University of Warsaw

The University of Warsaw (Polish: Uniwersytet Warszawski, Latin: Universitas Varsoviensis) is a public research university in Warsaw, Poland, and the largest institution of higher learning in the country.华沙大学（波兰语：Uniwersytet Warszawski，拉丁语：Universitas Varsoviensis）是波兰华沙的一所公立研究型大学，也是全国规模最大的高等学府。

Established on 19 November 1816 by Tsar Alexander I of Russia, it grew to 800 students and 50 professors within its early years and now places 289th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings.学校于 1816 年 11 月 19 日由俄国沙皇亚历山大一世批准建立，建校初期即发展到 800 名学生与 50 名教授，如今在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 289。

Its alumni range from the composer Frédéric Chopin and the novelist Bolesław Prus to the physician L. L. Zamenhof, inventor of Esperanto, and include Nobel laureates in literature, peace and economic sciences.其校友上自作曲家弗雷德里克·肖邦与小说家博莱斯瓦夫·普鲁斯，下至世界语发明者、医生 L. L. Zamenhof，并包括文学、和平与经济学领域的诺贝尔奖得主。

History

• In 1815 the newly created Congress Poland found itself without a university, as the Academy of Vilnius had been incorporated into the Russian Empire and the Jagiellonian University in Kraków lay within Austrian territory.1815 年新成立的波兰会议王国没有一所大学，因为维尔纽斯学院已被并入俄罗斯帝国，而克拉科夫的雅盖隆大学则处于奥地利治下。

• The university traces its origin to three older schools, the Warsaw Corps of Cadets founded in 1766, a school of law founded in 1808 and a school of medicine founded in 1809, which were combined when it was established in 1816.学校的前身可追溯至三所更早的学堂，即 1766 年创办的华沙军校、1808 年创办的法律学校与 1809 年创办的医学院，它们于 1816 年合并建校。

• Founded on 19 November 1816 under Tsar Alexander I, the university opened with five departments, Law and Administration, Medicine, Philosophy, Theology, and Art and Humanities.学校于 1816 年 11 月 19 日在沙皇亚历山大一世治下创办，初设五个学部，即法律与行政、医学、哲学、神学以及艺术与人文学科。

• It soon grew to 800 students and 50 professors, but was closed after most of its students and staff joined the November 1830 Uprising and again after the failed January Uprising of 1863.学校很快发展到 800 名学生与 50 名教授，但因多数师生参与 1830 年十一月起义而被关闭，1863 年一月起义失败后又再度停办。

• After the partitions of Poland the Imperial Russian government that controlled Congress Poland prohibited Polish-language schools, so the university could not operate legally for decades.瓜分波兰之后，控制波兰会议王国的沙俄帝国政府禁止开办波兰语学校，学校因而在数十年间无法合法办学。

• In 1915, during the First World War, Warsaw was seized by the German Empire and the occupying authorities allowed the university to reopen, with Polish reinstated as the language of instruction.1915 年第一次世界大战期间，华沙被德意志帝国占领，占领当局允许学校复办，波兰语重新成为教学语言。

• Between 1915 and 1918 the number of students rose from about 1,000 to more than 4,500, even as the occupiers deliberately kept the number of lecturers low.1915 至 1918 年间，学生人数从约 1,000 人增加到 4,500 人以上，尽管占领当局刻意压低讲师数量。

• After Poland regained independence in 1918 the rector, senate, deans and councils became democratically elected, and many professors returned from exile to help rebuild the university.1918 年波兰重获独立后，校长、评议会、院长与各委员会均改为民主选举产生，许多教授也从流亡中归来协助重建学校。

• By the beginning of the 1930s it had become the largest university in Poland, with more than 250 lecturers and some 10,000 students, though tuition fees and few scholarships kept study expensive.到 20 世纪 30 年代初，学校已是波兰规模最大的大学，拥有 250 余名讲师与约 10,000 名学生，不过学费不菲而奖学金极少，求学成本依然高昂。

• After the death of Józef Piłsudski in 1935 the senate renamed the institution the Józef Piłsudski University of Warsaw, a name it kept until the Second World War.1935 年约瑟夫·毕苏斯基去世后，评议会将学校更名为「约瑟夫·毕苏斯基华沙大学」，此名沿用至第二次世界大战。

