Vanderbilt University

Vanderbilt University is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee, United States, founded in 1873 and named for shipping and railroad magnate Cornelius Vanderbilt, who gave the school an initial endowment of $1 million.范德比尔特大学（Vanderbilt University）是位于美国田纳西州纳什维尔的一所私立研究型大学，创办于 1873 年，以航运与铁路大亨康内留斯·范德比尔特命名，他为学校提供了 100 万美元的初始捐赠基金。

It comprises four undergraduate schools and colleges and six graduate and professional schools, enrols about 13,800 students from all 50 states and more than 70 countries, and is classified among R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity.该校下设四个本科学院与六个研究生及专业学院，在校生约 13,800 人，来自全美 50 个州和七十多个国家，被归类为科研活动极高的 R1 类博士大学。

It is placed 265th in the QS World University Rankings 2027, joint 92nd in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, 68th in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 and 66th in the Shanghai ARWU 2026.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 265 位，2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名并列第 92 位，《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学排名第 68 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 66 位。

History

• Before the American Civil War of 1861-1865 the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, wanted a regional university for training ministers, and in 1872 its leaders voted to found The Central University of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, in Nashville.在 1861-1865 年美国南北战争之前，南方监理会就希望设立一所培养传教士的地区性大学，1872 年其领袖们投票决定在纳什维尔创办「南方监理会附属中央大学」。
• Nashville bishop Holland Nimmons McTyeire persuaded Cornelius Vanderbilt, then the wealthiest man in the United States, to donate 500,000 to endow Central University, a sum he later increased to1 million.纳什维尔教区主教荷兰·尼蒙斯·麦克泰尔说服当时全美首富康内留斯·范德比尔特捐出 50 万美元资助中央大学，他后来将捐款增加到 100 万美元。
• Although Vanderbilt never asked that the school bear his name, McTyeire and his fellow trustees rechristened it in his honour in the spring of 1873, and it acquired land from Confederate Congressman Henry S. Foote.尽管范德比尔特从未要求学校以其命名，麦克泰尔与其他校董仍在 1873 年春以他的名义为学校重新命名，并从邦联国会议员亨利·S·富特手中购得土地。
• The first building, the Main Building later known as Kirkland Hall, was designed by William Crawford Smith and its construction began in 1874.第一座建筑是主楼（后称克尔克兰楼），由威廉·克劳福德·史密斯设计，1874 年动工。
• In the fall of 1875 about 200 students enrolled and the university was dedicated in October, with McTyeire named chairman of the Board of Trust for life.1875 年秋约有 200 名学生入学，学校于 10 月举行落成典礼，麦克泰尔被任命为终身信托委员会主席。
• McTyeire appointed Landon Garland, his mentor at Randolph-Macon College, as the first chancellor, and Garland organised the university and hired its first faculty.麦克泰尔任命其在兰道夫-梅肯学院的导师兰登·加兰为首任校监，加兰组建了学校并聘用了首批教师。
• The first fraternity chapter, Phi Delta Theta, was established in 1876 and was shut down by the faculty, only to be reestablished as a secret society in 1877, and by 1883 the Board of Trust allowed fraternities on campus.首个兄弟会分会「Phi Delta Theta」于 1876 年成立，被教师会取缔，1877 年又以秘密社团的形式重建，到 1883 年信托委员会已允许校园内设立兄弟会。
• After the Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition, a statue of Cornelius Vanderbilt by the Italian sculptor Giuseppe Moretti was moved from the grounds of the Parthenon to the Vanderbilt campus.在田纳西百年国际博览会之后，意大利雕塑家朱塞佩·莫雷蒂所塑的范德比尔特铜像从帕德嫩神庙的庭园迁往范德比尔特校园。
• In 1905 the Main Building burnt down and was rebuilt in an Italianate design with a single 170-foot tower after the university received donations of more than $50,000.1905 年主楼被大火焚毁，在收到逾 5 万美元捐款后，以意大利式风格重建，仅保留一座 170 英尺高的塔楼。
