schoolwork.1871 年，艾略特出任华盛顿大学第三任校长；1879 年，圣路易斯手工训练学校成为美国第一所手工训练学校，学生的时间在手工训练与课业之间平均分配。

• Facing declining enrolment in the 1870s, the university sought to strengthen ties with local preparatory schools, so that by 1880 graduates from select high schools could enter by certificate rather than examination, and the college introduced the Bachelor of Philosophy degree as a more flexible alternative to the traditional Bachelor of Arts, placing greater emphasis on science, history and English, with lectures and written examinations replacing traditional oral recitations and a senior thesis becoming a requirement for graduation.面对 1870 年代入学人数下滑，学校着力加强与本地预科学校的联系，到 1880 年部分中学的毕业生可以凭证书而非考试入学；学院还推出了哲学学士学位，作为传统文学学士之外更灵活的选择，更侧重科学、历史与英语，讲座与笔试取代了传统的口头背诵，完成毕业论文也成为取得该学位的必要条件。

• Admitting women had a greater impact on enrolment than any academic reforms, for after a unanimous faculty vote the first woman enrolled in the undergraduate college in 1870, and by the 1890s women were the main drivers of the college's enrolment growth.招收女性对入学人数的影响超过任何一项教学改革：在全体教员一致表决通过后，首位女性于 1870 年进入本科学院，到 1890 年代，女性已成为该学院招生增长的主要动力。

• In 1890 the St. Louis Medical College became the Medical Department of Washington University and the Missouri Dental College affiliated in 1892, while in 1899 the Missouri Medical College, established in 1840 as the oldest medical school west of the Mississippi, merged with the St. Louis Medical College.1890 年，圣路易斯医学院成为华盛顿大学的医学部；1892 年，密苏里牙科学院也随之附属；1899 年，1840 年创办、为密西西比河以西最古老医学院的密苏里医学院与圣路易斯医学院合并。

• That merger doubled medical school enrolment, gave greater access to hospital beds for clinical work and expanded facilities, including the conversion of a Missouri Medical College building into Washington University's first hospital, completing the foundation of the university's health programmes.这次合并使医学院的招生规模翻倍，为临床教学提供了更多病床，也扩充了设施，其中包括将密苏里医学院的一栋建筑改作华盛顿大学的首家医院，从而奠定了该校医学学科的基础。

• In 1896 Holmes Smith, professor of drawing and history of art, designed what became the basis of the university seal, combining elements of the Washington family coat of arms, an open book representing a university and the symbol of Louis IX, after whom the city is named, and the university adopted the motto Per veritatem vis in 1915.1896 年，绘画与艺术史教授霍姆斯·史密斯设计了后来成为校徽基础的图案，其中融合了华盛顿家族纹章的元素、象征大学的打开的书本，以及城市得名于其名的路易九世的标志；1915 年，学校采用了校训（Per veritatem vis）。

• The decision to buy land for a new campus was driven by the rapid growth of St. Louis, and the tract was acquired for 185,000 dollars with financing arranged through a loan and the sale of university stock, after which the university enlisted Olmsted, Olmsted and Eliot to design the campus and announced in 1897 that the undergraduate department would move to a site northwest of Forest Park.购置新校区用地的决定源于圣路易斯的迅速扩张；学校以 18.5 万美元购得地块，资金来自一笔贷款与出售大学股票，随后委托奥姆斯特德兄弟与艾略特事务所设计校区，并于 1897 年在校历中宣布本科部将迁往森林公园西北侧的新址。

• The cornerstone of Busch Hall, the first building on the new Hilltop Campus, was laid on 20 October 1900, and construction of Brookings Hall, Ridgley and Cupples began shortly afterwards, but the university postponed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and the 1904 Summer Olympics.新山顶校区第一座建筑布施楼于 1900 年 10 月 20 日奠基，布鲁金斯楼、里奇利楼与卡普尔斯楼也相继动工，但学校推迟到 1905 年才迁入这些建筑，以便为 1904 年世界博览会与 1904 年夏季奥运会腾出场地。

• Robert S. Brookings, president of the board, leased the first five university buildings to the Fair, and the 750,000 dollars generated by the lease was used to fund the construction of four additional buildings, which were also used by the Fair.董事会主席罗伯特·S·布鲁金斯将首批五座校舍租给博览会使用，由此获得的 75 万美元则用于兴建另外四座建筑，这几座建筑同样供博览会使用。

