University of Zagreb

The University of Zagreb is a public research university in Zagreb, Croatia, the largest Croatian university and one of the oldest continuously operating universities in Europe, and it is placed in the 721-730 band of the 2027 QS World University Rankings.萨格勒布大学是一所位于克罗地亚萨格勒布的公立研究型大学，是克罗地亚规模最大的大学，也是欧洲持续办学历史最久的大学之一，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中处于 721-730 区间。

Its history begins with a decree of the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I issued on 23 September 1669 establishing the Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb, and the academy was later succeeded by the Royal Academy of Science.其历史始于 1669 年 9 月 23 日神圣罗马帝国皇帝利奥波德一世颁令设立萨格勒布王家自由市耶稣会学院，该学院后来由皇家科学院承接。

It comprises twenty-nine faculties, three art academies and one university centre with more than 70,000 students, its OpenAlex record lists 121,065 research works and 3,552,518 citations, and it is 568th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.该校下设二十九个学院、三个艺术学院与一个大学中心，学生逾七万人；其 OpenAlex 记录列有研究成果 121,065 项、被引 3,552,518 次，并在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 568。

History

• The beginnings of the university date to 23 September 1669, when Emperor and King Leopold I of the House of Habsburg issued a decree establishing the Jesuit Academy of the Royal Free City of Zagreb.该校的起源可追溯至 1669 年 9 月 23 日，哈布斯堡家族的皇帝兼匈牙利国王利奥波德一世颁令设立萨格勒布王家自由市的耶稣会学院。

• Under that document the study of philosophy in Zagreb gained formal legal status as the Neoacademia Zagrabiensis and became officially a public institution of higher education.根据该文件，萨格勒布的哲学研习取得正式法律地位，称为「萨格勒布新学院」，并正式成为公立的中学后教育机构。

• The decree was accepted at the Council of the Croatian Kingdom on 3 November 1671, giving the new academy the backing of the Croatian nobility and estates.该法令于 1671 年 11 月 3 日获克罗地亚王国议会接受，使新学院获得克罗地亚贵族与各等级的背书。

• The Jesuits ran the academy for more than a century until the order was dissolved by Pope Clement XIV in 1773, a suppression that ended Jesuit control across Catholic Europe.耶稣会士主持该学院一个多世纪，直至 1773 年教宗克雷芒十四世解散该修会，这一禁令终止了耶稣会在天主教欧洲各地的控制。

• The Royal Academy of Science consisted of three studies or faculties, those of philosophy, theology and law, with several chairs teaching one or more courses each.皇家科学院下设三个学部或学院，即哲学、神学与法学，各院设有若干讲席，各讲授一至多门课程。

• The former political and cameral studies became part of the newly established faculty of law, integrating them into the academy and its teaching structure.原政治学与宫廷财经学课程并入新设的法学院，从而被纳入该学院及其教学结构。

• During the Austro-Turkish War of 1788 to 1791, and after the Austrian occupation of Belgrade on 8 October 1789, the Royal Academy petitioned for university status.在 1788 至 1791 年的奥土战争期间，以及 1789 年 10 月 8 日奥军占领贝尔格莱德之后，皇家科学院曾申请大学地位。

• Its petition argued that a university in Zagreb would educate local youth in all the sciences for service in the kingdom, anticipating the liberation of Bosnia and Serbia from Ottoman rule.其请愿书主张，在萨格勒布设立大学可在各门学科上培养本地青年以服务王国，并预期波斯尼亚与塞尔维亚将从奥斯曼统治下解放。

• Despite many organisational changes, the Zagreb academy remained until 1874 the focal institution of higher education in Croatia, educating most members of the Croatian intelligentsia.尽管经历多次组织变动，萨格勒布的学院在 1874 年之前一直是克罗地亚高等教育的核心机构，培养出克罗地亚知识界的大部分成员。

• In 1861 Bishop Josip Juraj Strossmayer proposed to the Croatian Parliament the founding of a university at Zagreb, one of the defining political and cultural projects of the Croatian national revival.1861 年，主教约瑟普·尤拉伊·斯特罗斯迈尔向克罗地亚议会提议在萨格勒布创办大学，这是克罗地亚民族复兴中最具标志性的政治与文化工程之一。

