University of York

The University of York, usually shortened to York, is a collegiate public research university in the city of York in northern England.约克大学（简称 York）是一所位于英格兰北部约克市的学院制公立研究型大学。

Established in 1963 as one of the first plate glass universities, it has grown to more than thirty departments and places joint 158th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校创办于 1963 年，是最早一批“平板玻璃大学”之一，现已发展到三十多个院系，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 158。

History

• The first petition for the establishment of a university in York was presented to James I in 1617.在约克设立大学的首份请愿书于 1617 年呈交国王詹姆斯一世。

• A second petition was drawn up in 1641 but was never delivered because of the English Civil War in 1642, and a third, created in 1647, was rejected by Parliament.第二份请愿书于 1641 年拟就，但因 1642 年的英国内战而未能呈递；1647 年拟出的第三份请愿书则被议会否决。

• In the 1820s there were discussions about founding a university in York, but they came to nothing after Durham University was founded in 1832.19 世纪 20 年代曾有过在约克创办大学的讨论，但随着杜伦大学于 1832 年成立，此事未果。

• In 1903 F. J. Munby and the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, among others, proposed a Victoria University of Yorkshire.1903 年，F. J. Munby 与约克郡哲学学会等人士提议设立“约克郡维多利亚大学”。

• Oliver Sheldon, a director of Rowntree's and a co-founder of the York Civic Trust, was a driving force behind the campaign to found the university.朗特里公司董事、约克市民信托共同创办人奥利弗·谢尔顿，是推动设立该校的重要力量。

• John Bowes Morrell was the driving force behind the university's establishment, and York admitted its first students in 1963, the year of Morrell's death.约翰·鲍斯·莫雷尔是学校得以创办的主要推动者；1963 年，即莫雷尔去世的那一年，约克大学招收了首批学生。

• It opened with 216 undergraduates, 14 postgraduates and 28 academic and administrative staff.学校开办时仅有 216 名本科生、14 名研究生以及 28 名学术与行政人员。

• It started with six departments: economics, education, English, history, mathematics and politics.学校最初设六个系：经济学、教育学、英语、历史学、数学与政治学。

• At first it occupied three buildings, principally the historic King's Manor in the city centre and Heslington Hall, a house with Tudor foundations on the edge of York.起初学校仅有三座建筑，主要是市中心的国王庄苑，以及位于约克边缘、奠基于都铎时期的海斯灵顿庄园。

• Work began a year later on purpose-built structures at Heslington, which now forms the main part of the university.一年后，海斯灵顿的专门建筑动工，此地如今构成学校的主体。

• Its first vice-chancellor, Lord James of Rusholme, insisted that the university be collegiate in character, deliberately limit its subjects and teach largely through tutorials and seminars.首任校长拉什尔姆的詹姆斯勋爵主张学校应具学院制特色，刻意控制学科数量，并以小班辅导与研讨为主要教学方式。

• Through the influence of Graeme Moodie, the founding head of the politics department, students are involved in the governance of the university at all levels, a model since widely adopted.在政治学系创系主任 Graeme Moodie 的影响下，学生在各层级参与学校治理，这一模式后被广泛效仿。

• Its first two colleges, Derwent and Langwith, were founded in 1965, as was the university library, and they were followed by Alcuin and Vanbrugh in 1967, Goodricke in 1968 and Wentworth in 1972.其最早的两所学院德文特与朗威思于 1965 年成立，大学图书馆也在同年建立；此后 1967 年成立阿尔昆与范布勒学院，1968 年成立古德里克学院，1972 年成立温特沃斯学院。

• The university was noted for its early adoption of joint honours degrees, which were often very broad, such as history and biology, and it introduced a five-year degree in the social sciences.学校以率先设置双主修学位而著称，这些学位往往涵盖甚广，如历史与生物学；它还开设了五年制的社会科学学位。

• After 1972 no new colleges were built until James College in 1990, which was intended for postgraduates but was opened to undergraduates in 1993 as student numbers almost doubled from 4,300 to 8,500.1972 年之后，直到 1990 年詹姆斯学院成立前都没有新建学院；该学院原拟只招收研究生，后因学生人数从 4300 人几近翻倍至 8500 人，于 1993 年向本科生开放。

