University of Łódź

The University of Łódź (UŁ) is a public research university in Łódź, Poland, founded in 1945 as the successor of three higher education institutions that had operated in the city during the interwar period.罗兹大学（Uniwersytet Łódzki，简称 UŁ）是波兰罗兹的一所公立研究型大学，创办于 1945 年，承续了两次世界大战之间在罗兹办学的三所高等教育机构。

A state-owned classical university, it is one of 18 institutions of its type in Poland and the largest university in Łódź, organised into 12 faculties and enrolling more than 25,000 students taught by about 2,600 academic teachers.该校为国立古典大学，是波兰 18 所同类院校之一，也是罗兹规模最大的大学，下设 12 个学院，在校生超过 25,000 人，学术教师约 2,600 人。

It is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, and the OpenAlex index records 49,991 works and 1,025,249 citations associated with the university.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1001-1200 区间，OpenAlex 数据库收录其 49,991 篇研究成果与 1,025,249 次引用。

History

• The oldest predecessor was the Teacher Training Institute, a pedagogical school that operated in Łódź from 1921 to 1928 and supplied teachers to a city expanding rapidly around its textile mills.最早的前身是罗兹教师培训学院，这所师范学校于 1921 至 1928 年在罗兹办学，为这座围绕纺织厂迅速扩张的城市输送师资。
• The Higher School of Social and Economic Sciences, founded in 1924 and active until 1928, gave the city its first centre for economics teaching and research.社会经济高等学院创办于 1924 年、办学至 1928 年，为这座城市带来了第一个经济学教学与研究中心。
• From 1928 to 1939 a local division of the Free Polish University of Warsaw taught law, economics and the humanities in Łódź, and several of its staff later helped to build the new university.1928 至 1939 年，华沙自由波兰大学在罗兹设立的分部教授法律、经济学与人文学科，其部分教师后来参与筹建了这所新大学。
• The institution was created in the aftermath of the Second World War, when Warsaw lay in ruins after the 1944 uprising and academics expelled from Lviv, annexed by the Soviet Union, were seeking posts.该校诞生于第二次世界大战之后：1944 年华沙起义后全城几成废墟，而来自被苏联兼并的利沃夫的学者正四处寻找教职。
• Professor Teodor Vieweger of the Free Polish University was one of the leading founders, and the university was formally established in 1945 by decision of the Polish authorities.自由波兰大学的特奥多尔·维韦格教授是主要创办人之一，该校于 1945 年经波兰当局决定正式设立。
• In its first academic year, 1945-1946, the University of Łódź admitted more than 7,000 students and was divided into six faculties, among them pharmacy, medicine and dentistry.在 1945 至 1946 学年的首个学年，罗兹大学录取了 7,000 余名学生，下设六个学院，其中包括药学、医学与牙医学。
• Tadeusz Kotarbiński, a philosopher of the Lwów-Warsaw school and the author of the theory of praxiology, served as the first rector from 1945 to 1949.塔尔杜什·科塔尔宾斯基是利沃夫-华沙学派的哲学家、实践学理论的创立者，于 1945 至 1949 年担任首任校长。
• Józef Chałasiński, a sociologist of the peasantry and of Polish social structure, was rector from 1949 to 1952, when the institution was being reorganised along Stalinist lines.约瑟夫·哈瓦辛斯基是研究农民阶层与波兰社会结构的社会学家，1949 至 1952 年任校长，其时学校正按斯大林主义模式重组。
• In 1950 the faculties of medicine, pharmacy and dentistry were detached to form a separate medical academy, today the Medical University of Łódź, leaving the university with a non-medical profile.1950 年，医学、药学与牙医学三个学院被分出，组建为独立的医学院校，即今日的罗兹医科大学，罗兹大学由此转为非医学类院校。
• The School of Polish for Foreigners, the first institution of its kind in Poland, was founded in 1952 and has taught Polish language and culture to foreign students ever since.外国人波兰语学校创办于 1952 年，是波兰第一所此类学校，此后一直为外国学生教授波兰语言与文化。
