University of Évora

The University of Évora (Universidade de Évora) is a public university in Évora, Portugal, and the second-oldest university in the country, founded in 1559 by Cardinal Henry and re-established as a modern institution in 1973.埃武拉大学（Universidade de Évora）是葡萄牙埃武拉的公立大学，也是该国历史第二悠久的大学，1559 年由红衣主教恩里克创办，1973 年以现代大学的形式复校。

It is organised into four schools and an institute for advanced studies, enrols about 8,000 students and is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.大学下设四个学院与一个高等研究院，在校学生约 8000 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 1201-1400 位区间。

OpenAlex records 18,661 works and 567,476 citations for its research, which is concentrated in Mediterranean agriculture, heritage science, history and the arts.OpenAlex 记录其研究成果 18661 项、被引 567476 次，研究集中于地中海农业、遗产科学、历史与艺术领域。

History

• The university was founded in 1559 by Cardinal Henry, Archbishop of Évora and later King of Portugal, and confirmed in April of that year by the papal bull of Pope Paul IV, the second university founded on Portuguese soil after Coimbra.大学由埃武拉大主教、后来的葡萄牙国王红衣主教恩里克于 1559 年创办，同年 4 月获教皇保罗四世诏书确认，是继科英布拉之后在葡萄牙土地上创办的第二所大学。
• Henry, a son of King Manuel I, was made a cardinal in 1547, served as regent for his great-nephew Sebastião from 1557 and became king himself in 1578.恩里克是国王曼努埃尔一世之子，1547 年获封枢机，1557 年起为曾侄孙塞巴斯蒂昂摄政，1578 年本人继承王位。
• The new university was entrusted to the Society of Jesus, which made the Colégio do Espírito Santo the seat of teaching and gave the institution a Jesuit character that lasted two centuries.新大学被交托给耶稣会管理，耶稣会以圣灵学院为教学驻地，使这所大学在此后两个世纪里带有鲜明的耶稣会色彩。
• Its original curriculum combined theology, canon law, philosophy and the arts, with chairs in moral philosophy, rhetoric, mathematics and Hebrew added during the sixteenth century.最初的课程由神学、教会法、哲学与人文艺术构成，十六世纪又陆续增设道德哲学、修辞学、数学与希伯来语教席。
• The Jesuit college became a centre of learning that rivalled the University of Coimbra, and its theologians were read across Catholic Europe.这所耶稣会学院成为足以与科英布拉大学抗衡的学术中心，其神学家的著作在天主教欧洲广泛流传。
• Luís de Molina taught at Évora and published the treatise De iustitia et iure there, a work that gave its name to the theological position known as Molinism.路易斯·德·莫利纳在埃武拉执教，并在此出版《论正义与法》，该书使「莫利纳主义」这一神学立场得名。
• Pedro da Fonseca, known as the Portuguese Aristotle, taught philosophy at the college and wrote the Institutionum Dialecticarum of 1564, a logic manual used throughout the Jesuit world.被称为「葡萄牙亚里士多德」的佩德罗·达·丰塞卡在学院教授哲学，其 1564 年的《辩证法教程》成为耶稣会世界通行的逻辑教科书。
• Manuel Álvares, a grammarian and teacher at Évora, published De institutione grammatica libri tres in 1572, a Latin grammar that remained in use in Portuguese schools for more than two centuries.埃武拉的语法学家与教师曼努埃尔·阿尔瓦雷斯于 1572 年出版《语法三书》，这部拉丁语语法在葡萄牙学校中沿用两百多年。
• The college trained prelates for the Portuguese empire, among them Afonso Mendes, Patriarch of Ethiopia, and Pedro Martins, the first Bishop of Japan.学院为葡萄牙帝国培养高级神职人员，其中包括埃塞俄比亚宗主教阿丰索·门德斯与日本首任主教佩德罗·马丁斯。
