University of Žilina

The University of Žilina (Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, UNIZA) is a public technical university in Žilina, north-western Slovakia, founded in 1953 as the College of Railways and renamed to its present title by Slovak law in 1996.日利纳大学（Žilinská univerzita v Žiline，UNIZA）是斯洛伐克西北部日利纳市的公立技术大学，1953 年以铁路学院之名创办，1996 年依斯洛伐克法律改为现名。

It is the only university in north-western Slovakia, with seven faculties, about 8,000 students in 169 accredited programmes and a campus at Veľký Diel that specialises in transport, mechanical and electrical engineering, informatics and security.该校是斯洛伐克西北部唯一的大学，设七个学院，在 169 个认证项目中约有 8000 名学生，位于大杰尔校区的校园以交通、机械与电气工程、信息学及安全工程为特色。

QS placed it in the 1201-1400 band for 2027, Times Higher Education ranked it 1401-1600, U.S. News listed it among universities that entered its 2026-27 global table without receiving a rank, and the 2026 ARWU main table does not include it.QS 将其列入 2027 年 1201-1400 区间，泰晤士高等教育排名为 1401-1600，U.S. News 将其列入 2026-2027 年度全球榜单但未获名次，2026 年软科主榜未收录该校。

History

• The university descends from the College of Railways, created on 1 September 1953 by separating the railway engineering units of the Czech Technical University in Prague into an independent institution.该校源于铁路学院，1953 年 9 月 1 日由布拉格捷克技术大学的铁路工程单位分离出来成为独立院校。

• The Prague college opened with five faculties, transport, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and a military faculty, and it trained engineers for the Czechoslovak state railway network.这所布拉格学院最初设运输、土木工程、机械工程、电气工程与军事五个学院，为捷克斯洛伐克国家铁路网培养工程师。

• In 1959 the school was renamed the University of Transport, a title that reflected its broader remit over road, rail and water transport rather than railways alone.1959 年学校更名为交通大学，这一名称反映其职责已从单一铁路扩展到公路、铁路与水运。

• On 6 September 1960 the university moved from Prague to Žilina, a city whose railway workshops and junction on the Košice-Bohumín line made it a natural home for transport engineering.1960 年 9 月 6 日，大学从布拉格迁至日利纳，这座城市在科希策-博胡明铁路上的车辆厂与枢纽地位使其成为交通工程的自然落脚点。

• After the move the university occupied provisional buildings in the city centre while a new campus was laid out at Veľký Diel, a hillside site south of the old town.迁校后大学暂用市中心的临时建筑，同时在老城以南的山坡地块大杰尔规划新校园。

• The Veľký Diel campus was built in the 1960s and 1970s in the functionalist concrete idiom of socialist Czechoslovakia, with faculty pavilions, dormitories and a central dining hall.大杰尔校园于 20 世纪 60 至 70 年代按社会主义捷克斯洛伐克的功能主义混凝土风格建成，包括各学院馆舍、宿舍与中央食堂。

• The first cohorts to study in Žilina moved into the new Veľký Diel dormitories in the late 1960s, and the campus became the social centre of a university that had arrived from Prague without buildings of its own.最早在日利纳就读的学生于 20 世纪 60 年代后期迁入大杰尔新宿舍，校园由此成为这所从布拉格迁来、起初并无自有建筑的大学的社会中心。

• Through the 1970s the university expanded research on rolling stock, signalling, road construction and telecommunications, and it became the main engineering school of the Slovak part of Czechoslovakia.20 世纪 70 年代，大学扩展了机车车辆、信号、道路建设与电信研究，成为捷克斯洛伐克斯洛伐克部分的主要工程院校。

• In 1980 the institution was renamed the University of Transport and Communications, recognising the growing weight of telecommunications and postal systems in its curriculum.1980 年，学校更名为交通与通信大学，以承认电信与邮政系统在课程中日益增加的权重。

• The Velvet Revolution of 1989 opened the university to Western partnerships, and from 1990 it began sending staff to TEMPUS and COST projects and welcoming foreign visiting professors.1989 年天鹅绒革命使大学向西欧伙伴开放，自 1990 年起它开始派员参加 TEMPUS 与 COST 项目并接待外国访问教授。

• The peaceful division of Czechoslovakia on 1 January 1993 left the university in the new Slovak Republic, where it became one of the country's principal technical institutions.1993 年 1 月 1 日捷克斯洛伐克和平解体，大学留在新成立的斯洛伐克共和国，成为该国主要技术院校之一。