• Halifax Court was created as additional accommodation and became a full college, Halifax College, in 2002.哈利法克斯苑原为增建的住宿区，2002 年升格为正式学院，即哈利法克斯学院。

• In 2003 the university planned a campus for 5,000 more students and introduced new subjects such as law and dentistry.2003 年，学校规划了一座可容纳额外 5000 名学生的校区，并新设法学与牙医学等学科。

• In 2004 plans were finalised for a 117-hectare extension, initially called Heslington East and now known as Campus East, and after a public inquiry the Secretary of State gave approval in May 2007.2004 年，一项占地 117 公顷的扩建方案最终确定，初称海斯灵顿东区，即今东校区；经公开调查后，主管大臣于 2007 年 5 月予以批准。

• Construction began in 2008, Goodricke College moved to the new campus in 2009 and was opened by the then Duke of York in April 2010, and Langwith followed in 2012 while Derwent took over its buildings.工程于 2008 年动工，古德里克学院 2009 年迁入新校区，并于 2010 年 4 月由时任约克公爵主持启用；朗威思学院于 2012 年随之迁入，德文特学院则接手其原有建筑。

• Constantine College was founded in 2014, named after the Roman emperor proclaimed Augustus in York in 306 AD, and Anne Lister College followed in 2021 and David Kato College in 2022, bringing the total to eleven.君士坦丁学院成立于 2014 年，以公元 306 年在约克被拥立为奥古斯都的罗马皇帝命名；此后 2021 年成立安妮·李斯特学院，2022 年成立大卫·卡托学院，学院总数增至十一所。

Academics

• The university has expanded to more than thirty departments and centres, covering a wide range of subjects.学校已发展到三十多个系与研究中心，覆盖广泛的学科领域。

• Its departments include archaeology, biology, chemistry, computer science, economics, education, English, environment and geography, history, history of art, language and linguistic science, mathematics, philosophy, politics and international relations, psychology and sociology.其院系包括考古学、生物学、化学、计算机科学、经济学、教育学、英语、环境与地理、历史学、艺术史、语言与语言科学、数学、哲学、政治与国际关系、心理学与社会学。

• It also has a School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, the Hull York Medical School, York Law School, the School for Business and Society and a School of Arts and Creative Technologies.学校还设有物理、工程与技术学院，赫尔约克医学院，约克法学院，商业与社会学院，以及艺术与创意技术学院。

• Its interdisciplinary research centres include the Borthwick Institute for Archives, the Centre for Medieval Studies, the Centre for Renaissance and Early Modern Studies, the Centre for Eighteenth-Century Studies and the Institute for Effective Education.其跨学科研究中心包括博思威克档案研究所、中世纪研究中心、文艺复兴与近代早期研究中心、十八世纪研究中心以及有效教育研究所。

• The politics department hosts the Centre for Applied Human Rights.其政治学系设有应用人权中心。

• York runs a distinctive collegiate system of eleven colleges, each with its own constitution and governed by a college council chaired by a senior college fellow.约克大学实行独特的学院制，共设十一所学院，各学院有自己的章程，并由资深院士主持的学院理事会管理。

• In 2023 the university replaced the academic role of college principal with the unpaid post of senior college fellow.2023 年，学校以不领薪的资深院士一职取代了原属学术性质的学院院长职位。

• Most colleges have a junior common room for undergraduates, and some retain graduate and senior common rooms.多数学院设有本科生初级公共休息室，一些学院还保留研究生与资深成员公共休息室。

• In 2024-25 the university had a total income of £538.6 million, of which £107.1 million came from research grants and contracts.2024 至 2025 年度，学校总收入为 5.386 亿英镑，其中 1.071 亿英镑来自科研拨款与合同。

• Its endowment stood at £8.29 million in 2025.2025 年，其捐赠基金为 829 万英镑。

• The university is consistently designated a high-tariff institution, with the average entrant to its undergraduate courses having achieved between 142 and 151 UCAS tariff points in recent years.学校一直被列为高录取门槛院校，近年来其本科生的平均入学成绩为 142 至 151 个 UCAS 积分。

• There are about 6.2 applications for every undergraduate place, and the completion rate is 93.2 per cent.其本科每个名额大约有 6.2 份申请，学业完成率为 93.2%。