• On 8 February 1759 cavalry surrounded the college as part of the expulsion of the Jesuits ordered by the Marquis of Pombal, and the teaching staff was dispersed.1759 年 2 月 8 日，骑兵包围学院，执行庞巴尔侯爵驱逐耶稣会的命令，教学人员随之四散。
• The university was closed permanently in 1779, and its masters were either imprisoned or exiled, leaving the buildings to be used for other purposes for nearly two centuries.大学于 1779 年被永久关闭，教师或遭监禁或被流放，校舍在此后近两百年间改作他用。
• The revival began in 1964 with the private Instituto Superior Económico e Social de Évora, which offered economics and social sciences in the old college buildings and prepared the ground for a public university.复兴始于 1964 年私立埃武拉经济与社会科学高等学院，它在旧学院校舍中开设经济与社会科学课程，为公立大学的建立铺路。
• In 1973 the Minister of Education José Veiga Simão created the Instituto Universitário de Évora by decree, as part of a wider reform of Portuguese higher education during the final years of the Estado Novo.1973 年，教育部长若泽·维加·西蒙以法令创设埃武拉大学学院，这是新国家体制末期葡萄牙高等教育整体改革的一部分。
• Teaching resumed in 1975 with two degree courses, animal production and biophysics, chosen to serve the agricultural and technological needs of the Alentejo region.1975 年教学恢复，首批开设动物生产与生物物理两个学位课程，直接对应阿连特茹地区的农业与技术需求。
• The institution was upgraded to full university status in 1979 under the name Universidade de Évora, six years after its reopening.1979 年，即复校六年后，学校升格为完全大学，定名埃武拉大学。
• During the 1980s the university added the schools of arts, sciences and technology, social sciences and nursing, and began to occupy the convents and colleges of the historic centre.1980 年代，大学陆续设立艺术、科学与技术、社会科学与护理等学院，并开始占用历史中心区的修道院与学院建筑。
• Évora's historic centre was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list in 1986, a status that turned the university's own buildings into part of a protected urban landscape.埃武拉历史中心于 1986 年被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，这一地位使大学自身的建筑也成为受保护城市景观的一部分。
• The 1990s brought a research turn, with the creation of the Interdisciplinary Centre for History, Cultures and Societies and the first doctoral programmes in history, agricultural sciences and management.1990 年代大学转向研究，成立历史、文化与社会跨学科中心，并在历史、农业科学与管理领域开设首批博士项目。
• The Institute for Advanced Studies and Research was created to coordinate nineteen research units, including laboratories in heritage science, health and Mediterranean agriculture.高等研究院的设立用于协调十九个研究单位，其中包括遗产科学、健康与地中海农业领域的实验室。
• In 2009 the university marked the 450th anniversary of its foundation with conferences, exhibitions and the restoration of the Sala dos Actos, the Baroque chapel where degrees are conferred.2009 年，大学以学术会议、展览以及授位厅的修复工程纪念建校 450 周年，授位厅即举行学位授予仪式的巴洛克礼拜堂。
• Recent years have seen closer cross-border cooperation with the University of Extremadura in Spain, including joint degrees and shared research in agriculture and heritage conservation.近年来，大学与西班牙埃斯特雷马杜拉大学的跨境合作日益紧密，涵盖联合学位以及农业与遗产保护方面的共同研究。