• On 20 November 1996 the Slovak National Council passed law 324/1996 renaming the institution the University of Žilina, the name it has used ever since.1996 年 11 月 20 日，斯洛伐克民族议会通过第 324/1996 号法律，将学校更名为日利纳大学，此名沿用至今。

• In 1996 and 1997 two newly created faculties, industrial technology and the St. Andrew catechetical-pedagogical faculty, were detached to become the basis of separate Slovak universities.1996 与 1997 年，新设的工业技术学院与圣安德烈教理师范两个学院被分出，成为另外两所斯洛伐克大学的基础。

• A Faculty of Science was founded in 1998 to broaden the university beyond engineering, and in 2010 it was renamed the Faculty of Humanities, adding languages, media and cultural studies.1998 年设立理学院，使大学超越工科范围，2010 年该院更名为人文学院，增设语言、媒体与文化研究。

• The former military faculty became the Faculty of Special Engineering and began its civilian transformation in 2001, when it passed to the education ministry and opened to civilian students.原军事学院成为特殊工程学院，并于 2001 年开始民用化转型，划归教育部并向平民学生开放。

• In 2000 the university joined the European University Association, underwent a full EUA evaluation in 2002 and a follow-up evaluation in 2005-2006, one of only two Slovak universities to do so.2000 年大学加入欧洲大学协会，2002 年接受全面评估，2005 至 2006 年又接受后续评估，是当时仅有的两所完成此程序的斯洛伐克大学之一。

• European Union structural funds after 2004 financed new laboratories, a science park and IT infrastructure, allowing the university to modernise research equipment that had aged during the 1990s.2004 年后的欧盟结构基金资助了新实验室、科学园与信息技术基础设施，使大学得以更新在 20 世纪 90 年代老化的科研设备。

• In March 2024 the university announced that it would close the Faculty of Humanities because of financial pressure, a decision that affected up to 500 students and was completed in 2025.2024 年 3 月，大学因财政压力宣布关闭人文学院，此举影响多达 500 名学生，并于 2025 年完成。

• Ján Čelko, a professor of electrical engineering, became rector on 3 July 2022, succeeding Jozef Jandačka, and has focused on transport decarbonisation and cooperation with industry.电气工程教授扬·切尔科于 2022 年 7 月 3 日接替约瑟夫·扬达奇卡出任校长，重点推进交通脱碳与产业合作。

• In 2025 the university retained the Institute of Media and Cultural Heritage as the surviving unit of the closed humanities faculty, preserving its teaching in media production and heritage studies.2025 年，大学保留媒体与文化遗产研究所作为已关闭人文学院的存续单位，维持媒体制作与遗产研究的教学。

Academics

• The university has seven faculties, transport operation and economics, civil engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and information technology, management science and informatics, security engineering and humanities.大学设七个学院，即运输运营与经济、土木工程、机械工程、电气工程与信息技术、管理科学与信息学、安全工程以及人文学院。

• It offers 169 accredited bachelor's, engineer-master's and doctoral programmes, and all faculties provide a supplementary pedagogical course that qualifies graduates to teach in vocational schools.大学开设 169 个认证的学士、工程师-硕士与博士项目，各学院均提供补充教育课程，使毕业生具备在职业学校任教的资格。

• Transport operation and economics is the historic core, covering rail, road, air and urban transport, logistics, ticketing systems and the economics of transport enterprises.运输运营与经济是历史核心，涵盖铁路、公路、航空与城市交通、物流、票务系统以及运输企业经济学。

• The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology teaches power systems, electronics, control engineering, telecommunications and computer networks, and it hosts the university's largest doctoral programme.电气工程与信息技术学院教授电力系统、电子学、控制工程、电信与计算机网络，并承办大学规模最大的博士项目。

• The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering works on vehicle design, combustion engines, railway rolling stock, manufacturing technology and biomechanics, with laboratories for engine testing and materials fatigue.机械工程学院研究车辆设计、内燃机、铁路机车车辆、制造技术与生物力学，设有发动机测试与材料疲劳实验室。

• The Faculty of Civil Engineering specialises in transport structures, bridges, tunnels, geotechnics and building information modelling, and it tests materials for road and rail projects across Slovakia.土木工程学院专长于交通结构、桥梁、隧道、岩土工程与建筑信息模型，并为斯洛伐克各地公路与铁路项目测试材料。

• The Faculty of Management Science and Informatics combines operations research, information systems, data science and regional economics, and it is the university's main link to the IT sector of Žilina.管理科学与信息学学院结合运筹学、信息系统、数据科学与区域经济学，是大学与日利纳信息技术产业的主要纽带。