• In 1922 Arthur Holly Compton, head of the Department of Physics, conducted a series of experiments in the basement of Eads Hall that demonstrated the particle concept of electromagnetic radiation, and the discovery, known as the Compton Effect, earned him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927, while the university became a member of the Association of American Universities in 1923.1922 年，物理系主任阿瑟·霍利·康普顿在伊兹楼地下室进行了一系列实验，证明了电磁辐射的粒子性；这项被称为康普顿效应的发现使他于 1927 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。1923 年，学校加入美国大学协会。

• In 1945 four African-American students were denied admission to the university's summer school, prompting the NAACP and the city of St. Louis to file a lawsuit challenging the institution's tax-exempt status, and although the action did not succeed it led the board to address segregation publicly for the first time.1945 年，四名非裔美国学生被拒绝进入学校暑期班，促使全国有色人种协进会与圣路易斯市提起诉讼，质疑该校的免税资格；诉讼虽未胜诉，却促使董事会首次公开面对种族隔离问题。

• Compton returned in 1946 as the ninth chancellor after twenty-two years at the University of Chicago, re-established the football team and emphasised a strictly amateur athletic policy with no athletic scholarships, while enrolment grew from 9,159 in spring 1946 to 13,204 by autumn 1947 as veterans used the G.I. Bill.康普顿在芝加哥大学工作二十二年后，于 1946 年回校出任第九任校长，重建了橄榄球队，并强调不设体育奖学金的严格业余体育政策；随着退伍军人依据退伍军人法案入学，学生人数从 1946 年春的 9159 人增至 1947 年秋的 13204 人。

• The School of Social Work began admitting African-American students in December 1947 and the graduate school followed a few months later, in 1949 students formed the Student Committee for the Admission of Negroes whose poll found 77 per cent support for ending segregation, and racial tests in undergraduate admissions were abolished on 9 May 1952 after the dentistry school had acted in early 1950.社会工作学院于 1947 年 12 月开始录取非裔美国学生，研究生院也在数月后跟进；1949 年学生成立促进黑人入学学生委员会，其民调显示 77% 的人支持结束种族隔离；在牙科学院于 1950 年初率先行动之后，本科招生的种族测试于 1952 年 5 月 9 日废止。

• On 5 March 1958 the board approved plans for four residence halls and a food service building on the South 40, a 40-acre site south of the Hilltop Campus, and the extra on-campus housing helped turn a predominantly commuter school into one attracting applicants from across the nation, more than two-thirds of whom came from outside the St. Louis area by 1964.1958 年 3 月 5 日，董事会批准在“南四十”兴建四座宿舍楼与一座餐饮楼的方案，该地块位于山顶校区以南、面积四十英亩；新增的校内住宿使这所原本以走读生为主的大学开始吸引来自全国各地的申请者，到 1964 年，新生中超过三分之二来自圣路易斯以外地区。

• In the late 1960s Black students established the Association of Black Collegians, which after the arrest of MBA student Elbert Walton in December 1968 organised a sit-in at the campus police office that later expanded to the basement of Brookings Hall, and in May 1970 students marched on the AFROTC building in protest at the United States invasion of Cambodia and the Kent State shooting, damaging the building and setting it on fire in the early hours of 5 May.1960 年代末，黑人学生成立了黑人学生联合会；1968 年 12 月工商管理硕士生埃尔伯特·沃尔顿被捕后，该组织在校警办公室发起静坐，随后把行动扩展到布鲁金斯楼地下室。1970 年 5 月，学生为抗议美国入侵柬埔寨与肯特州枪击事件，向空军后备军官训练团大楼游行，破坏该楼并于 5 月 5 日凌晨纵火。

• In 1971 the board of trustees appointed William Henry Danforth as chancellor, and according to The New York Times the university was transformed during his tenure from a commuter school into a world-renowned institution, with 70 new endowed professorships, dozens of buildings, a 1.72 billion dollar endowment and three times as many student scholarships, and in 1976 the board added the words in St. Louis to the university's name to distinguish it in the national media.1971 年，董事会任命威廉·亨利·丹佛斯为校长；据《纽约时报》报道，在他的任期内，学校从一所走读制院校转变为世界知名学府，其间设立了 70 个新的捐赠教席，兴建数十座建筑，积累 17.2 亿美元捐赠基金，并将学生奖学金数量增至原来的三倍。1976 年，董事会又在校名中加入“in St. Louis”字样，以便在全国媒体中更易区分。

• In 1995 Mark S. Wrighton, formerly provost at MIT, was elected the university's fourteenth chancellor, and during his tenure undergraduate applications more than doubled while the university added more than 190 endowed professorships and completed more than 30 new buildings.1995 年，曾任麻省理工学院教务长的马克·S·赖顿当选该校第十四任校长；在他任职期间，本科申请人数增长逾一倍，学校新增 190 多个捐赠教席，并建成 30 多座新建筑。

