University of Vienna

The University of Vienna, called Universität Wien in German and Universitas Viennensis in Latin, is a public research university founded on 12 March 1365 by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, the oldest university in the German-speaking world and the third oldest in Central Europe after Prague and Kraków, with around 85,000 students and roughly 11,000 employees.维也纳大学德语称 Universität Wien，拉丁语称 Universitas Viennensis，是 1365 年 3 月 12 日由奥地利大公鲁道夫四世创办的公立研究型大学，是德语世界最古老、也是继布拉格与克拉科夫之后中欧第三古老的大学，在校生约 8.5 万人，教职员工约 1.1 万人。

The university is associated with seventeen Nobel Prize laureates, among them Erwin Schrodinger, Karl Landsteiner, Konrad Lorenz, Friedrich Hayek, Elias Canetti, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Anton Zeilinger, and it offers 185 degree programmes across fifteen faculties and five centres, taught by 7,640 academic staff within a total workforce of 10,887 in the 2024 to 2025 academic year.学校与 17 位诺贝尔奖得主相关联，其中就有埃尔温·薛定谔、卡尔·兰德施泰纳、康拉德·洛伦兹、弗里德里希·哈耶克、埃利亚斯·卡内蒂、埃曼努埃尔·夏尔庞捷与安东·蔡林格；学校下设十五个学院与五个中心，提供 185 个学位项目，2024 至 2025 学年共有 7,640 名学术人员与合计 10,887 人的教职员工。

History

• The university was founded on 12 March 1365 by Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, hence the title Alma Mater Rudolphina, and it is the third oldest university in Central Europe after the Charles University in Prague, founded in 1347, and the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, founded in 1364, although it remains a question of definition because Prague too was a German-speaking foundation.大学由奥地利大公鲁道夫四世于 1365 年 3 月 12 日创办，故有「鲁道夫育母」之称；它是中欧第三古老的大学，仅次于 1347 年创办的布拉格查理大学与 1364 年创办的克拉科夫雅盖隆大学——不过也有学者指出，就创办时的语言环境而言布拉格同样属于德语区，这一排序仍有讨论空间。

• Pope Urban V did not ratify the deed of foundation sanctioned by Rudolf IV, specifically in relation to the department of theology, presumably because of pressure from the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV, who wished to avoid competition with the Charles University in Prague, and only in 1384 was papal assent finally received, which gave the university and its Faculty of Catholic Theology the status of a full university.教宗乌尔班五世并未批准鲁道夫四世核准的建校文书，尤其在神学系问题上，据信是受到神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理四世施压——后者希望避免与布拉格查理大学竞争。直到 1384 年，教廷方才最终表示同意，学校与其天主教神学院由此获得完全大学的地位。

• The first university building opened in 1385, and the institution grew into the biggest university of the Holy Roman Empire, so that by the mid-fifteenth century, when humanism arrived, it housed more than 6,000 students and counted as one of the intellectual centres of Europe.大学的第一座校舍于 1385 年启用，学校此后成长为神圣罗马帝国规模最大的大学；到 15 世纪中叶人文主义兴起之时，在校学生已超过 6,000 人，成为欧洲的学术中心之一。

• In its early years the university had a partly hierarchical and partly cooperative structure, with the Rector at the top, four faculties formed by the magister and the doctors electing officers from their own ranks, and all members of the university divided into four Academic Nations whose elected boards, mostly graduates themselves, chose the Rector and served on the Consistory.建校初期，学校兼具等级制与合作制的双重结构：校长居于顶端，由教师与博士组成的四个学院从本院成员中选出官员；全体成员则分为四个「学术民族」，各民族推选的代表（多为本校毕业生）负责选举校长并组成校务会议。

