Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès

Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, usually called Toulouse 2 or UT2J, is a public university in Toulouse, France, and the humanities and social sciences heir of the medieval University of Toulouse founded in 1229, which makes it the successor of one of the oldest universities in Europe.图卢兹第二大学（Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès，通称图卢兹二大或 UT2J）是法国图卢兹的一所公立大学，也是 1229 年创建的中世纪图卢兹大学在人文与社会科学领域的继承者。

Created in 1969 when the University of Toulouse split into three, it occupies the Le Mirail campus in the south-west of the city, enrols about 27,500 students and appears in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校于 1969 年图卢兹大学一分为三时成立，坐落于城市西南的勒米拉伊校区，在校生约 2.75 万人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 1201-1400 区间。

History

• The University of Toulouse was founded in 1229, when the Treaty of Paris ending the Albigensian Crusade was followed by a papal bull of Gregory IX that authorised a studium generale in the city.图卢兹大学创建于 1229 年，结束阿尔比十字军的《巴黎条约》签订后，教皇格里高利九世颁布敕书，批准在该城设立一所总学馆。
• In the Middle Ages the university taught theology, canon and civil law, medicine and the arts, and its law faculty attracted students from across Languedoc and the Iberian peninsula.中世纪时期，该校教授神学、教会法与民法、医学与人文诸科，其法学院吸引了朗格多克与伊比利亚半岛各地的学生。
• The revolutionary Convention suppressed the university in 1793, along with the other French universities, ending more than five centuries of continuous teaching in Toulouse.1793 年，革命时期的国民公会解散了这所大学，其他法国大学也一同被撤销，图卢兹五百多年的连续教学就此中断。
• Napoleon's Imperial University recreated Toulouse as an academy in 1808, and the faculties of letters, science and law were gradually rebuilt during the nineteenth century.1808 年，拿破仑的帝国大学在图卢兹重建学区，文学、理学与法学等学院在 19 世纪逐步恢复。
• The law of 1896 granted universities legal personality again, and the University of Toulouse was formally reconstituted with its faculties grouped into a single institution.1896 年的法律重新赋予大学法人地位，图卢兹大学正式重组，各学院归入同一机构。
• After the Second World War the humanities faculty grew faster than its city-centre buildings could absorb, and by the 1960s lecture halls near the Capitole were saturated.第二次世界大战后，人文学部的扩张速度超过了市中心校舍的容纳能力，到 1960 年代，卡皮托勒附近的阶梯教室已不堪重负。
• The crisis of May 1968 accelerated the decision to decentralise, and the government opted for a new campus outside the historic centre rather than extending the existing faculty buildings.1968 年五月危机加快了分散办学的决策，政府选择在历史城区之外新建校区，而不是扩建既有的学院建筑。
• In 1969 the University of Toulouse was divided into three institutions, Toulouse I for law and economics, Toulouse II for humanities and Toulouse III for science and medicine, with a fourth engineering body, the National Polytechnic Institute, added the same year.1969 年，图卢兹大学分成三所机构，图卢兹第一大学主管法学与经济学，图卢兹第二大学主管人文学科，图卢兹第三大学主管理学与医学，同年另设第四所工程师机构即国立图卢兹理工学院。
• The new campus was inserted into Le Mirail, a new town of 1960s Toulouse conceived as a model of modern urban planning on the city's south-western plateau.新校区被纳入勒米拉伊新城，这座 1960 年代规划的图卢兹新城位于城市西南台地，被视为现代城市规划的样板。
• The campus was designed by the international team of Georges Candilis, Alexis Josic and Shadrach Woods, who gave it a modular concrete architecture and a plan for about 11,000 students.校区由乔治·康迪利斯、亚历克西斯·约西奇与沙德拉赫·伍兹组成的国际团队设计，采用模块化混凝土建筑，规划容量约 1.1 万名学生。
• Teaching at Le Mirail began in 1971, when the first sections opened, and the university ran two sites in parallel while the move from the city centre proceeded.勒米拉伊校区的教学于 1971 年首批教学楼启用时开始，在市中心迁出的过程中，学校一度两地并行运转。
• The transfer was completed by 1973, freeing the historic buildings near the Capitole for Toulouse I and giving the humanities their own purpose-built campus.迁校工作于 1973 年完成，卡皮托勒附近的历史建筑移交给图卢兹第一大学，人文学科则拥有了专门建造的校区。
• The institution took the name Université de Toulouse II – Le Mirail, which it kept for four decades and which still shapes how older residents of Toulouse refer to it.学校当时取名图卢兹第二大学—勒米拉伊，这一名称沿用四十年，至今仍影响着图卢兹老居民对这所学校的称呼。
• From the 1980s onwards the university built a dense network of research centres in history, geography, sociology and language sciences, several of them shared with the CNRS.自 1980 年代起，学校在历史学、地理学、社会学与语言科学领域建立起密集的研究中心网络，其中若干与国家科研中心共建。
• In 2007 the Toulouse institutions created the PRES Université de Toulouse, a federal body intended to coordinate degrees and research policy across the city's universities and engineering schools.2007 年，图卢兹各高校组建图卢兹大学高等教育与研究集群，这一联邦机构旨在协调全市大学与工程师学校的学位与科研政策。
• In 2014 the university adopted the name Université Toulouse-Jean Jaurès, honouring the socialist leader who taught philosophy at Toulouse from 1881 to 1883 and was assassinated in 1914.2014 年，学校更名为图卢兹让·饶勒斯大学，以纪念这位 1881 至 1883 年在图卢兹教授哲学的社会主义领袖，他于 1914 年遇刺身亡。
• The choice of 2014 was symbolic, since it coincided with the centenary of Jaurès's assassination in Paris on 31 July 1914, at the outbreak of the First World War.选择 2014 年具有象征意义，因为这一年恰是饶勒斯于 1914 年 7 月 31 日第一次世界大战爆发之际在巴黎遇刺的百年。
• The 2007 federation was replaced in 2015 by the federal University of Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, a community of universities and establishments that coordinates doctoral colleges and international promotion.2007 年的联邦机构于 2015 年由图卢兹-南比利牛斯大区联邦大学接替，这一高校共同体负责协调博士生院与对外推广。
• The concrete buildings of Le Mirail aged badly, and a long renovation programme replaced facades, roofs and heating systems while the university kept teaching on site.勒米拉伊的混凝土建筑老化严重，一项长期翻新计划陆续更换外立面、屋顶与供暖系统，其间学校仍在校内坚持教学。
• Its two university institutes of technology, at Blagnac and Figeac, extended vocational degrees into the aerospace suburbs of Toulouse and into the rural Lot department.该校在布拉尼亚克与菲雅克设有两所大学技术学院，把职业型学位延伸到图卢兹的航空郊区与乡村的洛特省。
• The 2020s brought a reorganisation of research around ten laboratories, most of them joint units with the CNRS and with neighbouring institutions such as Toulouse Capitole University and Paul Sabatier University.2020 年代，学校把研究整合为十个实验室，多数是与国家科研中心以及图卢兹第一大学、保罗·萨巴捷大学等邻近机构共建的联合单位。