Academics

• Teaching is organised into four schools, namely the School of Arts, the School of Sciences and Technology, the School of Social Sciences and the São João de Deus School of Nursing.教学分为四个学院，即艺术学院、科学与技术学院、社会科学学院以及圣若昂·德·德乌斯护理学院。
• The School of Arts covers visual arts, design, music, theatre and heritage studies, and its music programme supplies performers and teachers to schools across the Alentejo.艺术学院涵盖视觉艺术、设计、音乐、戏剧与遗产研究，其音乐课程为阿连特茹各地学校输送演奏者与教师。
• The School of Sciences and Technology teaches biology, biochemistry, geology, mathematics, engineering and environmental sciences, with a strong emphasis on Mediterranean ecosystems.科学与技术学院教授生物、生物化学、地质、数学、工程与环境科学，重点聚焦地中海生态系统。
• The School of Social Sciences brings together economics, management, sociology, psychology, history, philosophy and education, and hosts the university's largest doctoral cohort.社会科学学院整合经济、管理、社会学、心理学、历史、哲学与教育学，拥有全校规模最大的博士生群体。
• The São João de Deus School of Nursing trains nurses and health technicians in partnership with the hospitals of Évora and the surrounding region.圣若昂·德·德乌斯护理学院与埃武拉及周边地区医院合作培养护士与卫生技术人员。
• The university offers 36 first-cycle degrees, 85 master's programmes, three of them Erasmus Mundus joint masters, and 34 doctoral programmes across most fields of knowledge.大学开设 36 个本科专业、85 个硕士项目（其中三个为伊拉斯谟世界联合硕士）以及 34 个博士项目，覆盖大多数学科领域。
• Enrolment is about 8,000 students, including more than 1,300 international students from some 80 countries, and the teaching staff numbers several hundred.在校学生约 8000 人，其中包括来自约 80 个国家的 1300 多名国际学生，教学科研人员有数百人。
• Research is coordinated through the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research, which brings together nineteen units in agriculture, history, health, management and heritage science.研究由高等研究院统筹，整合农业、历史、健康、管理与遗产科学领域的十九个研究单位。
• The Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development works on irrigated farming, cork oak landscapes, viticulture and climate adaptation in the Alentejo.地中海农业、环境与发展研究所研究灌溉农业、软木橡树林景观、葡萄栽培以及阿连特茹的气候适应问题。
• The HERCULES Laboratory applies archaeometry, materials science and imaging to the conservation of monuments, tiles and museum objects, and serves both Portuguese and European heritage projects.HERCULES 实验室把考古测年、材料科学与成像技术应用于纪念碑、瓷砖与博物馆藏品的保护，服务葡萄牙与欧洲的遗产项目。
• The Interdisciplinary Centre for History, Cultures and Societies studies the early modern Atlantic, the Inquisition, local archives and the cultural history of southern Portugal.历史、文化与社会跨学科中心研究近代早期大西洋世界、宗教裁判所、地方档案以及葡萄牙南部的文化史。
• The Comprehensive Health Research Centre, run with Lisbon and Coimbra partners, conducts clinical and public health research in a region with an ageing population.综合健康研究中心与里斯本、科英布拉的伙伴机构合办，在人口老龄化的地区开展临床与公共卫生研究。
• The Centre for Advanced Studies in Management and Economics has an Évora branch that works on rural development, tourism and public finance.管理与经济高等研究中心在埃武拉设有分支，研究农村发展、旅游与公共财政。
• Its wine and agricultural programmes use the university's experimental farms and vineyards, and graduates staff the Alentejo wine estates and agricultural cooperatives.其葡萄酒与农业课程依托大学的实验农场与葡萄园，毕业生供职于阿连特茹的酒庄与农业合作社。
• International mobility runs through Erasmus+ agreements, and the university participates in the Magna Charta Universitatum and in periodic evaluations by the European University Association.国际流动通过伊拉斯谟+协议开展，大学签署《大宪章》并定期接受欧洲大学协会的评估。
• The library system is spread across the historic buildings, with the central collection in the Colégio do Espírito Santo and specialist libraries in arts, science and nursing.图书馆体系分散于历史建筑之中，核心藏书位于圣灵学院，艺术、科学与护理另设专业分馆。
• Most teaching is in Portuguese, while a growing number of master's programmes in heritage science, management and biology are taught in English for the university's international students.多数课程以葡萄牙语授课，遗产科学、管理与生物学等领域有越来越多硕士项目以英语授课，面向该校的国际学生。
• Lifelong learning, summer schools and teacher training courses extend the university's reach to adults who did not enter higher education at eighteen.终身学习、暑期学校与教师培训课程把大学的影响扩展到未在十八岁进入高等教育的成年人。