• In 2005 the university established the McDonnell International Scholars Academy, an international network of research universities with an initial ten million dollar gift from John F. McDonnell, beginning with fifteen partner institutions in Asia and growing to more than thirty worldwide, and in 2006 the Hilltop Campus was renamed the Danforth Campus in honour of William H. Danforth.2005 年，学校以约翰·F·麦克唐奈捐赠的一千万美元创立麦克唐奈国际学者学院，这是一个旨在通过学术合作应对疾病与贫困等全球挑战的研究型大学国际网络，最初有 15 所亚洲伙伴院校，后来发展到全球 30 多所；2006 年，山顶校区为纪念威廉·H·丹佛斯而更名为丹佛斯校区。

• In 2014 a study ranked Washington University first in the country for income inequality, prompting it to commit to raising the share of Pell-eligible students from 6 per cent to 13 per cent by 2020, a goal it met three years early and which reached 19.9 per cent by 2022, and in June 2019 Andrew D. Martin became the fifteenth chancellor and announced the WashU Pledge of free tuition.2014 年，一项研究将该校列为全美收入不平等程度最高的大学，学校因此承诺在 2020 年前把符合佩尔助学金资格的学生比例从 6% 提高到 13%，这一目标提前三年达成，到 2022 年达到 19.9%；2019 年 6 月，安德鲁·D·马丁出任第十五任校长，并宣布为符合条件的学生免除学费的“WashU 承诺”。

• In 2021 the university launched a one billion dollar plan called Gateway to Success, with 800 million dollars for need-blind admission and for covering all demonstrated financial need and another 200 million set aside for graduate and professional students, and in 2024 it bought the 16-acre campus of neighbouring Fontbonne University for 39 million dollars.2021 年，学校启动名为“成功之门”的十亿美元计划，其中 8 亿美元用于不考虑经济状况的录取政策并覆盖全部经核定的经济需求，另有 2 亿美元用于资助研究生与专业学位学生；2024 年，学校又以 3900 万美元购得邻近丰邦大学的十六英亩校区。

Academics

• Washington University is classified as an R1 university, denoting very high research spending and doctorate production on the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education.华盛顿大学在卡内基高等教育机构分类中被列为 R1 类大学，即“研究支出与博士培养极高”的院校。

• It comprises ten schools and offers more than 150 undergraduate, 80 master's and professional, and 50 doctoral degree programmes across a wide range of disciplines.学校设有十个学院，在广泛的学科领域开设超过 150 个本科项目、80 个硕士与专业项目以及 50 个博士项目。

• The College of Arts and Sciences is home to the university's largest undergraduate programme and offers courses across more than fifty disciplines, including anthropology, chemistry, English, the performing arts and women, gender and sexuality studies.文理学院拥有该校规模最大的本科项目，提供涵盖五十多个学科的课程，包括人类学、化学、英语、表演艺术以及妇女、性别与性向研究。

• According to the National Science Foundation's Higher Education Research and Development Survey, the university ranked 27th among United States institutions in total research and development expenditure in fiscal year 2023, when it reported 1.169 billion dollars of spending, an increase of 11.7 per cent over the previous year.据美国国家科学基金会的高等教育研发调查，该校在 2023 财年的研发支出总额在美国各机构中排名第 27，当年报告支出 11.69 亿美元，比上年增长 11.7%。

• In 2022 the university developed a nasal vaccine against COVID-19, which was licensed for use in India to the vaccine maker Bharat Biotech and its technology licensed to the biotechnology company Ocugen, and Bharat named its version iNCOVACC, while in 2025 the vaccine was approved for clinical trials in the United States.2022 年，学校研制出针对新冠疫情的鼻喷疫苗，授权印度疫苗企业巴拉特生物技术公司在印度使用，技术则授权给生物技术公司 Ocugen，巴拉特将其版本命名为 iNCOVACC；2025 年，该疫苗获准在美国开展临床试验。

• In 2019 the School of Medicine took over the distributed computing project Folding@Home from Stanford University, and in 2020 the project reached a speed of 1.5 exaFLOPS, seven times faster than the world's top supercomputer and more powerful than the top hundred supercomputers combined, fuelling research into Alzheimer's disease, cancer, COVID-19 and Ebola.2019 年，医学院从斯坦福大学接手分布式计算项目 Folding@Home；2020 年，该项目算力达到 1.5 百亿亿次浮点运算每秒，比当时全球最快的超级计算机快七倍，也强于全球百强超级计算机之和，为阿尔茨海默病、癌症、新冠与埃博拉等疾病的研究提供了支撑。

