Warsaw University of Technology

The Warsaw University of Technology, in Polish the Politechnika Warszawska, is a public technical university in Warsaw and one of the leading institutes of technology in Poland and one of the largest universities in Central Europe.华沙工业大学（波兰语：Politechnika Warszawska）是波兰华沙的一所公立技术大学，为波兰领先的理工学院之一，也是中欧规模最大的大学之一。

Its origins lie in the engineering school opened in Warsaw on 4 January 1826, and today it employs 2,553 teaching faculty, including 262 titular professors, across 19 faculties.其源头可追溯至 1826 年 1 月 4 日在华沙开办的工程学校；今日它拥有 2,553 名教师（含 262 名级别教授），分设 19 个学院。

With 20,953 students recorded in 2025 and a branch campus in Płock, the university placed 504th in the QS World University Rankings 2027, and OpenAlex indexes 61,912 works attributed to it with 2,372,139 citations.该校 2025 年有学生 20,953 人，并在普沃茨克设有分校区，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 504 位，OpenAlex 收录其文献 61,912 篇、被引 2,372,139 次。

History

• The origins of Polish technical education reach back to the eighteenth century, when such schools grew out of military technology and mining, for instance the complex processes needed to extract coal from deeper seams.波兰技术教育的源头可追溯到 18 世纪，此类学校多源自军事技术与采矿，例如开采更深煤层所需的复杂工艺。

• The model was set by the French, who in 1794 founded the École polytechnique in Paris, and early in the nineteenth century technical universities followed in Prague in 1806, Vienna in 1815 and Karlsruhe in 1824.其范式由法国人确立，他们于 1794 年在巴黎创办综合理工学院；19 世纪初，布拉格（1806）、维也纳（1815）与卡尔斯鲁厄（1824）相继设立技术大学。

• In Poland the first multidisciplinary university of technology was the Preparatory School for the Institute of Technology, whose roots lie in the earlier Warsaw Institute of Technology, and it opened on 4 January 1826 with its ceremonial inauguration in the Casimir Palace.在波兰，第一所多学科技术大学是「技术学院预科学校」，其源流可追溯至更早的华沙技术学院，于 1826 年 1 月 4 日开办，并在卡齐米日宫举行了开学典礼。

• The figure who did most to create the school and draft its charter was Stanisław Staszic, while Kajetan Garbiński, a mathematician and professor at Warsaw University, became its director.为创办该校并起草其章程出力最多的是斯坦尼斯瓦夫·斯塔希茨，而华沙大学的数学教授卡耶坦·加尔宾斯基出任首任校长。

• The school initially offered two courses, an introductory one and an advanced one, and it was based at the University of Warsaw until it was closed in 1831 after the November Insurrection.学校起初开设初级与高级两个课程，最初依附于华沙大学办学，直至 1831 年十一月起义后被迫关闭。

• In 1898 the Technological Section of the Warsaw Society for Russian Commerce and Industry, directed by the engineer Kazimierz Obrębowicz, raised one million rubles to establish the Emperor Nicolas II Polytechnic Institute.1898 年，由工程师卡齐米日·奥布雷博维奇主持的华沙俄国工商协会技术分部筹集 100 万卢布，创办了「尼古拉二世皇帝理工学院」。

• Classes at the new institute, taught in Russian, began on 5 September 1898 in a building at 81 Marszałkowska Street before moving to premises built specifically for it.新学院以俄语授课，1898 年 9 月 5 日在马沙乌科夫斯卡街 81 号的建筑内开课，随后迁入专为它建造的校舍。

• The city administration donated a site of about seven hectares, formerly occupied by the 1896 Hygiene Exhibition at the crossing of Polna and Nowowiejska Streets, for the institute's headquarters.市政府捐出约七公顷的地块作为学院总部，该地块原为 1896 年卫生展览会所占，位于波尔纳街与新世界街（Nowowiejska）交叉处。