• Considered a papal institution, the university suffered a severe setback during the Reformation, when epidemics, economic stagnation and the first siege of Vienna by Ottoman forces devastated the city and drove enrolment down sharply, and for Emperor Ferdinand I this meant that the university should be tied to the church even more closely.作为教廷机构，学校在宗教改革期间遭遇重创：瘟疫、经济停滞与奥斯曼军队对维也纳的第一次围困重创了这座城市，注册人数急剧下降。对皇帝斐迪南一世而言，这意味着大学应当与教会结合得更加紧密。

• Ferdinand I installed the Jesuit Order at the university in 1551, conflicts between the Jesuit school and the university followed, and in 1623 Emperor Ferdinand II passed a law incorporating the Jesuit College into the university, which merged the college's teaching staff and its library into the older institution.1551 年，斐迪南一世将耶稣会引入学校；此后耶稣会学校与大学之间冲突不断，1623 年皇帝斐迪南二世颁布法令，将耶稣会学院并入大学，其教师与藏书也随之进入这所古老学府。

• Only in the mid-eighteenth century did the Jesuits lose their influence over the university and Empress Maria Theresa bring it under the control of the monarchy, after which it concentrated on educating physicians and civil servants, and her successor Joseph II continued the reforms, abolishing official attire and opening the university more widely to Protestants and to women.直到 18 世纪中叶，耶稣会的势力才退出学校，玛丽亚·特蕾莎女皇把大学置于王权控制之下，学校此后专注于培养医生与公务员；其继任者约瑟夫二世继续推行改革，废除官方服饰，并进一步向新教徒与女性开放。

• The university's own library has a recorded history of more than six centuries, the oldest collection of 2,787 volumes closing in 1756 and passing to the Court Library under Gerard van Swieten, a new Academic Library opening on 13 May 1777, the birthday of Maria Theresa, with about 45,000 books, and a classicist extension added at Postgasse 9 between 1827 and 1829.学校图书馆的成文历史超过六个世纪：最古老的馆藏在 1756 年关闭，2,787 册藏书在赫拉德·范·斯维滕主持下并入宫廷图书馆；1777 年 5 月 13 日，即玛丽亚·特蕾莎生日当天，新的学术图书馆开放，藏书约 4.5 万册；1827 至 1829 年又在邮政巷 9 号增建古典主义馆舍。

• Significant changes followed the revolution of 1848, when the Philosophical Faculty was raised to equal standing with theology, law and medicine, and under the reforms of Leopold, Count von Thun und Hohenstein the university obtained a larger degree of academic freedom, with the Austrian constitution of 1867 then proclaiming in Article 17 that science and its teaching are free.1848 年革命带来重大变革，哲学系被提升到与神学、法学、医学同等地位；在教育大臣利奥波德·冯·图恩-海恩斯坦伯爵的改革推动下，学校获得更大程度的学术自由；1867 年奥地利宪法更在第十七条宣告「科学及其研习自由」。

• The main building on the Ringstrasse was built between 1877 and 1884 by Heinrich von Ferstel and inaugurated on 11 October 1884 by the Emperor Franz Joseph I, while the previous main building had stood close to the Stuben Gate on Iganz Seipel Square, the site now occupied by the old University Church and the Austrian Academy of Sciences.环城大道上的大学主楼由海因里希·冯·费斯特尔设计，1877 至 1884 年间建成，并于 1884 年 10 月 11 日由皇帝 Franz Joseph 一世主持揭幕；此前的校本部位于施图本门附近的伊格纳茨·塞佩尔广场，如今那里是老大学教堂与奥地利科学院。

• Women were conditionally admitted to the Philosophical Faculty in 1878 and admitted as full students in 1897, but only to philosophy, the other faculties following slowly, with medicine in 1900, law in 1919, Protestant theology in 1923 and finally Roman Catholic theology in 1946.1878 年哲学学院开始有条件地招收女生，1897 年女性获准以正式学生身份入学，但起初仅限哲学专业；其余学院随后缓慢跟进，医学院为 1900 年，法学院为 1919 年，新教神学院为 1923 年，天主教神学院直到 1946 年才终于开放。