• The university hosts NASA's Planetary Data System Geosciences Node, supporting unmanned Mars missions, and Professor Raymond Arvidson served as deputy principal investigator for the Mars Exploration Rovers and as a co-investigator on the robotic arm of the Phoenix lander.学校承办美国航空航天局行星数据系统的地球科学节点，为无人火星任务提供支持；雷蒙德·阿维德森教授曾担任火星探测车项目的副首席研究员，并参与凤凰号着陆器机械臂的研究。

• Beyond the sciences, students have digitised the works of the sixteenth-century poet Edmund Spenser in a project led by the English professor Joseph Loewenstein and supported by a 150,000 dollar grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities, producing a comprehensive print edition and a digital archive.在理工科之外，学生在英语教授约瑟夫·洛温斯坦带领下，将十六世纪诗人埃德蒙·斯宾塞的著作数字化；该项目获美国国家人文基金会 15 万美元资助，将同时推出完整的纸质版与数字档案。

• For the class of 2028, entering in autumn 2024, the university received more than 32,750 applications and admitted 12 per cent of applicants, and of those admitted who reported their rank, 86 per cent were in the top 10 per cent of their high-school class.2024 年秋季入学的 2028 届共收到 32750 多份申请，录取率为 12%；在报告了班级排名的被录取者中，86% 位于其高中班级的前 10%。

• Twenty-five per cent of enrolled students were eligible for Pell Grants and 18 per cent were first-generation college students, and the middle 50 per cent of admitted students who submitted standardised test scores scored between 33 and 35 on the ACT and between 1500 and 1570 on the SAT, against national averages of about 19.4 and 1050.已注册学生中有 25% 符合佩尔助学金资格，18% 为家中第一代大学生；提交标准化考试成绩的被录取者中，中间 50% 的 ACT 分数在 33 至 35 分之间，SAT 在 1500 至 1570 分之间，而全国平均分约为 19.4 分与 1050 分。

• The student-faculty ratio is 7 to 1, one of the lowest among major American research universities.学校师生比为 7 比 1，在美国主要研究型大学中属于最低之列。

• The Washington University library system comprises nine libraries, with Olin Library serving as the main library, and according to the American Library Association it is the 44th largest library in the United States by volume count, holding more than 5.3 million volumes as a member of the Association of Research Libraries.华盛顿大学图书馆系统由九座图书馆组成，其中奥林图书馆为主馆；据美国图书馆协会统计，该系统按藏书量计为全美第 44 大图书馆，馆藏超过 530 万册，也是研究图书馆协会的成员。

• The Department of Special Collections encompasses four units, Rare Books, Manuscripts, University Archives and the Film and Media Archive, and holds a copy of the Southwick Broadside, one of the few surviving printed broadsides of the Declaration of Independence, donated to the university in 2015.特藏部下设善本、手稿、大学档案与影视媒体档案四个单位，收藏有《独立宣言》少数存世印刷单幅版之一的索斯威克单幅版，该件于 2015 年捐赠给学校。

• The School of Law, established in 1867, is the oldest continuously operating law school west of the Mississippi River and has occupied Anheuser-Busch Hall since 1997, offering joint degrees with the business, arts and sciences, medicine and social work schools.法学院创办于 1867 年，是密西西比河以西持续办学历史最悠久的法学院，自 1997 年起以安海斯-布希楼为院址，并与商学院、文理研究生院、医学院及社会工作学院开设联合学位项目。

• The School of Medicine was established in 1891, and in 2024 it ranked second in the United States for funding from the National Institutes of Health.医学院创办于 1891 年，2024 年在美国国立卫生研究院资助金额排名中位列全美第二。

• The Olin Business School was originally established as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917 and was named after John M. Olin in the 1980s, and in 2002 it established an Executive MBA programme in Shanghai in cooperation with Fudan University.奥林商学院最初于 1917 年作为商业与金融学院创办，1980 年代以约翰·M·奥林之名命名；2002 年，学院与复旦大学合作在上海开设高级工商管理硕士项目。

• The George Warren Brown School of Social Work was founded in 1925, endowed by Bettie Bofinger Brown and named for her husband, the St. Louis philanthropist and Brown Shoe Company co-founder George Warren Brown, and in 1948 it became the first school at Washington University to admit black students.乔治·沃伦·布朗社会工作学院创办于 1925 年，由贝蒂·博芬格·布朗捐资设立，并以其丈夫、圣路易斯慈善家兼布朗鞋业公司共同创办人乔治·沃伦·布朗命名；1948 年，它成为该校第一所招收黑人学生的学院。