• After the German invasion of 1939 the occupiers closed all Polish higher education, shipped the laboratories to Germany and turned the main campus into military barracks.1939 年德军入侵后，占领当局关闭了波兰所有高等院校，把实验室运往德国，并将主校园改作军营。

• Professors responded by organising the Secret University of Warsaw, teaching small groups in private flats, and by 1944 it counted more than 300 lecturers and 3,500 students.教授们随即组织起「秘密华沙大学」，在私人住宅中分组授课，到 1944 年已拥有 300 余名讲师与 3,500 名学生。

• During the occupation and the 1944 Warsaw Uprising, 63 professors were killed and the university lost 60 per cent of its buildings, while much of its art and book collections was destroyed or carried off.在占领期间与 1944 年华沙起义中，63 名教授遇难，学校损失了 60% 的建筑，大量艺术与图书收藏也被毁或掠走。

• In December 1945 lectures resumed for almost 4,000 students amid the ruins of the campus, and the buildings were gradually rebuilt over the following years.1945 年 12 月，学校在校园废墟中为近 4,000 名学生恢复授课，此后数年建筑逐步重建。

• Under the communist authorities from the late 1940s many professors were arrested, books were censored, and ideological criteria governed appointments and admissions.20 世纪 40 年代末以后，在共产党当局治下，许多教授遭逮捕，书籍受到审查，任免与招生也由意识形态标准支配。

• Education was nevertheless made free of charge, and the share of students receiving state scholarships reached 60 per cent.尽管如此，教育实现了免费，获得国家奖学金的学生比例达到 60%。

• After Władysław Gomułka came to power in 1956 a brief liberalisation followed, and international cooperation with foreign universities was resumed.1956 年瓦迪斯瓦夫·哥穆尔卡上台后出现短暂宽松，学校与外国大学的国际合作也得以恢复。

• By the mid-1960s the government again suppressed freedom of thought, and the banning of Mickiewicz's play Dziady in 1968 triggered student demonstrations that were brutally crushed.到 20 世纪 60 年代中期，当局再度压制思想自由，1968 年密茨凯维奇剧作《先人祭》遭禁，引发学生示威并遭残酷镇压。

• Many students and professors were expelled, yet the university stayed a centre of free thought whose members later helped build the Solidarity movement that brought down communism.大批师生被开除，但学校仍是自由思想的中心，其成员后来参与创建了推翻共产主义的团结工会运动。

• In 1999 a new library building of the Warsaw University Library opened in the Powiśle district, and after Poland joined the European Union in 2004 the university drew structural funds for new research buildings.1999 年华沙大学图书馆的新馆在波维希莱区落成，2004 年波兰加入欧盟后，学校又获得结构性基金用于建设新的科研楼。

• On 7 May 2025 an axe attack at the Auditorium Maximum killed a porter and injured two people, after which the rector Alojzy Z. Nowak declared a day of mourning and the annual Juwenalia festival was cancelled.2025 年 5 月 7 日，礼堂大楼发生斧击事件，一名门卫遇害、另有两人受伤，此后校长阿洛伊齐·Z·诺瓦克宣布哀悼日，一年一度的 Juwenalia 音乐节也被取消。

Academics

• The university is organised into faculties covering biology, chemistry, physics, geology, geography and regional studies, history, law and administration, economics, management, psychology, sociology, philosophy, mathematics, computer science and mechanics, among other fields.学校下设多个学院，涵盖生物学、化学、物理学、地质学、地理与区域研究、历史学、法律与行政、经济学、管理学、心理学、社会学、哲学、数学、计算机科学以及力学等领域。

• It offers 37 fields of study and about 100 specialisations across the humanities, the social sciences, the natural sciences and the technical sciences.学校在人文学科、社会科学、自然科学与技术科学领域提供 37 个专业方向与约 100 个专业细分。

• Degrees awarded range from the bachelor's and master's to the MBA, the doctorate and post-doctoral qualifications, following the three-cycle structure of the Bologna process.学校授予的学位从学士、硕士到工商管理硕士、博士以及博士后资格，遵循博洛尼亚进程的三级学位结构。

• Doctoral training is provided by the university's Doctoral Schools, introduced after Poland's higher-education reform of 2018, in the natural sciences, the humanities and the social sciences.博士培养由学校依照波兰 2018 年高等教育改革设立的博士学校承担，覆盖自然科学、人文与社会科学领域。