• Conflicts escalated after James H. Kirkland was appointed chancellor in 1893, when Southern Methodist congregations raised only 50,000 in a campaign aimed at300,000.1893 年詹姆士·H·克尔克兰被任命为校监后冲突升级，当时南方循道宗教会在目标为 30 万美元的筹款活动中仅募得 5 万美元。
• On March 21, 1914, the Tennessee Supreme Court ruled that the Commodore and not the Methodist Church was the university's founder, and the General Conference voted 151 to 140 to sever its ties and establish Southern Methodist University.1914 年 3 月 21 日，田纳西州最高法院裁定该校的实际缔造者是「准将」（范德比尔特）而非监理会，随后监理会总会以 151 票对 140 票决定割断联系并另建南方卫理公会大学。
• In 1933 the United Daughters of the Confederacy donated $50,000 for Confederate Memorial Hall, designed by architect Henry C. Hibbs and completed in 1935.1933 年，邦联女儿会捐出 5 万美元兴建邦联纪念堂，由建筑师亨利·C·希布斯设计，1935 年落成。
• In the 1930s Ernest William Goodpasture and his colleagues in the School of Medicine invented methods for cultivating viruses and rickettsiae in fertilised chicken eggs, making possible vaccines against smallpox, yellow fever and typhus.20 世纪 30 年代，医学院的欧内斯特·威廉·古德帕斯彻及其同事发明了在受精鸡蛋中培养病毒与立克次体的方法，使天花、黄热病与斑疹伤寒疫苗的研制成为可能。
• German biophysicist Max Delbrück joined the Department of Physics in 1940, and his 1942 work with Salvador Luria on bacterial resistance to viruses, the Luria-Delbrück experiment, earned both the 1969 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.德国生物物理学家马克斯·德尔布吕克 1940 年加入物理系，他与萨尔瓦多·卢瑞亚于 1942 年关于细菌抗病毒机制的「卢瑞亚-德尔布吕克实验」，使两人共同获得 1969 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• During World War II Vanderbilt was one of 131 colleges and universities that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which offered students a path to a commission in the United States Navy.二战期间，范德比尔特大学是全美 131 所参与 V-12 海军学院培训计划的高校之一，该计划为在校学生提供了获得美国海军军官委任的途径。
• From 1945 to 1947 researchers funded by the Rockefeller Foundation gave 800 pregnant women radioactive iron without their consent, and in 1998 the university and the foundation paid about $10 million to the women and their families.1945 至 1947 年间，受洛克菲勒基金会资助的研究人员在未告知的情况下向 800 名孕妇提供了放射性铁，1998 年该校与该基金会向这些孕妇及其家人赔偿约 1,000 万美元。
• In 1953 Chancellor Branscomb admitted the first African American student, to the School of Divinity, and in 1960 he expelled Divinity student James Lawson, a civil rights leader, prompting a dozen faculty resignations.1953 年，校监布兰斯康在神学院录取了第一位黑人学生；1960 年他又开除神学院学生、民权运动领袖詹姆士·罗森，引发十余名教师辞职抗议。
• In May 1962 the Board of Trustees approved admitting African Americans to all of the university's schools, and the first black undergraduates entered in the fall of 1964.1962 年 5 月，董事会批准向黑人学生开放所有学院，首批黑人本科生在 1964 年秋季入学。
• In 1966 Vanderbilt recruited Perry Wallace, the first African American to play varsity basketball in the Southeastern Conference, and a student-led drive to retire his jersey succeeded in 2004.1966 年，范德比尔特大学招收了佩里·沃勒斯，他是首位在东南联盟代表校队出战的黑人篮球运动员，学生主导的退役其球衣运动于 2004 年成功。
• In 1964 Vanderbilt held its first IMPACT Symposium, a tradition whose participants have included Martin Luther King Jr., Robert F. Kennedy, Margaret Thatcher and Madeleine Albright.1964 年，该校举办首届「IMPACT 座谈会」，此后成为一项传统，参加者包括马丁·路德·金、罗伯特·F·肯尼迪、玛格丽特·撒切尔与马德琳·奥尔布赖特。
• In 1979 Vanderbilt acquired the George Peabody College for Teachers, on 53 acres adjacent to the university, and it became the Peabody College of Education and Human Development.1979 年，范德比尔特大学收购了毗邻校园、占地 53 英亩的乔治·皮博迪师范学院，其后更名为皮博迪教育与人类发展学院。
• In 2009 Vanderbilt instituted a no-loan policy, and in 2015 it launched Opportunity Vanderbilt, committing the university to need-blind admissions and to meeting 100 percent of demonstrated financial need.2009 年该校实行「无贷款」政策，2015 年又推出「Opportunity Vanderbilt」，承诺实行不考虑经济状况的录取，并满足学生全部经核定的经济需求。

