Washington State University

Washington State University (WSU), informally known as Wazzu, is a public land-grant research university in Pullman, Washington, United States, and one of the oldest land-grant universities in the American West.华盛顿州立大学（Washington State University，简称 WSU，俗称 Wazzu）是美国华盛顿州普尔曼的一所公立land-grant研究型大学，也是美国西部历史最悠久的赠地大学之一。

Founded in 1890 and opened to its first 59 students in 1892, WSU is the second-largest institution of higher education in Washington state and is classified among universities with the highest research activity.该校于 1890 年创建、1892 年迎来首批 59 名学生，是华盛顿州第二大的高等教育机构，并被列为科研活动最强的大学之列。

The university enrols about 25,000 students across six campuses, is led by President Elizabeth R. Cantwell, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 510th in the world.该校在六个校区共有约 25,000 名学生，现任校长为 Elizabeth R. Cantwell；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 510 位。

History

• In 1862 President Abraham Lincoln signed the Morrill Act, creating land-grant colleges to teach agriculture and the mechanic arts, and the Hatch Act of 1887 later funded agricultural experiment stations at such colleges.1862 年，林肯总统签署《莫里尔法案》，设立以农业与机械技艺为教学内容的赠地学院；1887 年的《哈奇法案》随后为这类学院的农业实验站提供联邦经费。
• Shortly after Washington attained statehood on 11 November 1889, the state legislature passed House Bill 90 on 28 March 1890, creating the Agricultural College, Experiment Station and School of Science of the State of Washington, which Governor Elisha P. Ferry signed into law.华盛顿于 1889 年 11 月 11 日建州后不久，州议会于 1890 年 3 月 28 日通过第 90 号众议院法案，创办华盛顿州农业学院、实验站与理学院，并由州长 Elisha P. Ferry 签署成为法律。
• Legislators specified that the new college had to be sited in the south-east corner of the state, and after a bidding contest among towns including Yakima, the campus opened in Pullman on 13 January 1892 with 59 students.议员们规定这所新学院必须设在该州东南角；在包括雅基马在内的各城镇竞逐之后，校园于 1892 年 1 月 13 日在普尔曼开办，首批学生 59 人。
• The first courses of study were agriculture, engineering and domestic science, taught by five faculty members to a student body largely drawn from the surrounding community, with the first graduating class of seven men and women in 1897.最初开设的三大学科为农业、工程与家政学，由五名教师教授，学生大多来自周边社区；1897 年产生首个毕业班，共七名男女毕业生。
• George W. Lilley served as the school's first president from 1891 to 1892, and was simultaneously director of the Washington Agricultural Experiment Station.George W. Lilley 于 1891 至 1892 年任该校首任校长，同时兼任华盛顿农业实验站站长。
• Enoch Albert Bryan, appointed on 22 July 1893 and serving for 22 years, was the first influential president of WSU and is regarded by many as the true founder of the university.Enoch Albert Bryan 于 1893 年 7 月 22 日受命任职、在任 22 年，是华盛顿州立大学首位有影响力的校长，被许多人视为这所大学的真正奠基人。
• Under Bryan the curriculum combined practical and liberal arts subjects, with chemistry, mathematics, history, English literature and two foreign languages required for graduation regardless of major.在 Bryan 主政下，课程兼具实用与博雅内容，化学、数学、历史、英国文学与两门外语无论何种专业均为毕业必修。
• Bryan gained approval for a School of Music in 1905, and during his tenure a committee approved changing the school colours from blue and pink to the present crimson and gray.Bryan 于 1905 年为音乐学院争取到批准；任内委员会还批准将校色由蓝与粉改为沿用至今的深红与灰色。