• The Sam Fox School of Design and Visual Arts was founded in 2006 by merging the academic units of architecture and art with the university's museum, and it comprises the College of Architecture, the Graduate School of Architecture and Urban Design, the College of Art, the Graduate School of Art and the Mildred Lane Kemper Art Museum, the first art museum west of the Mississippi.萨姆·福克斯设计与视觉艺术学院于 2006 年由建筑与艺术两大学术单位同学校博物馆合并而成，下设建筑学院、建筑与城市设计研究生院、艺术学院、艺术研究生院以及米尔德里德·莱恩·肯珀艺术博物馆，后者是密西西比河以西的第一座艺术博物馆。

• Steinberg Hall, completed in 1960, was the first commissioned project by the Pritzker Prize-winning architect Fumihiko Maki, and the James McKelvey School of Engineering was named in January 2019 after the trustee and alumnus Jim McKelvey Jr., co-founder of Square.1960 年落成的斯坦伯格楼是普利兹克奖得主建筑师槙文彦的首个受托项目；詹姆斯·麦凯尔维工程学院则于 2019 年 1 月以董事、校友兼 Square 共同创办人吉姆·麦凯尔维之名命名。

• The School of Continuing and Professional Studies was established in June 2023 when the university renamed University College, focusing on adult learners in fast-growing fields such as data analytics, education, healthcare and management, and the Bursky School of Public Health was established in 2025 and renamed in 2026 after a gift from the Bursky Family Foundation.继续与专业研究学院于 2023 年 6 月由大学学院更名设立，面向成人学习者，聚焦数据分析、教育、医疗与管理等快速增长的领域；伯斯基公共卫生学院则于 2025 年设立，并在 2026 年因伯斯基家族基金会的捐赠而更名。

Campus

• The university's 169-acre Danforth Campus is bordered by the Forest Park section of St. Louis and by Clayton and University City, Missouri, and a large portion of it is recognised as the Washington University Hilltop Campus Historic District, a National Historic Landmark.学校 169 英亩的丹佛斯校区与圣路易斯的森林公园一带以及密苏里州克莱顿市和大学城相邻，其大部分区域被认定为华盛顿大学山顶校区历史街区，属国家历史地标。

• In 1899 the university held a national design competition for the new campus, which was won by the Philadelphia firm Cope and Stewardson with a Collegiate Gothic quadrangle design inspired by the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.1899 年，学校为新校区举办全国设计竞赛，费城的科普与斯图尔森事务所凭借受牛津与剑桥大学启发设计的学院哥特式方庭方案胜出。

• The Washington University Medical Center covers 186 acres spread over eighteen city blocks along the eastern edge of Forest Park in the Central West End neighbourhood, and it is home to the School of Medicine together with Barnes-Jewish Hospital and St. Louis Children's Hospital.华盛顿大学医学中心占地 186 英亩，横跨十八个街区，位于中央西区一带森林公园的东缘，是医学院以及巴恩斯-犹太医院与圣路易斯儿童医院的所在地。

• The School of Medicine formalised partnerships with Barnes Hospital in 1911 and St. Louis Children's Hospital in 1912, requiring hospital staffs to consist entirely of university faculty in return for access to patients for clinical instruction and research, and the new medical complex on Kingshighway Boulevard was completed in 1915, three years before Aphrodite Jannopoulo, Carol Skinner Cole and Faye Cashatt became the first women to enrol as medical students in 1918.医学院于 1911 年与巴恩斯医院、1912 年与圣路易斯儿童医院正式建立伙伴关系，要求医院人员全部由学校教员构成，以换取临床教学与研究所需的病患资源；位于金斯海威大道的新医学建筑群于 1915 年落成，三年后的 1918 年，阿芙罗狄蒂·扬诺普洛、卡罗尔·斯金纳·科尔与费伊·卡沙特成为首批入学的女医学生。

• In 2019 a 7.6 million dollar grant from the National Cancer Institute established the Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control to address disparities in cancer care in parts of Missouri and Illinois, and in 2022 the Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences received a five-year 61 million dollar grant from the National Institutes of Health to advance precision medicine and health equity.2019 年，美国国家癌症研究所的 760 万美元拨款促成了癌症控制实施科学中心的建立，以应对密苏里与伊利诺伊部分地区的癌症诊疗差距；2022 年，临床与转化科学研究所又获得国立卫生研究院为期五年、总额 6100 万美元的资助，用于推进精准医疗与健康公平。

• Comprising ten residential colleges and 23 residence halls, the South 40 serves as the primary housing area for first- and second-year undergraduates and includes the largest dining hall on campus, a gift shop, a convenience store, the Student Health Center, student businesses, meeting rooms and sports fields.“南四十”由十个住宿学院与 23 座宿舍楼组成，是一、二年级本科生的主要住宿区，内设校内最大的食堂、礼品店、便利店、学生健康中心、学生商铺、会议室与运动场。

