Wageningen University & Research

Wageningen University & Research is a public university and research organisation in Wageningen, in the Dutch province of Gelderland, specialising in the life sciences, agriculture, food and the environment.瓦赫宁根大学与研究院（Wageningen University & Research，缩写 WUR）是一所位于荷兰海尔德兰省瓦赫宁根的公立大学与研究机构，专长于生命科学、农业、食品与环境领域。

Formed from an agricultural college founded in 1876 and granted academic status in 1918, it is the world's leading centre for agricultural research and places 154th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings with about 13,500 students.该校由 1876 年创办的农业学院发展而来，1918 年获得大学地位，是全球领先的农业研究中心，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 154，在校学生约 1.35 万人。

History

• The Dutch government established the Rijkslandbouwschool, a national agricultural college, in Wageningen in 1876, giving the town an institution that would dominate its identity for the next century and a half.荷兰政府于 1876 年在瓦赫宁根创办国立农业学校，从此为这座小城奠定了延续一个半世纪的学术底色。

• In 1896 the college raised its level of instruction and took the name Hoogere Land- en Boschbouwschool, adding forestry to its agricultural teaching.1896 年，学校提高教学层级并更名为高等农业与林业学校，在农学之外增设林业教育。

• A further renaming in 1904 produced the Rijks Hoogere Land-, Tuin- en Boschbouwschool, the national college of agriculture, horticulture and forestry.1904 年学校再度更名，称为国立高等农业、园艺与林业学校。

• The Academic Education Act of 1918 turned the college into the Rijks Landbouw Hoogeschool, an institution of university rank, and 9 March 1918 is still celebrated as its foundation day.1918 年的《学术教育法》使该校升格为具有大学地位的国立农业大学，1918 年 3 月 9 日至今仍被作为建校纪念日庆祝。

• In 1986, when Dutch legislation renamed the research-oriented hogescholen as universities, the institution became the Landbouwuniversiteit Wageningen, or Wageningen Agricultural University.1986 年，荷兰立法将研究型高等学院更名为大学，该校遂改称瓦赫宁根农业大学。

• In 1997 the university merged with the agricultural research institutes of the Dutch ministry of agriculture to form Wageningen UR, with the university renamed Wageningen University.1997 年，学校与荷兰农业部的各农业研究机构合并组成瓦赫宁根大学与研究中心，大学部分定名瓦赫宁根大学。

• Because Dutch law required the university and the research institutes to remain separate legal entities, the combined organisation operates as a holding structure rather than a single body.由于荷兰法律要求大学与研究机构保持独立法人地位，这一联合体以控股架构运行，而非单一法人。

• In 2006 the university of applied sciences Van Hall Larenstein became part of Wageningen UR, in an attempt to link applied teaching with academic research.2006 年，应用型院校范霍尔·拉伦斯坦加入瓦赫宁根联合体，意在把应用型教学与学术研究相衔接。

• In 2012 it was decided that Van Hall Larenstein would leave Wageningen UR and continue as an independent institution once more, because the differences in organisational culture and procedure proved hard to reconcile.2012 年，由于组织文化与流程差异难以调和，各方决定范霍尔·拉伦斯坦退出联合体，重新成为独立院校。

• The separation was completed in the spring of 2015, when the last Wageningen-based programmes of Van Hall Larenstein moved back to the town of Velp.这一分离于 2015 年春完成，范霍尔·拉伦斯坦最后一批设在瓦赫宁根的课程迁回费尔普。

• In 2009 the organisation decided to use an English brand in its communication, and on 6 September 2016 the university and the research institutes adopted the single joint name Wageningen University & Research.2009 年，机构决定在对外传播中使用英文品牌；2016 年 9 月 6 日，大学与各研究所统一采用“瓦赫宁根大学与研究院”这一名称。

• Wageningen celebrated the centenary of its university status on 9 March 2018, when a carillon was installed on the main campus and a year of events was held in the town.2018 年 3 月 9 日，学校庆祝获得大学地位一百周年，主校区安装了钟琴，城中亦举办了为期一年的纪念活动。