• After early attempts in 1899, 1901 and 1903 were defeated by opposition wary of a second state university, the institution changed its name in 1905 to the State College of Washington, informally Washington State College.在 1899、1901 与 1903 年的多次尝试因恐出现第二所州立大学而受挫之后，该校于 1905 年更名为华盛顿州立学院，俗称 Washington State College。
• Ernest O. Holland became president in 1915, the same year his former Columbia University room-mate Henry Suzzallo became president of the University of Washington, and the two institutions feuded over curriculum and state appropriations until Suzzallo left office in 1926.Ernest O. Holland 于 1915 年出任校长，同年他在哥伦比亚大学的旧日室友 Henry Suzzallo 出任华盛顿大学校长，两校在课程设置与州拨款上争执不断，直至 1926 年 Suzzallo 去职。
• Budgetary woes during the Great Depression caused enrolment, faculty and salaries to slump, and enrolment did not regain pre-Depression levels until 1936, with salaries recovering only in 1937.大萧条期间的预算困境使入学人数、教师与薪金一并下滑，直到 1936 年入学人数才恢复到萧条前水平，薪金则到 1937 年才回升。
• During the Second World War the War Department contracted the college to house and train the Army Signal Corps, and up to 1,900 military personnel were accommodated in vacated dormitories and fraternities.二战期间，陆军部委托该学院安置并训练陆军通信兵，最多时有 1,900 名军人住在腾空的宿舍与兄弟会房屋中。
• In 1944 the campus creamery introduced Cougar Gold, a sharp white cheddar developed by the dairy bacteriologist Dr. N.S. Golding, whose name it carries.1944 年，校园乳品厂推出 Cougar Gold 白色浓味切达奶酪，这款奶酪由乳品细菌学家 N.S. Golding 博士研发，并以他的姓氏命名。
• After the war and the passing of the G.I. Bill the college was inundated with returning servicemen, and in 1947 President Wilson Compton decided against relocating the college to Spokane as impractical.战后《退伍军人法案》出台，大量退伍军人涌入校园；1947 年校长 Wilson Compton 认定将学院迁往斯波坎并不实际，遂放弃该设想。
• On 4 March 1959 Governor Albert Rosellini signed a bill changing the name to Washington State University, effective 1 September 1959.1959 年 3 月 4 日，州长 Albert Rosellini 签署法案将其更名为华盛顿州立大学，自 1959 年 9 月 1 日起生效。
• The university joined the Athletic Association of Western Universities in 1962, alongside the University of Washington and four California universities.该校于 1962 年加入西部大学体育协会，成员还有华盛顿大学与四所加州大学。
• To strengthen graduate programmes and research, a low-grade nuclear reactor funded by Atomic Energy Commission grants was built and new doctoral programmes were introduced.为加强研究生教育与科研，学校靠原子能委员会的拨款建成一座低功率核反应堆，并增设了新的博士项目。
• By the 1970s WSU's enrolment quadrupled from its 1940s level to 14,000 students, and President Glenn Terrell increased funding for undergraduate and graduate education amid the recession.至 1970 年代，该校入学人数较 1940 年代翻了两番，达到 14,000 人；校长 Glenn Terrell 在经济衰退中增加了本科与研究生教育的经费。
• From 1985 President Samuel H. Smith oversaw a period of growth, raising about 760 million dollars and securing branch campuses in Spokane, the Tri-Cities and Vancouver in 1989.自 1985 年起，校长 Samuel H. Smith 引领了一段成长期，筹措约 7.6 亿美元，并于 1989 年取得斯波坎、三城与温哥华的三个分校。
• President Elson Floyd, in office for eight years from 2006, raised enrolment by 17 per cent, tripled research grants to 600 million dollars a year and campaigned for the public medical school that now bears his name, created in 2015.自 2006 年起在任八年的校长 Elson Floyd 使入学人数增长 17%、年度科研经费增至三倍达 6 亿美元，并促成于 2015 年创建的公立医学院，该学院如今以他的名字命名。
• WSU launched its Internet-based Global Campus in 2012, added a sixth campus at Everett in 2015, and the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine achieved full accreditation in June 2021.该校于 2012 年推出基于互联网的全球校区，2015 年增设埃弗里特第六校区，Elson S. Floyd 医学院则于 2021 年 6 月获完全认证。