• During his visit in 1869 Emperor Franz Joseph signed the decree on the establishment of the University of Zagreb, giving the project imperial sanction.1869 年，皇帝弗朗茨·约瑟夫在到访期间签署设立萨格勒布大学的法令，使该计划获得帝国批准。

• Five years later the Parliament passed the Act of Founding, which the Emperor ratified on 5 January 1874, formally creating the institution in law.五年后，议会通过创设法案，皇帝于 1874 年 1 月 5 日批准，该机构由此在法律上正式成立。

• On 19 October 1874 a ceremony was held to inaugurate the Royal University of Franz Joseph I in Zagreb, making it the third university in the Hungarian realm of Austria-Hungary.1874 年 10 月 19 日举行典礼，萨格勒布弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世皇家大学正式开办，成为奥匈帝国匈牙利王国内的第三所大学。

• The university opened in 1874 with four faculties, those of law, theology, philosophy and medicine, although the faculty of medicine did not become functional until 1917.该校 1874 年开办时设四个学院，即法学、神学、哲学与医学，但医学院直到 1917 年才实际运作。

• The Faculty of Philosophy served as the general scientific faculty, gaining geology, botany, physics, mathematics and chemistry from 1876 and zoology from 1877.哲学院承担一般科学教学，自 1876 年起陆续设地质学、植物学、物理学、数学与化学，1877 年增设动物学。

• Pharmacy was added to the Faculty of Philosophy in 1882 and geography in 1883, as the scientific disciplines steadily multiplied within the faculty.1882 年哲学院增设药学，1883 年增设地理学，学院内的科学门类持续增加。

• In 1860 the Royal Agriculture and Forestry College was founded at Krizevci, and in 1898 the Academy of Forestry was established as part of the Faculty of Philosophy, which then encompassed technical studies.1860 年，皇家农林学院在克里热夫齐成立；1898 年，林学院作为哲学院的一部分设立，后者当时涵盖技术类学科。

• In 1919 that forestry school became the Faculty of Husbandry and Forestry, one of the faculties that broadened the university beyond its founding four.1919 年，该林学院成为农学与林学院，成为使该校超越创办时四院格局的学院之一。

• In 1919 the School of Technology was founded and was transformed into a university faculty in 1926, giving Zagreb its principal engineering faculty.1919 年技术高等学校成立，1926 年升格为大学学院，为萨格勒布提供了主要的工学院。

• Also in 1919 the School of Veterinary Medicine was founded, becoming a university faculty in 1925, and from 1920 to 1924 a Faculty of Eastern Orthodox Theology briefly existed.同样在 1919 年，兽医高等学校成立并于 1925 年升格为大学学院；1920 至 1924 年间还短暂设有东正教神学院。

• In 1928 mathematics and pharmacy began to split off from the Faculty of Philosophy as separate departments, and the faculty was renamed Filozofski fakultet.1928 年，数学与药学开始从哲学院分设，哲学院也随之更名为「Filozofski fakultet」。

• By 1926 the university comprised seven faculties covering theology, law, medicine, philosophy, husbandry and forestry, veterinary medicine and technology with its engineering departments.到 1926 年，该校共有七个学院，涵盖神学、法学、医学、哲学、农学与林学、兽医学，以及设若干工程系的技术学院。

• On 26 August 1936 a group of Macedonian students belonging to the MANAPO organisation signed the Political Declaration, an illegal document calling for the emancipation of Macedonians in Yugoslavia.1936 年 8 月 26 日，属于 MANAPO 组织的一批马其顿学生签署《政治宣言》，这份非法文件要求在南斯拉夫王国实现马其顿人的政治与社会解放。

• During the Independent State of Croatia, from 1941 to 1945, the institution was known as the Croatian University, a name reflecting the wartime puppet state's control of higher education.在 1941 至 1945 年的克罗地亚独立国时期，该校称为「克罗地亚大学」，这一名称反映战时傀儡政权对高等教育的控制。

• The individual departments of the Faculty of Philosophy became separate faculties in stages, first in 1942, then in 1946 when the Faculty of Sciences was formed, and finally in 1963.哲学院所属各系分阶段独立成院：1942 年首批独立，1946 年理学院成立，至 1963 年最终完成分设。