• The Wageningen research institutes trace their ancestry to state bodies such as the Central Veterinary Institute, later renamed Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, and the RIKILT food safety institute.设于瓦赫宁根的各研究所可追溯至国立机构，如后来更名为瓦赫宁根生物兽医研究所的中央兽医研究所，以及食品安全的 RIKILT 研究所。

• Wageningen Environmental Research descends from Alterra, and Wageningen Marine Research from IMARES, the marine research institute of the former ministry service.瓦赫宁根环境研究所以前的名称是 Alterra，瓦赫宁根海洋研究所则前身为原部属海洋研究机构 IMARES。

• In 2025 Wageningen Economic Research merged with the Centre for Development Innovation to form Wageningen Social & Economic Research.2025 年，瓦赫宁根经济研究所与发展创新中心合并，组成瓦赫宁根社会与经济研究所。

• The university has faced criticism over perceived partiality in research, including a widely reported case concerning bee colony collapse that was partly funded by the pesticide producer Bayer.学校曾因研究的中立性受到批评，其中一起广受关注的案例涉及蜜蜂蜂群崩溃研究，而该研究部分由农药生产商拜耳资助。

• Wageningen was the first Dutch institution allowed to use the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System label, awarded by the European Commission to guarantee programme quality.瓦赫宁根是荷兰首家获准使用欧洲学分转换与累积系统标签的院校，该标签由欧盟委员会授予，用以保证课程质量。

• Since 2016 the university has publicly committed to reducing the environmental footprint of its own operations and has repeatedly been named the most sustainable Dutch university.自 2016 年起，学校公开承诺降低自身运转的环境足迹，并多次被评为荷兰最具可持续性的大学。

• The former agricultural college grew into a research organisation of some 3,800 staff, and its institutes now advise the Dutch government and international bodies on food, farming and nature policy.这所昔日的农业学校已成长为拥有约 3800 名教职员工的科研机构，其研究所如今为荷兰政府及国际机构提供食品、农业与自然政策咨询。

Academics

• The university grants bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in the life and social sciences, and it offers nineteen bachelor's programmes and thirty-six master's programmes, two of them online.学校在生命科学与社会科学的本科、硕士与博士层面授予学位，现设 19 个本科项目与 36 个硕士项目，其中两个为在线课程。

• Bachelor's programmes last three years and 180 European credits, and cover economy and society, health, life sciences and technology, nature and environment, and animals and plants.本科项目为三年制、共 180 个欧洲学分，涵盖经济与社会、健康、生命科学与技术、自然与环境、动物与植物等方向。

• All master's programmes are taught in English, last two years and total 120 credits, and most offer specialisations as well as pre-master tracks for applicants who do not yet meet every entry requirement.所有硕士项目均以英语授课，学制两年、共 120 学分，多数设有专业方向，并为尚未满足全部入学要求的申请者提供预科衔接课程。

• From 2022 the management, economics and consumer studies master's programme was reorganised into five separate tracks covering sustainable business innovations, supply chain analytics, consumer studies, sustainability economics and governance.自 2022 年起，管理、经济与消费研究硕士项目重组为五个独立方向，分别覆盖可持续商业创新、供应链分析、消费研究、可持续经济与治理。

• Wageningen Academy offers post-experience courses to professionals, while the graduate school structure, including the Wageningen Graduate School, oversees doctoral training across the research groups.瓦赫宁根学院面向专业人士开设进修课程，包括瓦赫宁根研究生院在内的研究生院体系则统筹各研究组的博士培养。

• Doctoral candidates are appointed as junior researchers on four-year contracts with pension and unemployment benefits, and may teach for up to ten per cent of their time.博士生以初级研究员身份签订四年合同受聘，享有养老金与失业保障，并可承担不超过其工时一成的教学任务。

• Management and social-science teaching is provided through the Wageningen School of Social Sciences, which trains master's and doctoral students in economics, governance and consumption studies.管理与社会科学的教学由瓦赫宁根社会科学学院承担，该院在经济、治理与消费研究方向上培养硕士与博士生。