Academics

• The university offers bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in 200 fields of study through 65 departments, schools and programmes organised into ten academic colleges.该校通过 65 个系、学院与项目在 200 个学科领域授予学士、硕士与博士学位，这些单位分属十个学术学院。
• Its ten colleges are the College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences, the College of Arts and Sciences, the Carson College of Business, the Edward R. Murrow College of Communication and the College of Education.其十个学院为农业、人类与自然资源科学学院，文理学院，Carson 商学院，Edward R. Murrow 传播学院与教育学院。
• The remaining colleges are the Voiland College of Engineering and Architecture, the Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, the College of Nursing, the College of Pharmacy and the College of Veterinary Medicine.其余学院为 Voiland 工程与建筑学院，Elson S. Floyd 医学院，护理学院，药学院与兽医学院。
• WSU also maintains an all-university Honors College, a graduate school, an online global campus and the Intensive American Language Center for non-native speakers.该校另设全校性的荣誉学院、研究生院、在线全球校区以及面向非母语者的强化美语中心。
• More than 200 fields of study are available, including 98 majors and 86 minors, and the university confers nearly 5,900 bachelor's, master's, professional and doctoral degrees in a typical year.该校开设 200 多个学科领域，含 98 个专业与 86 个辅修，通常每年授予近 5,900 个学士、硕士、专业与博士学位。
• The university employs over 1,400 instructional faculty members and more than 2,261 faculty overall, governed by a faculty senate drawn from all five campuses.该校拥有 1,400 余名教学教师、全体教师逾 2,261 人，由来自全部五个校区的教师评议会管理。
• WSU is classified as an R1 doctoral university with very high research spending and doctorate production.该校被列为科研支出与博士培养均极高的 R1 类博士型大学。
• Admissions are described as less selective, with an acceptance rate of 86 per cent reported for the 2022-2023 rankings.其招生被评为「较不严格」，2022 至 2023 年排名所载录取率为 86%。
• For 2024-2025 the middle 50 per cent of enrolled students scored between 1040 and 1350 on the SAT, with a 50th percentile of 1190.2024 至 2025 学年，入读学生中间 50% 的 SAT 总分介于 1040 至 1350，第 50 百分位为 1190。
• The university's research spending reached 360 million dollars in 2018, ranking it 71st in the United States according to the National Science Foundation.据美国国家科学基金会统计，该校 2018 年科研支出达 3.6 亿美元，在全美位列第 71。
• Research is rooted in agriculture: the university's wheat breeding programme serves the Washington wheat industry, and its food and agriculture research supports a 29 billion dollar state food industry.其科研根植于农业：该校的小麦育种项目服务华盛顿小麦产业，其食品与农业研究支撑着该州 290 亿美元的食品产业。
• The WSU Creamery produces the award-winning Cougar Gold cheese, and WSU fruit breeders developed the Rainier cherry in 1952 and the Cosmic Crisp apple in 2010.华盛顿州立大学乳品厂生产屡获殊荣的 Cougar Gold 奶酪；其果树育种者于 1952 年培育出雷尼尔樱桃、2010 年培育出 Cosmic Crisp 苹果。
• WSU operates one of the few remaining nuclear research reactors in the country, a one-megawatt TRIGA conversion reactor built in 1961.该校运营着全美为数不多的核研究反应堆之一，这是一座 1961 年建造的 1 兆瓦 TRIGA 转换反应堆。
• In 2001 WSU professor M. Grant Norton and University of Idaho professor David McIlroy became the first scientists to create nanosprings.2001 年，华盛顿州立大学教授 M. Grant Norton 与爱达荷大学教授 David McIlroy 成为最早制造出纳米弹簧的科学家。
• The WSU Libraries hold 2,266,616 print volumes and participate in the Orbis Cascade Alliance and the Greater Western Library Alliance.华盛顿州立大学图书馆藏有 2,266,616 册纸质文献，并加入 Orbis Cascade 联盟与西部大图书馆联盟。
• WSU Extension maintains offices in each of Washington's 39 counties, and in 1973 founded the Master Gardener programme that became a national model.华盛顿州立大学推广服务处在华盛顿州全部 39 个县设有办公室，并于 1973 年创办「园艺大师」项目，此项目后来成为全国典范。
• The Washington State University Press publishes an average of eight titles a year focusing on the history and environment of the American West and Northwest.华盛顿州立大学出版社每年平均出版八种著作，聚焦美国西部及西北地区的历史与环境。