Academics

• Vanderbilt lets undergraduates choose among 70 majors in its four undergraduate schools and colleges, namely the College of Arts and Science, the School of Engineering, Peabody College and the Blair School of Music.范德比尔特大学允许本科生在四个本科学院中选择 70 个专业，即文理学院、工程学院、皮博迪学院与布莱尔音乐学院。
• It also has six graduate and professional schools, including the Divinity School, the Graduate School, the Law School, the School of Medicine, the School of Nursing and the Owen Graduate School of Management.该校还设有六个研究生与专业学院，包括神学院、研究生院、法学院、医学院、护理学院与欧文管理研究生院。
• As of 2021 Vanderbilt enrolled 7,111 undergraduate and 6,685 graduate and professional students, a total of 13,796, and had a student-to-faculty ratio of 8:1.截至 2021 年，该校在校生为 7,111 名本科生与 6,685 名研究生及专业学生，共 13,796 人，师生比为 8:1。
• Students come from all 50 states and more than 100 countries, with about 68 percent of undergraduates from outside the South and 10 percent from outside the United States.学生来自全美 50 个州和一百多个国家，约 68% 的本科生来自南方以外地区，10% 来自美国以外。
• Undergraduate admissions are highly selective, and in 2022 the acceptance rate was 6.1 percent and the yield rate 52.3 percent.该校本科录取竞争极为激烈，2022 年的录取率为 6.1%，入学率为 52.3%。
• The Class of 2023 included 231 National Merit Scholars and 116 valedictorians or salutatorians, with an SAT interquartile range of 1460-1560 and an ACT interquartile range of 33-35.2023 届新生中有 231 名全国优秀学者与 116 名毕业致辞代表或第二名，其 SAT 四分位区间为 1460-1560，ACT 四分位区间为 33-35。
• In 2015 Vanderbilt ranked fifth overall and fourth among private universities in the enrolment of National Merit Scholars, and The Princeton Review gave it an admissions selectivity rating of 99 out of 99.2015 年，该校招收的全国优秀学者总数在全美排名第五、在私立大学中排名第四，《普林斯顿评论》给其录取严格度打出 99 分（满分 99）。
• According to the National Science Foundation, Vanderbilt spent $1 billion on research and development in 2021, ranking 24th among American universities.据美国国家科学基金会统计，该校 2021 年研发支出达 10 亿美元，在全美大学中排名第 24 位。
• In 2013 Vanderbilt ranked 12th in the country in funding from the National Institutes of Health, and its Institute for Space and Defense Electronics holds the largest academic facility in the world for radiation-effects research.2013 年，该校获美国国立卫生研究院资助额在全美排名第 12 位，其太空与国防电子研究所拥有全球最大的辐射效应研究学术设施。
• The university took part in the discovery of tennessine, element 117, with the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Russia and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the element was named for Tennessee in 2016.该校与俄罗斯联合核研究所、橡树岭国家实验室合作参与了第 117 号元素「鿬」的发现，该元素于 2016 年以田纳西州命名。
• The Center for Intelligent Mechatronics began testing a powered exoskeleton in 2010 to help paraplegics walk, and the device went to market internationally after funding from Parker Hannifin Corporation in 2012.智能机电一体化中心于 2010 年开始测试一套帮助截瘫者行走的动力外骨骼，该装置在 2012 年获派克汉尼汾公司资助后走向国际市场。
• The College of Arts and Science, the oldest and largest of Vanderbilt's colleges, occupies nearly 1.1 million square feet in 23 buildings and hosts the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities.文理学院是范德比尔特历史最久、规模最大的学院，在 23 座建筑中占用近 110 万平方英尺空间，并设有罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦人文中心。
• The College of Arts and Science was home to the literary movements of the Fugitives and the Southern Agrarians, and its most popular majors are economics, political science, neuroscience and psychology.文理学院曾是「逃亡者」与「南方重农派」两个文学运动的阵地，其最热门的专业为经济学、政治学、神经科学与心理学。
• Research centres affiliated with the university include the Robert Penn Warren Center for the Humanities, the Freedom Forum First Amendment Center and the Dyer Observatory.隶属于该校的研究机构包括罗伯特·佩恩·沃伦人文中心、自由论坛第一修正案中心与戴尔天文台。
• Vanderbilt University Medical Center was part of the university until April 2016, when it became an independent organisation including Vanderbilt University Hospital, the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.范德比尔特大学医学中心原属该校，2016 年 4 月起成为独立机构，下辖范德比尔特大学医院、门罗·卡雷尔儿童医院与范德比尔特-英格拉姆癌症中心。

