Université de Namur

The Université de Namur, written in English as the University of Namur and abbreviated UNamur, is a private Jesuit university in the city of Namur, the capital of Wallonia and a centre of the French Community of Belgium.那慕尔大学（法语校名 Université de Namur，英文作 University of Namur，缩写 UNamur）是一所私立耶稣会大学，校址在那慕尔城，该城既是瓦隆大区首府，也属比利时法语社群。

Both teaching and research in the university are carried out by six faculties, namely Philosophy and Letters, Law, Medicine, Economics and Social Sciences and Management, Computer Science and Sciences, a structure its institutional record presents as the whole of academic organisation.该校的教学与科研全部由六个学院承担，即哲学文学院、法学院、医学院、经济社会与管理科学学院、计算机科学与理学院；机构档案把这六学院视为学校学术建制的整体。

The institution traces its origin to the spring of 1831, when the Society of Jesus reopened a high school in Namur, took university status on 18 February 1948, and is placed in the 801-850 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校溯源至 1831 年春天耶稣会在当地重办的一所中学，于 1948 年 2 月 18 日取得大学地位，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 801-850 位。

History

• In the spring of 1831 the Society of Jesus reopened a high school in Namur on premises that had earlier held the Our-Lady of Peace Benedictine abbey, and that Jesuit foundation is the origin recorded for the present university.1831 年春天，耶稣会在那慕尔原本笃会「和平圣母修院」的旧址重办一所中学，这一耶稣会创办的举动即档案所载该校的源头。

• The school developed at once into a college because prominent families of Namur undertook to finance the new project, and they attached conditions to the money they provided.这所学校随即发展为一所学院，靠的是那慕尔当地望族自愿出资支持这一新事业，而他们在提供经费时附上了条件。

• The most important of those conditions was that the college teach other sciences such as philosophy, exercising the liberty of education proclaimed by the new Belgian Constitution.其中最重要的条件，是学院必须教授哲学等其他学科，以实践比利时新宪法所宣告的教育自由。

• The years from 1846 to 1928 are described as a period of first expansions, in which the number of students rose gradually while new sciences and new study programmes were introduced.1846 年至 1928 年被记为第一波扩张期：学生人数逐步增长，同时不断引入新的学科与新的修读项目。

• The period 1929 to 1947 brought a different pressure, since a new Belgian law excluded the institution from financial support from the government and pushed the ambitious university to rely on its own sources and funds.1929 年至 1947 年则面对另一压力：比利时新法把这所院校排除在政府资助之外，迫使志在发展的学校只能依靠自身的财源与经费。

• In 1934 many projects were launched in spite of that loss of subsidies, among them a new building specific to physical and chemical studies and the modernization of some laboratories.尽管失去了补助，学校在 1934 年仍启动多个项目，其中包括一座专供物理与化学研究的新楼，以及若干实验室的现代化改造。

• The same programme of 1934 also enlarged the Belles-Lettres library and added many new titles to the seminars library, so the collections grew in the very year when state funding was withheld.1934 年的同一批项目还扩建了文艺图书馆，为研讨课图书馆新增大量书目，因此馆藏恰恰在国家停止拨款之年得以扩充。

• On 18 February 1948 the institution, formerly a college, changed its status to that of a university, and that new status resulted in some financial aid from the government although the aid remained limited and irregular.1948 年 2 月 18 日，这所原为学院的院校改换身份成为大学，新身份使其获得部分政府资助，只是资助仍然有限且不定期。

• From 1960 onwards, after the introduction of new national financing laws, government aid increased and became regular, allowing many new projects and programmes to come into being at Namur.自 1960 年起，随着新的国家资助法实施，政府补助增加并趋于稳定，那慕尔校方因此得以设立众多新项目与新学科。