Campus

• The university's seat is the Colégio do Espírito Santo at Largo dos Colegiais 2, in the heart of the walled historic centre of Évora.大学校部是位于学院广场 2 号的圣灵学院，地处埃武拉设防历史中心的核心地带。
• The college is built around a Renaissance cloister with Tuscan arches, and its classrooms are decorated with azulejo panels showing Plato teaching and Aristotle instructing Alexander.学院围绕一座托斯卡纳式拱券的文艺复兴回廊布局，教室内饰有描绘柏拉图授课与亚里士多德教导亚历山大的瓷砖画。
• The Sala dos Actos, an eighteenth-century Baroque chapel restored in 1973, is where degrees are conferred and where the university's ceremonial life is concentrated.十八世纪的巴洛克礼拜堂「授位厅」于 1973 年修复，是学位授予仪式的举行地，也是大学礼仪生活的中心。
• Teaching is dispersed across a ring of converted convents, colleges and town houses around Largo dos Colegiais, so that the university has no single enclosed campus.教学分散于学院广场周边由修道院、学院与城市宅邸改建的一圈建筑中，因此大学并没有单一封闭的校园。
• The School of Nursing occupies the former São João de Deus convent, and the sciences use laboratories on the edge of the historic centre and on the city's outskirts.护理学院占用原圣若昂·德·德乌斯修道院，理学院则使用历史中心边缘与城市近郊的实验室。
• The university runs the Herdade da Mitra, an experimental estate outside Évora where students of agriculture, ecology and soil science work on irrigated crops, cork oak and livestock.大学经营城外的米特拉庄园实验场，农业、生态与土壤科学专业的学生在此研究灌溉作物、软木橡树与牲畜。
• The university's research institutes occupy restored buildings such as the Colégio dos Leões, where the Institute for Advanced Studies and Research is based.大学的研究机构设于多座修复建筑中，高等研究院即位于「狮子学院」。
• Évora is a city of some 50,000 inhabitants, about an hour and a half by road from Lisbon, and its Roman temple, cathedral and Chapel of Bones stand within minutes of the university buildings.埃武拉约有 5 万人口，距里斯本约一个半小时车程，罗马神庙、主教座堂与人骨礼拜堂都距大学建筑只有几分钟路程。
• The Chapel of Bones, built by the Franciscans in the sixteenth century, and the aqueduct of Água de Prata, completed in 1537, are part of the urban fabric that students cross daily.方济各会于十六世纪建造的人骨礼拜堂与 1537 年完工的银水渠，构成学生每日穿行的城市肌理。
• Student residences are provided in university halls and in rented flats in the historic centre, and the small scale of the city means that most students live within walking distance of their classes.学生住宿由大学宿舍与历史中心内的出租公寓提供，城市规模不大，多数学生步行即可到达上课地点。
• The Alentejo plain around Évora, with its cork oak montado, olive groves and vineyards, functions as an open-air laboratory for the agricultural and environmental schools.埃武拉周边的阿连特茹平原以软木橡树林、橄榄园与葡萄园为特征，实际上成为农业与环境学院的露天实验室。