• The Village is a residential area on the Danforth Campus for undergraduates in their third year or beyond, containing two suite-style buildings, Lopata House and Village House, each with multiple four-person single suites and shared bathrooms.位于丹佛斯校区的“村落”是供三年级及以上本科生居住的区域，包含洛帕塔楼与村落楼两座套间式建筑，各有多个四人单间套间，并共用卫生间。

• Francis Olympic Field, formerly known as Francis Field, is home to the university's football, soccer and track-and-field teams, served as a venue for the 1904 Summer Olympics, the first Games held outside Europe, and was renamed in 2019 to commemorate that heritage, with the Olympic flame having passed through the field three times.弗朗西斯奥林匹克体育场旧称弗朗西斯球场，是学校橄榄球、足球与田径队的主场，曾作为 1904 年夏季奥运会的比赛场地，那是首届在欧洲之外举办的奥运会；2019 年，体育场为纪念这段奥运渊源而更名，奥运圣火曾三次经过此地。

• Since 2006 the university has offered free MetroLink passes to all full-time students, benefits-eligible faculty and staff and full-time employees of qualified service providers, and the light rail system's Red and Blue Lines both run along Forest Park Parkway on the Danforth Campus.自 2006 年起，学校向全体全日制学生、符合福利资格的教职员以及合格服务商的正式员工提供免费城铁通票；城铁的蓝线与红线均沿丹佛斯校区的森林公园园道运行。

• Besides the Danforth and Medical campuses, the university operates a West Campus used for archives and conferences, a North Campus for administrative functions and the Tyson Research Center on the Meramec River west of St. Louis, and in 2024 it agreed to merge with the University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis.除丹佛斯校区与医学院校区外，学校还拥有用于档案存放与会议的西校区、承担后勤管理职能的北校区，以及位于圣路易斯以西梅拉梅克河畔的泰森研究中心；2024 年，学校又同意与圣路易斯的健康科学与药学大学合并。

Reputation

• Washington University in St. Louis places joint 162nd in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, continuing its standing among the leading private research universities of the United States.圣路易斯华盛顿大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 162，延续了其在美国顶尖私立研究型大学中的地位。

• It is ranked 16th in the nation in the 2027 U.S. News and World Report National Universities ranking and 26th by The Wall Street Journal in their rankings.在《美国新闻与世界报道》2027 年美国全国大学排名中，该校位列全美第 16；在《华尔街日报》的排名中则位列第 26。

• In 2025 the university was ranked 26th in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities.2025 年，该校在世界大学学术排名中位列全球第 26。

• In the U.S. News and World Report graduate rankings its programmes placed highly in audiology, at 8th, biological sciences at 15th, business at 24th, chemistry at 42nd, computer science at 45th, earth sciences at 33rd, economics at 29th, engineering at 43rd and English at 26th.在《美国新闻与世界报道》的研究生学科排名中，该校的听力学列第 8、生物科学列第 15、商科列第 24、化学列第 42、计算机科学列第 45、地球科学列第 33、经济学列第 29、工程列第 43、英语列第 26。

• It also placed 36th in history, 14th in law, 43rd in mathematics, 5th in medicine, 3rd in occupational therapy, 1st in physical therapy, 13th in political science, 8th in psychology, 22nd in public health, 2nd in social work and 31st in statistics, although in 2023 the School of Medicine said it would no longer submit data to the magazine's survey of best medical schools.该校历史学列第 36、法学列第 14、数学列第 43、医学列第 5、职业治疗列第 3、物理治疗列第 1、政治学列第 13、心理学列第 8、公共卫生列第 22、社会工作列第 2、统计学列第 31；不过医学院在 2023 年表示将不再向该杂志的最佳医学院调查提交数据。

• In its 2025 edition the Princeton Review ranked Washington University first for top Midwest entrepreneurship among undergraduates and second for top entrepreneurship at institutions with fewer than ten thousand students.在 2025 年版的《普林斯顿评论》中，该校在本科“中西部创业教育”一项排名第一，在“学生不足万人的院校创业教育”一项排名第二。

• In 2025 the university was included in Forbes' list of the New Ivies, twenty great colleges that employers love, which highlights institutions known for academic rigour and for graduates sought after by employers.2025 年，该校入选《福布斯》的“新常春藤——雇主青睐的二十所优秀院校”榜单，该榜单关注以学术严谨、毕业生受雇主争抢而著称的高校。