• The expansion after 1960 is credited in the institutional account with improving the university's national and European visibility at the same time as its offer of study grew.机构档案把 1960 年后的扩张视为该校能见度提升的关键，认为它在扩大修读范围的同时改善了学校在国内与欧洲的可见度。

• In 1971 the university founded an Institute of Computer Science, the first body of its kind in Belgium and one of the leading institutions in Europe for the subject, and that institute has since become the Faculty of Computer Science.1971 年学校创办计算机科学研究所，为比利时同类机构之首，也是该学科在欧洲的领先机构之一；该所其后升格为计算机科学学院。

• The Faculty of Law was created in 1972, one year after the computer science institute, and the Faculty of Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine followed in 1974, completing the six-faculty structure the university still reports.法学院于 1972 年设立，比计算机所晚一年；理学院与医学院则在 1974 年相继成立，六个学院的结构至此完成并沿用至今。

• The years 1971 to 1991 are treated in the institutional history as the big expansion, a period defined by new faculties, new library buildings and new lecture halls.机构校史把 1971 年至 1991 年称为大扩张期，其内容由新学院、新图书馆与新讲堂三条线索共同界定。

• In 1979 the university opened the Moretus Plantin library, a new university library that held more than 800,000 titles at the time of its opening.1979 年学校启用莫雷图斯·普兰坦图书馆，这座新的大学图书馆开馆时藏书已达 80 万种以上。

• Construction of the Pedro Arrupe amphitheater, the new large lecture hall of the campus, followed in 1990 and closed the expansion period the account dates from 1971.佩德罗·阿鲁佩讲堂这座新的大型阶梯教室于 1990 年动工，为档案所定 1971 年起的扩张期画上句点。

• Building work continued afterwards, since the record lists a new Vauban amphitheater for 2015 and the construction of a new Faculty of Sciences for 2014 to 2017.此后工程未停：档案把新的沃邦讲堂记在 2015 年，并把理学院新馆的建设期记为 2014 至 2017 年。

• On 29 June 2003 the University of Namur joined with three other French-speaking Catholic universities to form the Académie Louvain, an association of institutions rather than a merger.2003 年 6 月 29 日，那慕尔大学与另外三所法语天主教大学共同组成「鲁汶科学院」，该组织是院校联合体而非合并。

• Those partners were the Catholic University of Louvain at Louvain-la-Neuve, Saint-Louis University in Brussels and Ixelles, and the Facultés universitaires catholiques de Mons at Mons and Charleroi.其成员包括位于新鲁汶的鲁汶大学、设在布鲁塞尔与伊克塞尔的圣路易大学，以及位于蒙斯与沙勒罗瓦的蒙斯天主教大学学院。

• Explorations developed in 2007 toward combining all four institutions into a single university to be called Université catholique de Louvain, with campuses identified as the Brussels, Namur, Louvain-la-Neuve, Mons and Charleroi sites.2007 年起各方着手探讨把四校合为一所、拟名「天主教鲁汶大学」，并规划布鲁塞尔、那慕尔、新鲁汶、蒙斯与沙勒罗瓦五个校区。

• Negotiations for that full merger were aborted in December 2010 by an insufficient vote at the general assembly of the Facultés universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, the body under which the Namur institution was then organised.2010 年 12 月，整体合并的谈判因「和平日圣母大学学院」全体大会表决未达所需票数而终止，该学院正是那慕尔学校当时的建制名义。

• The Académie Louvain itself ceased to exist in 2014 on the entry into force of the new law organising the universities of the French Community.2014 年，随着组织法语社群高校的新法生效，「鲁汶科学院」这一联合体本身停止存在。

• The university therefore keeps two founding dates in its own record, the reopening of the school in 1831 and the change of status to a university on 18 February 1948, sixty-eight years apart.因此该校档案保留两个创办节点：相隔六十八年的 1831 年复校与 1948 年 2 月 18 日改制为大学。