Campus

• The Vanderbilt campus lies about 1.5 miles southwest of downtown Nashville in Midtown, along West End Avenue and 21st Avenue, and covers 330 acres, of which the historic core is about 75 acres.范德比尔特校园位于纳什维尔市中心西南约 1.5 英里的中城，沿西端大道与第 21 大道展开，占地 330 英亩，其中历史核心区约 75 英亩。
• The oldest part of campus is known for its trees and green space, was designated a national arboretum in 1988 and was accredited a Level II arboretum by ArbNet in 2020, with about 190 species of trees and shrubs.校园最古老的部分以树木与绿地为特色，1988 年被列为国家树木园，2020 年获 ArbNet 认证为二级树木园，园内约有 190 种乔木与灌木。
• One tree, the Bicentennial Oak between Rand Hall and Garland Hall, was certified to have lived during the American Revolution and was the oldest living thing on campus until it fell on November 12, 2022.位于兰德楼与加兰楼之间的「两百年橡树」经鉴定曾生长于美国独立战争时期，是校园中最古老的生物，直至 2022 年 11 月 12 日倒塌。
• Kirkland Hall, one of the most recognisable buildings on campus, was built in 1873 with two Victorian towers, was damaged by fire in 1905 and was rebuilt in an Italianate design with a single tower.克尔克兰楼是校园中最具辨识度的建筑之一，1873 年建成时带两座维多利亚式塔楼，1905 年遭火灾损毁后以意大利式风格重建，仅保留单塔。
• The Stevenson Center for Science and Mathematics and the School of Engineering complex, housing the Science Library and the science departments, sit between the original campus and the Medical Center.史蒂文森数理中心与工程学院建筑群位于原校园与医学中心之间，容纳科学图书馆与各理科系所。
• The Commons campus across 21st Avenue, home to the Peabody College, was inspired by Thomas Jefferson's design for the University of Virginia, and its central lawn was designated a historic district in 1965.位于第 21 大道对面的康芒斯校区是皮博迪学院所在地，其设计灵感来自托马斯·杰斐逊为弗吉尼亚大学所作的规划，中央草坪于 1965 年被列为历史街区。
• The Martha Rivers Ingram Commons houses all first-year students across ten dormitories, and there are 20 residence halls and apartments across the two campuses.玛莎·里弗斯·英格拉姆康芒斯以十栋宿舍安置全部一年级学生，两个校区共有 20 座宿舍楼与公寓。
• Memorial Gymnasium, Vanderbilt Stadium, Hawkins Field and the McGugin Center occupy the western edge of campus, and in 2025-2026 the university opened or planned campuses in New York City, San Francisco and West Palm Beach.纪念体育馆、范德比尔特体育场、霍金斯球场与麦格金中心位于校园西侧，2025-2026 年间该校在纽约市、旧金山与西棕榈滩开设或规划了校区。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Vanderbilt University is placed 265th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，范德比尔特大学位列世界第 265 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it joint 92nd in the world.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列为世界并列第 92 位。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 ranks it 68th in the world, and the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places it 66th.《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学排名将其列为世界第 68 位，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将其列为世界第 66 位。
• In the 2025 edition of Best National Universities by U.S. News & World Report, Vanderbilt ranked 18th in a tie with Rice University and the University of Notre Dame.在《美国新闻与世界报道》2025 年版全美最佳大学排名中，范德比尔特大学与莱斯大学、圣母大学并列第 18 位。
• U.S. News ranked the Peabody College of Education the 2nd best school of education and the Law School the 14th best law school in the United States, and it ranked Vanderbilt first nationally in special education, educational administration and audiology.《美国新闻与世界报道》将皮博迪教育学院列为全美第 2 佳教育学院、将法学院列为全美第 14 佳法学院，并将范德比尔特在特殊教育、教育管理与听力学领域列为全美第一。
• In the 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities field rankings Vanderbilt placed fourth in the world for Education and Library and Information Science, 14th in Law and 20th in Political Science.在 2022 年软科世界大学学术排名的学科排名中，范德比尔特在教育学与图书情报学领域位列世界第 4，法学第 14，政治学第 20。
• The OpenAlex database credits Vanderbilt University with 202,451 scholarly works and 24,865,187 citations from its researchers.OpenAlex 数据库收录范德比尔特大学 202,451 篇学术成果与 24,865,187 次引用。
• Vanderbilt alumni, faculty and staff have included 9 Nobel Prize winners, 2 U.S. vice presidents, 2 Supreme Court justices, 54 members of Congress and 27 Rhodes Scholars.范德比尔特大学的校友、教师与职员中有 9 位诺贝尔奖得主、2 位美国副总统、2 位最高法院大法官、54 位国会议员与 27 位罗德学者。
• The university is a founding member of the Southeastern Conference and has been the conference's only private school since 1966, and Reuters ranked it the 19th most innovative university in the world.该校是东南联盟的创始成员，自 1966 年起为该联盟唯一的私立学校，《路透社》曾将其评为全球最具创新力大学第 19 位。