• The university publishes the University of York Music Press, founded in 1995, which has so far issued more than a thousand works.学校经营约克大学出版社音乐分社，该社成立于 1995 年，迄今已出版逾千部作品。

• Campus West hosts the National Science Learning Centre, which opened in March 2006 as the hub of a £51 million national network for science teaching.西校区设有国家科学学习中心，该中心于 2006 年 3 月启用，是耗资 5100 万英镑的全国科学教学网络的枢纽。

• The centre is operated by the White Rose University Consortium, which links the universities of Leeds, Sheffield and York.该中心由白玫瑰大学联盟运营，该联盟联结利兹、谢菲尔德与约克三所大学。

• Its colleges are named after figures and places including the River Derwent, Alcuin of York, Sir John Vanbrugh, the astronomer John Goodricke, the Roman emperor Constantine and the Ugandan human rights defender David Kato.其各学院以人物与地名命名，包括德文特河、约克的阿尔昆、约翰·范布勒爵士、天文学家约翰·古德里克、罗马皇帝君士坦丁以及乌干达人权活动家大卫·卡托。

• Its other research bodies include the Centre for Modern Studies, the Institute for the Public Understanding of the Past, the Centre for Health Economics and the Post-war Reconstruction and Development Unit.其其他研究机构包括现代研究中心、公众历史理解研究所、卫生经济学研究中心以及战后重建与发展研究组。

Campus

• The campus lies south-east of the city of York and covers about 500 acres.校园位于约克市东南方，占地约 500 英亩。

• The original Campus West incorporates the York Science Park and the National Science Learning Centre, and its wildlife, lakes and greenery are prominent.最初的西校区包含约克科学园与国家科学学习中心，其野生动物、湖泊与绿地十分醒目。

• Campus East opened in 2009 and hosts five colleges and three departments, as well as conference spaces, a sports village and a business start-up incubator.东校区于 2009 年启用，容纳五所学院与三个系，并设有会议场所、体育村与企业孵化器。

• Between 1963 and 2026 the university leased King's Manor in the city centre, about two miles from the main campus.1963 至 2026 年间，学校租用市中心、距主校区约两英里的国王庄苑。

• King's Manor began as the Abbot's House of St Mary's Abbey and later became the headquarters of the Council of the North after the dissolution of the monasteries.国王庄苑原为圣玛丽修道院院长宅邸，在修道院解散后成为北方事务委员会的总部。

• In 2024 the university announced that it would stop using King's Manor for teaching and research because of maintenance costs and accessibility problems, and the lease was taken over by York St John University in 2026.2024 年，学校因维护成本与无障碍问题宣布将停止在国王庄苑开展教学与研究；该址租约于 2026 年转由约克圣约翰大学接手。

• King's Manor long housed the Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies, a postgraduate institute known for its one-year diploma course in conservation studies.国王庄苑曾长期设高级建筑研究所，该研究生机构以一年制文物保护研究文凭课程闻名。

• Many buildings on Campus West were assembled using the CLASP system of prefabricated construction, and they are linked by covered walkways and bridges, and the campus also has an all-weather pitch and a county-standard cricket pitch.西校区许多建筑采用 CLASP 预制建造体系搭建，并以带顶通道与桥梁相连；校区内还设有全天候人造草场与郡级标准的板球场。

• Central Hall is a half-octagonal concert hall used for convocations and examinations as well as performances, and it is a Grade II listed building.中央大厅是一座半八角形的音乐厅，用于典礼、考试与演出，为二级登录建筑。

• The university library opened in 1965 and now comprises three linked buildings on Campus West, the JB Morrell, Raymond Burton and Fairhurst buildings.大学图书馆于 1965 年启用，如今由西校区三座相连建筑组成，即 JB 莫雷尔楼、雷蒙德·伯顿楼与费尔赫斯特楼。

• The campus lake is the largest plastic-bottomed lake in Europe and was created partly as a drainage basin for the flat site.校园湖泊是欧洲最大的塑底湖，其修建原因之一是为平坦的校址提供排水蓄洪区。

