Vienna University of Technology

The Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) is a public research university in Vienna, Austria, with teaching and research concentrated on engineering, computer science and the natural sciences.维也纳工业大学（TU Wien）是奥地利维也纳的一所公立研究型大学，教学与研究集中于工程学、计算机科学与自然科学。

It was founded in 1815 by Emperor Francis I as the Imperial and Royal Polytechnic Institute, was renamed the Vienna Technical College in 1872 and took its present title in 1975, making it a distinct institution from the older University of Vienna.该校 1815 年由皇帝弗朗茨一世创办，初名帝国与王国理工学院，1872 年改称维也纳工学院，1975 年定名为维也纳工业大学；它与历史更悠久的维也纳大学是两所彼此独立的学校。

TU Wien placed in the 301-400 band of the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 and 301-325 in the Times Higher Education ranking for 2027, took 550th place in the U.S. News global ranking for 2026-2027, and was not listed in the QS World University Rankings 2027.维也纳工业大学在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列第 301-400 名区间，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列第 301-325 名区间，在 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学排名中位列第 550 名，未进入 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名。

History

• Emperor Francis I of Austria founded the institution in 1815 as the k.k. Polytechnisches Institut, the Imperial and Royal Polytechnic Institute, a state establishment for technical education rather than a traditional university.1815 年 1 月 2 日，奥地利皇帝弗朗茨一世创办帝国与王国理工学院，这是一所从事技术教育的国立机构，而非传统意义上的大学。
• Its first rector was Johann Joseph von Prechtl, a technologist who shaped the institute in its opening decades and gave it the practical, applied character it retained after 1975.首任校长为技术学家约翰·约瑟夫·冯·普雷希特尔，他在建院最初数十年间塑造了这所学校，并赋予其此后一直延续的实用与应用取向。
• The institute became the Technische Hochschule in 1872, a title that acknowledged its rank as a technical college, and it was renamed Technische Universität Wien in 1975 when it gained full university status.学院于 1872 年改称「工学院」，这一名称确认了其技术高等学校的地位；1975 年获得完整大学地位后，正式更名为维也纳工业大学。
• The succession of names, from polytechnic institute to technical college to technical university, tracks the rise of engineering education in Austria from vocational training to doctoral-granting scholarship.从理工学院到工学院再到工业大学，名称的递变记录了奥地利工程教育从职业训练走向可授予博士学位的学术体系的历程。
• The university library was founded in 1815 together with the institute and is therefore as old as the institution it serves.大学图书馆与学院同在 1815 年创办，因此与它所服务的机构同龄。
• The library moved into its present main building in 1987, a structure designed by Justus Dahinden with partners and decorated with owl sculptures by the Swiss artist Bruno Weber.图书馆于 1987 年迁入现在的主楼，该建筑由尤斯图斯·达欣登及合作者设计，外墙饰有瑞士艺术家布鲁诺·韦伯的猫头鹰雕塑。
• The main building stands on Karlsplatz in central Vienna beside the Karlskirche, and the pairing of baroque church and nineteenth-century technical school has become one of the city's familiar views.主楼位于维也纳市中心的卡尔广场，紧邻查理教堂；巴洛克教堂与 19 世纪技术学校并立的景象，已成为这座城市为人熟悉的画面之一。
• Elfriede Tungl, a civil engineer, became the first Austrian woman to earn a doctorate in civil engineering and in 1973 the first woman appointed associate professor at TU Wien.土木工程师埃尔弗里德·通格尔是奥地利首位获得土木工程博士学位的女性，并于 1973 年成为维也纳工业大学首位女副教授。
• Ina Wagner, a physicist and sociologist, held a professorship in computer science from 1987 to 2011 and was only the second woman to become a professor at the university.物理学家与社会学家伊娜·瓦格纳 1987 年至 2011 年任计算机科学教授，是该校历史上第二位女教授。
• Peter Skalicky was rector from 1991 to 2011, a twenty-year tenure that spanned the university's reorganisation under Austria's 2002 Universities Act.彼得·斯卡利茨基 1991 年至 2011 年担任校长，二十年的任期跨越了奥地利 2002 年《大学法》带来的学校重组。
• In October 2007 the university hosted the IFIUS World Interuniversity Games, an international multi-sport event organised by the International Federation for Interuniversity Sport.2007 年 10 月，学校承办了世界校际运动会（IFIUS），这是一项面向高校代表队参加的国际综合性运动会。
• The university marked its bicentenary in 2015, two hundred years after its foundation by imperial decree.2015 年，学校迎来建校两百周年，距弗朗茨一世签署建校文件已过去两百年。
• Ferenc Krausz, who studied at TU Wien, shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for experimental methods that produce attosecond pulses of light used to observe the motion of electrons, the university's most recent Nobel connection.曾就读于维也纳工业大学的费伦茨·克劳斯因阿秒脉冲研究分享 2023 年诺贝尔物理学奖，这是该校最新的诺贝尔奖渊源。
• TU Wien is governed by a rector and four vice-rectors for research, academic affairs, finance and human resources, with a 26-member senate and a seven-member university council.自 1975 年取得大学地位以来，学校由校长和主管科研、教务、财务与人事的四名副校长领导，另设 26 名成员的评议会与 7 名成员的校务委员会。
• The university council acts as a supervisory board, while the senate carries the academic self-government exercised by the university's professors and students.校务委员会充当监督机构，评议会则承担奥地利高校在 20 世纪后期重新获得的学术自治职能。
• TU Wien describes its purpose today as research and teaching under the slogan Technology for People, a formulation that appears throughout its official communications.维也纳工业大学如今以「技术为人」为口号表述其办学宗旨，这一说法出现在学校的各类官方文本中。
• The institution has remained in public ownership throughout its history, funded by the Austrian state rather than by tuition or private endowment.该校在历史上始终为公有，由奥地利国家提供经费，而非依靠学费或私人捐赠。
• Its historical continuity is unusual among technical universities in that the 1815 polytechnic, the 1872 technical college and the 1975 university occupy the same institutional line.该校的历史连续性在工科大学中较为少见：1815 年的理工学院、1872 年的工学院与 1975 年的工业大学属于同一条机构脉络。