• Ten years after the admission of the first female students, Elise Richter became the first woman in the university to be granted habilitation, taking a professorship in Romance languages in 1907, and she was also the first female full professor, a distinction that closed one of the last formal barriers to women in Austrian academic life.首批女生入学十年后，埃莉泽·里希特成为校内首位获得教授任职资格的女性，1907 年出任罗曼语文学教授；她也是学校第一位正教授，为奥地利学界女性的一道最后形式性屏障划上句号。

• The university was in steady turmoil through the late 1920s because of anti-democratic and anti-Semitic activity among parts of the student body, with student riots in 1928 and 1932, and in 1936 the philosopher Moritz Schlick was killed by a former student while climbing the steps of the university for his class, the murderer later being released by the Nazi regime.20 世纪 20 年代末，因部分学生的反民主与反犹活动，学校长期动荡，1928 年与 1932 年都发生了学生骚乱；1936 年，哲学教授莫里茨·石里克在登台阶去上课时被一名昔日学生杀害，而凶手后来被纳粹政权释放。

• After the Anschluss of 1938 the university was reorganised along political lines and a large number of teachers and students were dismissed on political and racial grounds, the first bombardment of the university came in September 1944, and by the end of the war nearly a third of its buildings and sixty-five per cent of its roofs had been destroyed, with no building spared.1938 年奥地利被并入德国后，大学按政治需要被整编，大量师生因政治与「种族」原因被开除；1944 年 9 月学校首次遭到炮击；战争结束时，近三分之一的建筑与 65% 的屋顶被毁，没有一栋楼幸免。

• In April 1945 the twenty-two-year-old Kurt Schubert, later acknowledged as a doyen of Judaic studies at the university, was permitted by the Soviet occupation forces to reopen it for teaching and is therefore regarded as the unofficial first rector of the post-war period, while on 25 April 1945 the constitutional lawyer Ludwig Adamovich senior was elected the official rector.1945 年 4 月，22 岁的库尔特·舒伯特（后被公认为校内犹太学研究的泰斗）获苏联占领当局许可重开教学，被视为战后非正式的首任校长；1945 年 4 月 25 日，宪法学家老路德维希·阿达莫维奇被正式选为校长。

• A large degree of participation by students and staff was introduced with the University Organisational Law of 1975, the Neues Institutsgebäude behind the main building was completed in 1962, the city council donated the old general hospital to the university in 1988, and after ten years of conversion the Vienna University Campus opened in 1998 to house the Faculty of Humanities, which today comprises fifteen departments.1975 年的《大学组织法》大幅提高了学生与教职员在校务中的参与度；主楼后方的新学院大楼于 1962 年建成；1988 年，市议会将旧总医院赠予学校，历经十年改造，维也纳大学校园于 1998 年开放，容纳如今拥有十五个系的文学院。

• The University Reforms of 1993 and 2002 largely restored the professors as the main decision makers and, as part of the 2002 reform, the university regained its full legal capacity after more than 250 years of substantial governmental control, the number of faculties and centres was raised to 18, tuition fees were introduced, and the whole medical faculty was separated into the new Medical University of Vienna, independent since 2004.1993 年与 2002 年的两次大学改革大体恢复了教授在决策中的主导地位；2002 年的改革还使学校在经历 250 多年政府深度控制后重新取得完整的法人资格，学院与中心数目增至 18 个，并引入学费，整个医学院则被分拆为新成立的维也纳医科大学，该校自 2004 年起独立。

• On 22 October 2009 students occupied the Audimax, the largest lecture hall in Austria, which had opened in 1936, in protest against the implementation of the Bologna Process, the reintroduction of tuition fees, restrictions on access to higher education and precarious working conditions, and they demanded that the higher education budget be raised to two per cent of national output.2009 年 10 月 22 日，学生占领了 1936 年落成的奥地利最大阶梯教室「奥迪马克斯」，抗议博洛尼亚进程在奥地利的推行、学费恢复、高等教育准入受限以及教职劳动条件不稳定，并要求把高等教育预算提高到国内生产总值的 2%。

