Vytautas Magnus University

Vytautas Magnus University is a public university in Kaunas, Lithuania, and it occupies the 751-760 band of the 2027 QS World University Rankings.维陶塔斯·马格努斯大学是一所位于立陶宛考纳斯的公立大学，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 751-760 区间。

It was founded in 1922 during the interwar period as an alternative national university, and in 1930 it was renamed in honour of Vytautas the Great, the ruler whose reign saw the greatest territorial expansion in Lithuanian history.该校于两次世界大战之间的 1922 年创办，作为替代性的国立大学；1930 年，为纪念立陶宛历史上领土扩张最盛的君主维陶塔斯大帝而更名。

Its OpenAlex record lists 9,677 research works and 196,542 citations, and it teaches about 8,800 students with just over 1,000 staff and roughly 90 professors.其 OpenAlex 记录列有研究成果 9,677 项、被引 196,542 次；该校约有 8,800 名学生，教职员 1,000 余人，其中教授约 90 人，是立陶宛主要大学之一，以博雅教育模式著称。

History

• Higher education in Lithuania begins with the Jesuit academy founded at Vilnius in 1579, which became Vilnius University and was closed by Tsar Nicholas I after the November Uprising of 1832.立陶宛的高等教育始于 1579 年在维尔纽斯创建的那稣会学院，该学院后成为维尔纽斯大学，并于 1832 年十一月起义后被沙皇尼古拉一世强行关闭。

• After Lithuania declared independence in 1918 the State Council decided to re-establish Vilnius University, but Vilnius came under Polish administration and the plan could not be carried out there.1918 年立陶宛宣布独立后，国务会议决定重建维尔纽斯大学，但维尔纽斯随后处于波兰管辖之下，该计划无法在当地实施。

• In January 1920 higher courses of study were established in Kaunas, laying the foundation for a university in the provisional capital.1920 年 1 月，考纳斯开办高等教育课程，为在这座临时首都建立大学奠定了基础。

• The Lithuanian Cabinet of Ministers decided on 13 February 1922 to establish the University of Lithuania in Kaunas, and the ceremonial opening took place on 16 February 1922.1922 年 2 月 13 日，立陶宛部长会议决定在考纳斯创建立陶宛大学，并于 1922 年 2 月 16 日举行开学典礼。

• On 12 April 1922 the president of Lithuania confirmed the university's statute, which provided for six faculties.1922 年 4 月 12 日，立陶宛总统批准了大学章程，其中规定设立六个学院。

• The six faculties were theology and philosophy, humanities, law, mathematics and sciences, medicine, and technical studies.这六个学院分别为神学与哲学、人文、法学、数学与自然科学、医学以及技术学科。

• The president of the republic appointed the deans and the first five members of the teaching staff of each faculty, giving the new university its initial academic body.共和国总统任命了各学院院长以及各院首批五名教学人员，构成了这所新大学最初的师资队伍。

• An affiliated Agricultural Academy was founded in 1924 on the basis of the agronomy and forestry sections of the faculty of mathematics and sciences.1924 年，以数学与自然科学学院的农学与林学部门为基础，创办了附属农业学院。

• In 1936 a Veterinary Academy was established in the same way, on the basis of the veterinary section of the faculty of medicine.1936 年，以医学院的兽医部门为基础，又以同样方式设立了兽医学院。

• On 7 June 1930, marking the 500th anniversary of the death of Vytautas the Great, the university was renamed in his honour.1930 年 6 月 7 日，为纪念维陶塔斯大帝逝世五百周年，该校以其名更名。

• Its Latin name became Universitas Vytauti Magni, and the Lithuanian form Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas remains in use today.其拉丁文校名定为 Universitas Vytauti Magni，今日仍在使用的立陶宛文校名为「Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas」。

• During the interwar period the university was the only institution of higher education in Lithuania, and it trained the country's teachers, doctors, lawyers and engineers.在两次世界大战之间，该校是立陶宛唯一的高等学府，培养了该国的教师、医生、律师与工程师。