Academics

• TU Wien is organised into eight faculties, each led by a dean: Architecture and Planning, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Computer Sciences, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Mathematics and Geoinformation, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, and Physics.学校设八个学院，各由院长领导：建筑与规划、化学、土木工程、计算机科学、电气工程与信息技术、数学与地理信息、机械与工业工程以及物理。
• Each faculty is headed by a dean and sends representatives to the 26-member senate, which shares academic governance with the rectorate and the university council.各学院由院长领导，并向 26 人组成的评议会派出代表，评议会与校长办公会、校务委员会共同分担学术治理。
• About 27,000 students are enrolled, roughly 29 per cent of them women, and the university employs some 5,000 staff, of whom about 3,800 work in academic roles.学校在校生约 2.81 万人，其中女性约占 29%；教职工约 5000 人，其中约 3800 人从事学术工作。
• The university's research profile is defined by five competence fields: computational science and engineering, quantum physics and quantum technologies, materials and matter, information and communication technology, and energy and environment.学校的研究轮廓由五个能力领域界定：计算科学与工程、量子物理与量子技术、材料与物质、信息与通信技术，以及能源与环境。
• Interdisciplinary collaboration centres and sharply defined competence fields were introduced to concentrate resources, replacing a model in which every institute pursued its own agenda.学校设立跨学科协作中心并明确界定能力领域，以集中资源，取代过去各研究所各自为政的模式。
• Teaching ranges from abstract pure research and the fundamentals of science to applied technological research carried out in partnership with industry.教学范围从抽象的基础研究与科学基本原理，一直延伸到与产业合作开展的应用技术研究。
• The EU Research Support office advises researchers and administrators on preparing and running European Union research projects, a function that has become central to the university's funding.欧盟研究支持办公室为科研人员与管理人员提供欧盟项目申报与执行的咨询，这一职能已成为学校经费结构的关键环节。
• Research is carried out through cooperative projects with other universities, independent research institutes and companies, a framework organised by the university's research division.科研通过与其他高校、独立研究机构及企业的合作项目开展，这一框架由学校的研究管理部门组织。
• The faculty of computer sciences has been consistently placed among the world's top 100 by the QS World University Rankings and by Times Higher Education.计算机科学学院长期被 QS 世界大学排名与泰晤士高等教育列入世界前 100。
• Architecture and planning is one of the eight faculties and draws on a Viennese tradition associated with the urban theorist Camillo Sitte.建筑与规划是八个学院之一，其学脉承接了奥托·瓦格纳与卡米洛·西特塑造现代城市设计的维也纳传统。
• Mathematics and geoinformation forms a single faculty, combining pure and applied mathematics with surveying and geospatial science.数学与地理信息合为一个学院，把纯数学与应用数学同测量学、地理空间科学结合在一起。
• Five of the eight faculties are engineering or architecture schools, with chemistry, mathematics and geoinformation, and physics completing the set.机械与工业工程、电气工程与信息技术以及土木工程，是学生人数最多的几个工程学院。
• Chemistry is taught as technical chemistry, linking molecular science to industrial process engineering.技术化学在化学学院内教授，把分子科学与工业过程工程连接起来。
• The university library supports study and research with six floors of open-access shelving and reading rooms and around 700 study desks, and it holds the collections assembled since 1815.大学图书馆以六层开架书库与阅览区、约 700 个自习座位，为学习与研究提供支持。
• Continuing education is delivered through a dedicated centre offering MBA and MSc programmes as well as shorter certified courses.继续教育由专门的中心承担，开设 MBA 与 MSc 项目以及较短的认证课程。
• The TISS campus information system carries course catalogues, timetables and the university's publications database for students and staff.校园信息系统 TISS 为学生与教职工提供课程目录、课表以及学校的成果数据库。
• Doctoral education and habilitations are organised within the eight faculties, which award the degrees under Austrian federal law.博士培养与教授资格评审在八个学院内组织，依奥地利联邦法律授予相应学位。