Academics

• Teaching is organised into five UFRs covering history, art history and archaeology, foreign languages and literatures, letters, philosophy, music and communication, psychology, and social sciences.教学由五个学院承担，涵盖历史、艺术史与考古学，外国语言与文学，文学、哲学、音乐与传播，心理学，以及社会科学。
• Two university institutes of technology, the Toulouse Institute of Technology at Blagnac and the Figeac Institute of Technology, deliver the bachelor universitaire de technologie in fields such as logistics, industry and tourism.两所大学技术学院，即布拉尼亚克的图卢兹技术学院与菲雅克技术学院，在物流、工业与旅游等领域颁发技术学士文凭。
• History and archaeology form the university's most visible academic cluster, with specialists in medieval, modern and contemporary history working alongside excavators trained in field archaeology.历史学与考古学构成该校最引人注目的学科群，中世纪史、近代史与当代史专家与受过田野考古训练的发掘人员共事。
• The languages faculty teaches a broad range of European and non-European languages, including Chinese, Arabic, Russian and Portuguese, and its applied foreign languages degrees prepare students for translation, international trade and cultural mediation.语言学院教授多种欧洲与非欧洲语言，其应用外语学位为笔译、国际贸易与文化中介等职业培养学生。
• Psychology is one of the oldest departments of its kind in France, with clinical, cognitive, developmental and social psychology tracks and a strong link to the psychopathology laboratory UTRPP.心理学系是法国同类院系中历史最悠久者之一，设有临床、认知、发展与社会心理学方向，并与心理病理学实验室 UTRPP 关系密切。
• FRAMESPA, a joint CNRS unit, studies the societies of southern Europe and the Americas from the Middle Ages to the present, and it is one of the largest history laboratories in France.FRAMESPA 是国家科研中心联合单位，研究从中世纪至今的南欧与美洲社会，是法国规模最大的历史学实验室之一。
• TRACES, another joint CNRS unit, brings together archaeologists, art historians and anthropologists and runs excavations in France and in the Mediterranean basin.TRACES 同样是国际科研中心联合单位，汇集考古学家、艺术史家与人类学家，在法国与地中海盆地开展发掘。
• CERTOP analyses work, organisations and public policy, and its researchers have produced widely cited studies on employment, gender and the reform of the French welfare state.CERTOP 研究工作、组织与公共政策，其研究人员在就业、性别与法国福利国家改革方面发表了被广泛引用的成果。
• CLLE, the centre for cognition, language and ergonomics, examines how people learn languages and how they interact with technical systems in workplaces.认知、语言与人机工程学中心 CLLE 研究人们如何学习语言，以及在工作场所中如何与技术系统互动。
• GEODE, a geography and environment laboratory, works on urbanisation, rural change and environmental risk in south-western France and in the Global South.地理与环境实验室 GEODE 研究法国西南部与全球南方的城市化、乡村变迁与环境风险。
• LISST and LEREPS cover sociology and economics respectively, the first studying labour and public action, the second the territorial dynamics of firms and innovation.LISST 与 LEREPS 分别覆盖社会学与经济学，前者研究劳动与公共行动，后者研究企业与创新的地域动态。
• The mathematics institute IMT and the computer science laboratory IRIT are shared with Paul Sabatier University and other Toulouse institutions, which lets humanities students take quantitative minors.数学研究所 IMT 与计算机实验室 IRIT 与保罗·萨巴捷大学及其他图卢兹机构共建，使人文学科学生也能修读定量分析辅修课程。
• Doctoral training is organised by the TESC doctoral school, which covers time, spaces, societies and cultures and supervises several hundred doctoral candidates across the humanities and social sciences.博士培养由 TESC 博士生院组织，覆盖时间、空间、社会与文化，指导数百名人文与社会科学方向的博士生。
• The Presses universitaires du Midi, the university's own publishing house, issues about twenty books a year in history, archaeology, literature and the social sciences.该校自有的出版社——南部大学出版社，每年在历史、考古、文学与社会科学领域出版约二十种图书。
• The university enrols about 27,500 students, making it the main humanities and social sciences institution in the Toulouse academy and one of the larger French universities outside Paris.学校在校生约 2.75 万人，是图卢兹学区主要的人文与社会科学机构，也是巴黎以外规模较大的法国大学之一。
• Its documentation service runs the central Mirail library and a network of subject libraries, and the department of French as a foreign language welcomes students from more than eighty countries.文献服务处管理勒米拉伊中央图书馆与各学科分馆，法语外语教学部则接收来自八十多个国家的学生。
• The department of French as a foreign language, known as DEFLE, has taught French to international students for decades and prepares them for entry into French degree programmes at licence and master level.法语外语教学部（DEFLE）数十年来为国际学生教授法语，并帮助他们达到进入法国学士与硕士课程的语言要求。