• The year 2015 marked the 650th anniversary of the university on 12 March under the slogan that it has been asking questions since 1365, and part of the programme of the Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concert was dedicated to that anniversary, while a new teacher education programme for secondary schools, organised with regional development associations, began in 2016.2015 年 3 月 12 日，学校迎来 650 周年校庆，主题是「自 1365 年起我们不断发问」，维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的部分节目也专门献给这一校庆；2016 年，学校与各区域发展协会合作开办的中等教育教师培养新项目正式启动。

• Infrastructure has continued to expand in the last five years, with a new location on Kolingasse opened in 2020 and the University of Vienna Biology Building opened in October 2021, and in October 2022 Sebastian Schutze was elected Rector and a new Rectorate took office, the same month in which the university congratulated the Nobel laureate Anton Zeilinger.近五年学校的基础设施持续扩张：2020 年科林巷新址启用，2021 年 10 月维也纳大学生物大楼落成；2022 年 10 月，塞巴斯蒂安·屈策当选校长、新一届校务委员会就职，同月学校祝贺诺贝尔奖得主安东·蔡林格。

• The most recent change is the opening of a new book depository in May 2025, which relocated 2.7 million volumes out of the Main Library in the main building, and in October 2025 the university achieved a place in the top 100 of a global university ranking for the first time in its history.近期的最新变化是 2025 年 5 月启用的新书库，它把 270 万册图书从主楼的总图书馆迁出；2025 年 10 月，学校首次进入某全球大学排名前一百位。

Academics

• The university is organised into fifteen faculties and five centres, namely the faculties of Catholic theology, Protestant theology, law, business, economics and statistics, computer science, historical and cultural studies, philological and cultural studies, philosophy and education, psychology, social sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry, earth sciences, geography and astronomy, and life sciences, together with centres for translation studies, sport science and university sport, the Max Perutz Labs, microbiology and environmental systems science, and teacher education.学校下设十五个学院与五个中心：天主教神学院、新教神学院、法学院、商业经济与统计学院、计算机科学学院、历史与文化研究学院、语文学与文化研究学院、哲学与教育学院、心理学学院、社会科学学院、数学学院、物理学院、化学学院、地球科学地理与天文学学院、生命科学学院，另设翻译学中心、体育与大学体育中心、马克斯·佩鲁茨实验室、微生物与环境系统科学中心和教师教育中心。

• In the 2024 to 2025 academic year the university taught 85,243 students, of whom 6,190 were postgraduates and 2,531 doctoral candidates, supported by 7,640 academic staff and 3,043 administrative staff for a total of 10,887 employees, on a budget of 848.1 million euros, and it offered 185 degree programmes across the year.2024 至 2025 学年，学校有在校生 85,243 人，其中研究生 6,190 人、博士生 2,531 人；学术人员 7,640 人、行政人员 3,043 人，教职员工合计 10,887 人，年度预算 8.481 亿欧元；全年共提供 185 个学位项目。

• In the same academic year the university awarded 4,106 first degrees in the bachelor's and diploma grades, 1,841 master's degrees and 242 doctoral and PhD degrees, and the graduate and doctoral schools sit beside professional programmes in law, medicine, psychology, dentistry and education, with the medical faculty having left for the independent Medical University of Vienna.同一学年，学校颁出学士与文凭层级的初次学位 4,106 个、硕士学位 1,841 个、博士与博士学位 242 个；研究生与博士教育之外，还有法学、医学、心理学、牙医学与教育等专业项目，医学院则已划归独立的维也纳医科大学。