Student life

• Vanderbilt has no formally adopted motto, and its Greek system consists of 14 fraternities and 14 sororities, with about 23 percent of undergraduates involved in the 2021-22 academic year.范德比尔特大学没有正式采用的校训，其希腊字母社团体系由 14 个兄弟会与 14 个姐妹会组成，2021-22 学年约有 23% 的本科生参与其中。
• In the early 2000s the university converted its residence halls into an academic residential college system, beginning with the 2008 opening of the Martha Rivers Ingram Commons for all first-years.21 世纪初，该校将宿舍改建为学术住宿学院体系，起点是 2008 年为全部一年级学生开放的玛莎·里弗斯·英格拉姆康芒斯。
• The upperclass colleges Warren College and Moore College opened in 2014, E. Bronson Ingram College opened in 2018, and Zeppos College, Rothschild College and Carmichael College opened in 2020, 2022 and 2024.高年级学院沃伦学院与摩尔学院于 2014 年启用，E·布朗森·英格拉姆学院于 2018 年启用，泽波斯学院、罗斯柴尔德学院与卡迈克尔学院分别于 2020、2022 与 2024 年启用。
• The university has more than 430 student organisations, and The Vanderbilt Hustler, established in 1888, is the oldest continuously published newspaper in Nashville.该校有 430 多个学生组织，创办于 1888 年的《范德比尔特骗子报》是纳什维尔历史最久的连续出版报纸。
• The campus radio station WRVU focuses on non-mainstream music, and performing arts groups include The Melodores, which won the 2014 Sing-Off championship.校园电台 WRVU 主打非主流音乐，表演艺术团体包括赢得 2014 年「Sing-Off」冠军的 The Melodores。
• Vanderbilt Student Government distributes nearly $2 million in funds set aside by the university to support student organisations.范德比尔特学生会负责分配学校拨出的近 200 万美元资金，用于资助学生组织。
• Vanderbilt's athletics teams are nicknamed the Commodores, its mascot Mr. C is portrayed as a 19th-century naval officer, and fans cheer Anchor down with the VU hand sign.范德比尔特大学的运动队昵称为「准将队」，吉祥物「C 先生」被塑造成 19 世纪的海军军官，球迷们以 VU 手势高呼「Anchor down」。
• Both basketball teams play in Memorial Gym, built in 1952, where the home-court advantage is nicknamed Memorial Magic, and the baseball team won the College World Series in 2014 and 2019.两支篮球队均在 1952 年建成的纪念体育馆比赛，其主场优势被称为「纪念魔力」，棒球队于 2014 与 2019 年两度夺得大学世界大赛冠军。