• Jan Szczepański, later president of the Polish Academy of Sciences, was rector from 1952 to 1956, a period in which the university's sociology and economics gained national standing.后来出任波兰科学院院长的扬·什切潘斯基在 1952 至 1956 年任校长，这一时期该校的社会学与经济学在全国确立了地位。
• Adam Szpunar, a specialist in civil law and insurance law, led the university from 1956 to 1962, after the political thaw of October 1956 had loosened ideological control over teaching.民法与保险法专家亚当·什普纳尔于 1956 至 1962 年主持校务，此前 1956 年十月的政治解冻已放松了对教学的思想控制。
• During the post-war decades the original six units were subdivided into the twelve faculties that still define the institution, adding philology, philosophy and history, geography, mathematics and physics, management and educational sciences.战后数十年间，最初的六个学院被逐步细分为今日的十二个学院，新增了语文学、哲学与历史学、地理学、数学与物理学、管理学以及教育学。
• Jerzy Wróblewski, a theorist of legal interpretation, became rector in 1981, the year in which martial law was imposed in Poland and academic life was subjected to severe restrictions.法律解释学理论家耶日·弗鲁布莱夫斯基在 1981 年出任校长，同年波兰实施戒严，学术生活受到严格限制。
• Zdzisław Skwarczyński, a historian of Polish literature, was rector from 1969 to 1972 after the March 1968 crisis had disrupted campuses, and the physicist Leszek Wojtczak led the university from 1984 to 1990, a term that ended with the Round Table talks and the 1989 elections.波兰文学史家兹济斯瓦夫·斯克瓦尔琴斯基在 1968 年三月危机波及全国校园后，于 1969 至 1972 年任校长；物理学家莱谢克·沃伊查克则于 1984 至 1990 年主持校务，其任期以 1989 年圆桌会议与选举告终。
• The Higher Education Act of 1990 restored the autonomy of Polish universities, and Michał Seweryński, a labour-law scholar, became rector that year and served until 1996.1990 年《高等教育法》恢复了波兰大学的自治权，劳动法学者米哈乌·塞韦林斯基同年出任校长并任职至 1996 年。
• Michał Seweryński later served as Poland's minister of science and higher education from 2005 to 2007, in the governments of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz and Jarosław Kaczyński.米哈乌·塞韦林斯基后来于 2005 至 2007 年在卡齐米日·马尔钦凯维奇与雅罗斯瓦夫·卡钦斯基两届政府中出任波兰科学和高等教育部长。
• A branch campus was opened in Tomaszów Mazowiecki in 1998, extending the university's teaching beyond Łódź into the surrounding region.1998 年，学校在托马舒夫-马佐维茨基设立分校，把教学从罗兹延伸至周边地区。
• Stanisław Liszewski, a geographer, was rector from 1996 to 2002 and Wiesław Puś, a historian, from 2002 to 2008, the years in which Poland joined the European Union and Erasmus mobility expanded sharply.地理学家斯坦尼斯瓦夫·利谢夫斯基在 1996 至 2002 年任校长，历史学家维耶斯瓦夫·普希在 2002 至 2008 年继任，其间波兰加入欧盟，伊拉斯谟流动迅速扩大。
• Włodzimierz Nykiel, a tax-law scholar, was rector from 2008 to 2016, a period in which the university expanded its English-taught programmes and its international partnerships.税法学者沃齐米日·尼凯尔于 2008 至 2016 年任校长，任内学校扩大了英语授课项目与国际合作伙伴网络。
• Antoni Różalski, a biologist, was rector from 2016 to 2020, and the university revised its statute in those years to align with the 2018 Law on Higher Education and Science.生物学家安东尼·鲁扎尔斯基在 2016 至 2020 年任校长，学校在此期间修订章程，以对接 2018 年《高等教育与科学法》。
• Elżbieta Żądzińska, an anthropologist, was rector from 2020 to 2024, and Rafał Matera, an economist, began his four-year term as rector in 2024.人类学家埃尔日别塔·容津斯卡于 2020 至 2024 年任校长，经济学家拉法乌·马特拉于 2024 年开始其四年校长任期。
• The university now cooperates with 385 partner institutions worldwide, and its academics take part in Erasmus exchanges and joint-degree schemes across Europe and beyond.该校目前与全球 385 所伙伴院校开展合作，教师参与伊拉斯谟交换项目以及欧洲内外的联合学位计划。