• In 1956 the Faculty of Technology was divided into four faculties covering architecture and construction, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and shipbuilding, and chemistry and food technology.1956 年，技术学院分为四个学院，分别涵盖建筑与建造、电气工程、机械工程与造船，以及化工与食品技术。

• In 1999 the university decided to implement the European Credit Transfer System, and when Croatia joined the Bologna declaration all Croatian universities adopted the system of comparable degrees.1999 年，该校决定实施欧洲学分互认体系；克罗地亚加入博洛尼亚宣言后，全国高校均采用这一可互认学位体系。

Academics

• The university is composed of twenty-nine faculties, three art academies and one university centre, making it the largest and most comprehensive institution in Croatia.该校由二十九个学院、三个艺术学院与一个大学中心组成，是克罗地亚规模最大、学科最全的院校。

• It offers 160 undergraduate programmes, 22 integrated undergraduate and graduate programmes and nine vocational undergraduate programmes.该校开设 160 个本科项目、22 个本硕连读项目与 9 个职业类本科项目。

• At postgraduate level it offers 174 graduate programmes, one vocational graduate programme, 72 doctoral programmes and 165 specialist postgraduate programmes.在研究生层次，该校开设 174 个硕士项目、1 个职业类硕士项目、72 个博士项目与 165 个专业进修项目。

• Its engineering faculties include architecture, chemical engineering and technology, civil engineering, electrical engineering and computing, geodesy and graphic arts.其工科类学院包括建筑、化学工程与技术、土木工程、电气工程与计算、大地测量以及平面艺术等学院。

• Further engineering and technical faculties cover geotechnics at Varazdin, mechanical engineering and naval architecture, metallurgy at Sisak, and mining, geology and petroleum engineering.其他工程与技术类学院包括瓦拉日丁的地质工程学院、机械工程与船舶建造学院、锡萨克的冶金学院，以及采矿、地质与石油工程学院。

• The Faculty of Textile Technology and the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Sciences complete its applied engineering provision, alongside the natural sciences faculty.纺织技术学院与交通运输科学学院连同理学院，共同构成其应用工程类教学。

• Its biomedical faculties include medicine and dentistry, pharmacy and biochemistry, veterinary medicine and the associated health studies faculties.其生物医学类学院包括医学与牙医学院、药学与生物化学学院、兽医学院，以及相关健康类学院。

• OpenAlex attributes 121,065 works and 3,552,518 citations to the institution, reflecting a broad national research output across all its faculties.OpenAlex 记录该校 121,065 项成果与 3,552,518 次被引，反映其各学院合计的广泛全国性科研产出。

• The university adopted the European Credit Transfer System in 1999, bringing its programmes into line with the Bologna process of comparable European degrees.该校于 1999 年采用欧洲学分互认体系，使其项目与博洛尼亚进程的可比学位体系接轨。

• Research is carried out in the faculties and their institutes, and the university is the principal producer of doctoral graduates in Croatia.其研究在各学院及其研究所中进行，该校是克罗地亚博士毕业生的主要培养单位。

• Its Faculty of Science, formed in 1946 from departments of the old Faculty of Philosophy, teaches mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology and geography.其理学院于 1946 年由旧哲学院各系组成，教授数学、物理、化学、生物、地质与地理学。

• The Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, descended from the 1919 School of Technology, is among its largest and most research-active units.其电气工程与计算学院源自 1919 年的技术高等学校，是该校规模最大、研究最活跃的单位之一。

• The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture reflects Croatia's shipbuilding industry, which remains significant on the Adriatic coast.其机械工程与船舶建造学院反映克罗地亚的造船产业，该产业在亚得里亚海沿岸仍具重要地位。

• Teaching is conducted in Croatian, with individual programmes offered in foreign languages for exchange and international students.其教学以克罗地亚语进行，个别项目以外国语授课，面向交换与国际学生。

Campus

• The university's faculties are distributed across the city of Zagreb rather than concentrated on a single campus, at approximately 45.81444 degrees north and 15.97798 degrees east.该校各学院分布于萨格勒布市内多处，而非集中于单一校园，坐标约为北纬 45.81444 度、东经 15.97798 度。

• Its faculties are spread through the historic centre and the surrounding districts, including the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing and the Faculty of Science.其学院散布于历史城区与周边各区，其中包括电气工程与计算学院与理学院。