• Its faculties include the Faculty of Law and Administration, the Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, the Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology and the Faculty of Psychology.其学院包括法律与行政学院、政治科学与国际研究学院、哲学与社会学学院以及心理学学院。

• Named research units include the Institute of International Relations, described as Poland's first think tank for international relations, and the inter-faculty Institute for Social Studies.具名研究机构包括被称为波兰首个国际关系智库的国际关系研究院，以及跨学院社会研究院。

• Other named centres are the American Studies Center, the British Studies Centre, the Centre for European Regional and Local Studies and the Zajonc Institute for Social Studies.其他具名研究中心包括美国研究中心、英国研究中心、欧洲区域与地方研究中心以及扎伊翁茨社会研究院。

• The university has cooperation agreements with 128 institutions in 47 countries across five continents, including 79 in Europe, 18 in South America, 18 in Asia and 8 in North America.学校与五大洲 47 个国家的 128 所高校建立了合作关系，其中欧洲 79 所、南美 18 所、亚洲 18 所、北美 8 所。

• Governance rests with an elected rector and four vice-rectors, while an academic senate drawn from deans, professors, students and staff acts as the university's managing body.学校由选举产生的校长与四位副校长治理，由院长、教授、学生及员工代表组成的学术评议会则是其管理机构。

• The Warsaw University Library, housed in a building opened in 1999 in the Powiśle district, serves as the university's central library and main reading complex.华沙大学图书馆设于 1999 年在波维希莱区落成的大楼内，是学校的中心图书馆与主要阅览空间。

• The Faculty of Physics moved to the natural sciences campus on Pasteura Street, where it sits alongside chemistry, biology, mathematics, computer science and geology.物理学院迁至帕斯图拉街的自然科学园区，与化学、生物、数学、计算机与地质等学科为邻。

• The Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling on that campus provides the university with high-performance computing facilities.该园区内的跨学科数学与计算建模中心为学校提供高性能计算设施。

• The Environmental Heavy Ion Laboratory on the natural sciences campus houses a cyclotron and a facility for producing PET radiopharmaceuticals.自然科学园区内的环境重离子实验室拥有一台回旋加速器以及生产 PET 放射性药物的设施。

• The Centre of New Technologies, established with European Union funds after 2004, is one of the university's newer research units.新技术中心依托 2004 年之后获得的欧盟资金建立，是学校较新的科研机构之一。

• The inter-faculty Centre for Humanities Research is described as the only multidisciplinary humanities research institute of its kind in Poland.跨学院人文科学研究中心被称为波兰独有的多学科人文研究机构。

• ARWU placed the university's mathematics branch in the global top 150 and its physics branch in the global top 75 in the 2022 subject tables.在 2022 年软科排名的学科榜单中，学校数学学科位列全球前 150，物理学科位列全球前 75。

Campus

• The main campus lies in the city centre along Krakowskie Przedmieście, one of Warsaw's most historic streets, and comprises several former palaces nationalised in the 19th century.主校园位于市中心克拉科夫郊区街沿线，这是华沙最具历史感的街道之一，由数座在 19 世纪收归国有的旧宫殿组成。

• The university owns 126 buildings and educational complexes, most of them concentrated in the central campus and a second natural sciences campus.学校拥有 126 座建筑与教学综合体，多数集中于中心校区与第二处自然科学园区。

• The Kazimierzowski Palace houses the rector and the senate, while the Uruski Palace on the left of the main gate houses the Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies.卡齐米日宫为校长与评议会所在地，主门左侧的乌鲁斯基宫则是地理与区域研究学院所在地。

• The Main School building, seat of the university until the January 1863 Uprising, now houses the Institute of Archaeology, and the Old Library has been converted into a lecture building.主校舍在 1863 年一月起义前曾是学校的办学场所，现为考古研究所所在，旧图书馆则改建为教学楼。

• The Auditorium Maximum, the largest lecture hall with seats for several hundred students, stands on the main campus and was the scene of the 2025 axe attack.礼堂大楼是学校最大的讲堂，可容纳数百名学生，位于主校园，也是 2025 年斧击事件的发生地。

