University of Zurich

The University of Zurich, known as UZH and in German as Universität Zürich, is a public research university in Zurich, Switzerland, and the largest university in the country.苏黎世大学（University of Zurich），德语名为 Universität Zürich，简称 UZH，是位于瑞士苏黎世的一所公立研究型大学，也是瑞士规模最大的大学。

Founded on 29 April 1833 by merging the existing colleges of theology, law and medicine with a new faculty of philosophy, it was the first university in Europe to be founded by the state rather than by a monarch or a church.学校于 1833 年 4 月 29 日由原有的神学院、法学院与医学院合并并增设哲学院而成立，是欧洲第一所由国家而非君主或教会创办的大学。

It has about 28,700 students taught by some 3,700 full-time-equivalent academic staff, an annual budget of about 1.578 billion Swiss francs, and seven faculties, and it placed 98th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校有学生约 28700 人、全日制当量学术教师约 3700 人，年度预算约 15.78 亿瑞士法郎，设有七个学院，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 98。

History

• The university traces its earliest roots to the Carolinum, a theological college founded in Zurich by the reformer Huldrych Zwingli in 1525.学校最早的渊源可追溯到宗教改革家慈运理于 1525 年在苏黎世创办的神学院「卡罗利努姆」。

• In 1833 the canton of Zurich merged the existing colleges of theology, law and medicine with a new faculty of philosophy to create the Universitas Turicensis, whose name echoes the Roman name Turicum for the city.1833 年，苏黎世州把原有的神学院、法学院与医学院与新设的哲学院合并，创办拉丁名为「Universitas Turicensis」的大学，其名呼应了该城在罗马时代的名称图里库姆。

• Its founding by a democratic government set a European precedent, since universities until then had been established by monarchs or churches, and it is one of the oldest universities in Switzerland.由民主政府创办大学在欧洲开创了先例，此前的大学多由君主或教会设立，学校也因此成为瑞士历史最悠久的大学之一。

• The 1839 appointment of the German theologian David Friedrich Strauss to the chair of theology caused a major controversy, as he argued that the miracles of the New Testament were mythical retellings of ordinary events.1839 年德国神学家大卫·施特劳斯获聘神学讲席引发巨大争议，因其主张《新约》中的神迹是对寻常事件的寓言化改写。

• The authorities eventually offered Strauss a pension before he had taken up his duties, and he never taught at the university.当局最终在施特劳斯还未上任时便给予其年金，他终未在该校授课。

• The university allowed women to attend philosophy lectures from 1847, an unusually early step for the time, and it became a centre for women's higher education in the nineteenth century.学校自 1847 年起允许女性旁听哲学课程，在当时颇为超前，十九世纪时更成为女性高等教育的中心之一。

• A Russian woman, Maria Kniazhnina, was admitted to audit medicine classes in 1864, though she did not complete the course.1864 年俄国女性玛丽亚·克尼亚日宁娜获准旁听医学课程，但她并未修完学业。

• Nadezhda Suslova, another Russian student, audited medicine from 1865 and in 1867 became the first woman to earn a medical doctorate in a German-speaking country.另一名俄国学生娜杰日达·苏斯洛娃自 1865 年起旁听医学课程，并于 1867 年成为德语国家首位获得医学博士学位的女性。

• The first seven women to receive medical degrees here, including Suslova and the American Susan Dimock, became known as the Zurich Seven.在此获得医学学位的最初七位女性包括苏斯洛娃与美国人苏珊·迪莫克，史称「苏黎世七人」。

• The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine was added in 1901 and is the second-oldest such faculty in the world.学校于 1901 年增设兽医学院，是世界上历史第二悠久的兽医学院。

• The university was renamed Universität Zürich in 1912 to distinguish it from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, which had opened in the same city.1912 年学校改称苏黎世大学，以区别于同在苏黎世创办的瑞士联邦理工学院。