• In 1940 the university contributed to the re-establishment of Vilnius University, and the faculties of humanities and law moved to Vilnius in the winter of that year.1940 年，该校参与了维尔纽斯大学的重建，人文学院与法学院于当年冬季迁往维尔纽斯。

• The faculty of mathematics and sciences followed to Vilnius in the summer of 1940, after the Soviet occupation of Lithuania.在苏联占领立陶宛之后，数学与自然科学学院于 1940 年夏也迁往维尔纽斯。

• The Soviet occupation forced the university to take the name University of Kaunas in the summer of 1940.1940 年夏，苏联占领迫使该校改名为考纳斯大学。

• At the beginning of 1941 professors of the university took an active part in establishing the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.1941 年初，该校教授积极参与了立陶宛科学院的创建工作。

• After the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, the Lithuanian Provisional Government restored the name Vytautas Magnus University.1941 年夏纳粹德国入侵苏联之后，立陶宛临时政府恢复了维陶塔斯·马格努斯大学之名。

• The German occupation government closed the university in March 1943 after Lithuanians refused to form an SS battalion.因立陶宛人拒绝组建党卫军部队，德国占领当局于 1943 年 3 月关闭了这所大学。

• The Soviet authorities of Lithuania reopened the university in the autumn of 1944, establishing faculties of history and philology, medicine, construction and technology.1944 年秋，苏联治下的立陶宛当局重新开办该校，设立历史与语文学、医学、建筑及技术等学院。

• The transfer of the faculty of philosophy to Vilnius led to the closure of the University of Kaunas in the autumn of 1949.由于哲学学院迁往维尔纽斯，考纳斯大学于 1949 年秋被撤销。

• On 31 October 1950 the institution was restructured into the Kaunas Polytechnic Institute and the Kaunas Medical Institute, ending its existence as a university for nearly four decades.1950 年 10 月 31 日，该校被改组为考纳斯理工学院与考纳斯医学院，其大学建制中断近四十年。

• The government passed the law re-establishing Vytautas Magnus University on 4 July 1989, and the cabinet registered its temporary statute later that month.政府于 1989 年 7 月 4 日通过重建维陶塔斯·马格努斯大学的法律，部长会议同月下旬核准了其临时章程。

• The first academic year of the re-established university began on 1 September 1989 in the faculties of economics, humanities and sciences.重建后的第一个学年于 1989 年 9 月 1 日开始，设有经济、人文与自然科学三个学院。

• The re-established university was the second in Soviet-occupied Lithuania and the first higher-education institution independent of governmental institutions, taking academic freedom as its central principle.重建后的该校是苏联占领下立陶宛的第二所大学，也是第一所独立于政府机构的高等学府，并以学术自由为核心原则。

• In 1990 a common programme in the humanities and general education was introduced for the first two years of all students, aiming to develop free and creative graduates.1990 年，该校为全体学生前两年开设人文与通识的共同课程，旨在培养自由而富有创造力的毕业生。

• In 1991 it became the first university in Lithuania to adopt a multi-level study system leading to bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees.1991 年，该校成为立陶宛第一所采用多层次学位体系的大学，可授予学士、硕士与博士学位。

Academics

• The university is organised into faculties of economics and management, natural sciences, humanities, informatics, Catholic theology, arts, political science and diplomacy, social sciences and law.该校设有经济与管理、自然科学、人文、信息学、天主教神学、艺术、政治学与外交、社会科学以及法学等学院。

• It also includes institutes of innovation studies and foreign languages, an agriculture academy, an education academy and a music academy.该校还设有创新研究所与外国语研究所，以及农业学院、教育学院与音乐学院。

• Its music academy dates from the merger in 2011 of the Kaunas faculty of the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre. and it trains performers, teachers of music and musicologists in Kaunas其音乐学院源自 2011 年立陶宛音乐与戏剧学院考纳斯分院并入该校。 该院在考纳斯培养演奏者、音乐教师与音乐学家