• The university was also included in the 2016 edition of The Hidden Ivies, a guidebook by the educational consultants Howard and Matthew Greene, among institutions offering an Ivy League-level education in academic rigour, intellectual atmosphere and campus experience.该校还被教育顾问霍华德·格林与马修·格林所著指南《隐形的常春藤》2016 年版收录，被列为在学术严谨度、学术氛围与校园体验方面提供常春藤水准教育的院校之一。

• Washington University has been the venue for four presidential debates and one vice-presidential debate, in 1992, 2000, 2004, 2016 and the Biden and Palin vice-presidential debate of 2008, and it is among the leading producers of Fulbright, Truman and Rhodes scholars.该校曾四次承办总统辩论、一次承办副总统辩论，分别在 1992 年、2000 年、2004 年、2016 年以及 2008 年拜登与佩林的副总统辩论；它也是富布赖特、杜鲁门与罗德奖学金得主的主要培养院校之一。

Student life

• As of 2025 the university has 15,952 enrolled students from all fifty states and 105 countries, comprising 8,164 undergraduates and 6,922 graduate students.截至 2025 年，学校共有 15952 名在校学生，来自全美五十个州与 105 个国家，其中本科生 8164 人、研究生 6922 人。

• The student body is 44 per cent white, 20 per cent Asian, 12 per cent Hispanic, 9 per cent black, 8 per cent of other backgrounds and 7 per cent foreign nationals, and 16 per cent of students receive income-based federal Pell grants.学生构成为白人 44%、亚裔 20%、西语裔 12%、黑人 9%、其他背景 8%，外国籍学生占 7%；另有 16% 的学生获得基于收入的联邦佩尔助学金。

• Of the 1,848 first-year students enrolled in autumn 2024, 37 per cent were white, 26 per cent Asian, 12 per cent Hispanic, 8 per cent black and 11 per cent international, and 53 per cent were female and 47 per cent male.2024 年秋季入学的 1848 名新生中，白人占 37%、亚裔占 26%、西语裔占 12%、黑人占 8%、国际学生占 11%；女生占 53%，男生占 47%。

• The university has more than 400 undergraduate student organisations, most of them funded by the Washington University Student Union, which has an annual budget of 4.6 million dollars and sponsors major campus programmes including the WILD concert.学校拥有 400 多个本科生学生组织，其中大多数由华盛顿大学学生会提供经费；学生会年度预算为 460 万美元，并主办包括 WILD 音乐会在内的多项大型校园活动。

• It also distributes free copies of The New York Times, USA Today and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch through the Collegiate Readership Program, and recognises 26 chapters of fraternities and sororities, although in 2020 nearly half of their members cancelled their memberships after student-led criticism of racism and sexism.学生会还通过校园读报计划免费发放《纽约时报》《今日美国》与《圣路易斯邮报》；学校承认 26 个兄弟会与姐妹会分会，但在 2020 年，因学生批评这类传统上以白人为主的团体助长种族主义与性别歧视，近半数成员退出了会籍。

• The university is home to seven student-run media organisations, namely The Hatchet, the Law Review, the Washington University Political Review, Student Life, Spires, KWUR 90.3FM and WUTV, of which Student Life was founded in January 1878 and is published twice weekly by an independent nonprofit.学校有七家由学生运营的媒体，分别是《斧头》《法学评论》《华盛顿大学政治评论》《学生生活》《尖塔》、KWUR 90.3 调频电台与 WUTV 电视台；其中《学生生活》创刊于 1878 年 1 月，由一家独立的非营利机构每周出版两期。

• KWUR serves as the official student radio station and in 2003 won the critic's choice award for the best radio station in St. Louis from the Riverfront Times, while WUTV, founded in 1976, is the university's closed-circuit television channel.KWUR 是官方的学生广播电台，2003 年获《河滨时报》评论家选择奖之圣路易斯最佳电台；创办于 1976 年的 WUTV 则是学校的闭路电视频道。

• Every semester the university hosts the WILD concert in the quadrangle, and other traditions include the student-run Thurtene Carnival, Vertigo dance parties, the Residential Community Olympics and the Underpass panels used to advertise events, while a campus superstition holds that stepping on the university seal at Brookings Hall prevents graduating on time.学校每学期都在方庭举办 WILD 音乐会，其他传统还包括学生自办的瑟坦狂欢节、眩晕舞会、住宿社区奥林匹克以及用于活动宣传的地下通道展板；校园里还有一种迷信说法，认为踩到布鲁金斯楼前的校徽会导致无法按时毕业。

Notable people

• Washington University has more than 166,000 living alumni and 22,530 employees, of whom 4,551 are faculty, and as of 2026 it has been affiliated with 26 Nobel laureates, 12 Pulitzer Prize winners, four United States Poets Laureate and six MacArthur Fellows.华盛顿大学拥有超过 16.6 万名在世校友与 22530 名雇员，其中教员 4551 人；截至 2026 年，与其相关的诺贝尔奖得主有 26 位、普利策奖得主 12 位、美国桂冠诗人 4 位、麦克阿瑟奖得主 6 位。