• The university collaborates with national bodies such as the Netherlands Institute of Ecology on biodiversity, soil and climate research that feeds into Dutch and European policy.学校与荷兰生态研究所等国家级机构在生物多样性、土壤与气候研究上合作，成果为荷兰与欧洲的政策提供依据。

• It enrols 13,564 students, of whom 5,773 are undergraduates, 7,284 postgraduates and 2,440 doctoral candidates, and employs 3,794 staff, equal to 3,588 full-time equivalents.学校在校学生 13564 人，其中本科生 5773 人、硕士生 7284 人、博士生 2440 人，教职员工 3794 人，折合 3588 个全职当量。

• Students come from more than a hundred countries, and international enrolment is central to the university's model of globally oriented life-science education.学生来自一百多个国家，国际化招生是这所学校面向全球的生命科学教育模式的核心。

• The Wageningen Research institutes include Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen Marine Research and Wageningen Food & Biobased Research.瓦赫宁根研究院下设瓦赫宁根环境研究所、植物研究所、畜牧研究所、海洋研究所以及食品与生物基研究所等机构。

• Wageningen Food Safety Research, formerly RIKILT, is the national reference laboratory for food safety, and Wageningen Bioveterinary Research works on animal disease.前身为 RIKILT 的瓦赫宁根食品安全研究所是荷兰食品安全的国家参考实验室，瓦赫宁根生物兽医研究所则专攻动物疫病。

• Dairy Campus in Leeuwarden, part of the organisation, is a research and education facility for the dairy sector with housing for hundreds of cows.位于吕伐登的乳业园区隶属该机构，是面向乳业的科研与教育基地，可容纳数百头奶牛。

• The university was the first Dutch institution permitted to award the European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System label, and it applies the credit system across all its programmes.学校是荷兰首家获准授予欧洲学分转换与累积系统标签的机构，其全部课程均采用该学分体系。

• Research at Wageningen spans plant and animal science, food technology, environmental science, ecology, soil science and the social sciences of consumption and governance.学校的科研覆盖动植物科学、食品技术、环境科学、生态学、土壤学，以及围绕消费与治理的社会科学。

• As a member of the 4TU federation alongside Delft, Eindhoven and Twente, Wageningen co-operates closely with the three Dutch technical universities on engineering and technology.作为 4TU 联合会的成员，瓦赫宁根与代尔夫特、埃因霍温、特文特三所荷兰理工大学在工程与技术领域密切合作。

• It also belongs to the Euroleague for Life Sciences, a network of European universities that collaborate on teaching and research in the life sciences.学校也是欧洲生命科学联盟的成员，该网络汇聚欧洲多所大学，在生命科学的教学与科研上展开合作。

• The World Soil Museum, on the Wageningen campus, holds soil monoliths from around the world and documents the diversity of soils for research and teaching.设于瓦赫宁根校园的世界土壤博物馆收藏世界各地采集的土壤剖面标本，为研究与教学记录土壤的多样性。

• The organisation publishes widely in agricultural and environmental science, and its researchers contribute to international assessments of food security, biodiversity and climate adaptation.该机构在农业与环境科学领域发表大量成果，其研究人员参与粮食安全、生物多样性与气候适应方面的国际评估。

Campus

• The campus lies in Wageningen, a small town on the north bank of the Rhine in Gelderland, at the heart of the Dutch region known as the Food Valley.校园位于海尔德兰省莱茵河北岸的小城瓦赫宁根，地处荷兰被称为“食品谷”的区域核心。

• The Forum building is the best-known landmark of the campus and houses the library together with several education and study facilities under one roof.福鲁姆楼是校园最知名的地标，图书馆与多处教学与自习设施汇集于此。

• Greenhouses and plant-growth facilities, including those in the Lumen building, support the university's plant sciences and horticultural research.包括吕门楼在内的温室与植物培育设施，支撑着学校的植物科学与园艺研究。

• A carillon was installed on the main campus in 2018 to mark the centenary of the university, and it remains a feature of ceremonial occasions.2018 年为纪念建校百年，主校区安装了一套钟琴，至今仍是各类庆典活动的组成部分。