• In 1914 the university moved into its present main building on Rämistrasse, designed by the Swiss architect Karl Moser.1914 年学校迁入现位于雷米大街的主楼，该楼由瑞士建筑师卡尔·莫泽尔设计。

• Albert Einstein was awarded his doctorate by the university's philosophical faculty in 1906, and in 2022 the original certificate was returned to the university.阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦于 1906 年获该校哲学系授予的博士学位，2022 年其原始证书被送回学校。

• Einstein was also appointed associate professor at the university in 1909, before he moved on to Prague and later Berlin, where he won the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.爱因斯坦还在 1909 年获聘该校副教授，此后先后前往布拉格与柏林，并于 1921 年获诺贝尔物理学奖。

• In 1973 the university began building the Irchel campus, whose construction ran in stages until 1994, alongside the older city-centre buildings.1973 年学校动工建设伊尔歇尔校区，该校区工程分阶段进行至 1994 年，与市中心的旧校舍并存。

• In 1992 the faculty of law and political science was divided into separate faculties of law and of economics.1992 年法政学院拆分为法学院与经济学院。

• In 1998 the canton passed a university law granting the university a measure of autonomy in its own governance.1998 年苏黎世州通过大学法，赋予学校一定程度的自治权。

• In the early twentieth century the university's reputation grew through its medical and science faculties, which attracted scholars from across Europe.二十世纪初，学校凭借医学与理科院系声望日隆，吸引了来自欧洲各地的学者。

• In 2022 the university established Switzerland's first professorship for gender medicine, with research into differences between men and women in symptoms of cardiac arrest.2022 年学校设立瑞士首个性别医学讲席，研究男女在心搏骤停症状上的差异。

• In 2024 the university voluntarily withdrew from the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, arguing that the ranking could not reflect the breadth of its teaching and research and pushed universities to chase publication numbers.2024 年学校主动退出泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，认为该榜单无法反映其教学与研究的广度，并促使高校片面追求论文数量。

• Also in 2024 the university opened its Natural History Museum after merging the zoological, paleontological, anthropological and botanical museums.同样在 2024 年，学校把动物学、古生物学、人类学与植物学博物馆合并，开设了自然历史博物馆。

• In 2025 the university and the Zurich University of Applied Sciences received a Geospatial World Excellence Award for their Spatial Sustainable Finance project.2025 年，学校与苏黎世应用科技大学因「空间可持续金融」项目获得地理空间世界卓越奖。

Academics

• The university has seven faculties: theology, law, business and economics, medicine, the Vetsuisse faculty of veterinary medicine, arts and social sciences, and science.学校设有七个学院：神学、法学、经济、医学、兽医学院（Vetsuisse）、文哲与社会科学院、数理学院。

• It offers the widest range of subjects of any Swiss higher education institution, with about 140 institutes and roughly 100 degree subjects, and runs teaching hospitals for medicine, dentistry and veterinary medicine.学校开设的专业范围在瑞士高校中最广，拥有约 140 个研究所、近百个专业方向，并设有医学、牙科与兽医学的教学医院。

• The Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences is the largest faculty, covering philosophy, languages and literature, history, sociology, political science and communication studies.文哲与社会科学院是最大的学院，涵盖哲学、语言与文学、历史学、社会学、政治学与传播学。

• The Faculty of Science, formed from the former philosophical faculty, covers mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geography and the earth sciences, and is the university's largest research faculty.数理学院由原哲学院分设而来，涵盖数学、物理、化学、生物学、地理学与地球科学，是学校科研规模最大的学院。

• In 2022 it had about 28,700 students and some 3,700 full-time-equivalent academic staff, with an annual budget of about 1.578 billion Swiss francs.2022 年学校有学生约 28700 人、全日制当量学术教师约 3700 人，年度预算约 15.78 亿瑞士法郎。

• Bachelor courses are taught in Swiss Standard German, though English is increasingly used in many faculties, and all master's courses in the Faculty of Science are held in English.本科课程以瑞士标准德语授课，但英语在许多学院的使用日益增多，数理学院的全部硕士课程以英语授课。