• The university's standing rests on the humanities and social sciences as much as on the sciences, and its Vienna schools of medicine, national economics and art history gave it an international reputation long before the twentieth century, while the Austrian school of economics, whose founders Carl Menger, Eugen von Bohm-Bawerk, Friedrich von Wieser, Joseph Schumpeter and Ludwig von Mises all studied and later taught here, began in these rooms.学校的声望既建立在人文学与社会科学之上，也建立在自然科学之上；在 20 世纪之前，维也纳的医学学派、国民经济学派与艺术史学派就让它享有国际声誉，而奥地利经济学派的奠基人卡尔·门格尔、欧根·冯·庞巴维克、弗里德里希·冯·维塞尔、约瑟夫·熊彼特与路德维希·冯·米塞斯都曾在此求学并任教，这一学派正是在这里起步的。

• Among the university's seventeen Nobel laureates, nine taught here, and among them Erwin Schrodinger won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933, Otto Loewi the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936 for the chemical transmission of nerve impulses, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz shared the 1974 physiology prize that year for animal behaviour, and Friedrich Hayek the economics prize in 1974.在该校 17 位诺贝尔奖得主中，有 9 位曾在此任教：埃尔温·薛定谔 1933 年获诺贝尔物理学奖，奥托·勒维 1936 年因发现神经冲动的化学传递获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，卡尔·冯·弗里希与康拉德·洛伦兹 1973 年因动物行为研究分享该年生理学或医学奖，弗里德里希·哈耶克 1974 年获经济学奖。

• The Department of English and American Studies, formerly the Department of English, sits in the Faculty of Philological and Cultural Studies, and when Jakob Schipper took the chair of English philology in 1876 Vienna became the third university in the German-speaking world to create such a post, with 324 students attending the English literature lecture in 1927 and 462 attending the historical grammar lecture in 1928.英美研究系（前身英语系）隶属于语文学与文化研究学院；1876 年雅各布·席珀出任英语语文学讲席时，维也纳成为德语世界第三所设立该讲席的大学。1927 年英语文学讲座已有 324 名学生听讲，1928 年历史语法讲座则有 462 人。

• Among the university's named research platforms the Max Perutz Labs Vienna, founded in the names of the Nobel laureate Max Perutz who worked out the structure of haemoglobin, stand for the structural biology centre on the campus, while the Vienna University Biology Building opened in October 2021 houses the life sciences and the Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering in a single modern complex.在学校的具名科研平台中，以诺贝尔奖得主马克斯·佩鲁茨命名的维也纳马克斯·佩鲁茨实验室是校园的结构生物学中心——佩鲁茨正是在此确定了血红蛋白的结构；2021 年 10 月启用的维也纳大学生物大楼，则把生命科学与相关院系集中在一座现代建筑群中。

• Students choose from 185 degree programmes, and the offerings are organised as bachelor and diploma programmes, master and teacher education programmes, and doctoral and PhD programmes, while the Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics is a different institution from the Vienna University of Economics and Business and must not be confused with it, a distinction that matters for every applicant.学生可在 185 个学位项目中选择，课程按学士与文凭项目、硕士与教师教育项目以及博士项目三类组织。需要注意，学校的商业、经济与统计学院与维也纳经济及工商大学是不同机构，切勿混淆——这一区分对每一位申请者都很重要。

• Teaching of economics and mathematics sits at Oskar Morgenstern Platz, and the Faculty of Law, or Juridicum, was completed in 1984 on Schottenbastei in the first district and is regarded as one of the most important post-modern buildings in Vienna, while the University Centre Althanstrasse was built in stages between 1978 and 1995 on the site of the former Josef Franz railway station.经济与数学两学院位于奥斯卡·摩根斯特恩广场；法学院（法学院楼）于 1984 年在第一区苏格兰堡垒街落成，被视为维也纳最重要的后现代建筑之一；阿尔滕大街大学中心则于 1978 至 1995 年间分批建成，原址为约瑟夫·弗朗茨火车站。

• Teaching and research run through three governing bodies, a Rectorate of the Rector and four Vice-Rectors responsible for strategy, a University Council of nine members appointed for five-year terms, and a Senate of eighteen members, supported by a Scientific Advisory Board that follows international scientific developments and long-term strategy.学校设有三个决策机构：由校长与四位副校长组成、负责战略方向的校务委员会；由九名成员组成、任期五年的大学理事会；以及由 18 名成员组成的参议院；另有科学顾问委员会负责跟踪国际科学发展与长期战略。