Academics

• The university is organised into 12 faculties covering biology and environmental protection, chemistry, economics and sociology, philology, philosophy and history, physics and applied informatics, and mathematics and computer science.学校下设 12 个学院，涵盖生物学与环境保护、化学、经济学与社会学、语文学、哲学与历史学、物理学与应用信息学、数学与计算机科学。
• The remaining faculties cover geographical sciences, law and administration, management, educational sciences, and international and political studies, giving the university a full classical range of disciplines.其余学院涵盖地理学、法律与行政、管理学、教育学以及国际与政治研究，使该校具备完整的古典学科门类。
• It offers first-cycle, second-cycle and doctoral degrees together with more than a hundred postgraduate courses, and selected programmes are taught entirely in English for Polish and overseas students.学校开设本科、硕士与博士三级学位以及一百多个研究生课程，部分专业全程以英语授课，面向波兰与外国学生。
• Around 25,000 students are enrolled and taught by about 2,600 academic teachers, a ratio that reflects the university's character as a broad comprehensive institution rather than a small elite school.在校生约 25,000 人，由约 2,600 名学术教师授课，这一比例体现出该校作为综合性大学而非小型精英学院的定位。
• The international network covers 385 partner institutions, and students may obtain dual diplomas with partners including Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3, Université François-Rabelais in Tours and the University of Texas at Austin.其国际网络覆盖 385 所伙伴院校，学生可与里昂第三大学、图尔弗朗索瓦·拉伯雷大学、德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校等伙伴取得双学位。
• Further dual-degree partners include the University of Baltimore, the R. H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, Centria University of Applied Sciences in Kokkola and Towson University.其他双学位伙伴还包括巴尔的摩大学、马里兰大学史密斯商学院、科科拉的中央应用科学大学以及陶森大学。
• The University of Łódź Library holds about 3 million volumes and is described by the university as one of the largest and most modern academic libraries in Central Europe.罗兹大学图书馆藏书约 300 万册，校方称其为中欧规模最大、设施最现代化的高校图书馆之一。
• Apart from the main library the university runs 106 branch libraries, whose collections are tailored to the teaching and research needs of individual faculties, and more than 20,000 registered users borrow from the system.除总馆外，学校还设有 106 个院系分馆，馆藏依各学院的教学与研究需要配置，注册借阅用户超过 20,000 人。
• The School of Polish for Foreigners, founded in 1952, is the oldest such school in Poland and remains a distinct unit teaching language, literature and culture.创办于 1952 年的外国人波兰语学校是波兰历史最悠久的同类学校，至今仍是独立教学单位，教授语言、文学与文化。
• The school runs one-month, five-month and nine-month preparatory courses that combine intensive Polish with introductory courses in the humanities, medicine, technology, economics and agriculture.该校开设一个月、五个月与九个月的预科课程，把强化波兰语与人文学科、医学、技术、经济学及农学的入门课程结合起来。
• The Alexis de Tocqueville Center for Political and Legal Thought is a named research unit devoted to comparative constitutional and political theory.阿列克西·德·托克维尔政治与法律思想研究中心是该校的具名研究机构，专攻比较宪法与政治理论。
• In a 2011 ranking published by the finance newspaper Gazeta Bankowa the university took third place among Polish universities for the quality of teaching in the economic sciences.在财经报纸《银行报》2011 年发布的排名中，该校的经济学教学质量在波兰高校中位列第三。
• A 2010 ranking by the Polish Ministry of Justice placed the university second among Polish institutions for the preparation of future legal counsels and civil-law notaries.波兰司法部 2010 年的一项排名将该校列为波兰培养未来法律顾问与公证人水平第二的高校。
• In the same year a comparison drawing on the QS and Webometrics rankings put the university fourth among Polish higher education institutions for international prestige.同年一项综合 QS 与 Webometrics 榜单的比较将该校列为波兰高等院校国际声望第四位。
• Since the 2018 Law on Higher Education and Science, doctoral candidates have been trained in the university's doctoral school rather than in separate faculty programmes.自 2018 年《高等教育与科学法》实施以来，博士生统一在学校的博士生院培养，而不再分属各学院的独立项目。
• Much of the university's research is published in Polish, but its output indexed by OpenAlex amounts to 49,991 works and 1,025,249 citations, spanning the natural sciences, social sciences and humanities.该校研究成果多以波兰语发表，OpenAlex 收录其 49,991 篇成果与 1,025,249 次引用，覆盖自然科学、社会科学与人文学科。
• The branch in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, opened in 1998, offers first-cycle courses and continuing education to students in the eastern part of the Łódź region.1998 年设立的托马舒夫-马佐维茨基分校为罗兹地区东部的学生开设本科课程与继续教育。
• As one of Poland's 18 classical universities, it combines law, economics, the humanities and social sciences with biology, chemistry, physics and geography in a single institution.作为波兰 18 所古典大学之一，该校在同一机构内兼有法律、经济学、人文与社会科学以及生物学、化学、物理学和地理学。