• In bioscience and finance the university works closely with the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich through University Medicine Zurich, the Wyss Translational Center Zurich and Life Science Zurich.在生物科学与金融领域，学校与苏黎世联邦理工学院通过「苏黎世大学医学」、「苏黎世维斯转化中心」与「苏黎世生命科学」等平台紧密合作。

• Many of its research projects are funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, and its researchers use national facilities such as the Paul Scherrer Institute.其许多研究项目由瑞士国家科学基金会资助，研究人员也使用保罗·谢雷尔研究所等国家设施。

• The university takes part in the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and works with the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and collaborates internationally with bodies such as the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and Max Planck institutes.学校参与瑞士生物信息学研究所，与瑞士热带与公共卫生研究所合作，并与欧洲分子生物学实验室、马克斯·普朗克研究所等国际机构保持协作。

• The Department of Economics was ranked first in the German-speaking area by the Handelsblatt in 2017, and its Faculty of Business Administration was ranked third in 2009.其经济系在 2017 年被德国《商报》列为德语区第一，工商管理学院在 2009 年位列德语区第三。

• The university has 12 museums, four hospitals and large libraries, including the University Library and access to the Zurich Central Library.学校拥有 12 座博物馆、四所医院与大型图书馆，其中包括大学图书馆以及苏黎世中央图书馆的使用权。

• The Institute and Museum for the History of Medicine is part of the university, and the university also holds anatomical, archaeological and wax moulage collections.医学史研究所与博物馆隶属该校，学校还收藏有解剖、考古与蜡像模型等藏品。

• Its medical faculty is closely linked to the University Hospital of Zurich, one of the largest hospitals in Switzerland.其医学院与苏黎世大学医院紧密相连，后者是瑞士规模最大的医院之一。

• The university's research is organised across a wide range of disciplines, from molecular biology and neuroscience to economics, law and theology.学校的研究横跨广泛学科，从分子生物学、神经科学到经济学、法学与神学。

• It is a member of the League of European Research Universities, Universitas 21 and the Una Europa alliance.学校是欧洲研究型大学联盟、Universitas 21 与 Una Europa 联盟的成员。

• Corpus Corporum, a digital library of Greek and Latin texts, is created and maintained by the university's Institute for Greek and Latin Philology.希腊与拉丁语数字图书馆「Corpus Corporum」由该校希腊拉丁语文学研究所创建与维护。

• The university participates in the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre and in national research programmes in the life sciences and medicine.学校参与瑞士国家超级计算中心以及生命科学与医学领域的国家研究计划。

• Teaching follows the European Bologna system, with bachelor, master and doctoral degrees alongside state examinations in medicine, veterinary medicine and law.教学采用欧洲博洛尼亚体系，设学士、硕士与博士学位，医学、兽医学与法学则采用国家考试。

Campus

• The university is scattered across the city of Zurich, with main campuses in the city centre, Irchelpark and Oerlikon.学校分散于苏黎世全城，主要校区位于市中心、伊尔歇尔公园与欧立康。

• Its buildings are concentrated within a compact urban area, with the historic centre campus on the hillside above the Limmat river and the science faculties gathered to the north.学校建筑集中在紧凑的城区内，历史悠久的中心校区位于利马特河上方的山坡上，各理科院系则汇聚于城北。

• The historic main building on Rämistrasse, designed by Karl Moser and completed in 1914, stands on the slope above the Limmat river in the city centre.位于雷米大街的历史主楼由卡尔·莫泽尔设计，建于 1914 年，坐落于市中心利马特河上方的坡地上。

• The Irchelpark campus was proposed by the science faculty in 1962, begun in 1973 and inaugurated in 1979, with a second stage built from 1978 to 1983.伊尔歇尔公园校区由数理学院于 1962 年提议，1973 年动工、1979 年启用，第二阶段于 1978 至 1983 年间建成。