• The university library is the oldest university library in the German-speaking world, founded with the university in 1365, and by 2026 it comprised the Main Library and 33 departmental libraries and was the largest library in Austria, holding 7,839,311 books in 2025, of which 2,949,481 belonged to the Main Library, alongside 169,716 electronic journals and 2,228,718 electronic books, and its oldest volume is a 1392 Bible from the Dorothean monastery.维也纳大学图书馆是德语世界最古老的大学图书馆，随 1365 年建校而设立；到 2026 年，它由总馆与 33 个院系图书馆组成，是奥地利最大的图书馆。2025 年馆藏书籍达 7,839,311 册，其中总馆 2,949,481 册，另有电子期刊 169,716 种、电子图书 2,228,718 册；馆藏最古老的一册是 1392 年出自多罗修道院的《圣经》。

• Its international network includes five strategic partner universities, the University of Chicago, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Kyoto University, Peking University and Fudan University, about seventy global partner institutions outside the European Union and more than 370 partners under the Erasmus programme, among them Nankai University, Renmin University, Zhejiang University, the Chinese University of Hong Kong and the City University of Hong Kong.学校的国际网络包括五所战略伙伴大学——芝加哥大学、希伯来大学、京都大学、北京大学与复旦大学；欧盟以外还有约七十所全球伙伴院校，伊拉斯谟框架下的欧洲伙伴超过 370 所，其中中方院校包括南开大学、中国人民大学、浙江大学与香港中文大学。

• Since 2007 the university has received 159 grants from the European Research Council, which places it first among all research institutions in Austria, and it is a member of the Central European University Consortium, the Circle U network, the Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities and the network of universities in the capitals of Europe.自 2007 年以来，学校共获得 159 项欧洲研究理事会资助，在奥地利所有研究机构中位居第一；同时，学校是中欧大学联盟、环欧大学网络、欧洲研究型大学联盟以及欧洲各国首都大学网络的成员。

• Because the number of students multiplied every decade from 1970 onwards, the university suffered a progressive shortage of space, which explains both the conversion of the old general hospital into the Vienna University Campus and the succession of new buildings on Kolingasse and the Biology Building site, while the botanical garden on the Landstrasse in the third district can be traced back to a medicinal herb garden set up in 1754 and is now laid out as an English garden open to the public.自 1970 年起学生人数每十年翻一番，学校空间日益紧张，这既解释了把旧总医院改造成维也纳大学校园，也解释了科林巷与生物大楼的接连落成；而第三区兰德大街上的植物园可追溯到 1754 年设立的药用植物园，如今已改造成对公众开放的英式花园。

Campus

• The university has no single campus, but its symbolic and administrative centre is the main building on the Ringstrasse in the first district, which houses the Rectorate, most of the deaneries, the central service units, the Main Library, a number of departments with their specialist libraries and numerous lecture halls, while the rest of the university's facilities are spread over more than sixty locations in Vienna and in other federal states.维也纳大学没有单一校区，其象征与行政中心是第一区环城大道上的主楼，内设校务委员会、多数学院办公室、中央服务机构、总图书馆、若干院系及其专业图书馆与众多报告厅；学校其余设施则分散在维也纳市内及其他联邦州的六十多个地点。

• The main building was designed by Heinrich von Ferstel and erected between 1877 and 1884, its inner courtyard or Arkadenhof having been constructed over the same period, and it also contains the Festsaal, the Main Ceremonial Chamber, where the university's formal ceremonies and degree conferrals are held before an audience in one of the finest historic rooms of the city.主楼由海因里希·冯·费斯特尔设计，1877 至 1884 年间建造，其内院「拱廊庭院」也在同一时期落成；楼内还设有主礼堂，学校的重要仪式与学位授予仪式都在这座城市最优美的历史大厅之一举行。