• Architects Bronisław Rogóyski and Stefan Szyller designed the purpose-built institute buildings, which on opening housed three faculties, Mathematics, Chemistry and Engineering and Construction, with a Faculty of Mining added in June 1902.建筑师布罗尼斯瓦夫·罗古伊斯基与斯特凡·希勒设计了专门建造的学院建筑；开校时设数学、化学以及工程与建筑三个系，1902 年 6 月又增设采矿系。

• Poles formed the majority of students until 1905, when their number reached 1,100, the same year in which the institute's operations were suspended indefinitely amid protests demanding an end to tsarist rule.直至 1905 年波兰人一直是学生的多数，人数达到 1,100；同年，因学生抗议要求结束沙皇统治，学院运作被无限期暂停。

• The institute reopened in the autumn of 1908, retaining Russian as the medium of instruction, and Włodzimierz Amalicki was appointed to replace the dismissed director Aleksander Lagioro, taking the title of rector.学院于 1908 年秋复课，仍以俄语为教学语言；弗沃齐米日·阿马利茨基接替被免职的院长亚历山大·拉吉奥罗，并获授校长头衔。

• During the First World War, on the orders of Rector Amalicki, the institute was evacuated in June 1915 to the interior of the Russian Empire, moving first to Moscow, then Rostov-on-Don and finally Nizhny Novgorod.第一次世界大战期间，按校长阿马利茨基的命令，学院于 1915 年 6 月撤离至俄罗斯帝国腹地，先迁莫斯科，再迁罗斯托夫-顿河，最后落脚下诺夫哥罗德。

• That evacuation enabled a polytechnic institute to be established in Nizhny Novgorod, and on 17 June 1917 the Russian Provisional Government issued a decree closing the Polytechnic Institute.这次撤离促成了在下诺夫哥罗德建立一所工学院；1917 年 6 月 17 日，俄国临时政府颁布法令关闭了该工学院。

• After German troops entered Warsaw on 5 August 1915 they allowed the University of Warsaw and the Warsaw University of Technology to reopen with Polish as the language of instruction, and the grand opening took place on 15 November 1915.德国军队于 1915 年 8 月 5 日进入华沙后，允许华沙大学与华沙工业大学以波兰语复课，两校的盛大开学典礼于 1915 年 11 月 15 日举行。

• Zygmunt Straszewicz became the first rector of the Warsaw University of Technology, though daily lectures began only in November 1920, after the war and the Polish-Bolshevik conflict.兹格蒙特·斯特拉谢维奇出任华沙工业大学首任校长，但日常授课迟至 1920 年 11 月才真正开始，即在战争与波苏冲突之后。

• The interwar school included the faculties of Mechanics, Electrical Engineering, Chemistry, Architecture, Civil Engineering, Aquatic Engineering and Geodesy, the last three being merged by the Academic Schools Law of 13 March 1933.战间期的学校设有机械、电气工程、化学、建筑、土木工程、水利工程与大地测量等系，后三者依 1933 年 3 月 13 日的《学术学校法》合并。

• The Polish Cabinet issued a decree on 25 September 1933 establishing the new Faculty of Engineering, a reorganisation that consolidated the technical faculties of the interwar university.波兰内阁于 1933 年 9 月 25 日颁布法令，设立新的工程学院，这一重组整合了战间期大学的技术类院系。

• Between the wars, student numbers grew from 2,540 in 1918/1919 to 4,673 on the eve of the Second World War, and the school awarded more than 6,200 diplomas, including 320 to women.两次大战之间，学生人数从 1918/1919 学年的 2,540 人增至二战前夕的 4,673 人，学校共授予 6,200 余份文凭，其中 320 份授予女性。

• During the German occupation the university operated underground, with about 3,000 students in clandestine courses and 198 engineering diplomas awarded, alongside 20 doctoral and 14 assistant-professorship theses.在德国占领期间，该校转入地下办学，约 3,000 名学生参加秘密课程，授予 198 份工程文凭，并完成 20 篇博士论文与 14 篇助理教授资格论文。

• Professors Janusz Groszkowski, Marceli Struszyński and Józef Zawadzki analysed the radio and steering devices of German V-2 rockets at the request of Polish Home Army intelligence.教授亚努什·格罗斯科夫斯基、马尔切利·斯特鲁申斯基与约瑟夫·扎瓦茨基应波兰救国军情报部门之请，分析了德国 V-2 火箭的无线电与操纵装置。