Campus

• The university has no single enclosed campus, and its faculties occupy historic and post-war buildings scattered through the centre of Łódź, including the Collegium Iuridicum at the Solidarności roundabout.该校没有单一的封闭校园，各学院分布在罗兹市中心的历史建筑与战后建筑中，其中包括位于团结环岛的法学馆。
• The Faculty of Law and Administration uses the Collegium Iuridicum, while the Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection has its own laboratory building and maintains the university's Museum of Natural History in Sienkiewicz Park.法律与行政学院使用法学馆，生物学与环境保护学院拥有独立实验楼，并在显克维奇公园内管理学校的自然史博物馆。
• The main library building houses the central collection of about 3 million volumes, most of them held in store-rooms and retrieved for readers, and provides reading rooms, reference sections and self-checkout machines.总馆大楼收藏约 300 万册核心藏书，其中大部分存放于书库、按读者需求调取，馆内设有阅览室、参考区与自助借还设备。
• Several faculty buildings date from the post-war decades, when Łódź expanded rapidly and the university converted and extended pre-war school and office buildings for teaching.若干院系馆舍建于战后数十年间，当时罗兹迅速扩张，学校将战前的学校与办公楼改造扩建为教学空间。
• Łódź, the country's third-largest city, grew as a textile centre in the nineteenth century, and its industrial palaces and factories form the backdrop to the university's dispersed buildings.罗兹是波兰第三大城市，十九世纪因纺织业而兴起，城中的工业宫殿与厂房构成该校分散馆舍的城市背景，校区与街区生活彼此交织。
• A branch campus in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, about 45 kilometres east of Łódź, was opened in 1998 and serves students who do not move to the main city, offering first-cycle and extramural courses.位于罗兹以东约 45 公里的托马舒夫-马佐维茨基分校于 1998 年启用，为不迁往主城的学生提供本科与函授课程。
• The Museum of Natural History, in Sienkiewicz Park, holds zoological and botanical collections used in teaching biology and environmental protection and opened to the public, with exhibits on the region's fauna.位于显克维奇公园的自然史博物馆收藏动物学与植物学标本，既用于生物学与环境保护教学，也向公众开放，设有介绍本地区动物群的展区。
• The university's central buildings stand at about 51.77 degrees north and 19.47 degrees east, within walking distance of the Piotrkowska Street promenade and the city's main tram lines.该校中心馆舍位于北纬约 51.77 度、东经约 19.47 度，步行可达皮奥特科夫斯卡大街商业步行街与城市主要有轨电车线路。