• The Irchel campus was to become the largest of the university's sites, housing the science faculties in a modern parkland setting north of the city centre.伊尔歇尔校区后来成为学校最大的校址，在市中心以北的现代园林环境中容纳各理科院系。

• The Irchel campus houses the anthropological museum and the cantonal Staatsarchiv Zurich.伊尔歇尔校区设有人类学博物馆与苏黎世州档案馆。

• The university's Natural History Museum, created in 2024 from several merged collections, is one of its main public facilities.学校 2024 年由数个馆藏合并而成的自然历史博物馆，是其主要的公共展示设施之一。

• Members of the university may use several libraries, including the ETH library and the Zurich Central Library with over five million volumes.学校成员可使用多家图书馆，包括联邦理工学院图书馆与藏书逾 500 万册的苏黎世中央图书馆。

• The city-centre campus is served by the Zurich tram network, and the newer campuses lie in quieter residential districts.市中心校区由苏黎世有轨电车网络服务，较新的校区则位于安静的住宅区。

• The university operates four hospitals and numerous clinics that support its medical teaching and research.学校运营四所医院与众多诊所，支撑其医学教学与研究。

• The Botanical Garden and the museums of the university are open to the public and form part of Zurich's cultural landscape.学校的植物园与各博物馆对公众开放，是苏黎世文化景观的一部分。

Reputation

• The University of Zurich ranks 98th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 64th in the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities and 65th in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.苏黎世大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 98，2026 至 2027 年度美国新闻全球最佳大学排名第 64，2026 年软科世界大学学术排名第 65。^[1]

• It voluntarily withdrew from the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in 2024, so it no longer appears in that table.学校于 2024 年自愿退出泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名，因此不再出现在该榜单中。

• It is consistently ranked among the top universities in Switzerland, usually alongside the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, EPFL and the University of Basel, and is counted among the leading universities of the German-speaking world.学校长期位居瑞士顶尖大学之列，通常与苏黎世联邦理工学院、洛桑联邦理工学院和巴塞尔大学并列，也被视为德语世界领先的大学之一。

• In the Shanghai ranking it was placed 59th in 2023, ranking fifth in ecology and tenth in human biological sciences among world universities.在软科排名中，学校 2023 年位列第 59，其生态学居世界第 5、人体生物科学居世界第 10。

• According to QS it ranked 56th in the world for medicine, the highest-placed Swiss university in that subject.据 QS 排名，其医学位列世界第 56，是瑞士在该学科中排名最高的大学。

• According to OpenAlex the university has produced 215,190 works cited 25,821,500 times.据 OpenAlex 统计，学校累计发表论著 215190 篇，被引用 25821500 次。

• Twelve Nobel laureates are associated with the university, chiefly in physics and chemistry, and further laureates have carried out research here.共有十二位诺贝尔奖得主与学校相关，主要集中于物理学与化学，另有其他得主曾在该校从事研究。

• The Fields medallist Artur Avila is a professor at the university's Institute of Mathematics.菲尔兹奖得主阿图尔·阿维拉是该校数学研究所的教授。

• The university is a member of the League of European Research Universities and Universitas 21, and its medical and life-sciences research is internationally recognised.学校是欧洲研究型大学联盟与 Universitas 21 的成员，其医学与生命科学研究享有国际声誉。

• In the CWUR ranking it was placed 62nd in the world in 2025, and it has long been regarded as one of continental Europe's leading research universities.在 2025 年 CWUR 排名中，学校位列世界第 62，长期被视为欧洲大陆领先的研究型大学之一。

Student life

• The university has no official motto, but its identity rests on its founding as Europe's first state-founded university.学校没有正式校训，但其身份根基在于它是欧洲第一所由国家创办的大学。

• The university's colours are black, white, blue, grey and ochre, used on its seal and ceremonial dress.学校代表色为黑、白、蓝、灰与赭色，用于校徽与典礼服饰。

• The Academic Sports Association, known as ASVZ, offers a wide range of sports facilities to students of the university and ETH Zurich.学术体育协会（ASVZ）为苏黎世大学与联邦理工学院的学生提供丰富的体育设施。