Campus

• The university's main building fronts Karlsplatz in the first district of Vienna, next to the Karlskirche and within the historic Ringstrasse zone.学校主楼正面朝向维也纳第一区的卡尔广场，紧邻查理教堂，地处环城大道历史街区之内。
• TU Wien has no walled single campus: its buildings are spread through the central districts around Karlsplatz and Getreidemarkt, interleaved with the city street grid.维也纳工业大学没有围墙围合的单一校园，其建筑散布在卡尔广场与谷物市场一带的中心城区，与城市路网交织。
• The Freihaus, a large building a short walk from the main building, is one of the university's principal teaching sites.弗赖豪斯是一座大型教学楼，距主楼步行可达，内设阶梯教室、实验室与学生设施。
• The Getreidemarkt site concentrates energy and mechanical engineering, and includes a plus-energy office high-rise used by an energy research institute.谷物市场院区集中了能源与机械工程方面的机构，其中一座产能大于耗能的办公高层由能源研究所使用。
• The former Geniedirektion building now accommodates university institutes and preserves the institution's nineteenth-century architectural layer.原军事工程总监署建筑「老热尼迪雷克齐翁」如今容纳多个研究所，保存了学校 19 世纪的建筑层次。
• The library building, completed in 1987, is one of the few purpose-built structures on the campus and is recognisable by Bruno Weber's owl sculptures on its facade.1987 年落成的图书馆是校园内少数专门建造的建筑之一，其立面由布鲁诺·韦伯的猫头鹰雕塑装点，十分醒目。
• Inside, the library offers six floors of open stacks and reading rooms, with around 700 desks for students and staff.图书馆内部设有六层开架书库与阅览区，提供约 700 个供师生使用的座位。
• The main building's position beside the Karlskirche places the university at one of Vienna's most photographed squares, at the southern edge of the inner city.主楼与查理教堂比邻的位置，使学校坐落在内城南缘、维也纳被拍摄最多的广场之一。
• Because teaching is distributed across several addresses, students move between buildings scattered through the inner city rather than within a single quadrangle.由于教学分布于多个地址，学生在平常一周内需在第一区、第四区与第六区之间往返上课。
• Vienna, the Austrian capital on the Danube, is the country's largest city, the seat of the federal government that funds the university and one of the great centres of Central European architecture.维也纳位于多瑙河畔，是奥地利首都，为学校提供了交通、文化机构以及支撑其产业合作的工程企业集群。