• Immediately behind the main building stands the Neues Institutsgebäude, completed in 1962, and other important sites include the Max Perutz Labs Vienna, the University Centre Althanstrasse, the University Vienna Biology Building, and the faculties of economics and mathematics at Oskar Morgenstern Platz, so that a visitor cannot experience the university as a single walkable enclosure.主楼正后方是 1962 年落成的新学院大楼；其他重要场所还包括维也纳马克斯·佩鲁茨实验室、阿尔滕大街大学中心、维也纳大学生物大楼，以及奥斯卡·摩根斯特恩广场上的经济与数学两学院——来客很难把这所学校当成一个可以步行走完的整体校园。

• The Vienna University Campus, opened in 1998 after the city council donated the old general hospital to the university in 1988 and after ten years of conversion, contains a large number of departments and specialist libraries and now houses the Faculty of Humanities, which comprises fifteen departments, while the Juridicum, the law faculty building on Schottenbastei, was completed in 1984.维也纳大学校园于 1998 年开放，此前 1988 年市议会将旧总医院赠予学校、历时十年完成改造；园内设有大量院系与专业图书馆，如今是拥有十五个系的文学院所在地；法学院所在的法学院楼则于 1984 年在苏格兰堡垒街建成。

• Newer sites extend the university's footprint outwards, since a location on Kolingasse opened in 2020 to expand infrastructure, the University of Vienna Biology Building was opened in October 2021, and the university also runs the Vienna Observatory and a botanical garden on the Landstrasse whose layout as an English garden is open to the public free of charge.新址把学校版图继续向外铺展：2020 年科林巷新址开放以扩充基础设施，2021 年 10 月维也纳大学生物大楼启用；学校还运营维也纳天文台，以及兰德大街上的植物园，其英式园林部分向公众免费开放。

• The library network is itself a series of named sites, with the Main Library in the main building, the University Archives at Postgasse 9 in the first district managing the documents of university life, and 33 specialist libraries holding about 4.9 million books, journals, maps and other materials, and in 2025 the catalogue of the whole system registered 11,050,182 searches and 2,791,593 items borrowed.图书馆网络本身也是一组具名场所：总馆设在主楼，第一区邮政巷 9 号的大学档案馆管理校务文献，另有 33 个专业图书馆藏有约 490 万册图书、期刊、地图等资料；2025 年整个系统的目录检索量达 11,050,182 次，借出文献 2,791,593 册次。

• Because the university is a decentralised urban institution spread over more than sixty addresses, its libraries, institutes and faculties are reached by the city's tram, metro and suburban railway network, the main building standing on the Ringstrasse itself, the ring road that encircles the historic centre of Vienna roughly seven hundred metres from the Stephansdom.由于学校是一所分散在六十多个地址的城市型大学，人们需借助维也纳的有轨电车、地铁与市郊铁路网络前往各图书馆、研究所与学院；主楼本身就坐落在环城大道上——这条环城大道绕维也纳历史中心一周，距圣史蒂芬大教堂约七百米。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university places 140th with a score of 62.6, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it 95th, and the US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026 to 2027 places it 212nd, a spread that reflects the profile of a very large, comprehensive and historically ancient institution rather than a narrow research specialist.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校以 62.6 分列第 140 位，在泰晤士高等教育 2027 年世界大学排名中列第 95 位，在 US News 2026 至 2027 年最佳全球大学排名中列第 212 位。这一名次分布反映的是一所规模巨大、学科齐全、历史悠久的综合性机构的定位，而非某一窄领域的科研专长。