• The lake supports wildfowl including greylag, Canada and barnacle geese, coots, moorhens and black swans, and the southern end has been established as a bird sanctuary.湖中栖息着灰雁、加拿大雁、藤壶雁、白骨顶、黑水鸡与黑天鹅等水禽，湖的南端已辟为鸟类保护区。

• Heslington Hall is a Grade II listed manor house built in 1568 for Sir Thomas Eynns, secretary to the Council of the North.海斯灵顿庄园是一座二级登录庄园宅邸，1568 年为北方事务委员会秘书托马斯·艾恩斯爵士而建。

• During the Second World War Heslington Hall was taken over by the Royal Air Force as the headquarters of No. 4 Group of Bomber Command.第二次世界大战期间，海斯灵顿庄园被英国皇家空军征用，作为轰炸机司令部第 4 大队的总部。

• Campus East includes the York Sports Village and an Olympic-sized outdoor velodrome, the only one in Yorkshire or the north-east of England, while the York Science Park nearby hosts organisations such as the Higher Education Academy and the York Neuroimaging Centre.东校区设有约克体育村与一座奥运规格的室外自行车赛车场，后者是约克郡与英格兰东北部唯一的一座；附近的约克科学园入驻高等教育学院、约克神经影像中心等机构。

Reputation

• The University of York places joint 158th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, joint 168th in the 2027 Times Higher Education table and in the 301-400 band of the Academic Ranking of World Universities.约克大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 158，2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名并列第 168，在软科世界大学学术排名中处于 301 至 400 区间。

• In national rankings for 2026 it was placed twelfth by the Complete University Guide and twentieth by the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide.在 2026 年英国国内排名中，其位列《完全大学指南》第 12 名、《泰晤士报》与《星期日泰晤士报》优秀大学指南第 20 名。

• In 2010 it was named University of the Year by Times Higher Education for combining academic excellence with social inclusion and for its record in scientific discovery.2010 年，学校因兼顾学术卓越与社会包容、并在科学发现方面成绩突出，被《泰晤士高等教育》评为“年度大学”。

• It was one of the first of the plate glass universities established in the 1960s.它是 20 世纪 60 年代创办的最早一批“平板玻璃大学”之一。

• It is a member of the Russell Group, the N8 Group and the White Rose University Consortium.学校是罗素集团、N8 研究联盟与白玫瑰大学联盟的成员。

• It reached its best ever position of 70th in the QS World University Rankings in 2009.2009 年，学校在 QS 世界大学排名中取得历史最高的第 70 位。

• In 2015 it gave offers of admission to 78.5 per cent of its applicants, the joint fifteenth lowest among Russell Group universities.2015 年，学校向 78.5% 的申请者发出录取通知，这一比例在罗素集团高校中并列第十五低。

• About 80 per cent of its graduates attain a first or upper second class degree, and the university has a completion rate of 93.2 per cent.其约 80% 的毕业生获得一等或二等一级荣誉学位，学业完成率为 93.2%。

• It is regarded as one of the leading universities in the north of England and combines its collegiate structure with strong research performance, and it is a member of Universities UK and the Worldwide Universities Network.学校被视为英格兰北部的主要大学之一，并将学院制结构与强劲的科研表现相结合；它还是英国大学联盟与世界大学网络的成员。

Student life

• Its motto is the Latin phrase In limine sapientiae, meaning on the threshold of wisdom, and its colours are dark blue and dark green.学校校训为拉丁语（In limine sapientiae），意为“智慧的门槛”，校色为深蓝与深绿。

• The students' union, known as YorkSU, merged with the postgraduate Graduate Students Association in 2024, and it opened its first union-run licensed venue, The Courtyard, in 2008.其学生会简称 YorkSU，于 2024 年与研究生会合并；2008 年，学生会开办了第一家自营酒吧 The Courtyard。

• Each college has its own junior common room committee or students' association, which runs college events, welfare services and the Freshers' Fortnight.每所学院都有自己的初级公共休息室委员会或学生协会，负责组织学院活动、福利服务与新生周。

• York Student Television, founded in 1967, is England's oldest student television station and has won several national student television awards.约克学生电视台创办于 1967 年，是英格兰最古老的学生电视台，曾多次获得全国学生电视奖项。