• The natural sciences campus near Banacha and Pasteura streets hosts chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, computer science and geology and includes the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling.位于巴纳哈街与帕斯图拉街附近的自然科学园区集中了化学、物理、生物、数学、计算机与地质学科，并设有跨学科数学与计算建模中心。

• Together with the Radium Institute and the Medical University of Warsaw, this campus forms an almost unbroken area of scientific and educational facilities covering about 43 hectares (110 acres).该园区连同镭研究所与华沙医科大学，构成一片几乎连成一体、占地约 43 公顷（110 英亩）的科教设施区。

• The Warsaw University Library stands a short walk downhill from the main campus, in the Powiśle neighbourhood beside the Vistula river.华沙大学图书馆距主校园仅一小段下坡步行路程，位于维斯瓦河畔的波维希莱街区。

Reputation

• The University of Warsaw is placed 289th in the 2027 QS World University Rankings, 801st to 1000th in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, 435th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities and in the 401st-500th band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities.华沙大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 289，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列 801 至 1000 区间，在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 435，并处于 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名的 401 至 500 区间。

• ARWU named it the best Polish higher-education institution in 2012, 2017, 2018 and 2020, and the Perspektywy magazine named it the best Polish university in 2010, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2019 and 2022.软科在 2012、2017、2018 与 2020 年将其评为波兰最佳高等院校，《Perspektywy》杂志则在 2010、2011、2014、2016、2019 与 2022 年将其评为波兰最佳大学。

• In the 2016 Times Higher Education ranking of the 100 best universities in Europe it was placed 61st, and in 2006 it was listed among the world's 500 leading universities.在 2016 年《泰晤士高等教育》评选的欧洲最佳 100 所大学中，学校位列第 61，2006 年则被列入世界 500 强大学之列。

• According to OpenAlex, the university has produced 110,041 research works that have attracted 4,691,157 citations.据 OpenAlex 统计，学校已产出 110,041 项研究成果，累计被引用 4,691,157 次。

• Its alumni include five Nobel laureates, Henryk Sienkiewicz for Literature in 1905, Menachem Begin for Peace in 1978, Joseph Rotblat for Peace in 1995, Leonid Hurwicz for Economics in 2007 and Olga Tokarczuk for Literature in 2018.其校友中有五位诺贝尔奖得主，即 1905 年文学奖得主亨利克·显克微支、1978 年和平奖得主梅纳赫姆·贝京、1995 年和平奖得主约瑟夫·罗特布拉特、2007 年经济学奖得主里昂尼德·赫维奇与 2018 年文学奖得主奥尔加·托卡尔丘克。

• A Polish newspaper rated it the country's best higher-education institution in 2007, and its mathematicians and physicists have long led the Warsaw School of Mathematics.一家波兰报纸于 2007 年将其评为国内最佳高等院校，其数学家与物理学家长期引领华沙数学学派。

• Its nuclear-physics research has been carried out for more than three decades at its Heavy Ion Laboratory, and its scientists have been awarded European Research Council Starting Grants.其核物理研究已在该校重离子实验室开展三十余年，其科学家亦获得欧洲研究理事会启动资助。

• ARWU placed its mathematics in the global top 150 and its physics in the global top 75 in the 2022 subject tables.在 2022 年软科排名的学科榜单中，其数学位列全球前 150，物理位列全球前 75。

• Its graduates include two presidents of Poland, two prime ministers of Israel and the third president of Mali, Alpha Oumar Konaré.其毕业生包括两位波兰总统、两位以色列总理以及马里第三任总统阿尔法·乌马尔·科纳雷。

Student life

• The university uses no formal Latin motto, and its visual identity rests instead on its coat of arms, a crowned Polish eagle whose five stars represent its original five faculties of theology, law, medicine, philosophy and the liberal arts.学校没有正式的拉丁校训，其形象标识由校徽承载，即一只头戴皇冠的波兰鹰，鹰身上的五颗星代表最初的神学、法学、医学、哲学与自由艺术五大学科。

• The university marks its foundation each 19 November, the date in 1816 on which Alexander I granted its establishment.学校每年 11 月 19 日纪念建校，这一天是 1816 年亚历山大一世批准建校的日子。

• The students celebrate Juwenalia, a traditional Polish student festival that was scheduled for 9 and 10 May 2025 before being cancelled after the attack at the Auditorium Maximum.学生庆祝 Juwenalia，这一波兰传统学生节原定于 2025 年 5 月 9 日至 10 日举行，后因礼堂大楼斧击事件而取消。