Reputation

• The University of Évora is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, the joint interval used by QS for institutions in this part of the table.埃武拉大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 1201-1400 位，这是 QS 对该区段院校采用的并列区间。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university sits in the 1401-1600 band, with its strongest scores in teaching and research environment.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位于第 1401-1600 位区间，其教学与研究环境指标得分相对较高。
• U.S. News ranks the university 2,138th in its 2026-2027 Best Global Universities list, a position shaped by its moderate publication volume and regional research profile.在 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单中，该校位列第 2138 位，这一位置反映其适中的论文数量与区域性的研究格局。
• The university did not enter the main table of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities and is therefore listed outside the ShanghaiRanking top group for that year.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，因此在当年被列为上海软科主榜之外的院校。
• Its research record of 18,661 works and 567,476 citations in OpenAlex reflects a small institution with a high citation rate per researcher, especially in agricultural and heritage sciences.OpenAlex 显示其 18661 项成果获得 567476 次引用，表明这所规模不大的大学在农业与遗产科学等领域拥有较高的人均引用率。
• Heritage science is the university's most distinctive international strength, and the HERCULES Laboratory is a reference point for archaeometry in the Iberian peninsula.遗产科学是该校最具特色的国际强项，HERCULES 实验室是伊比利亚半岛考古测年领域的参照机构。
• Agricultural and environmental research, conducted through the Mediterranean Institute, is closely tied to the cork, wine and olive economies of the Alentejo.通过地中海研究所开展的农业与环境研究，与阿连特茹的软木、葡萄酒与橄榄经济紧密相连。
• In Portugal the university is known for teacher training, nursing and music, and its graduates supply schools, hospitals and cultural institutions across the south of the country.在葡萄牙国内，该校以师资培训、护理与音乐教育著称，毕业生供职于南部的学校、医院与文化机构。
• The university's history as a Jesuit college gives it a recognised place in the intellectual history of Portugal, and its early modern library and archives attract international scholars.作为耶稣会学院的历史使该校在葡萄牙思想史上占有公认的位置，其近代早期藏书与档案吸引国际学者前来利用。
• Employer recognition is strongest in health, education and public administration in the Alentejo, where the university is the principal supplier of graduate professionals.雇主认可度在阿连特茹的卫生、教育与公共行政领域最高，该校是当地专业人才的主要来源。
• International visibility is modest by global standards, but the university is an active partner in Iberian cross-border programmes and in European heritage and agriculture networks.按全球标准衡量，其国际能见度有限，但该校是伊比利亚跨境项目以及欧洲遗产与农业网络的活跃伙伴。

Student life

• The university has no formally adopted motto, and its Latin name Universitas Eborensis, together with the 1559 bull, serves as its principal symbolic reference.大学没有正式采用的校训，其拉丁文名「Universitas Eborensis」连同 1559 年的教皇诏书构成主要的象征标识。
• Degrees are conferred in the Sala dos Actos, and the ceremony retains the Baroque setting, azulejo walls and academic procession of the institution's early modern past.学位在授位厅颁授，仪式保留巴洛克空间、瓷砖墙面以及源于近代早期的学术列队传统。
• Student life is shaped by the small size of the city, and the university's roughly 8,000 students make up a substantial share of Évora's population during term time.学生生活受城市规模影响，约 8000 名学生在学期内构成埃武拉人口的相当比例。
• The Portuguese tradition of Queima das Fitas, in which graduating students burn ribbons in a week of music and parades, began in Coimbra in the 1890s and is celebrated by Évora students each spring.葡萄牙传统的「烧飘带」活动起源于 1890 年代的科英布拉，毕业生在一周的音乐与游行中焚烧飘带，埃武拉学生每年春季举行这一活动。
• The tuna, a traditional student string ensemble dressed in black capes, performs in the city's squares and churches and represents the university at regional festivals.身穿黑色斗篷的传统学生弦乐团「tuna」在城中广场与教堂演出，并代表大学参加地区性节庆。
• Sports facilities are shared with the city, and students compete in football, basketball, volleyball, athletics and rowing at regional and national level.体育设施与城市共享，学生在足球、篮球、排球、田径与赛艇项目中参加地区与全国比赛。
• Student associations organise film cycles, debates, theatre and the annual welcome week, and the university supports them with space in the historic buildings.学生社团组织电影放映、辩论、戏剧与年度迎新周，大学在历史建筑中为其提供活动空间。
• The city's music and theatre calendar, including performances in the cathedral and the Roman temple, gives students a cultural life disproportionate to the size of the town.城市的音乐与戏剧日程包括在主教座堂与罗马神庙举行的演出，为学生提供了与其城镇规模不相称的文化生活。
• The Alentejo countryside, with its cork forests and hill villages, is easily reached by bus and is used for field trips by archaeology, biology and agriculture students.阿连特茹乡野的软木林与山地村落可乘巴士抵达，是考古、生物与农业专业学生野外考察的常用场所。