• Its alumni include 17 university presidents, 21 members of the United States Congress, 30 Rhodes Scholars, 20 Truman Scholars, seven Marshall Scholars and two Churchill Scholars, and among its early presidents was Wu Chia-wei, founding president of the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology.其校友中有 17 位大学校长、21 位美国国会议员、30 位罗德学者、20 位杜鲁门学者、7 位马歇尔学者与 2 位丘吉尔学者；曾任香港科技大学创校校长的吴家玮也是该校校友。

• In the sciences its alumni include the Nobel laureates Earl Sutherland, Edwin Krebs and Daniel Nathans, all in physiology or medicine, as well as J. C. R. Licklider, a pioneer in the development of computing and the Internet, Julian W. Hill, the discoverer of nylon, Clyde Cowan, co-discoverer of the neutrino, and the NASA astronaut Bob Behnken.在科学界，其校友包括诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主厄尔·萨瑟兰、埃德温·克雷布斯与丹尼尔·内森斯，以及计算与互联网发展的先驱 J·C·R·利克莱德、尼龙的发现者朱利安·希尔、中微子的共同发现者克莱德·科温和美国航空航天局宇航员鲍勃·本肯。

• In politics and public service its alumni include William H. Webster, the only person to serve as director of both the FBI and the CIA, Rochelle Walensky, a former director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Clark Clifford, an adviser to four presidents, and Phoebe Couzins, the first female United States Marshal.在政治与公共服务领域，其校友包括唯一一位先后执掌联邦调查局与中央情报局的威廉·H·韦伯斯特、美国疾病控制与预防中心前主任罗谢尔·瓦伦斯基、曾为四位总统担任顾问的克拉克·克利福德，以及美国首位女性联邦执法官菲比·库金斯。

• Other political alumni are Jim Talent and Alan J. Dixon, both former United States senators, Alexander M. Dockery, a governor of Missouri, Siniša Mali, finance minister of Serbia, and Jonathan Mann, the first director of the World Health Organization's global programme on AIDS.其他政界校友还包括两位前美国参议员吉姆·塔伦特与艾伦·J·迪克森、密苏里州州长亚历山大·M·多克里、塞尔维亚财政部长西尼沙·马利，以及世界卫生组织全球艾滋病规划首任主任乔纳森·曼。

• In business and entrepreneurship its alumni include Avram Glazer, executive co-chairman of Manchester United, Jim McKelvey, co-founder of Square, Arnold W. Donald, president and chief executive of Carnival Corporation, and Charles Nagel, founder of the United States Chamber of Commerce.在商业与创业领域，其校友包括曼联执行联席主席阿夫拉姆·格雷泽、Square 共同创办人吉姆·麦凯尔维、嘉年华集团总裁兼首席执行官阿诺德·W·唐纳德，以及美国商会的创办人查尔斯·内格尔。

• In the arts, media and performing arts its alumni include Harold Ramis, Peter Sarsgaard, Robert Guillaume, Dave Garroway and Steven Sater, while its literary figures include the novelists Fannie Hurst, Dan Simmons and V. E. Schwab, and the architects George Hellmuth, Gyo Obata and George Kassabaum founded the firm HOK.在艺术、媒体与表演领域，其校友包括哈罗德·雷米斯、彼得·萨斯加德、罗伯特·纪尧姆、戴夫·加罗韦与史蒂文·萨特；文学界校友包括小说家范妮·赫斯特、丹·西蒙斯与 V·E·舒瓦布；建筑师乔治·赫尔穆特、小野京与乔治·卡萨鲍姆则共同创办了 HOK 事务所。

• Notable individuals who attended but did not graduate include the playwright Tennessee Williams, who left after a prize dispute, the actor Robert Culp and Marilyn vos Savant, an IQ record holder, while notable faculty have included Gerty Cori, the first woman Nobel laureate in physiology or medicine, Rita Levi-Montalcini, Peter Mutharika, president of Malawi, and Joseph W. Kennedy, co-discoverer of plutonium.曾就读但未毕业的知名人士包括因奖项争议而离校的剧作家田纳西·威廉斯、演员罗伯特·卡普以及智商纪录保持者玛丽莲·沃斯·莎凡特；知名教师则包括首位诺贝尔生理学或医学奖女性得主格蒂·科里、丽塔·列维-蒙塔尔奇尼、马拉维总统彼得·穆塔里卡，以及钚的共同发现者约瑟夫·W·肯尼迪。