• A Welcome Point Pavilion on the main campus gives international students, doctoral candidates and employees practical advice on academic life in Warsaw.主校园的欢迎中心（Welcome Point Pavilion）为国际学生、博士研究生与教职员提供在华沙求学的实用咨询。

• DeepMind scholarships, awarded for the sixth time in 2026, support master's students at the university who work on artificial intelligence and machine learning.华沙大学设立的 DeepMind 奖学金 2026 年已颁至第六届，资助从事人工智能与机器学习研究的硕士研究生。

• The opening ceremony of the 2026-2027 academic year was held on 1 October 2026, at which the rector called the university the best in Poland.2026 至 2027 学年开学典礼于 2026 年 10 月 1 日举行，校长在会上称本校为波兰最佳大学。

• Its graduates have long made up a large part of the Polish intelligentsia, a role the university has held since the 19th century.其毕业生长期构成波兰知识界的重要组成部分，这一角色自 19 世纪延续至今。

Notable people

• Frédéric Chopin, the pianist and composer of the Romantic era, is counted among the university's alumni, having studied at the Warsaw school that preceded it.浪漫主义时期的钢琴家与作曲家弗雷德里克·肖邦被列为学校校友，他曾就读于华沙大学前身的学堂。

• Henryk Sienkiewicz, an alumnus, won the 1905 Nobel Prize in Literature, and Olga Tokarczuk, also an alumna, won the 2018 Nobel Prize in Literature.校友亨利克·显克微支获 1905 年诺贝尔文学奖，同为校友的奥尔加·托卡尔丘克则获 2018 年诺贝尔文学奖。

• Menachem Begin, an alumnus, was the sixth Prime Minister of Israel and won the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize, while Yitzhak Shamir, also an alumnus, was the seventh Prime Minister of Israel.校友梅纳赫姆·贝京是以色列第六任总理，获 1978 年诺贝尔和平奖，同为校友的伊扎克·沙米尔则任以色列第七任总理。

• Leonid Hurwicz, an alumnus, shared the 2007 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his work on mechanism design theory.校友里昂尼德·赫维奇因机制设计理论的研究分享了 2007 年诺贝尔经济学奖。

• Alfred Tarski, an alumnus from the university's mathematics faculty, was a founder of model theory and a member of the Lwów-Warsaw school of logic.出自学校数学系的校友阿尔弗雷德·塔斯基是模型论的奠基人，也是利沃夫-华沙逻辑学派的成员。

• Wacław Sierpiński, the mathematician who gave his name to the Sierpiński triangle, was both a graduate of the university and later one of its professors.以「谢尔宾斯基三角形」命名的数学家瓦茨瓦夫·谢尔宾斯基既是该校毕业生，后也成为该校教授。

• L. L. Zamenhof, an alumnus, was the physician who created Esperanto, while Jerzy Neyman, also an alumnus, was a founding figure of modern mathematical statistics.校友 L. L. Zamenhof 是创立世界语的医生，同为校友的耶日·内曼则是现代数理统计学的奠基人物。

• Bronisław Komorowski and Lech Kaczyński, both alumni, each served as President of Poland, in 2010-2015 and 2005-2010 respectively.校友布罗尼斯瓦夫·科莫罗夫斯基与莱赫·卡钦斯基都曾任波兰总统，分别于 2010 至 2015 年与 2005 至 2010 年在任。

• Wojciech Zaremba, an alumnus, co-founded the artificial intelligence company OpenAI, and Taco Hemingway, also an alumnus, is one of Poland's best-selling musicians.校友沃伊切赫·扎伦巴是人工智能公司 OpenAI 的联合创始人，同为校友的 Taco Hemingway 则是波兰最畅销的音乐人之一。

• Zygmunt Bauman, an alumnus, was a sociologist known for his work on liquid modernity, while Jan T. Gross, also an alumnus, is a professor of history at Princeton University and Adam Przeworski, also an alumnus, teaches political science at New York University.校友齐格蒙特·鲍曼是以「流动的现代性」研究著称的社会学家，同为校友的扬·T·格罗斯是普林斯顿大学的历史学教授，亚当·普热沃斯基也同为校友，在纽约大学任教政治学。