• The Faculty of Security Engineering, descended from the military faculty, teaches crisis management, fire engineering, forensic analysis and critical-infrastructure protection.安全工程学院源自军事学院，教授危机管理、消防工程、司法鉴定分析与关键基础设施保护。

• The Institute of Forensic Engineering investigates traffic accidents, structural failures and fires for courts and insurers, and it is one of the university's best-known applied-research units.司法鉴定工程研究所为法院与保险公司调查交通事故、结构失效与火灾，是大学最知名的应用研究单位之一。

• CETRA, the Centre of Transport Research, runs simulators, track test equipment and traffic models, and it evaluates road and rail projects for the Slovak ministry of transport.交通研究中心 CETRA 运营模拟器、轨道测试设备与交通模型，并为斯洛伐克交通部评估公路与铁路项目。

• The Institute of High Mountain Biology in the High Tatras studies alpine ecology, climate change and mountain biodiversity, giving the technical university an unexpected field-research base.设在高塔特拉山脉的高山生物学研究所研究高山生态、气候变化与山地生物多样性，为这所技术大学提供了意外醒目的野外研究基地。

• The Aviation Training and Educational Centre trains pilots and air-traffic specialists and cooperates with Žilina airport and Slovak air navigation services.航空培训与教育中心培养飞行员与空管专业人员，并与日利纳机场及斯洛伐克空中导航服务机构合作。

• The university employs about 1,500 academic and administrative staff and has produced almost 90,000 graduates, including 1,500 foreign students, since 1953.大学约有 1500 名学术与行政人员，自 1953 年以来培养近 9 万名毕业生，其中包括 1500 名外国学生。

• OpenAlex records 16,179 works and 282,247 citations for the university, with concentrations in transport engineering, electrical machines, materials and safety science.OpenAlex 记录该校 16179 篇成果与 282247 次引用，集中于交通工程、电机、材料与安全科学。

• Research funding comes from Slovak grant agencies, the EU framework programmes and industrial contracts with railway operators, car parts makers and energy companies.研究经费来自斯洛伐克资助机构、欧盟框架计划以及与铁路运营商、汽车零部件制造商和能源企业的产业合同。

• International cooperation includes Erasmus agreements across Europe, CEEPUS networks with Central Europe, DAAD partnerships in Germany and TEMPUS projects in the Western Balkans.国际合作包括覆盖欧洲的伊拉斯谟协议、与中欧的 CEEPUS 网络、德国的 DAAD 合作以及西巴尔干地区的 TEMPUS 项目。

• Erasmus agreements link the university with the Brno University of Technology, the Vienna University of Technology and the Cracow University of Technology, while its doctoral graduates also teach at Comenius University in Bratislava.伊拉斯谟协议把该校与布尔诺技术大学、维也纳技术大学和克拉科夫技术大学联系起来，其博士毕业生也在布拉迪斯拉发的夸美纽斯大学任教。

• Admission is based on secondary-school results and, for some programmes, entrance examinations in mathematics and physics, with separate quotas for external and internal applicants.招生依据中学成绩，部分专业还举行数学与物理入学考试，并对校外与校内申请者设不同名额。

Campus

• The Veľký Diel campus lies about two kilometres south of Žilina's historic square, on a slope above the Váh river, and it is reached by trolleybus and bus lines from the centre.大杰尔校区位于日利纳历史广场以南约两公里、瓦赫河上方山坡，可乘无轨电车与公交从市中心抵达。

• The campus is a compact ensemble of 1960s and 1970s pavilions, with faculty buildings, a library, dormitories, canteens and sports grounds within walking distance of one another.校园是 20 世纪 60 至 70 年代馆舍组成的紧凑建筑群，学院楼、图书馆、宿舍、食堂与运动场彼此步行可达。

• The University Library holds transport, engineering and economics collections, provides access to Slovak and international databases, and serves the regional engineering community as well as students.大学图书馆收藏交通、工程与经济学文献，提供斯洛伐克及国际数据库访问，既服务学生也服务地区工程界。

• Dormitories at Veľký Diel house several thousand students in blocks with kitchens, study rooms and a student club, and the campus has a canteen and a small shopping centre.大杰尔宿舍以楼群形式容纳数千名学生，配有厨房、自习室与学生俱乐部，校园内还有食堂与小型商业中心。

• The campus sports complex includes halls for basketball, volleyball and futsal, a fitness centre and outdoor pitches, and it is used by university teams and by city clubs.校园体育设施包括篮球、排球与五人制足球馆、健身中心与室外球场，供大学队伍和城市俱乐部使用。