Reputation

• The University of Łódź is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, a tied interval within the global table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，罗兹大学位列 1001-1200 区间，是该全球榜单中的一个并列区间。
• The university was not listed in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名。
• In the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 it was placed 1,401st.在 US News 2026-2027 年度全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列第 1,401 位。
• It was placed in the 901-1000 band of the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, its strongest result among the four global tables and ahead of its U.S. News position of 1,401st.该校在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列 901-1000 区间，这是其在四大全球榜单中的最好成绩，优于 US News 的第 1,401 位。
• Within Poland it has been noted for economics teaching, taking third place among Polish universities in the 2011 ranking published by Gazeta Bankowa.在波兰国内，该校以经济学教学见长，在《银行报》2011 年排名中位列波兰高校第三。
• Its law faculty was ranked second in Poland in 2010 by the Ministry of Justice for the preparation of legal counsels and notaries.2010 年，波兰司法部将该校法学院在培养法律顾问与公证人方面列为全国第二。
• A 2010 comparison based on the QS and Webometrics rankings placed it fourth among Polish institutions for international prestige.2010 年一项基于 QS 与 Webometrics 榜单的比较将其国际声望列为波兰院校第四。
• OpenAlex records 49,991 works and 1,025,249 citations for the university, a volume of output typical of a large comprehensive Polish university.OpenAlex 记录该校 49,991 篇成果与 1,025,249 次引用，这一产出规模符合波兰大型综合性大学的体量。
• The university belongs to the group of 18 state classical universities that carry most of Poland's humanities, law and social-science research, a status that shapes both its funding and its degree profile.该校属于波兰 18 所国立古典大学之列，这一群体承担了波兰大部分人文、法律与社会科学研究，其地位同时决定了学校的经费结构与学位体系。

Student life

• The School of Polish for Foreigners has trained foreign students since 1952, and more than 20,000 foreign graduates have completed its courses or degree programmes since that year.外国人波兰语学校自 1952 年起培养外国学生，此后已有超过 20,000 名外国毕业生完成其课程或学位项目。
• Students come from more than 70 countries, a figure that reflects both the language school and the university's English-taught degree programmes.学生来自 70 多个国家，这一数字既反映语言学校的招生，也反映学校英语授课学位项目的吸引力。
• The university has produced more than 140,000 graduates, including master's and doctoral graduates, since its foundation in 1945.自 1945 年建校以来，该校已培养超过 140,000 名毕业生，其中包括硕士与博士毕业生。
• Under the Erasmus programme the university has signed some 600 agreements with about 300 partner institutions, allowing students to spend a semester or a year elsewhere in the European Union.在伊拉斯谟项目框架下，该校与约 300 所伙伴院校签署了约 600 份协议，学生可赴欧盟其他国家学习一学期或一学年。
• The Museum of Natural History in Sienkiewicz Park serves both teaching and public education, with zoological and botanical collections open to school groups and city residents.显克维奇公园内的自然史博物馆兼顾教学与公共教育，其动物学与植物学收藏向学校团体和市民开放。
• The Alexis de Tocqueville Center for Political and Legal Thought organises lectures and conferences that bring Polish and foreign scholars into contact with students.托克维尔政治与法律思想研究中心举办讲座与会议，让波兰与外国学者同学生直接交流。
• Łódź's Piotrkowska Street, one of the longest commercial promenades in Europe, lies close to several faculty buildings and shapes the daily life of students in the city centre.罗兹的皮奥特科夫斯卡大街是欧洲最长的商业步行街之一，邻近多座院系馆舍，塑造了市中心学生的日常生活。
• The city's film tradition, centred on the National Film School in Łódź, has made it a destination for students of cinema, and several university alumni have worked in film.以罗兹国立电影学院为中心的电影传统使这座城市成为电影学子的目的地，该校亦有数位校友从事电影工作。
• A student self-government elected under the higher education law represents students in the university senate and organises cultural, sporting and integration events through the academic year.依高等教育法选举产生的学生自治机构在校务委员会中代表学生，并在学年内组织文化、体育与新生融合活动。