• The agriculture academy and the education academy were formed in 2019 when Aleksandras Stulginskis University and the Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences merged into the university.农业学院与教育学院于 2019 年由亚历山德拉斯·斯图尔金斯基斯大学与立陶宛教育科学大学并入该校后形成。

• The Catholic theology faculty was constituted in 1994 when the Vatican merged its faculties of Catholic theology with the interdiocesan seminary of Kaunas.天主教神学院于 1994 年由梵蒂冈将其天主教神学院与考纳斯跨教区修院合并而成。

• The university owns a botanical garden in Kaunas that supports teaching and research in botany and horticulture.该校在考纳斯拥有一座植物园，支撑植物学与园艺学的教学与研究。

• It teaches about 8,800 students and employs just over 1,000 staff, including roughly 90 professors, with 481 academic staff in total. and its liberal arts model requires general courses alongside the specialisation该校约有 8,800 名学生，教职员 1,000 余人，其中教授约 90 人，学术人员合计 481 人。 其博雅教育模式要求学生在专业之外修读通识课程

• Degrees are awarded at bachelor's, master's and doctoral level, and the university was the first in Lithuania to adopt that multi-level structure in 1991.其学位授予涵盖学士、硕士与博士层次；1991 年该校是立陶宛第一所采用该多层次结构的大学。

• The university follows a liberal arts model, requiring students to take general courses alongside their specialisation.该校采用博雅教育模式，要求学生在专业之外修读通识课程。

• Teaching is conducted mainly in Lithuanian, with English-taught programmes for international students in business, the humanities and the social sciences.教学主要以立陶宛语进行，并在商科、人文与社会科学领域为国际学生开设英语授课项目。

• OpenAlex records 9,677 research works and 196,542 citations for the university, with output concentrated in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences.OpenAlex 记录该校研究成果 9,677 项、被引 196,542 次，产出集中于人文、社会科学与自然科学。

• Research is organised in faculty departments and institutes, and the university takes part in Lithuanian and European research programmes.其研究在各院系与研究所开展，并参与立陶宛与欧洲的研究计划，重点领域包括立陶宛语文学、历史、神学、信息学与环境科学。

• The university participates in the Erasmus programme and in the Campus Europae network, and it has agreements with universities across Europe and beyond. and it hosts international students from across Europe and beyond该校参与伊拉斯谟计划与「欧洲校园」网络，并与欧洲及更广地区的大学签有协议。 并接收来自欧洲及更广地区的国际学生

• Its academic staff includes researchers in Lithuanian philology, history, theology, informatics, economics and the environmental sciences.其学术人员包括立陶宛语文学、历史、神学、信息学、经济学与环境科学领域的研究者。

• The university awards scholarships and offers dormitory places to support students from across Lithuania and from abroad.该校提供奖学金与宿舍名额，以资助来自立陶宛各地及海外的学生。

• Its regional academies teach agriculture, forestry and education, extending the university beyond Kaunas to other parts of Lithuania.其地区性学院教授农业、林业与教育，把该校的影响从考纳斯延伸到立陶宛其他地区。

Campus

• The main campus lies in Kaunas at approximately 54.90 degrees north and 23.91 degrees east, in the centre of Lithuania's second city.主校区位于考纳斯，坐标约为北纬 54.90 度、东经 23.91 度，地处立陶宛第二大城市中心。

• Teaching and research buildings, a library, dormitories and administrative offices are grouped in the central campus area of Kaunas.教学与研究楼宇、图书馆、宿舍与行政机构集中在考纳斯的中心校区一带。

• The university's botanical garden in Kaunas holds plant collections used for teaching, research and public education.该校位于考纳斯的植物园收藏用于教学、研究与公众教育的植物，是立陶宛历史最久的植物园之一。

• The agriculture academy is based outside the city, where its farm and field facilities support teaching in agriculture and forestry.农业学院设在市外，其农场与田间设施支撑农业与林业教学。