• Žilina is Slovakia's fourth-largest city, with about 80,000 inhabitants, a well-preserved medieval square, the Budatín castle and a railway junction that has shaped its economy since the nineteenth century.日利纳是斯洛伐克第四大城市，约 8 万人口，拥有保存完好的中世纪广场、布达廷城堡以及自十九世纪以来塑造其经济的铁路枢纽。

• The campus is close to the Žilina industrial park and to automotive suppliers such as Kia's Slovak plant, which provides internships and applied projects for engineering students.校园靠近日利纳工业园与起亚斯洛伐克工厂等汽车供应商，后者为工程学生提供实习与应用项目。

• The Malá Fatra and Veľká Fatra mountains and the Terchová valley are within an hour of the city, and student outdoor clubs use them for hiking, climbing and skiing at weekends.小法特拉山、大法特拉山与特尔霍瓦谷距城市一小时以内，学生户外社团周末在此徒步、攀岩与滑雪。

Reputation

• QS placed the University of Žilina in the 1201-1400 band for 2027, after a 1001-1200 position in the 2026 edition, a fluctuation typical of specialised technical universities with modest citation counts.QS 将日利纳大学列入 2027 年 1201-1400 区间，此前在 2026 年版位列 1001-1200，这种波动在引用量不大的专业型技术大学中较为常见。

• Times Higher Education ranked it 1401-1600 for 2027, and U.S. News listed it in its 2026-27 global table without assigning a numerical rank, which indicates inclusion in the data set rather than a scored position.泰晤士高等教育将其排在 2027 年 1401-1600 位，U.S. News 2026-2027 年度全球榜单将其纳入但未给出具体名次，说明其进入数据采集范围而未获评分位次。

• The 2026 ARWU main table does not include the university, a reflection of its applied engineering profile and its limited output in the highly cited journals that ARWU counts.2026 年软科主榜未收录该校，这反映其应用工程定位以及在软科所统计的高被引期刊上产出有限。

• Nationally UNIZA is recognised as Slovakia's leading transport university, and its graduates staff the state railway companies, road administration and automotive industry.在国内，UNIZA 被视为斯洛伐克领先的交通类大学，毕业生供职于国家铁路公司、公路管理部门与汽车工业。

• Its research output, 16,179 works and 282,247 citations in OpenAlex, is modest in absolute terms but concentrated in engineering fields with direct industrial application.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校 16179 篇成果与 282247 次引用在绝对数量上不大，但集中于具有直接工业应用价值的工程领域。

• The university is a member of the European University Association and has participated in EU framework programmes since the 1990s, including TEMPUS, COST and the sixth and seventh framework programmes.该校是欧洲大学协会成员，自 20 世纪 90 年代以来参与欧盟框架计划，包括 TEMPUS、COST 以及第六与第七框架计划。

• Employer recognition is strongest among Slovak and Central European transport, energy and manufacturing firms, where UNIZA engineers are valued for applied skills rather than for research prestige.该校的雇主认可度在斯洛伐克与中欧的交通、能源与制造企业中最高，UNIZA 工程师以应用能力而非研究声望受到重视。

• The closure of the Faculty of Humanities in 2025 narrowed the university's profile back toward technical and engineering disciplines, reversing two decades of diversification.2025 年人文学院的关闭使大学定位重新收窄至技术与工程学科，逆转了此前二十年的多元化趋势。

• The university does not appear in the top 500 of the QS subject tables, and its strongest external recognition comes from transport research, forensic engineering and safety science rather than from broad league-table standing.该校未进入 QS 学科榜前 500，其最强的外部认可来自交通研究、司法鉴定工程与安全科学，而非综合排行榜地位。

• In the QS Europe University Rankings for 2026 the university was placed around 460th, a stronger position than its world ranking suggests because the European table, which covers more than 700 institutions, rewards regional cooperation and mobility.在 2026 年 QS 欧洲大学排名中，该校位列第 460 名左右，这一位置好于其世界排名，因为覆盖 700 余所高校的欧洲榜单更看重区域合作与流动。

Student life

• The university has no formal Latin motto, although it uses the Latin name Universitas Solnensis in ceremonial documents, and its identity is built around transport engineering and the Veľký Diel campus.该校没有正式的拉丁文校训，但在礼仪文书中使用拉丁名 Universitas Solnensis，其身份围绕交通工程与大杰尔校园构建。