Campus

• The Le Mirail campus occupies a plateau in the south-west of Toulouse, about fifteen minutes from the Capitole by metro line A, whose Mirail-Université station serves the main entrance.勒米拉伊校区位于图卢兹西南的台地上，乘地铁 A 线至米拉伊大学站可直达主入口，到卡皮托勒约十五分钟。
• The campus follows the grid of the Le Mirail new town, with long concrete buildings raised on pilotis and a central pedestrian esplanade linking the teaching blocks.校区沿用勒米拉伊新城的网格布局，长长的混凝土建筑以底层架空柱支撑，中央步行广场连接各教学楼。
• Georges Candilis, Alexis Josic and Shadrach Woods designed the ensemble in the 1960s, and its modular structure was meant to allow later extensions without breaking the overall composition.乔治·康迪利斯、亚历克西斯·约西奇与沙德拉赫·伍兹于 1960 年代设计了这一建筑群，其模块化结构意在便于日后扩建而不破坏整体构图。
• The central library, known as the Bibliothèque universitaire du Mirail, holds the main humanities collections and offers reading rooms that were modernised during the campus renovation programme.中央图书馆即米拉伊大学图书馆，收藏主要人文学科文献，其阅览空间在校区翻新计划中得到现代化改造。
• The Maison de la Recherche groups several laboratories, doctoral services and seminar rooms in a single building, making it the intellectual centre of the campus.研究之家把多个实验室、博士服务与研讨室集中在一座建筑内，构成校区的学术中心。
• Renovation has changed the face of the campus since the 2000s, with new cladding, insulated roofs and upgraded lecture halls replacing the failing concrete of the original structures.自 2000 年代以来，翻新工程改变了校区的面貌，新的外装饰、保温屋顶与升级后的阶梯教室取代了原有结构中老化的混凝土。
• Green spaces between the buildings, together with the nearby parks of the Mirail district, give the campus a less urban feel than the dense historic centre of Toulouse.建筑之间的绿地与米拉伊街区附近的公园，使校区比图卢兹密集的历史中心更具郊野气息。
• The university also teaches outside Toulouse, at the Blagnac and Figeac institutes of technology, the latter housed in a converted site in the Lot valley, where the university trains students in tourism and logistics.学校还在图卢兹以外授课，布拉尼亚克与菲雅克的技术学院分布其间，后者设在洛特河谷改造后的场址内。
• Le Mirail was built as a priority urbanisation zone in the 1960s, and the campus remains embedded in a district of social housing whose population gives the university a distinctive social mix.勒米拉伊是 1960 年代按优先城市化区建设的，校区至今嵌在一片社会住宅街区之中，居民构成赋予这所大学独特的社会面貌。
• A central esplanade links the teaching blocks with the district's shops and services, and it is used for student fairs, open-air events and the daily flow between lectures.中央广场把教学楼与街区的商铺和服务设施连接起来，学生集市、露天活动以及课间的人流都汇聚于此。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university appears in the 1201-1400 band, the joint bracket assigned to a large group of institutions worldwide.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列第 1201-1400 区间，该区间由全球多所高校并列共享。
• Its QS position has slipped over the decade, from the 1001-1200 band recorded in the 2022 edition to the 1201-1400 bracket used in 2027.该校的 QS 名次在十年间有所下滑，从 2022 年版的第 1001-1200 区间退至 2027 年版的第 1201-1400 区间。
• It did not enter the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, so the 2027 edition of that table carries no position for Toulouse 2.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，因此 2027 年版该榜单没有图卢兹二大的名次。