Campus

• The flagship campus in Pullman covers 620 acres in the Palouse region of rural eastern Washington, perched on College Hill and overlooking downtown Pullman.普尔曼的旗舰校区占地 620 英亩，位于华盛顿州东部乡村的帕卢斯地区，坐落在学院山上，俯瞰普尔曼市区。
• The campus lies about seven miles west of the Idaho border and Moscow, home of the University of Idaho, and the two communities are linked by the Bill Chipman Palouse Trail.校园位于爱达荷州边界及爱达荷大学所在地莫斯科以西约七英里，两地由 Bill Chipman 帕卢斯步道相连。
• The university also operates campuses at Spokane, the Tri-Cities and Vancouver, all founded in 1989, a Global Campus created in 2012 and a sixth campus at Everett opened in 2015.该校另设有斯波坎、三城与温哥华三个校区，均创办于 1989 年；2012 年创建全球校区，2015 年开设埃弗里特第六校区。
• The oldest surviving campus buildings include Thompson Hall and Stevens Hall of 1895 and Bryan Hall of 1909, with Thompson and Stevens Halls listed on the National Register of Historic Places.校园现存最古老的建筑包括 1895 年的 Thompson Hall 与 Stevens Hall、1909 年的 Bryan Hall，其中汤普森楼与史蒂文斯楼列入国家史迹名录。
• Martin Stadium, named after Governor Clarence D. Martin, stands near the geographic centre of the campus and opened in 1972, replacing grandstands destroyed by fire in 1970.以州长 Clarence D. Martin 命名的马丁体育场位于校园地理中心附近，于 1972 年启用，取代 1970 年火灾中损毁的看台。
• The Jordan Schnitzer Museum of Art opened in its crimson-hued building in spring 2018, and the 160,000-square-foot Student Recreation Center opened in 2001.乔丹·施尼策艺术博物馆于 2018 年春在深红色外立面的新楼中开馆；16 万平方英尺的学生康乐中心则于 2001 年启用。
• WSU is a residential campus, and its residence halls range from the small Stevens Hall, housing about 70 residents, to the roughly 1,200-place Stephenson Complex.华盛顿州立大学是一所住宿制校园，其宿舍从仅容约 70 人的史蒂文斯楼，到可住约 1,200 人的 Stephenson 建筑群不等。
• A 7,305-yard championship golf course, Palouse Ridge, opened on 29 August 2008 at a cost of 12.3 million dollars.一座全长 7,305 码的锦标赛高尔夫球场 Palouse Ridge 于 2008 年 8 月 29 日启用，造价 1,230 万美元。
• The campus sits at about 46.73 degrees north and 117.18 degrees west, in the Palouse hills about 2,500 feet above sea level.校园位于北纬约 46.73 度、西经约 117.18 度，地处海拔约 2,500 英尺的帕卢斯丘陵。

Reputation

• Washington State University is placed 510th in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2027.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，华盛顿州立大学位列世界第 510 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places the university in the 451-500 band.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列于第 451 至 500 区间。
• In the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 it is placed 425th in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名中，该校位列世界第 425 位。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places it in the 401-500 band.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将该校列于第 401 至 500 区间。
• In the 2025 U.S. News & World Report national rankings, WSU was tied for 189th among national universities and tied for 103rd among top public schools.在 2025 年《美国新闻与世界报道》全国排名中，该校并列全美综合性大学第 189、顶尖公立大学并列第 103。
• In these domestic rankings the university was also tied for 79th among undergraduate engineering programmes whose highest degree is a doctorate, and its College of Veterinary Medicine was tied for 15th in 2023.在这些国内排名中，其最高学位为博士的本科工程项目并列第 79；其兽医学院于 2023 年并列第 15。
• The university spent 360 million dollars on research and development in 2018, ranking 71st nationally by National Science Foundation data.该校 2018 年研发支出为 3.6 亿美元，按国家科学基金会的数据位列全美第 71。
• Its veterinary college, nuclear reactor and food science programmes give WSU distinctive strengths among American land-grant universities.其兽医学院、核反应堆与食品科学项目，使该校在美国各赠地大学中具备独树一帜的优势。
• Among WSU alumni, faculty and affiliates are a Nobel laureate in chemistry, a legendary broadcast journalist and a co-founder of Microsoft.该校校友、教师及相关人士中包括一位诺贝尔化学奖得主、一位传奇广播记者与一位微软联合创始人。
• The university's athletic programme, long a member of the Pac-12 Conference, competes in NCAA Division I and has won national championships in men's basketball in 1917 and indoor track and field in 1977.该校体育项目长期属太平洋十二校联盟，参加美国大学体育协会一级联赛，并曾于 1917 年赢得男子篮球、1977 年赢得室内田径全国冠军。