Notable people

• Landon Garland was the university's first chancellor, serving from 1875 to 1893, and Garland Hall is named in his honour.兰登·加兰是该校首任校监，任期自 1875 至 1893 年，加兰楼即以他命名。
• James Hampton Kirkland, chancellor from 1893 to 1937, severed the university's ties with the Methodist Church and relocated the medical school to the main campus.詹姆士·汉普顿·克尔克兰自 1893 至 1937 年任校监，割断了学校与监理会的联系，并将医学院迁至主校区。
• Alexander Heard, chancellor from 1963 to 1982, gave his name to the campus library system of ten libraries and 3.3 million volumes.亚历山大·赫德自 1963 至 1982 年任校监，校园图书馆体系以其命名，由十座图书馆、330 万册藏书组成。
• Muhammad Yunus, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize and known as the father of microfinance, is a Vanderbilt alumnus.诺贝尔和平奖得主、被誉为「小额信贷之父」的穆罕默德·尤纳斯是范德比尔特大学校友。
• Al Gore, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate and 45th Vice President of the United States, studied at Vanderbilt, as did John Nance Garner, the 32nd Vice President.诺贝尔和平奖得主、美国第 45 任副总统阿尔·戈尔曾就读于范德比尔特，美国第 32 任副总统约翰·南斯·加纳亦然。
• James Clark McReynolds, a Vanderbilt graduate, served as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.范德比尔特毕业生詹姆斯·克拉克·麦克雷诺兹曾任美国最高法院大法官。
• Stanford Moore, a Vanderbilt graduate, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and Ernest William Goodpasture invented methods for growing viruses that enabled modern vaccination.范德比尔特毕业生斯坦福·摩尔获得诺贝尔化学奖，欧内斯特·威廉·古德帕斯彻发明的病毒培养方法则奠定了现代疫苗接种的基础。
• Charlie Soong, who played a significant role in the Xinhai Revolution, and T. C. Chao, a Chinese theologian, were both Vanderbilt alumni.在辛亥革命中发挥重要作用的宋嘉澍与中国神学家赵紫宸都是范德比尔特大学校友。
• Greg Abbott, the Governor of Texas, and James Patterson, a novelist who topped Forbes's list of the world's highest-grossing authors, are Vanderbilt alumni.得克萨斯州州长格雷格·阿博特与曾登上《福布斯》全球收入最高作家榜首的小说家詹姆斯·帕特森都是范德比尔特校友。