Academics

• Teaching is divided among the six faculties, and the undergraduate cycle in each of them is a three-year bachelor degree while master degrees as a rule take two years.教学分布于六个学院，各学院的本科周期均为三年制学士，硕士一般修读两年。

• The Faculty of Philosophy and Letters offers three-year bachelors in philosophy, in history, in art history and archaeology, in French and Romance languages and literatures, and in Germanic languages and literatures.哲学文学院开设三年制学士项目，专业包括哲学、历史、艺术史与考古、法语及罗曼语语言文学、日耳曼语语言文学。

• Doctoral study in the same faculty covers three fields, namely philosophy, history with art history and archaeology, and languages and literatures extending to Romance, Germanic and Greek classics.该学院的博士研究涵盖三个领域，即哲学、历史与艺术史及考古、以及包括罗曼语、日耳曼语与希腊古典在内的语言文学。

• The Faculty of Law, created in 1972, keeps a single three-year bachelor in law and confers doctorates in the legal sciences.法学院成立于 1972 年，本科仅设三年制法律专业，博士授予法学科学学位。

• The Faculty of Medicine, opened with the sciences faculty in 1974, teaches medicine, biomedical sciences and pharmacy in its three-year bachelor cycle and adds a two-year master in biomedical sciences.医学院与理学院同设于 1974 年，本科三年制含医学、生物医学与药学，另设两年制生物医学硕士。

• The Faculty of Economics, Social Sciences and Management admits students to bachelors in economics and management, business engineering, political science, and information and communication.经济社会与管理科学学院的本科专业为经济与管理、商业工程、政治学、信息与传播四类。

• Its two-year masters cover economics, management and business engineering, with business engineering further offered with a focus on information systems management or on data science.该学院两年制硕士涵盖经济学、管理学与商业工程，其中商业工程另可侧重信息系统管理或数据科学方向。

• The doctoral offer of that faculty is the broadest in the university, listing economics, finance and markets, accounting and control, marketing, business law and tax management, management, management science, information systems management, political science and international relations, social sciences, and information and communication.该学院的博士领域为全校之最，列有经济学、金融与市场、会计与控制、市场营销、商法与税务管理、管理学、管理科学、信息系统管理、政治学与国际关系、社会科学、信息与传播。

• Within that list, management branches into business administration and entrepreneurship, strategic management and corporate governance, and human resource management, while management science covers operations research and supply chain management.其中管理学下分企业管理与创业、战略管理与公司治理、人力资源管理，管理科学则含运筹学与供应链管理。

• The Faculty of Computer Science, descendant of the institute founded in 1971, runs a three-year bachelor, a two-year master specialised in software engineering or in data science, a one-year master and a one-year specialisation master.计算机学院溯源于 1971 年设立的研究所，设有三年制学士、两年制软件工程或数据科学方向硕士、一年制硕士与一年制专业硕士。

• That specialisation master, in informatics and innovation, is oriented to business analysis and information technology governance, and the same faculty also awards doctorates in computer science.该专业硕士主题为信息学与创新，指向商业分析与信息技术治理；同一学院亦授予计算机科学博士学位。

• The Faculty of Sciences carries the widest bachelor offer of the six, teaching mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography and veterinary medicine over three years.理学院的本科面在六学院中最广，三年制专业包括数学、物理、化学、生物、地质、地理与兽医学。

• Its master degrees cover mathematics, mathematics with a focus on data science, physics, chemistry, biochemistry with molecular and cell biology, and the biology of organisms and ecology.其硕士专业含数学、侧重数据科学的数学、物理、化学、生物化学与分子细胞生物学、以及生物有机体与生态学。

• Two advanced masters are organised with partner universities, aquaculture jointly with Liège University and transportation management mainly with the Free University of Brussels.两个高级硕士由校外合作院校开设，水产养殖学与列日大学合办，交通管理则主要由布鲁塞尔自由大学承担。