Student life

• Washington State University does not have a formal motto, and its identity is expressed through its land-grant mission of teaching, research and public service.华盛顿州立大学没有正式校训；其身份通过「教学、科研与公共服务」的赠地使命得以体现。
• Greek life is prominent: the university hosts 27 fraternities in the Interfraternity Council, 14 sororities in the Panhellenic Council and several further councils.希腊式社团生活兴盛：该校设有校际兄弟会理事会的 27 个兄弟会、泛希腊理事会的 14 个姐妹会，以及若干其他理事会。
• Kappa Sigma, founded in 1909, is the oldest national fraternity at WSU, and Alpha Delta Pi, founded in 1912, was its first sorority, and between 25 and 30 per cent of undergraduates join Greek organisations.1909 年成立的 Kappa Sigma 是该校最早的全围性兄弟会，1912 年成立的 Alpha Delta Pi 是首个姐妹会；每年有 25% 至 30% 的本科生加入希腊式社团。
• The Associated Students of Washington State University, founded in 1915, and the Graduate and Professional Students Association, founded about 1970, are the two representative student bodies.1915 年成立的学生自治会与约 1970 年成立的研究生与专业学生协会，是该校两个学生代表组织。
• "The Fight Song" was composed in 1919 by students Phyllis Sayles, who wrote the music, and Zella Melcher, who wrote the lyrics, as a class project.校歌「The Fight Song」由学生 Phyllis Sayles 作曲、Zella Melcher 作词，于 1919 年作为课堂项目写成。
• The student newspaper, The Daily Evergreen, published its first issue in 1895, and the university owns the Northwest Public Radio and Television network.学生报纸《The Daily Evergreen》于 1895 年首刊；该校拥有西北公共广播与电视网。
• WSU alumnus Edward R. Murrow began his radio career at the campus station KWSC, now flagship station KWSU.该校校友 Edward R. Murrow 在校园电台 KWSC 开启其广播生涯，该台现为旗舰电台 KWSU。
• The university is a residential campus, and Homecoming Week, with events such as a chariot race, is the highlight of the year for the residence halls.该校是一所住宿制校园，举办战车赛等活动的返校周是各宿舍一年中的高光时刻。
• The student-run Compton Union Building, the alumni magazine Washington State Magazine and more than 300 registered student organisations sustain a lively campus culture.学生自营的康普顿联合大楼、校友杂志《Washington State Magazine》以及 300 多个注册学生组织，共同维系着活跃的校园文化。

Notable people

• Enoch Albert Bryan, president from 1893 to 1915, is widely regarded as the true founder of Washington State University and gave his name to its landmark clock tower.Enoch Albert Bryan 于 1893 至 1915 年任校长，被普遍视为华盛顿州立大学的真正奠基人，其地标钟楼即以他命名。
• George W. Lilley was the first president of the institution, serving from 1891 to 1892 as head of the Agricultural College and Experiment Station.George W. Lilley 是该校首任校长，于 1891 至 1892 年担任农业学院与实验站负责人。
• Irwin Rose, a recipient of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, attended Washington State University for a year before graduating from the University of Chicago.2004 年诺贝尔化学奖得主 Irwin Rose 曾在华盛顿州立大学就读一年，后毕业于芝加哥大学。
• Edward R. Murrow, the pioneering broadcast journalist, began his career in radio at a WSU student station.开创性广播记者 Edward R. Murrow 在华盛顿州立大学的学生电台开启了他的广播生涯。
• Paul Allen, co-founder of Microsoft, studied at Washington State University before leaving to found the company with Bill Gates.微软联合创始人 Paul Allen 曾在华盛顿州立大学就读，后离开并与比尔·盖茨共同创立该公司。
• Gary Larson, cartoonist and creator of The Far Side, graduated from the university, as did the actor Dolph Lundgren, both having studied at WSU.漫画《The Far Side》的作者、漫画家 Gary Larson 毕业于该校，演员 Dolph Lundgren 亦曾在此就读。
• Edmund Schweitzer, founder of Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, earned his doctorate in 1977 and was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2019.Schweitzer 工程实验室创办人 Edmund Schweitzer 于 1977 年获博士学位，并于 2019 年入选国家发明家名人堂。
• William Julius Wilson, a sociologist who earned his doctorate at WSU, and the writer Sherman Alexie also studied at the university.在该校获博士学位的社会学家 William Julius Wilson 与作家 Sherman Alexie 也都曾在该校学习。
• Bernard Lagat, an Olympic middle-distance and marathon runner, graduated from WSU in 2000 with a degree in management information systems.田径运动员 Bernard Lagat 于 2000 年获该校管理学信息系统学位，并代表美国参加奥林匹克运动会。
• John M. Fabian, a NASA astronaut and member of the Regents' Distinguished Alumnus list, graduated from the university.美国宇航局宇航员、校董杰出校友名单成员 John M. Fabian 毕业于该校。
• Medal of Honor recipients James P. Fleming and Ronald Shurer are both Washington State University alumni.荣誉勋章得主 James P. Fleming 与 Ronald Shurer 均为华盛顿州立大学校友。