Reputation

• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 TU Wien sits in the 301-400 band, and Times Higher Education placed it at 301-325 for 2027, its strongest position in the four rankings tracked here.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，维也纳工业大学位于第 301-400 名区间；泰晤士高等教育 2027 年排名将其列在第 301-325 名区间，这是它在本文所列四大榜单中的最好位次。
• U.S. News ranked it 550th globally for 2026-2027, while the QS World University Rankings 2027 did not include the university.U.S. News 在 2026-2027 年度将其排在全球第 550 名，而 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名未收录该校。
• Its computer science department has repeatedly appeared among the world's top 100 in both the QS and Times Higher Education subject rankings.该校计算机科学系多次同时进入 QS 与泰晤士高等教育的学科排名世界前 100。
• Ferenc Krausz, an alumnus, shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for experimental methods generating attosecond pulses of light.校友费伦茨·克劳斯因产生阿秒光脉冲的实验方法分享 2023 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• The Doppler effect takes its name from Christian Doppler, who taught at the institution, and the Kaplan turbine from Viktor Kaplan, who studied and taught there.多普勒效应得名于曾在该校任教的克里斯蒂安·多普勒，卡普兰水轮机则得名于在此学习与任教的维克托·卡普兰。
• Paul Eisler, an alumnus, invented the printed circuit board, and Gottfried Ungerboeck, another graduate, invented trellis modulation and became an IBM Fellow.校友保罗·艾斯勒发明了印刷电路板，另一位毕业生戈特弗里德·昂格伯克发明了格状编码调制并成为 IBM 院士。
• Ingeborg Hochmair, an electrical engineer trained at TU Wien, developed the first microelectronic multi-channel cochlear implant and co-founded the company that manufactures it.在维也纳工业大学接受电气工程训练的英格博格·霍赫迈尔研制出首款微电子多通道人工耳蜗，并参与创办生产该装置的公司。
• Heinz Zemanek, a computer pioneer, and Herman Potočnik, the Slovene space theorist, both belong to the university's roll of alumni.计算机先驱海因茨·泽马内克与斯洛文尼亚航天理论家赫尔曼·波托奇尼克，都名列该校校友之中。
• English-language sources sometimes render the name as the Technical University of Vienna, although the university itself uses TU Wien, and it is a member of TU Austria, the association that links it with the Graz University of Technology and the University of Leoben.维也纳工业大学是「TU Austria」成员，该联盟联结奥地利的三所技术大学。
• Its profile differs from that of a comprehensive university: the ranking bands it occupies are earned by a institution that teaches only technical and scientific subjects.该校的声誉建立在工程学科而非学科广度之上，其在建筑、土木与电气工程领域的地位比现今衡量它的任何全球排名都更久远。

Student life

• Some 27,000 students are enrolled, about 29 per cent of them women, and roughly 28 per cent of the student body comes from outside Austria.学校在校生约 2.81 万人，女性约占 29%，另有约 28% 的学生来自奥地利以外。
• Students are distributed across the eight faculties, from architecture and civil engineering to physics, chemistry and mathematics.学生分布于八个学院，从建筑与土木工程到物理、化学与数学。
• The university hosted the IFIUS World Interuniversity Games in October 2007, bringing student teams from many countries to Vienna for a multi-sport competition.2007 年 10 月，学校承办世界校际运动会，来自多国的学生代表队齐聚维也纳参加多项体育比赛。
• The library's 700 study desks and six floors of reading rooms serve as the main indoor study space in a university without a conventional campus.在一个没有传统校园的大学里，图书馆六层阅览区与 700 个座位构成了主要的室内学习空间。
• Course registration, timetables and examination results run through the TISS information system, which students use throughout their degrees.选课、课表与考试成绩均通过 TISS 信息系统办理，学生在整个学业期间都依赖该系统。
• Continuing education students take MBA and MSc programmes at the university's dedicated centre, often while working in industry.继续教育学生在学校的专门中心攻读 MBA 与 MSc 项目，许多人同时在职工作。
• The concentration of buildings around Karlsplatz and Getreidemarkt means students spend much of the day in the middle of Vienna rather than on a suburban campus.建筑集中于卡尔广场与谷物市场一带，意味着学生一天中的大部分时间都在维也纳市中心度过，而非在郊区校园。
• Student life draws on Vienna's cultural institutions, and the central location puts concert halls, museums and the Ringstrasse within walking distance of lectures.学生生活受益于这座城市的文化机构，学校自身的日程也包括传统的学年开学典礼与 2015 年的两百周年庆典。