• On the first day of the Warsaw Uprising, 1 August 1944, the university grounds were seized by insurgents of the Golski Battalion, and a full-scale German assault followed on 19 August.1944 年 8 月 1 日华沙起义首日，该校校园被「戈尔斯基」营的起义者占领，德军随后于 8 月 19 日发动全面进攻。

• Classes restarted in improvised conditions on 22 January 1945, and by the end of that year all the pre-war faculties had been reopened as damaged buildings were rebuilt and new ones erected.1945 年 1 月 22 日课程在临时条件下重启，到当年年底，随受损建筑的修复与新楼的建设，战前各系已全部复课。

• In 1951 the university incorporated the Wawelberg and Rotwand School of Engineering, and in 1967 the Academic and Research Centre in Płock was created.1951 年该校并入瓦维尔贝格与罗特万德工程学院；1967 年又设立了普沃茨克教学与研究中心。

• The university reached its bicentenary in 2026, and its rector framed the anniversary around the motto of shaping the future for two hundred years.该校于 2026 年迎来两百周年，校长以「两百年来一直在塑造未来」这一主题来概括这一纪念节点。

Academics

• Teaching is organised in 19 faculties covering almost all fields of science and technology, spread across Warsaw with one faculty located in Płock.教学按 19 个学院组织，几乎覆盖科学与技术的所有领域，分布在华沙各地，其中一个学院位于普沃茨克。

• The faculties include Architecture, Civil Engineering, Chemistry, Chemical and Process Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Information Technology and Environmental Engineering.这些学院包括建筑、土木工程、化学、化学与过程工程、电气工程、电子与信息技术，以及环境工程。

• Further faculties cover Geodesy and Cartography, Mathematics and Information Science, Management, Materials Science and Engineering, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Mechatronics, Physics, Transport and Power and Aeronautical Engineering.其他学院涵盖大地测量与制图、数学与信息科学、管理、材料科学与工程、机械与工业工程、机电一体化、物理、交通，以及动力与航空工程。

• The Faculty of Administration and Social Science and the WUT Business School complete the Warsaw list, while the Płock campus hosts a Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry and a College of Economics and Social Sciences.行政与社会科学学院以及华沙工业大学商学院补齐了华沙的名单，普沃茨克校区则设有土木工程、机械与石油化学学院以及经济与社会科学学院。

• The university employs 2,553 teaching faculty, of whom 262 hold the title of titular professor, an academic rank specific to the Polish system.该校聘用 2,553 名教师，其中 262 人拥有波兰学制中特有的「级别教授」头衔。

• Total employment stands at 5,055, encompassing academic, technical and administrative staff across its faculties and central units.其员工总数为 5,055 人，涵盖各学院与中央单位的教学、技术与行政人员。

• Student numbers reached 20,953 in 2025, including 865 doctoral candidates, and the university produces about 5,000 graduates each year.2025 年学生人数达 20,953 人，其中博士生 865 人，该校每年培养约 5,000 名毕业生。

• The Faculty of Transport conducts research into variable-gauge railway axles intended to overcome breaks of gauge, including the SUW 2000 system and the Intergauge design.交通学院研究可变轨距的铁路车轴，用以克服轨距断差，包括 SUW 2000 系统与 Intergauge 方案。

• Several degree programmes hold international accreditation, including the EUR-ACE label in fields such as automatics and robotics, biotechnology, civil engineering and power engineering.若干学位项目获得国际认证，其中 EUR-ACE 认证覆盖自动化与机器人、生物技术、土木工程与动力工程领域。

• Other accreditations include the SAS Academic Specialization for computing programmes, PEGASUS for aerospace engineering and ACCA for postgraduate programmes at the WUT Business School.其他认证包括面向计算类专业的 SAS 学术专门化、面向航空航天工程的 PEGASUS，以及面向商学院研究生课程的 ACCA。