• Doctoral studies in the Faculty of Sciences are divided between science in general and veterinary sciences, the latter tied to the bachelor in veterinary medicine taught at Namur.理学院的博士研究分为一般科学与兽医学两类，后者与该校的兽医本科培养相衔接。

• Research is carried in named centres attached to the faculties, among them the Research Center in Information Systems Engineering, known as PReCISE, and the Center for Research in Finance and Management, known as CeReFiM.科研依托具名研究中心，包括信息系统工程研究中心（PReCISE）与金融管理研究中心（CeReFiM）。

• The university also hosts a named professorship in security policy, the Tocqueville Chair in Security Policies, listed among the institutional entries associated with the Namur university.该校另设有托克维尔安全政策讲席这一具名教席，在机构档案中与那慕尔大学并列收录。

• Instruction is delivered in French, the language of the community to which the institution belongs, and the university is counted among the French-speaking Catholic universities of Belgium together with its three Louvain partners.授课语言为法语，即该校所属社群的语言；它与三所鲁汶伙伴院校同被列为比利时法语天主教大学。

Campus

• The university is located in Namur, and its main campus stands at the heart of the city, the capital of Wallonia, at latitude 50.4669 and longitude 4.86746.学校设于那慕尔，主校区座落城中，那慕尔为瓦隆大区首府，校区坐标为北纬 50.4669、东经 4.86746。

• The main university campus includes the university building, the six main faculties and the university libraries, so teaching, administration and collections sit in one urban core rather than on a peripheral site.主校区含大学主楼、六个主要学院与大学图书馆，教学、行政与馆藏集中于同一城市核心区，而非外迁至郊地。

• That urban core has a religious history, since the school reopened in 1831 inside the buildings of the earlier Our-Lady of Peace Benedictine abbey, whose name the institution long carried.该核心区自有宗教沿革：1831 年复校即设在原先的和平圣母本笃修院内，而该校长期沿用的名义亦出自这一修院之名。

• The library system grew in two documented phases, the Belles-Lettres library being enlarged in the project programme of 1934 and the Moretus Plantin university library opening in 1979 with more than 800,000 titles.图书馆系统有据可查的扩建分两次：1934 年项目扩建文艺图书馆，1979 年莫雷图斯·普兰坦大学图书馆开馆时藏书逾 80 万种。

• The seminars library, supplied with many new titles in the same year, serves the discussion-based teaching that the faculties organise around their courses.研讨课图书馆在同一年获增大量新书，服务于各学院围绕课程组织的讨论式教学。

• Two large lecture halls mark the campus in the record, the Pedro Arrupe amphitheater built from 1990 and the Vauban amphitheater dated to 2015.档案以两座大型讲堂标记校园建设，即 1990 年建成的佩德罗·阿鲁佩讲堂与 2015 年的沃邦讲堂。

• A building specific to physical and chemical studies dates from the 1934 programme, while the Faculty of Sciences was rebuilt in a project running from 2014 to 2017.专供物理与化学研究的建筑出自 1934 年项目，理学院则在 2014 至 2017 年的工程中完成重建。

• Namur supplies the setting for the campus as the capital of Wallonia and a city of the French Community of Belgium, in which the university has held its Jesuit identity since 1831.那慕尔作为瓦隆首府与法语社群城市为校园提供环境，该校自 1831 年起在此维持耶稣会身份。

• The institutional record places the university within the regional geography of science and technology in Wallonia, listing the science parks of Wallonia, Crealys Science Park and the list of universities in Belgium among related entries.机构档案把这所大学置于瓦隆科技版图中，与瓦隆科学园区、克雷利科学园及比利时高校列表等条目并列。

Reputation

• The QS World University Rankings 2027 place the Université de Namur in the 801-850 band, the ranking position on which this entry is written.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将该校列入第 801-850 位，本条目即据此档位收录。

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 801-1000 band, a wider range than the one the same edition of QS assigns to it.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中该校列第 801-1000 位，其区间比同年 QS 所给的档位更宽。