Notable people

• Johann Joseph von Prechtl, the first rector, directed the polytechnic in its formative years and is remembered as the organiser of its early curriculum.首任校长约翰·约瑟夫·冯·普雷希特尔在学院形成期主持校务，被视为早期课程体系的设计者。
• Christian Doppler, the physicist who described the Doppler effect, taught at the institution in the nineteenth century.提出多普勒效应的物理学家克里斯蒂安·多普勒，19 世纪曾在该校任教。
• Viktor Kaplan, inventor of the Kaplan turbine, is listed among the university's faculty and alumni.卡普兰水轮机的发明者维克托·卡普兰曾在该校学习，其后又在此任教。
• Camillo Sitte, the Austrian architect and urban theorist, is listed among the university's notable figures.建筑与城市理论家卡米洛·西特以其著作塑造了现代城市规划，是与该校相关的奥地利建筑师。
• Paul Eisler, who invented the printed circuit, is listed among the university's alumni.20 世纪 40 年代发明印刷电路板的保罗·艾斯勒，在移居国外前于维也纳接受工程师训练。
• Ferenc Krausz, born in 1962, studied at TU Wien and shared the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physics for attosecond physics.1962 年出生的费伦茨·克劳斯曾就读于维也纳工业大学，因阿秒物理研究分享 2023 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Ingeborg Hochmair, born in 1953, developed the first microelectronic multi-channel cochlear implant and became one of the university's best-known engineers.1953 年出生的英格博格·霍赫迈尔研制出首款微电子多通道人工耳蜗，是该校最知名的工程师之一。
• Heinz Zemanek, 1920 to 2014, was an Austrian computer pioneer associated with the university's computing tradition.海因茨·泽马内克（1920 至 2014 年）是奥地利计算机先驱，与该校的计算传统紧密相关。
• Gottfried Ungerboeck, born in 1940, invented trellis modulation and was named an IBM Fellow.1940 年出生的戈特弗里德·昂格伯克发明了格状编码调制，并当选 IBM 院士。
• Ferdinand Piëch, 1937 to 2019, was an Austrian engineer and business executive who chaired the supervisory board of the Volkswagen Group.费迪南德·皮耶希（1937 至 2019 年）是奥地利工程师与企业高管，曾任大众集团监事会主席。
• Milutin Milanković, 1879 to 1958, was a Serbian geophysicist and civil engineer listed among the university's alumni.米卢廷·米兰科维奇（1879 至 1958 年）是塞尔维亚地球物理学家与土木工程师，以其冰期理论闻名。
• Richard von Mises, 1883 to 1953, was a scientist counted among the university's notable faculty and alumni.理查德·冯·米泽斯（1883 至 1953 年）是在力学与概率论方面影响 20 世纪工程学的科学家。
• Elfriede Tungl, 1922 to 1981, was the first Austrian woman to earn a doctorate in civil engineering and the university's first female associate professor in 1973.埃尔弗里德·通格尔（1922 至 1981 年）是奥地利首位土木工程女博士，并于 1973 年成为该校首位女副教授。
• Ina Wagner, born in 1946, was professor of computer science from 1987 to 2011 and only the second woman to hold a professorship at TU Wien.1946 年出生的伊娜·瓦格纳 1987 年至 2011 年任计算机科学教授，是维也纳工业大学历史上第二位女教授。
• Peter Skalicky, born in 1941, served as rector from 1991 to 2011.1941 年出生的彼得·斯卡利茨基 1991 年至 2011 年任校长，是该校近代史上任期最长的校长。
• Herman Potočnik, 1892 to 1929, was a Slovene space pioneer listed among the university's alumni.赫尔曼·波托奇尼克（1892 至 1929 年）是斯洛文尼亚航天先驱，其著作预见了地球同步卫星的设想。
• Alfred Preis, 1911 to 1993, designed the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, and Anna Kiesenhofer, an alumna, won an Olympic gold medal.阿尔弗雷德·普赖斯（1911 至 1993 年）设计了珍珠港的亚利桑那号战列舰纪念馆；校友安娜·基森霍夫则获得公路自行车奥运金牌。
• Ulrike Diebold, born in 1961, is a physicist and vice-president of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and Günter Blöschl, born in 1961, is a hydrologist.1961 年出生的乌尔丽克·迪博尔德是表面物理学家、奥地利科学院副院长；京特·布勒施尔则是以洪水研究著称的水文学家。
• Tillman Gerngross, professor of engineering at Dartmouth College in the United States, founded the biotechnology companies GlycoFi and Adimab.蒂尔曼·格恩格罗斯是美国达特茅斯学院工程学教授，创办了生物技术公司 GlycoFi 与 Adimab。