• The International Project Management Association Poland accredits the postgraduate programme in construction management, and the university's language centre holds Eaquals accreditation.国际项目管理协会波兰分会为该校园的建设管理研究生项目提供认证，其语言中心则持有 Eaquals 认证。

• The WUT Library System comprises the Main Library together with branch and specialist libraries in faculties, institutes and chairs, holding more than 1.5 million print items and over 300,000 electronic titles.华沙工业大学图书馆系统由主图书馆以及分散于各学院、研究所与教研室的分馆和专业图书馆组成，藏有 150 余万件纸质文献与 30 余万种电子出版物。

• The university publishes or co-publishes several scientific journals, among them the Archives of Civil Engineering and the Archives of Transport.该校出版或联合出版若干学术期刊，其中包括《土木工程文献》与《交通文献》。

• Other journals include Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics, Foundations of Management, the WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering and the Architecture and Town Planning Quarterly.其他期刊还包括《大地测量与地理信息报告》《管理基础》《华沙工业大学交通工程杂志》以及《建筑与城市规划季刊》。

• OpenAlex records 61,912 scholarly works attributed to the university carrying 2,372,139 citations, a research profile spread across engineering and the applied sciences.OpenAlex 记录该校文献 61,912 篇、被引 2,372,139 次，其科研画像分布于工程与应用科学各领域。

• A 2008 survey by the newspaper Rzeczpospolita found that alumni of the university make up the highest percentage of Polish managers and executives.2008 年《共和国报》的一项调查发现，该校校友在波兰经理与高管中所占比例最高。

Campus

• The main campus lies in central Warsaw around the Main Building at Plac Politechniki 1, the address of the rector's office, with faculties distributed across the city.主校区位于华沙市中心，围绕位于理工大学广场 1 号的主楼展开，校长办公室即设于此，各学院则分布在城市各处。

• The original nineteenth-century institute was built on a roughly seven-hectare site donated by the city at the crossing of Polna and Nowowiejska Streets.19 世纪最初的学院建在市捐赠的约七公顷地块上，位于波尔纳街与诺沃耶斯卡街交叉处。

• The institute buildings were designed by Bronisław Rogóyski and Stefan Szyller, whose principal complex still anchors the central Warsaw campus around the Main Building.学院建筑由布罗尼斯瓦夫·罗古伊斯基与斯特凡·希勒设计，其主要建筑群至今仍围绕主楼构成华沙中心校区的主体。

• A separate branch operates in Płock, where the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry and the College of Economics and Social Sciences are located.该校在普沃茨克设有独立分校，土木工程、机械与石油化学学院以及经济与社会科学学院即设于此。

• The university maintains a museum, the WUT Museum, which documents the school's history from the 1826 Preparatory School to the present day.该校设有一座博物馆，即华沙工业大学博物馆，记录学校自 1826 年预科学校至今的历史。

• The main campus stands at coordinates 52.22977 degrees north and 21.01178 degrees east, in the centre of the Polish capital.主校区坐标为北纬 52.22977 度、东经 21.01178 度，地处波兰首都中心。

• Its city-centre position places the campus on the main transport routes of Warsaw, within walking distance of the central railway and university districts.校区位于市中心，使其处在华沙主要交通线路上，步行可达中央车站与大学片区。

• Facilities include lecture halls, laboratories and libraries distributed among the faculties, with the WUT Library System serving students across the various sites.校园设施包括分布于各学院的讲堂、实验室与图书馆，华沙工业大学图书馆系统为各处校址的学生提供服务。

• The Płock campus gives the university a presence outside the capital, serving the industrial region on the Vistula river to the north-west of Warsaw.普沃茨克校区使该校在首都之外亦有一席之地，服务华沙西北、维斯瓦河沿岸的工业地区。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the Warsaw University of Technology is placed 504th in the world, its strongest showing in the main global tables for that year.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，华沙工业大学位列世界第 504 位，是该年其在全球主榜中的最好表现。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 1401-1600 band, and the 2026 Shanghai Ranking (ARWU) places it in the 901-1000 band.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把该校置于 1401-1600 区间，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名则把它置于 901-1000 区间。

• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities rankings the university stands 1158th in the world, and an earlier Times Higher Education table of 2026 placed it in the 1201-1500 band.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列世界第 1158 位；更早的 2026 年泰晤士高等教育榜单则把它置于 1201-1500 区间。

• OpenAlex records 61,912 works and 2,372,139 citations for the university, an average of about thirty-eight citations for each recorded paper.OpenAlex 记录该校文献 61,912 篇、被引 2,372,139 次，平均每篇论文约被引 38 次。

• The university appears in the ShanghaiRanking Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, placing in the GRAS 2023 tables for its engineering disciplines.该校进入软科世界一流学科排名，在 2023 年 GRAS 榜单的工程学科中榜上有名。

• Its reputation in Poland rests on engineering, and a 2008 Rzeczpospolita survey reported that every ninth president among the country's top 500 corporations is a graduate.其在波兰的声誉建立在工程之上；2008 年《共和国报》调查称，该国前 500 家大企业中每九位总裁就有一位是该校毕业生。

• The Faculty of Transport's variable-gauge axle research, including the SUW 2000 system, gives the university a recognised niche in railway engineering.交通学院在可变轨距车轴方面（含 SUW 2000 系统）的研究，使该校在铁路工程领域拥有公认的特色。

• International accreditation of its degree programmes, from EUR-ACE in engineering to ACCA in business, supports the recognition of its qualifications abroad.其学位项目获得的国际认证——从工程领域的 EUR-ACE 到商科的 ACCA——有助于其学历在海外获得承认。

• As one of the largest universities in Central Europe, the university carries weight in Polish technical education and in the training of the country's engineers.作为中欧规模最大的大学之一，该校在波兰技术教育以及国家工程师培养中具有分量。

• Its research output in engineering and the applied sciences, recorded in OpenAlex at tens of thousands of works, underpins its standing among Polish technological universities.其在工程与应用科学领域的科研产出（OpenAlex 记录达数万篇），支撑着它在波兰技术类大学中的地位。

Student life

• The motto associated with the university is a quotation from its founder Stanisław Staszic, to the effect that skills remain an idle invention until they are applied to the use of nations.与该校相关的校训引自其创办人斯坦尼斯瓦夫·斯塔希茨，大意为：技艺若未用于民族之用，便仍只是无益的发明。

• A related saying attributed to Staszic, 'to be needed by the nation, to be useful to the nation', is often cited at university ceremonies.归于斯塔希茨名下的另一句名言「做民族所需之人，做民族有用之人」，常在该校典礼上被引用。

• For its bicentenary in 2026 the university adopted the theme of shaping the future for two hundred years, echoing the motto of its bicentennial celebrations.在 2026 年两百周年之际，该校采用「塑造未来两百年」的主题，与校庆口号相呼应。

• Students pursue engineering and applied-science degrees across 19 faculties, from architecture and civil engineering to mechatronics and aerospace engineering.学生在 19 个学院中修读工程与应用科学学位，从建筑、土木工程到机电一体化与航空航天工程。

• About 5,000 graduates leave the university each year, sustaining a large alumni body that includes managers, engineers, architects, scientists and public figures.每年约有 5,000 名毕业生离校，维系着一个庞大的校友群体，其中包括管理者、工程师、建筑师、科学家与公众人物。

• The WUT Library System, with more than 1.5 million print items and over 300,000 electronic titles, supports study across all the faculties.华沙工业大学图书馆系统藏有 150 余万件纸质文献与 30 余万种电子出版物，支撑各学院的学习。

• The university's museum records its student traditions from the 1826 Preparatory School onward, including the clandestine teaching of the occupation years.该校博物馆记录了自 1826 年预科学校以来的学生传统，包括占领年代的秘密教学。

• Student organisations include the Students' Union and the Erasmus Student Network branch, alongside a student internet television service known as TVPW.学生组织包括学生会与伊拉斯谟学生网络分会，此外还有名为 TVPW 的学生网络电视服务。

• The city-centre campus places students within Warsaw's cultural and transport network, close to the capital's central districts.位于市中心的校区使学生处于华沙的文化与交通网络之中，紧邻首都的中心片区。