Notable people

• Teodor Vieweger, a professor of the Free Polish University, was one of the leading founders of the University of Łódź in 1945.自由波兰大学教授特奥多尔·维韦格是 1945 年罗兹大学的主要创办人之一。
• Tadeusz Kotarbiński, the first rector, was a philosopher and logician of the Lwów-Warsaw school who developed the theory of praxiology.首任校长塔尔杜什·科塔尔宾斯基是利沃夫-华沙学派的哲学家与逻辑学家，创立了实践学理论。
• Marek Belka, an economist associated with the university, served as Prime Minister of Poland in 2004-2005 and as president of the National Bank of Poland from 2010 to 2016.与该校长渊源颇深的经济学家马雷克·贝尔卡于 2004 至 2005 年任波兰总理，2010 至 2016 年任波兰国家银行行长。
• Jerzy Kosiński, a graduate, wrote The Painted Bird in 1965 and Being There in 1971 and served as president of the American chapter of PEN.校友耶日·科辛斯基分别于 1965 年与 1971 年出版《被涂污的鸟》与《身在其中》，并担任美国笔会主席。
• Andrzej Sapkowski, an economics graduate, wrote the Witcher saga, which was adapted into a series of games and a television series.经济学专业毕业生安杰伊·萨普科夫斯基创作了《猎魔人》传奇，该作品被改编为系列游戏与电视剧。
• Paweł Edelman, a cinematographer and alumnus, was nominated for an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award and won the César Award for Best Cinematography.校友、摄影师帕维乌·埃德尔曼曾获奥斯卡奖与英国电影学院奖提名，并夺得凯撒奖最佳摄影。
• Janusz Wojciechowski, a graduate, was Poland's European Commissioner for Agriculture from 2019 to 2024 and sat in the European Parliament.校友雅努什·沃伊切霍夫斯基在 2019 至 2024 年任欧盟农业专员，并曾担任欧洲议会议员。
• Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz won the 2003 Nike Award, and Jerzy Jarniewicz won the same prize in 2022, both as writers linked to the university.雅罗斯瓦夫·马雷克·雷姆凯维奇获 2003 年耐克奖，耶日·亚尔涅维奇于 2022 年获同一奖项，二人均与该校渊源深厚。
• John Godson, a graduate, became the first black member of the Polish parliament, and Krzysztof Kwiatkowski served as Minister of Justice and later as president of the Supreme Audit Office.校友约翰·戈德森成为波兰议会首位黑人议员，克日什托夫·克维亚特科夫斯基曾任司法部长，后任最高审计署署长。
• Marcin Tybura, a graduate, became a heavyweight fighter in the Ultimate Fighting Championship, and Antonina Kłoskowska, a sociologist, was a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.校友马尔钦·蒂布拉成为终极格斗冠军赛重量级选手，社会学家安东尼娜·克沃斯科夫斯卡则是波兰科学院院士。
• Jerzy Kropiwnicki, who studied at the university, was mayor of Łódź from 2002 to 2010, and Phạm Thị Trân Châu, a Vietnamese biochemist and former politician, also studied there.曾在该校就读的耶日·克罗皮夫尼茨基在 2002 至 2010 年任罗兹市长，越南生物化学家、前政治人物范氏珍珠也曾在此求学。