• The World Soil Museum and the research facilities of the institutes are located on and around the campus, keeping teaching and applied research physically close.世界土壤博物馆与各研究所的实验设施分布在校园内外，使教学与应用研究在地理上彼此紧邻。

• The campus is compact and largely walkable, and the surrounding town of some 40,000 people is dominated economically and socially by the university and its institutes.校园紧凑且大多适合步行，周边约四万人口的小城在经济与社会生活上都以这所大学及其研究所为中心。

• The university's stated ambition is a green campus, and its colours of green, light blue and soil reflect the environmental focus of its identity.学校以绿色校园为目标，其绿色、浅蓝与土壤色的校色也呼应了自身环境取向的定位。

• Wageningen lies on the north bank of the Rhine at the centre of the Netherlands, and the campus is reached by bus and by the Ede-Wageningen railway station a few kilometres away.瓦赫宁根位于荷兰中部的莱茵河北岸，前往校园可乘公交，也可借数公里外的埃德—瓦赫宁根火车站。

Reputation

• Wageningen places 154th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, joint 66th in the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking, in the 101-150 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities and 119th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 154，2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名并列第 66，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名处于 101 至 150 区间，2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 119。

• Its subject standing far exceeds its overall position: QS has placed it first in the world for agriculture and forestry for a decade, and ARWU has ranked it first in food science and technology.其学科地位远高于综合名次：QS 已连续约十年将其农业与林业列为世界第一，软科也曾把其食品科学与技术列在世界首位。

• In the 2019 U.S. News subject tables it was ranked first in the world in agricultural sciences, in plant and animal science and in environment and ecology.在 2019 年 US News 学科排名中，其农业科学、植物与动物科学以及环境与生态学均位列世界第一。

• Times Higher Education has rated it the best university in the Netherlands, and its life-sciences subject rankings have placed it inside the world's top twenty.《泰晤士高等教育》曾将其评为荷兰最佳大学，其生命科学学科排名也曾跻身世界前二十。

• The Dutch student guide Keuzegids ranked Wageningen the best university in the Netherlands for full-time education for the twentieth year in a row in 2024.在荷兰学生指南《Keuzegids》的评比中，瓦赫宁根于 2024 年连续第二十年被评为荷兰全日制教育最佳大学。

• Its research output is concentrated in agricultural, environmental and food science, fields in which its citation impact is among the highest for any institution worldwide.其科研产出集中于农业、环境与食品科学，在这些领域其引用影响力位居全球机构前列。

• Wageningen was named the most sustainable Dutch university three years running, first in 2015, on the strength of its teaching and campus policy.学校曾因其教学与校园政策连续三年被评为荷兰最具可持续性的大学，首次获奖是在 2015 年。

• The contrast between its first-place subject rankings and its mid-table overall positions reflects its specialised, life-science-only profile rather than any weakness in research quality.其学科第一与综合中游名次之间的反差，反映的是学校专注生命科学的单一学科结构，而非科研质量上的不足。

Student life

• The university's motto is to explore the potential of nature to improve the quality of life, and the organisation's mascot is the WUR wolf.学校校训为“探索自然的潜力以改善生活质量”，其机构吉祥物是 WUR 狼。

• The university's colours are green, light blue and soil, chosen to reflect its agricultural and environmental identity.学校校色为绿色、浅蓝色与土壤色，用以呼应其农业与环境的定位。

• Study associations exist for nearly every programme, from M.S.V. Alchimica for molecular life sciences, founded in 1970, to Artemis for geo-information science, established in 2023.几乎每个专业都设有学习协会，从 1970 年成立、面向分子生命科学的 Alchimica，到 2023 年成立、面向地理信息科学的 Artemis。

• Nicolas Appert, the food technology association, is named after the man credited with inventing canning, and CODON serves biotechnology and bioinformatics students.食品技术的学习协会以保鲜罐装技术的发明者尼古拉·阿佩尔命名，CODON 则服务于生物技术与生物信息学的学生。