Notable people

• Cardinal Henry, founder of the university in 1559, was Archbishop of Évora, regent of Portugal and, from 1578 to 1580, King of Portugal.1559 年创办大学的红衣主教恩里克曾任埃武拉大主教与葡萄牙摄政，并于 1578 至 1580 年间在位为葡萄牙国王。
• Pope Paul IV confirmed the foundation through a bull issued in April 1559, giving the new studium the right to confer degrees.教皇保罗四世于 1559 年 4 月颁诏确认建校，授予这所新学馆颁授学位的权利。
• Luís de Molina, the Jesuit theologian who taught at Évora, developed the doctrine of middle knowledge and published De iustitia et iure between 1593 and 1600.在埃武拉执教的耶稣会神学家路易斯·德·莫利纳提出「中间知识」学说，并于 1593 至 1600 年间出版《论正义与法》。
• Pedro da Fonseca, professor at the college and author of the Institutionum Dialecticarum of 1564, was known as the Portuguese Aristotle for his commentaries on Aristotle.学院教授佩德罗·达·丰塞卡是 1564 年《辩证法教程》的作者，因对亚里士多德的注释而被称为「葡萄牙的亚里士多德」。
• Manuel Álvares wrote the Latin grammar De institutione grammatica libri tres at Évora in 1572, and the work was printed in Lisbon and reprinted across Europe.曼努埃尔·阿尔瓦雷斯 1572 年在埃武拉写成拉丁语语法《语法三书》，该书在里斯本印行并在欧洲各地重印。
• Francisco de Borja, third Superior General of the Jesuits and a canonised saint, was among the theologians associated with the college in its first decades.耶稣会第三任总会长、后来被封圣的弗朗西斯科·德·博尔哈，是学院最初数十年间与之相关的神学家之一。
• João de Brito, a Jesuit missionary canonised in 1947, was formed in the Évora tradition before his mission and martyrdom in southern India.1947 年被封圣的耶稣会传教士若昂·德·布里托在赴印度南部传教并殉道之前，受教于埃武拉的学术传统。
• Afonso Mendes, a graduate of the college, became Patriarch of Ethiopia in 1622 and led the Latin mission to the Ethiopian court.学院毕业生阿丰索·门德斯于 1622 年出任埃塞俄比亚宗主教，主持派往埃塞俄比亚宫廷的拉丁礼传教团。
• Pedro Martins, another alumnus, was appointed the first Bishop of Japan in 1588 and worked in the Portuguese trading settlements of Kyushu.另一位校友佩德罗·马丁斯于 1588 年被任命为日本首任主教，在九州的葡萄牙贸易居留地开展教务。
• José Veiga Simão, Minister of Education from 1970 to 1974, signed the decree that created the Instituto Universitário de Évora in 1973 and is regarded as the university's modern refounder.1970 至 1974 年任教育部长的若泽·维加·西蒙于 1973 年签署创设埃武拉大学学院的法令，被视为该校现代意义上的复校者。
• The university's modern academic staff has included historians of the Portuguese empire and archaeologists working on Roman Lusitania, whose excavations supplied the collections of the city's museums.该校现代师资中包括研究葡萄牙帝国的历史学家与从事罗马卢西塔尼亚考古的学者，其发掘成果充实了埃武拉各博物馆的收藏。