• The student body is represented by the Association of Students of the University of Zurich, which organises events and takes part in university administration.学生由苏黎世大学学生联合会代表，该组织举办活动并参与学校管理。

• Students come from across Switzerland and abroad, and the university has a long tradition of admitting international students, dating to its early admission of women and foreign scholars in the nineteenth century.学生来自瑞士各地与海外，学校接纳国际学生素有传统，可追溯至十九世纪早期招收女性与外国学者的做法。

• The university's central location lets students use the cultural life of Zurich, including its museums, concert halls and lakeside districts.学校地处市中心，学生可尽享苏黎世的文化生活，包括其博物馆、音乐厅与湖畔街区。

• The Vetsuisse faculty runs a veterinary teaching hospital, and the medical faculty works with the University Hospital of Zurich.兽医学院设有兽医教学医院，医学院则与苏黎世大学医院合作。

• Master's programmes taught in English attract students from around the world, particularly in the sciences, economics and finance.以英语授课的硕士项目吸引着世界各地学生，尤以科学、经济学与金融领域为多。

Notable people

• Huldrych Zwingli, the Zurich reformer, founded the Carolinum theological college in 1525, from which the university descends.苏黎世宗教改革家慈运理于 1525 年创办卡罗利努姆神学院，学校由此溯源。

• Theodor Mommsen, a professor of the university in the mid-nineteenth century, won the 1902 Nobel Prize in Literature.十九世纪中期在该校任教授的蒙森获 1902 年诺贝尔文学奖。

• Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, who discovered X-rays and won the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901, earned his doctorate here in 1867.发现伦琴射线并获 1901 年首届诺贝尔物理学奖的威廉·伦琴，于 1867 年在此取得博士学位。

• Albert Einstein earned his doctorate here in 1906 and was appointed associate professor in 1909 before winning the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics.爱因斯坦于 1906 年在此取得博士学位、1909 年获聘副教授，后于 1921 年获诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Erwin Schrödinger was a professor here from 1921 to 1927 and won the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics for wave mechanics.埃尔温·薛定谔 1921 至 1927 年在此任教，因波动力学获 1933 年诺贝尔物理学奖。

• The chemists Alfred Werner, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize, and Paul Karrer, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize, both taught at the university, and Karrer also served as its president.1913 年诺贝尔化学奖得主阿尔弗雷德·维尔纳与 1937 年得主保罗·卡勒均曾在此任教，卡勒还曾任校长。

• Karl Alex Müller, who won the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics, and Rolf M. Zinkernagel, who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Medicine, also worked at the university.获 1987 年诺贝尔物理学奖的卡尔·米勒与分享 1996 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的罗夫·辛克纳吉也曾在此工作。

• Albert Hofmann, the Swiss chemist who first synthesised LSD-25, studied at the university.首次合成 LSD-25 的瑞士化学家阿尔伯特·霍夫曼曾在此求学。

• Rosa Luxemburg, the Marxist theorist and revolutionary who later co-founded the Spartacus League in Germany, studied at the university.后来在德国共同创立斯巴达克同盟的马克思主义理论家与革命家罗莎·卢森堡曾在此求学。

• Eugen Huber, the jurist who drafted the Swiss Civil Code, was a professor at the university.起草《瑞士民法典》的法学家欧根·胡贝尔曾任该校教授。

• Ignazio Cassis, a graduate, is a President of the Swiss Confederation, and Elisabeth Kopp, also a graduate, was the first woman elected to the Swiss Federal Council.毕业生伊尼亚齐奥·卡西斯曾任瑞士联邦主席，同样毕业于此的伊丽莎白·科普是首位当选瑞士联邦委员会的女性。

• Gazi Yaşargil, a professor and chairman of neurosurgery from 1973 to 1993, was named neurosurgery's man of the century.1973 至 1993 年任神经外科教授兼系主任的加齐·亚沙吉尔，被誉为「世纪神经外科人物」。