• The 2026-27 US News Best Global University ranking lists the institution at number 1500, the weakest of the three current positions recorded for it.在 2026-27 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中该校列第 1500 位，是其现有三项名次中最低的一项。

• No place is recorded for the university in the 2026 Shanghai Ranking of the world's top 500 universities, so it is absent from that edition of the ARWU main list.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜未见该校名次，即未进入该版 ARWU 榜单。

• Earlier global tables placed it below many western European comparators, the U.S. News & World Report Best Global University Ranking of 2021 listing it at 1436 in the world and the Center for World University Rankings of 2020-2021 at 1201.较早的世界榜单把它排在多数西欧同侪之后：2021 年 US News 全球最佳大学排名列第 1436 位，2020-2021 年世界大学中心排名列第 1201 位。

• The material available records no subject-table position for a discipline taught at Namur, so disciplinary standing cannot be given as a numerical place.可得材料未载任何学科单项榜单名次，因此其学科维度无法以具体名次表述。

• What can be stated qualitatively is the claim attached to the Institute of Computer Science founded in 1971, described as the first of its kind in Belgium and one of the leading institutions in Europe.可作的定性陈述只有一条：1971 年设立的计算机科学研究所为比利时同类之首，并被称为欧洲该领域的领先机构之一。

• Its measurable profile rests on institutional figures, namely six faculties, eleven doctoral fields in the Faculty of Economics alone, and a university library reported at more than 800,000 titles when it opened in 1979.其可计量面貌依靠机构数字支撑：六个学院、仅经济与管理科学学院即有 11 个博士领域，以及 1979 年开馆时逾 80 万种的大学图书馆藏书。

• No Nobel, Turing or Fields-level affiliation is recorded for the institution, and its documented distinctions are institutional, resting on the Jesuit foundation of 1831, the university status of 1948 and the pioneering position of its computer science faculty.该校未见诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖级人物关联，其荣誉属机构层面，依据为 1831 年的耶稣会创办、1948 年的大学地位与计算机学院的先行地位。

Student life

• Study is organised by the faculty structure, since a three-year bachelor, a two-year master and a doctoral cycle are offered inside the six faculties rather than through a separate graduate school.修读安排以学院建制为准，三年制学士、两年制硕士与博士阶段均在六个学院内部开设，未另设独立研究生院。

• The liberty of education guaranteed by the Belgian Constitution from 1831 shaped that structure, because the founding families made the teaching of philosophy and other sciences an express condition of their financing.比利时自 1831 年宪法起保障的教育自由塑造了这一建制：创办家族把教授哲学等学科明列为出资的前提条件。

• The institution has remained a Jesuit University within the French Community of Belgium ever since the Society of Jesus reopened the school in 1831, and that character continues to define its everyday life.自 1831 年耶稣会复办学校以来，该校始终是比利时法语社群内的一所耶稣会大学，这一属性持续界定其校园日常。

• Lectures of scale are held in the two amphitheaters on record, Pedro Arrupe from 1990 and Vauban from 2015, while the seminars library supports the smaller group format implied by faculty teaching.大规模授课使用档案所载两座讲堂，即 1990 年的佩德罗·阿鲁佩讲堂与 2015 年的沃邦讲堂；研讨课图书馆则支持学院教学所需的小组形式。

• Library use is central to study at Namur, the Moretus Plantin building being the largest single provision recorded for the campus and the Belles-Lettres library the older of the two.图书馆使用在那慕尔的学业中居中心地位：莫雷图斯·普兰坦馆是校园已记载的最大单项设施，文艺图书馆则是两者中较早的一座。

• Advanced masters in aquaculture and in transportation management take students to partner institutions at Liège and Brussels, the only programme mobility documented for the university.水产养殖与交通管理两个高级硕士由列日与布鲁塞尔的合作院校参与授课，是该校唯一有记载的跨校项目流动安排。