• The university is absent from the U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027, which lists only a limited number of French institutions each year.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球最佳大学排名，该榜单每年只收录有限数量的法国高校。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 does not include the university in its main table, and no Shanghai rank is therefore recorded for that edition.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜未收录该校，因此该年度没有对应的软科名次。
• OpenAlex attributes 28,499 works and 190,116 citations to the institution, a profile typical of a large humanities university whose output is concentrated in books and national journals.OpenAlex 记录该校 2.85 万篇论文与 19 万次引用，这一画像符合以专著与本国期刊为主的大型人文大学的特征。
• Its reputation rests mainly on history, archaeology, philosophy and the language sciences, fields in which its laboratories belong to the national CNRS network and attract European research funding.该校声誉主要建立在历史学、考古学、哲学与语言科学之上，这些领域的实验室属于国家科研中心网络，并获得欧洲研究经费。
• The Jean Jaurès name gives the university a strong symbolic association with French republican schooling, and its teacher-training programmes are among the largest in the Toulouse region.让·饶勒斯之名使该校与法国共和主义教育传统紧密相连，其教师培训项目在图卢兹地区规模居前。
• Toulouse 2 is also known for teaching French as a foreign language, and its summer and semester programmes bring several thousand international students to Le Mirail each year.图卢兹二大还以法语外语教学著称，其暑期与学期项目每年为勒米拉伊带来数千名国际学生。

Student life

• The university has no formal motto, and its identity is carried instead by the name of Jean Jaurès and by the colours of the Le Mirail campus.学校没有正式校训，其身份标识主要来自让·饶勒斯之名与勒米拉伊校区的色彩。
• Students sit on the board of directors, the academic council and the councils of each UFR, and they are consulted on the allocation of the campus life contribution.学生代表进入校务委员会、学术委员会及各学院委员会，并就校园生活捐费的分配接受咨询。
• CROUS Toulouse Occitanie runs restaurants and residences near the campus, and the Mirail university restaurant is one of the busiest in the city at lunchtime.图卢兹-奥克西塔尼大学事务中心在校区附近经营食堂与宿舍，米拉伊大学食堂是全市午间最繁忙的餐厅之一。
• Sport is managed by the university sports service, whose teams compete in the French university championships and whose facilities include courts and a gymnasium on campus.体育运动由大学体育服务处管理，其队伍参加法国大学生锦标赛，校内设有球场与体育馆。
• The central library serves as the main indoor meeting place, and during examination periods it extends its opening hours to accommodate students who commute from the city centre, a journey of about twenty minutes by metro.中央图书馆是主要的室内聚会场所，考试期间延长开放时间，以照顾从市中心通勤而来的学生。
• Toulouse's student population of roughly 130,000 shapes daily life, and the metro line A puts the campus within reach of the Capitole, the Garonne quays and the city's music venues.图卢兹约 13 万的学生人口塑造了日常生活，地铁 A 线使校区可以方便抵达卡皮托勒、加龙河畔与城中各音乐场所。
• Dozens of associations registered under the 1901 law cover cinema, theatre, debate, international solidarity and subject-based societies, and they recruit new members during the September welcome weeks, when the esplanade fills with stands.数十个依照 1901 年非营利组织法注册的社团涵盖电影、戏剧、辩论、国际团结与学科兴趣，并在九月迎新周招募新成员。
• The university's cultural service organises screenings, concerts and theatre workshops, often in partnership with Toulouse institutions such as the Cinémathèque de Toulouse.学校文化服务处组织放映、音乐会与戏剧工作坊，常与图卢兹电影资料馆等本地机构合作。
• CROUS residences near the campus house several thousand students, but demand for rooms in Toulouse far exceeds supply, pushing many students into the private rental market.校区附近的大学事务中心宿舍可容纳数千名学生，但图卢兹的房源需求远超供给，许多学生只能转向私人租赁市场。