• The music academy occupies premises in Kaunas inherited from the Lithuanian Academy of Music and Theatre after the 2011 merger.音乐学院使用 2011 年合并后承自立陶宛音乐与戏剧学院的考纳斯校舍。

• Dormitories are provided for students on and near the campus, and others live in private accommodation across Kaunas.学校在校园内及附近提供宿舍，其他学生则住在考纳斯各地的私人房源。

• Kaunas is served by rail, road and an airport, and the campus is within reach of Vilnius, about a hundred kilometres away.考纳斯有铁路、公路与机场，校区距约一百公里外的维尔纽斯亦在可达范围内；该市在两次世界大战之间曾是立陶宛首都，这也是大学于 1922 年设于此地的原因。

• The city's interwar architecture, its old town and its museums give students a setting tied to the university's own interwar origins.该市两次世界大战之间的建筑、老城与博物馆，为学生提供了与其建校年代相呼应的环境。

• The university's facilities include lecture halls, laboratories, a library and sports grounds, distributed across its Kaunas site and regional academies.其设施包括讲堂、实验室、图书馆与运动场，分布于考纳斯校区与各地区学院。

• Its central location in Kaunas places the university within walking distance of the city's cultural institutions and its principal public spaces.校区地处考纳斯中心，距该市的文化机构与主要公共空间均在步行范围内。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings Vytautas Magnus University is placed in the 751-760 band, according to the official ranking table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，维陶塔斯·马格努斯大学处于 751-760 区间。此排名以官方榜单为准。^[1]

• It stands in the 1401-1600 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and is 1914th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 1401-1600 区间，并在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 1914。

• In the 2020 QS World University Rankings the university was placed in the 801-1000 band, its position in that edition of the table.在 2020 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校处于 801-1000 区间，即其在该版榜单中的座次。

• It is one of the leading universities of Lithuania and is known particularly for the humanities, the social sciences and its liberal arts model. and it was the first Lithuanian university to introduce multi-level degrees in 1991该校是立陶宛的领先大学之一，尤以人文、社会科学及其博雅教育模式著称。 并于 1991 年成为立陶宛第一所引入多层次学位的大学

• OpenAlex attributes 9,677 works and 196,542 citations to the university, with output concentrated in the humanities, social sciences and natural sciences.OpenAlex 记录该校成果 9,677 项、被引 196,542 次，产出集中于人文、社会科学与自然科学。

• The re-established university of 1989 was the first higher-education institution in Soviet-occupied Lithuania independent of governmental institutions.1989 年重建的该校是苏联占领下立陶宛第一所独立于政府机构的高等学府。

• Its interwar predecessor was the only institution of higher education in Lithuania and trained the country's professional and cultural elite.其两次世界大战之间的前身曾是立陶宛唯一的高等学府，培养出该国的专业与文化精英。

• In 1991 it was the first Lithuanian university to introduce bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels in a single study system.1991 年，该校成为立陶宛第一所在一套培养体系中同时设置学士、硕士与博士层次的大学。

• Its mergers of 2011 and 2019 extended its portfolio into music, agriculture and education, widening its national role.2011 与 2019 年的两次并入，把其学科扩展到音乐、农业与教育领域，扩大了其全国性作用。

• The university's botanical garden and its academies give it a regional presence beyond Kaunas and beyond the classical disciplines.其植物园与各专业学院，使其在考纳斯之外、在传统学科之外也具有区域影响。

Student life

• The university does not promote a single formal motto, and its identity rests on its Latin name Universitas Vytauti Magni and its interwar origin.该校不宣扬单一的正式校训，其身份认同建立在拉丁文校名 Universitas Vytauti Magni 与其建校年代之上。

• Since 1990 all students have taken common courses in the humanities and general education during their first two years, a distinctive feature of the university.自 1990 年起，全体学生在前两年均须修读人文与通识共同课程，这是该校的一大特色。

• Student life is organised through faculty societies, a student council, cultural groups and sports clubs based in Kaunas.学生生活通过设在考纳斯的院系社团、学生会、文化团体与体育俱乐部展开。