• Semper Florens and HeerenXVII serve plant sciences and agrotechnology students, while Mercurius is the association for management, economics and consumer studies.Semper Florens 与 HeerenXVII 分别面向植物科学与农业技术的学生，墨丘利则是管理、经济与消费研究方向的协会。

• Student associations cater to regional and interest groups, including a Brabantian student guild, a Frisian student society and Paragon, the esports and board-gaming association.学生社团也服务于地域与兴趣群体，包括布拉班特学生公会、弗里斯兰学生协会，以及电子竞技与桌游协会 Paragon。

• Because Wageningen is a small town, student life is closely tied to the campus and its associations rather than to a large city, and the university is the social centre of the municipality.由于瓦赫宁根本身是座小城，学生生活更依赖校园与各类协会而非大都市，大学也因此成为该市的社会中心。

• The university has a strongly international student body, with students drawn from over a hundred countries, giving campus life a cosmopolitan character unusual for a town of its size.学校学生高度国际化，来自一百多个国家，使校园生活带有与其城镇规模不相称的世界性气息。

Notable people

• Qu Dongyu, who took office as director-general of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2019, is an alumnus and the most prominent Chinese figure associated with the university.2019 年就任联合国粮食及农业组织总干事的屈冬玉是该校校友，也是与学校相关联的最知名华人人物。

• Piet de Jong, who studied at Wageningen and later served as prime minister of the Netherlands from 1967 to 1971, is among its political alumni.曾在瓦赫宁根求学、后于 1967 至 1971 年出任荷兰首相的皮特·德容，是学校政治领域的校友之一。

• Jeroen Dijsselbloem, who chaired the Eurogroup of eurozone finance ministers from 2013 to 2018, also studied at Wageningen.2013 至 2018 年担任欧元区财长会议主席的杰伦·戴塞尔布卢姆也曾在此就读。

• Cees Veerman, minister of agriculture, nature and food quality from 2002 to 2007, and Gerrit Braks, who held the agriculture portfolio in the 1980s, are both alumni who shaped Dutch farm policy.2002 至 2007 年任农业、自然与食品质量大臣的塞斯·费尔曼，以及二十世纪八十年代主管农业的赫里特·布拉克斯，都是塑造荷兰农业政策的校友。

• Henk Vredeling served as European Commissioner for agriculture and later for employment, and Joris Voorhoeve was the Netherlands' minister of defence.亨克·弗雷达林曾先后出任欧盟农业委员与就业委员，约里斯·福尔霍弗则担任过荷兰国防大臣。

• Louise Fresco, an agricultural scientist who later led the university as its president, has been a prominent voice on global food security through her work with the United Nations.农业科学家路易丝·弗雷斯科后来出任该校校长，并因在联合国的相关工作成为全球粮食安全议题的重要声音。

• Martijn Katan is a widely cited nutrition scientist, and Willem de Vos is a microbiologist known for his work on the human gut microbiome.马丁·卡坦是广受引用的营养学家，威廉·德沃斯则是因人类肠道微生物组研究而闻名的微生物学家。

• Annemiek van Vleuten, an Olympic and world champion cyclist, studied at Wageningen, and Gerrit Hiemstra became a well-known Dutch television weather forecaster after graduating there.奥运会与世锦赛自行车冠军安娜米克·范弗勒滕曾在瓦赫宁根就读，赫里特·希姆斯特拉毕业后成为荷兰知名的电视天气播报员。

• Karel Vuursteen, a former chief executive of Heineken, and Ramsewak Shankar, a president of Suriname, are also counted among the university's alumni.喜力前首席执行官卡雷尔·武尔斯滕与苏里南前总统拉姆塞瓦克·尚卡尔也在该校校友之列。

• Hendrik de Wit, an alumnus who became a leading theoretical ecologist, and Willie Smits, a forester and conservationist working in Indonesia, represent its scientific and environmental alumni.校友亨德里克·德维特后来成为知名的理论生态学家，威利·斯米茨则是长期在印度尼西亚从事森林保护工作的林学家与保育人士。