Notable people

• Jean Jaurès, the socialist leader and founder of the newspaper L'Humanité, taught philosophy at the University of Toulouse from 1881 to 1883 and gave the university its present name, while his ashes were transferred to the Panthéon in 1924.让·饶勒斯是社会主义领袖与《人道报》创办人，1881 至 1883 年在图卢兹大学讲授哲学，学校今天的名称即源于他。
• Jean-Luc Nancy, one of the most translated French philosophers of his generation, studied at Toulouse 2 before teaching at Strasbourg and writing on community, art and Christianity.让-吕克·南希是他那一代著作被译介最多的法国哲学家之一，曾在图卢兹二大求学，后任教于斯特拉斯堡，著述涉及共同体、艺术与基督教。
• Bernard Stiegler, philosopher of technology and founder of the Institut de recherche et d'innovation at the Pompidou Centre, studied at Toulouse 2 and later taught there.贝尔纳·斯蒂格勒是技术哲学学者、蓬皮杜中心研究与创新研究所创办人，曾就读于图卢兹二大，后在该校任教。
• Michel Zink, a medievalist and member of the Académie française, is listed among the university's faculty for his work on French literature of the Middle Ages.米歇尔·赞克是中世纪研究学者与法兰西学术院院士，因其中世纪法国文学研究被列入该校教师名录。
• Bartolomé Bennassar, historian of Spain and of the Inquisition, taught at Toulouse 2 and supervised a generation of French historians of the Iberian world.巴托洛梅·贝纳萨尔是西班牙史与宗教裁判所史学者，曾在图卢兹二大任教，指导了法国一代伊比利亚世界史研究者。
• Marie-Sophie Lacarrau, presenter of the main evening news on TF1 since 2021, studied at the university's journalism and communication programmes.玛丽-索菲·拉卡劳自 2021 年起主持法国电视一台晚间新闻，曾在该校的新闻与传播项目学习。
• Maria Ubach i Font, Andorra's minister of foreign affairs from 2019 to 2023, is an alumna of the university and of its French and Catalan studies programmes.玛丽亚·乌巴赫·丰特于 2019 至 2023 年任安道尔外交大臣，是该校及其法语与加泰罗尼亚语研究项目的校友。
• Abdelhak Serhane, the Moroccan novelist and psychologist, studied at Toulouse 2, where he completed a doctorate before returning to teach in Morocco.阿卜杜勒哈克·塞尔汉是摩洛哥小说家与心理学家，曾在图卢兹二大学习并取得博士学位，后回摩洛哥任教。
• Gilles Poux, mayor of La Courneuve and a figure of the French communist left in Seine-Saint-Denis, is counted among the university's alumni.吉勒·普是拉库尔讷沃市长、塞纳-圣但尼省法国共产党左翼的代表人物，被列为该校校友。
• Mohammed Ameur, a Moroccan member of parliament and former minister, studied at Toulouse 2 before entering politics in his home region of Nador.穆罕默德·阿穆尔是摩洛哥议员、前部长，在进入家乡纳祖尔地区的政坛之前曾就读于图卢兹二大。
• Aida Toledo, the Guatemalan poet and essayist, completed her doctoral work at Toulouse 2, where she studied the representation of violence in Central American literature.艾达·托莱多是危地马拉诗人与随笔作家，在图卢兹二大完成博士研究，课题是中美洲文学中的暴力书写。
• Jacques Jaubert, a prehistorian known for his work on Neanderthal sites in south-western France, is listed among the university's alumni.雅克·若贝尔是史前史学者，以研究法国西南部尼安德特人遗址著称，被列入该校校友名录。