• The merger debate of 2007 to 2010, ended by an insufficient vote of the general assembly in December 2010, left the university teaching under its own banner at Namur instead of becoming a campus of a merged Catholic university.2007 至 2010 年的合并讨论以 2010 年 12 月全体大会票数不足告终，该校仍以自有名义在那慕尔办学，而未成为合并后的天主教大学校区。

• No enrolment total, student-to-staff ratio, student union, sporting team, mascot or institutional colour is recorded in the material available for this university, and those dimensions are therefore left unwritten.可得材料未载该校在校生总数、生师比、学生会、运动队、吉祥物或学校色，故这些方面一律从缺、不作臆写。

Notable people

• Belgian francophone politics passes through the university, Jean-Luc Dehaene having served as Prime Minister of Belgium and André Antoine as minister for finance of the French Community of Belgium.比利时法语社群政界与该校关系密切：让-吕克·德阿纳曾任比利时首相，安德烈·安托万曾任法语社群财政部长。

• Two further figures of the same community stand in the alumni list, Catherine Fonck as a former health minister of the French Community and Jacques van Ypersele de Strihou as a man of letters who served as private secretary of the King of Belgium.校友名录另有同社群两人：卡特琳·丰克曾任法语社群卫生部长，雅克·范伊珀瑟勒·德斯特鲁为文人并曾任比利时国王的私人秘书。

• Outside Belgium the list includes Mathias Cormann, a politician and Australia's minister for finance, and Oly Ilunga Kalenga, minister of health in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.名录中的境外人物有马蒂亚斯·科尔曼，澳大利亚财政部长，以及奥利·伦加·卡伦加，刚果民主共和国卫生部长。

• European institutions are represented by Koen Lenaerts, professor of law and judge at the European Court of Justice, and by Philippe Maystadt, a former Belgian minister and president of the European Investment Bank from 2000 to 2011.欧洲机构层面由两人代表：科恩·莱纳尔茨为法学教授、欧洲法院法官；菲利普·迈施塔特为比利时前部长，2000 至 2011 年任欧洲投资银行行长。

• Business leadership appears through Jean-François van Boxmeer, chief executive officer of Heineken International, and Georges Jacobs, chairman of the board of directors of UCB Group and of Delhaize Group and honorary chairman of UNICE.企业界有让-弗朗索瓦·范博米尔，喜力国际首席执行官；若尔日·雅各布斯，联合化学集团与德尔海兹集团董事会主席、欧洲工业联合会荣誉主席。

• In physics the record names Petra Rudolf, a solid-state physicist who served as past-president of the European Physical Society.物理领域档案列有彼得拉·鲁道夫，她是固体物理学家，并曾任欧洲物理学会主席。

• In computing it names Pascal Van Hentenryck, a theorist of constraint programming and optimisation who directs the National Science Foundation AI Institute for Advances in Optimization in the United States.计算机领域列有帕斯卡尔·范亨滕里克，他是约束规划与最优化理论学者，执掌美国国家科学基金会的人工智能优化推进研究所。

• Historiography and heritage are represented by Andries Van den Abeele, recorded as a historian, historical preservationist, politician and entrepreneur.史学与遗产保护方面由安德里斯·范登阿贝莱代表，档案记其为历史学家、遗产保护者、政治家与企业家。

• The founding figures of the institution are collective rather than personal, since the Society of Jesus reopened the school in 1831 with financing from prominent Namurian families whose individual names are not given in the account.该校的创办主体是集体而非个人：1831 年由耶稣会复校、由那慕尔望族出资，而档案未列出这些家族的具名个人。

• The alumni list is the only prosopography available for the university in the material used, since no chancellor, rector or faculty dean is named anywhere in its historical account.在校友名录之外，所用材料不含任何人物志信息：其校史部分未提及校长、教务长或任何学院院长的人名。