• University Radio York is the oldest independent radio station in the United Kingdom and won the Best Station award at the 2020 Student Radio Awards.约克大学广播电台是英国最古老的独立电台，并在 2020 年学生广播奖中获得最佳电台奖。

• The student newspaper Nouse was established in 1964 and has won national student media awards, while its rival Vision was named Guardian Student Newspaper of the Year five times.学生报纸《Nouse》创刊于 1964 年，多次获得全国学生媒体奖项；其竞争对手《Vision》曾五度获评《卫报》年度学生报纸。

• York Student Cinema has operated since 1966 and shows three films a week on an industry-standard digital projector.约克学生影院自 1966 年起运营，每周用工业标准的数字放映机放映三部影片。

• The university's teams play in black and gold, and it has 65 teams competing in British Universities and Colleges Sport.学校运动队以黑金色出战，共有 65 支队伍参加英国大学与学院体育联赛。

• Every summer term the university takes part in the Roses Tournament against Lancaster University, the largest inter-university sports tournament in Europe, and by 2015 Lancaster led by thirty wins to twenty-eight with one draw in 1974.每逢夏季学期，学校都与兰卡斯特大学举行“玫瑰对抗赛”，这是欧洲规模最大的校际体育赛事；截至 2015 年，兰卡斯特以 30 胜对 28 胜领先，双方另有 1974 年的一次平局。

• College Varsity, created in 2014, is held between the colleges of York and those of Durham University, and York previously won all six White Rose Varsity tournaments against York St John University.创建于 2014 年的“学院校队赛”在约克与杜伦大学的各学院之间举行；此前约克在与约克圣约翰大学的“白玫瑰校队赛”中六战全胜。

• Long Boi, a tall duck that lived by Derwent College, became an unofficial mascot, and a life-size bronze statue of him was unveiled in 2024.曾栖居德文特学院附近的“高个鸭”成为学校非官方吉祥物；2024 年，一尊与之等身的青铜像揭幕。

Notable people

• Aníbal Cavaco Silva, a former president and prime minister of Portugal, completed his doctorate in economics at York.葡萄牙前总统兼前总理阿尼巴尔·卡瓦科·席尔瓦在约克大学取得经济学博士学位。

• Han Seung-soo, the thirty-ninth prime minister of South Korea, earned his doctorate in economics at the university in 1968.韩国第 39 任国务总理韩升洙于 1968 年在该校取得经济学博士学位。

• Colville Young, a former governor-general of Belize, holds a doctorate in linguistics from York.伯利兹前总督科尔维尔·扬拥有约克大学的语言学博士学位。

• Daron Acemoglu, an economist educated at York, was later awarded the Nobel Prize in economic sciences.在约克大学接受教育的经济学家达龙·阿西莫格鲁后来获得诺贝尔经济学奖。

• Anthony Horowitz, the author, graduated in 1973 with a degree in English literature and art history.作家安东尼·赫洛维兹于 1973 年毕业，主修英语文学与艺术史。

• Greg Dyke, a former chairman of the Football Association, graduated in 1974 and later served as the university's chancellor from 2004 to 2015.英格兰足球总会前主席格雷格·戴克 1974 年毕业，并于 2004 至 2015 年出任学校校监。

• Harry Enfield, the comedian, studied politics and graduated in 1982, and the presenter Tom Scott graduated with a degree in linguistics.喜剧演员哈里·恩菲尔德主修政治学，1982 年毕业；主持人 Tom Scott 则获得语言学学位。

• Gavin Wood, a co-founder of Ethereum, is a computer science alumnus, and Chris Lilley is a computer scientist among its graduates.以太坊联合创始人加文·伍德是计算机科学专业校友，计算机科学家 Chris Lilley 也是其毕业生。

• Sara Davies, a businesswoman, graduated with a business degree in 2006.商界人士萨拉·戴维斯于 2006 年取得商学学位。

• Harriet Harman, a former member of the United Kingdom Parliament, is an alumna.英国议会前议员哈丽雅特·哈曼是学校校友。

• Sir Michael Dixon, a former director of the Natural History Museum, holds a doctorate in zoology from York.自然史博物馆前馆长迈克尔·迪克森爵士拥有约克大学的动物学博士学位。