Notable people

• Stanisław Staszic, the scholar and reformer who created the school and drafted its charter in 1826, is the founding figure most closely associated with the university.1826 年创办该校并起草其章程的学者与改革家斯坦尼斯瓦夫·斯塔希茨，是与该校关系最紧密的创办期人物。

• Kajetan Garbiński, a mathematician and professor at Warsaw University, became the first director of the Preparatory School for the Institute of Technology in 1826.华沙大学的数学教授卡耶坦·加尔宾斯基，于 1826 年出任技术学院预科学校的首任校长。

• Zygmunt Straszewicz served as the first rector of the Warsaw University of Technology after it reopened with Polish as the language of instruction in 1915.1915 年该校以波兰语复课后，兹格蒙特·斯特拉谢维奇出任华沙工业大学首任校长。

• Włodzimierz Amalicki, rector of the institute before the First World War, ordered its evacuation to the Russian interior in June 1915.一战前任学院校长的弗沃齐米日·阿马利茨基，于 1915 年 6 月下令把学院撤离至俄国腹地。

• Jan Czochralski, whose name is attached to the Czochralski process for growing single crystals, was a researcher associated with the university.名字与拉制单晶的「切克劳斯基法」相联的扬·切克劳斯基，是与该校相关的研究者。

• Karol Adamiecki, a pioneer of management science, Stefan Bryła, a pioneer of welded structures, and Tytus Maksymilian Huber were among the university's interwar scholars.管理科学先驱卡罗尔·阿达梅茨基、焊接结构先驱斯特凡·布雷瓦，以及蒂图斯·马克西米利安·胡贝尔，都是该校战间期的学者。

• Janusz Groszkowski, Marceli Struszyński and Józef Zawadzki analysed the V-2 rocket's guidance systems for the Polish resistance during the Second World War.亚努什·格罗斯科夫斯基、马尔切利·斯特鲁申斯基与约瑟夫·扎瓦茨基在二战期间为波兰抵抗组织分析了 V-2 火箭的制导系统。

• Waldemar Pawlak, an alumnus who served as Prime Minister of Poland, is among the university's most prominent political graduates.校友瓦尔德马·帕夫拉克曾任波兰总理，是该校最著名的政治界毕业生之一。

• Alfred Korzybski, an engineer, mathematician and philosopher known for general semantics, and Antoni Kocjan, the glider constructor and Home Army soldier, were alumni.以普通语义学著称的工程师、数学家兼哲学家阿尔弗雷德·科日布斯基，以及滑翔机设计师兼救国军战士安东尼·科强，都是该校校友。

• Tomasz Bagiński, the illustrator, animator and director, and Joanna Chmielewska, the novelist and screenwriter, carried the university's name into Polish culture.插画师、动画师兼导演托马什·巴金斯基与小说家、编剧乔安娜·赫梅莱夫斯卡，把这所大学的名字带入了波兰文化。

• Henryk Magnuski, a telecommunications engineer, and Marian Walentynowicz, an architect and comic-book pioneer, are numbered among the university's engineering alumni.电信工程师亨里克·马格努斯基与建筑师、连环画先驱马里安·瓦伦蒂诺维奇，都被计入该校的工程界校友之列。

• Krzysztof Zaremba, the university's rector from 2020, is the figure currently responsible for its governance as it marks two hundred years.自 2020 年起任该校校长的克日什托夫·扎伦巴，是在进入两百周年之际负责其治理的人物。

• Bohdan Kulakowski, a mechanical engineer and alumnus, became a professor at Pennsylvania State University, carrying the university's engineering tradition abroad.校友、机械工程师博赫丹·库拉科夫斯基成为宾夕法尼亚州立大学的教授，把这所大学的工程传统带向海外。

• Witold Nazarewicz, a nuclear physicist and alumnus, and Andrzej Ruszczyński, an applied mathematician at Rutgers University, are among its internationally active graduates.核物理学家、校友维托尔德·纳扎雷维奇，以及任职于罗格斯大学的应用数学家安杰伊·鲁什琴斯基，都是该校活跃于国际的毕业生。