• The University of Zagreb Faculty of Geotechnics is located in Varazdin and the Faculty of Metallurgy in Sisak, extending the institution beyond the capital.其地质工程学院位于瓦拉日丁，冶金学院位于锡萨克，使该校的布局扩展到首都之外。

• The Faculty of Agriculture at Krizevci continued the line begun by the Royal Agriculture and Forestry College founded in 1860.克里热夫齐的农学院延续了 1860 年成立的皇家农林学院所开创的传承。

• Zagreb is the capital and largest city of Croatia, and its faculties occupy buildings ranging from historic palace courts to modern research complexes.萨格勒布是克罗地亚的首都与最大城市，其学院使用的建筑既有历史宫院，也有现代研究综合体。

• Student housing is provided through university dormitories in the city, and many students live in private accommodation across the Zagreb metropolitan area.学生住宿由市内大学宿舍提供，许多学生则住在萨格勒布都会区的私人房源中。

• The university's central administration operates from the city centre, while the faculties maintain their own libraries, clinics and laboratories.该校中央行政机构在市中心的办公楼运作，各学院则拥有各自的图书馆、门诊与实验室。

• Its art academies occupy separate premises in the city, alongside the faculties of humanities and social sciences and the university centre.其艺术学院在城中另有办学场所，人文与社会科学类学院以及大学中心亦各自设址。

• The Faculty of Medicine and its associated clinical hospitals support medical teaching across several hospital sites in the city.其医学院与相关临床医院支持分布于市内多处医院院区的医学教学。

• Because the faculties are dispersed, students travel across Zagreb by tram and bus between lectures, laboratories and clinical placements.由于各学院分散，学生在课堂、实验室与临床实习之间需乘电车与公交穿行于萨格勒布市内。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the University of Zagreb is placed in the 721-730 band, according to the official ranking table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，萨格勒布大学处于 721-730 区间。此排名以官方榜单为准。

• It stands in the 1201-1400 band of the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and is 568th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 1201-1400 区间，并在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 568。

• It is placed in the 601-700 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities published by ShanghaiRanking.在软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校处于 601-700 区间。

• OpenAlex attributes 121,065 works and 3,552,518 citations to the institution, the largest research output of any university in Croatia.OpenAlex 记录该校 121,065 项成果与 3,552,518 次被引，是克罗地亚各大学中科研产出最大者。

• As the country's oldest and largest university it occupies a central place in Croatian higher education, supplying graduates to the professions and public life.作为该国历史最久、规模最大的大学，它在克罗地亚高等教育中处于核心位置，为各专业领域与公共生活输送毕业生。

• Its standing in the Times Higher Education table, 1201-1400 in 2027, is lower than its U.S. News global position, which reflects differences in the weightings used.其在泰晤士高等教育 2027 年榜单 1201-1400 的座次低于其 US News 全球排名，反映两个榜单的权重差异。

• The university is the principal source of doctoral graduates in Croatia, and its faculties dominate national research in medicine, engineering and the natural sciences.该校是克罗地亚博士毕业生的主要来源，其各学院在医学、工程与自然科学领域主导国内研究。

• Its Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing and Faculty of Medicine are regarded as the strongest units within the institution.其电气工程与计算学院与医学院被视为该校实力最强的单位。

• Nascent competition in Croatian higher education comes from other public universities, including the Strossmayer University of Osijek and institutions in Split and Rijeka.克罗地亚高等教育中的新兴竞争来自其他公立大学，包括奥西耶克斯特罗斯迈尔大学以及斯普利特与里耶卡的高校。

• The institution's age and continuity from 1669 are used to position it among the older continuously operating universities of Europe.该校自 1669 年以来的历史与延续性，被用以将其定位为欧洲持续办学历史较久的大学之一。

Student life

• Student life is dispersed across the city, since the twenty-nine faculties and three art academies occupy separate premises rather than a single campus.由于二十九个学院与三个艺术学院分处不同场所而非单一校园，学生生活散布于全城。

• The university's faculties organise their own student associations, cultural evenings and sports teams, with activity concentrated in the larger faculties of law, medicine and engineering.各学院自行组织学生社团、文化晚会与运动队，活动主要集中在规模较大的法学院、医学院与工学院。