• International students, particularly in English-taught programmes, form a growing part of the student community and take part in the Erasmus scheme.国际学生——尤其是英语授课项目中的学生——在学生社群中占比日增，并参与伊拉斯谟计划。

• Sports and recreation are supported by university facilities in Kaunas and by the city's parks and riverbank recreation areas.体育与休闲由考纳斯的校内设施以及该市公园与河滨休闲区支持。

• Students participate in Lithuanian student traditions, including the start-of-year ceremonies and the country's song and dance festivals.学生参与立陶宛的学生传统，包括学年开学典礼与该国的歌舞节。

• The university's academies for agriculture, education and music give students in those fields their own campuses and student communities.其农业、教育与音乐学院为相应领域的学生提供了各自校区与学生社群。

• The botanical garden and the university museums serve as sites for student practical work and public events.植物园与校内博物馆是学生实践与公众活动的场所。

• Its alumni network is concentrated in Lithuanian education, culture, public administration and business, and the university maintains graduate associations.其校友网络集中于立陶宛的教育、文化、公共行政与商界，学校并设有毕业生协会。

Notable people

• Zigmas Žemaitis, a mathematician, initiated the higher courses of 1920 that led to the university's foundation and later headed its faculty of mathematics and natural sciences.数学家齐格马斯·热迈蒂斯发起 1920 年的高等教育课程，促成该校的创建，其后主持其数学与自然科学学院。

• Aleksandras Stulginskis, president of Lithuania, appointed the first deans and teaching staff of the University of Lithuania in 1922, and his name is borne by the agricultural university merged into VMU in 2019.立陶宛总统亚历山德拉斯·斯图尔金斯基斯于 1922 年任命了立陶宛大学的首批院长与教学人员；2019 年并入该校的农业大学即以他命名。

• Kazimieras Būga, the linguist and lexicographer of the Lithuanian language, was a professor at the university in the 1920s and shaped Lithuanian philology there.立陶宛语语言学家与辞书编纂者卡齐米耶拉斯·布加在 1920 年代任该校教授，奠定了该校的立陶宛语文学研究。

• Tadas Ivanauskas, a biologist and founder of Lithuanian nature research, was a professor at the university and established its zoological collections.生物学家、立陶宛自然研究奠基人塔达斯·伊万纳乌斯卡斯任该校教授，并建立了其动物学收藏。

• Mykolas Biržiška, a literary historian and political figure, taught Lithuanian literature at the university during the interwar period.文学史家与政治人物米科拉斯·比尔日什卡在两次世界大战之间于该校教授立陶宛文学。

• Vincas Krėvė-Mickevičius, a writer and scholar of Slavic literature, taught at the university and served in its academic leadership.作家与斯拉夫文学学者温查斯·克雷韦-米茨克维丘斯曾在该校任教，并担任学术领导职务。

• Vytautas the Great, the fifteenth-century ruler after whom the university is named, is commemorated in its name and in its annual ceremonies.该校所纪念的十五世纪君主维陶塔斯大帝，其名见于校名，也在其年度典礼中被追念。

• Juozas Augutis, a mathematician and energy researcher, serves as rector of the university and has led its recent academic development.数学家与能源研究者尤奥扎斯·奥古蒂斯现任该校校长，主导其近年的学术发展。

• Its interwar professors trained a generation of Lithuanian doctors, lawyers, teachers and engineers in the only university of the period.其两次世界大战之间的教授们在这所当时唯一的大学里，培养了一代立陶宛医生、律师、教师与工程师。

• Alumni of the re-established university work in Lithuanian government, universities, schools, cultural institutions and business.重建后的该校校友供职于立陶宛政府、高校、中小学、文化机构与商界。

• The university's graduates in agriculture, forestry and education, trained at its regional academies, serve across rural Lithuania.在该校地区性学院受训的农业、林业与教育专业毕业生，服务于立陶宛各地乡村。