• Student government runs through the Student Parliament and faculty senates, which allocate dormitory places, fund clubs and represent students in academic and social affairs.学生自治通过学生议会与各学院评议会运作，负责分配宿舍名额、资助社团并在学术与社会事务中代表学生。

• The university's majáles, held in May, is the main student festival of the year, with concerts, faculty competitions and an outdoor programme on the campus grounds.每年五月举行的大学生节是该校年度主要学生庆典，包括音乐会、学院竞赛与校园户外活动。

• Sports life is organised by the university sports centre and by student clubs in football, ice hockey, basketball, volleyball, swimming and orienteering.体育生活由大学体育中心以及足球、冰球、篮球、排球、游泳与定向越野学生社团组织。

• Žilina's ice-hockey and football clubs give students professional sport to watch, and the city's cafes, pubs and riverside paths are the main social spaces outside the campus.日利纳的冰球与足球俱乐部为学生提供职业赛事，城市中的咖啡馆、酒吧与河畔步道是校园外的主要社交空间。

• The student radio and the university's online news channels cover campus events, while faculty noticeboards and social-media groups carry most day-to-day student communication.学生广播与大学网络新闻渠道报道校园活动，而学院公告栏与社交媒体群组承担大部分日常学生沟通。

• Dormitory culture is strong at Veľký Diel, where students from different faculties share blocks and organise floor parties, film nights and sports tournaments.大杰尔宿舍文化浓厚，不同学院的学生共用楼群，并组织楼层聚会、电影之夜与体育比赛。

• The city's location in the Váh valley gives students access to hiking, cycling and skiing, and the university outdoor club runs regular weekend trips to the Malá Fatra and the High Tatras.城市位于瓦赫河谷，学生可徒步、骑行与滑雪，大学户外社团定期组织前往小法特拉山与高塔特拉山的周末活动。

• The student council runs an orientation week each September with campus tours, faculty presentations and a welcome fair where clubs and sports sections recruit new members.学生委员会每年九月组织迎新周，包括校园参观、学院介绍以及社团与运动队招募新成员的迎新集市。

Notable people

• Ján Čelko, a professor of electrical engineering, became rector in July 2022 and has led the university's shift toward sustainable transport and battery research.电气工程教授扬·切尔科于 2022 年 7 月出任校长，领导大学转向可持续交通与电池研究。

• Jozef Jandačka, rector from 2014 to 2022, is a specialist in power engineering and biomass combustion who built the university's energy research programme.约瑟夫·扬达奇卡于 2014 至 2022 年任校长，是动力工程与生物质燃烧专家，奠定了大学的能源研究项目。

• Rudolf Huliak, born in 1975, studied at the university and became a member of the Slovak National Council and leader of the National Coalition party.鲁道夫·胡利亚克生于 1975 年，曾在该校就读，后成为斯洛伐克民族议会议员与民族联盟党领导人。

• Ľubomír Vážny, Minister of Transport of Slovakia in several governments, trained as an engineer in Žilina and worked on the country's road and rail investment programmes.卢博米尔·瓦日尼曾在多届斯洛伐克政府中任交通部长，在日利纳接受工程师训练，主持国家公路与铁路投资计划。

• Ján Mikolaj, Minister of Education from 2006 to 2010, studied electrical engineering at the university and later shaped Slovak higher-education policy.扬·米科拉伊于 2006 至 2010 年任教育部长，在该校学习电气工程，后来参与制定斯洛伐克高等教育政策。

• Anna Križanová, a professor of mathematical modelling, serves as vice-rector for education and has worked on the university's accreditation and quality-assurance systems.数学建模教授安娜·克日扎诺娃任主管教学的副校长，负责大学的认证与质量保障体系。

• Pavol Rafajdus, a professor of electrical machines, is vice-rector for research and leads work on traction motors and electric-drive efficiency.电机教授帕沃尔·拉法伊杜斯任主管研究的副校长，领导牵引电机与电驱动效率研究。

• Jozef Ristvej, a specialist in crisis management, is vice-rector for international relations and has coordinated the university's security-engineering projects.危机管理专家约瑟夫·里斯茨韦伊任主管国际关系的副校长，协调大学的安全工程项目。

• Andrej Czán, a manufacturing engineer, is vice-rector for development and works on machining technology and university-industry cooperation in the Žilina region.制造工程师安德烈·灿任主管发展的副校长，从事切削加工技术以及日利纳地区的校企合作。

• Karol Matiaško, a computer scientist, is vice-rector for information systems and has built the university's administrative and learning-management platforms.计算机科学家卡罗尔·马蒂亚什科任主管信息系统的副校长，建设了大学的行政与学习管理平台。