• Student accommodation is provided through university dormitories, and demand for places exceeds supply, so many students rent private flats across Zagreb.学生住宿由大学宿舍提供，但床位供不应求，许多学生在萨格勒布各处租住私房。

• The university adopted the European Credit Transfer System in 1999, which made student exchanges within Europe a normal part of degree study.该校 1999 年采用欧洲学分互认体系，使欧洲范围内的学生交换成为学位学习的常态部分。

• Art academies within the university give students in music, drama and fine arts a distinct identity within the wider institution.校内的艺术学院使音乐、戏剧与美术类学生在整个大学中拥有独特的身份。

• The annual academic year opens with ceremonies that trace the institution's history to the Jesuit academy of 1669 and the Royal University of 1874.每学年以典礼开启，其历史可追溯至 1669 年的耶稣会学院与 1874 年的皇家大学。

• The university's medical faculty maintains clinical teaching in Zagreb hospitals, and medical students spend much of their later study in hospital wards.其医学院在萨格勒布各医院开展临床教学，医学生在后阶段学习中有大量时间在病房度过。

• Because Croatia is a small country with one dominant university, its alumni body is prominent across national politics, culture, medicine and engineering.由于克罗地亚是小国且只有一所主导性大学，其校友群体在该国政治、文化、医学与工程领域均十分显要。

• Zagreb's student population gives the city a distinctive culture, with cafés, theatres and music venues in the centre serving the university community.萨格勒布的学生人口赋予该市独特的文化氛围，市中心的咖啡馆、剧院与音乐场所服务大学社群。

• Students take part in the university's annual celebrations and in faculty-level sport, which remains the main organised recreational activity.学生参与学校的年度庆典与院级体育活动，后者仍是主要的有组织康乐活动。

Notable people

• Josip Juraj Strossmayer, the bishop of Dakovo, proposed the founding of a university in Zagreb to the Croatian Parliament in 1861.贾科沃主教约瑟普·尤拉伊·斯特罗斯迈尔于 1861 年向克罗地亚议会提议在萨格勒布创办大学。

• Emperor Leopold I issued the decree of 1669 that created the Jesuit Academy, the institution from which the university traces its continuous existence.皇帝利奥波德一世颁布 1669 年法令，设立耶稣会学院，该校即自其延续至今。

• Empress Maria Theresa founded the Royal Academy of Science by decree in 1776, succeeding the Jesuit academy with faculties of philosophy, theology and law.女皇玛丽亚·特蕾莎于 1776 年颁令成立皇家科学院，以哲学、神学与法学三院承接耶稣会学院。

• Emperor Franz Joseph signed the 1869 decree and ratified the Act of Founding on 5 January 1874, giving the university imperial sanction.皇帝弗朗茨·约瑟夫签署 1869 年法令，并于 1874 年 1 月 5 日批准创设法案，使该大学获得帝国认可。

• The institution carries the name of Franz Joseph I from its 1874 inauguration as the Royal University of Franz Joseph I in Zagreb.该校自 1874 年以「萨格勒布弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世皇家大学」开办起即冠以其名。

• The Faculty of Philosophy educated the bulk of the Croatian intelligentsia in the nineteenth century, supplying teachers, lawyers and officials to the kingdom.哲学院在十九世纪培养出克罗地亚知识界的主体，为王国输送教师、律师与官员。

• Members of the MANAPO group among its students signed the 1936 Political Declaration calling for the emancipation of Macedonians in Yugoslavia.其学生中属于 MANAPO 团体的成员于 1936 年签署《政治宣言》，要求在南斯拉夫实现马其顿人的解放。

• Croatian presidents and prime ministers, judges of the constitutional court and bishops have studied at the university, which has trained much of the country's elite.克罗地亚的总统、总理、宪法法院法官与主教均曾在该校就读，该国精英群体多由此培养。

• Its medical and engineering faculties have supplied the country's hospitals, shipyards and power industry with professional staff since the nineteenth century.其医学与工程类学院自十九世纪以来为该国医院、船厂与电力工业输送专业人员。

• As the principal university of a small state, it counts among its alumni scientists, writers and artists whose work shaped modern Croatian culture.作为一个小国的主要大学，其校友中包括塑造现代克罗地亚文化的科学家、作家与艺术家。