• Seventeen Nobel Prize laureates have been affiliated with the university, namely Robert Barany in 1914, Richard Adolf Zsigmondy in 1925, Julius Wagner-Jauregg in 1927, Hans Fischer and Karl Landsteiner in 1930, Erwin Schrodinger in 1933, Otto Loewi and Victor Franz Hess in 1936, Richard Kuhn in 1938, Max Perutz in 1962, Karl von Frisch and Konrad Lorenz in 1973, Friedrich Hayek in 1974, Elias Canetti in 1981, Elfriede Jelinek in 2004, Emmanuelle Charpentier in 2020 and Anton Zeilinger in 2022, and no Turing Award or Fields Medal laureate is recorded.共有 17 位诺贝尔奖得主与该校相关联，分别是 1914 年的罗伯特·巴拉尼、1925 年的理查德·阿道夫·茨格蒙迪、1927 年的朱利叶斯·瓦格纳-姚雷格、1930 年的汉斯·费歇尔与卡尔·兰德施泰纳、1933 年的埃尔温·薛定谔、1936 年的奥托·勒维与维克多·弗朗茨·赫斯、1938 年的理查德·库恩、1962 年的马克斯·佩鲁茨、1973 年的卡尔·冯·弗里希与康拉德·洛伦兹、1974 年的弗里德里希·哈耶克、1981 年的埃利亚斯·卡内蒂、2004 年的埃尔弗雷德·耶利内克、2020 年的埃曼努埃尔·夏尔庞捷与 2022 年的安东·蔡林格；该校没有图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主记录。

• Outside the Nobel prizes the university's highest academic distinction is the Wittgenstein Prize, Austria's most prestigious academic award, which fifteen of its academics have received, and since 2007 it has taken 159 European Research Council grants, ranking first among all Austrian research institutions.在诺贝尔奖之外，该校最高的学术荣誉是被视为奥地利最高学术奖项的维特根斯坦奖，已有 15 位本校学者获奖；自 2007 年以来，学校共获得 159 项欧洲研究理事会资助，在奥地利所有研究机构中排名第一。

• In the OpenAlex database the university is registered under the identifier I129774422 with 188,124 works and 12,566,740 citations, an output that for an institution of 85,243 students and 7,640 academic staff reflects a research-intensive profile sustained across the sciences, the social sciences and the humanities rather than concentrated in a few fields.在 OpenAlex 数据库中，该校机构标识为 I129774422，收录作品 188,124 篇、被引 12,566,740 次。对一所拥有 85,243 名学生和 7,640 名学术人员的大型机构而言，这一产出反映出一种横跨自然科学、社会科学与人文学科的研究型格局，而非集中在少数几个领域。

• Its international standing was built long before modern rankings, for the university is the oldest in the German-speaking world, the cradle of the Austrian school of economics and the place where the Vienna schools of medicine, national economics and art history were formed, and it remains one of the few ancient universities that still teaches, researches and awards degrees on the same site as its ninth-century predecessors.它的国际声望早在现代排名出现之前就已建立：这所大学是德语世界最古老的学府，是奥地利经济学派的摇篮，也是维也纳医学学派、国民经济学派与艺术史学派的形成地；它也是极少数至今仍在与其中世纪先驱相同的地点教书、研究并颁授学位的古老大学。

• The university reaches outside Europe through its strategic partnership with Peking University and Fudan University in China, Kyoto University in Japan and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and through about seventy partner institutions beyond the European Union, which together make it one of the most globally connected universities in its region.学校通过与中国的北京大学和复旦大学、日本的京都大学以及以色列的希伯来大学建立战略伙伴关系，并通过欧盟以外约七十所合作院校向欧洲之外延伸，使其成为本地区全球联系最紧密的大学之一。

• Scale and stability characterise its finances, with a budget of 848.1 million euros in the 2024 to 2025 academic year and a workforce of 10,887, so that the university combines the teaching load of a mass institution with the research record of a research university, and in October 2025 it recorded the first entry into the top 100 of a global university ranking in its long history.规模与稳健是其财务特征：2024 至 2025 学年预算为 8.481 亿欧元，教职员工 10,887 人，学校兼具大众型机构的教学负荷与研究型大学的科研记录；2025 年 10 月，学校在其漫长历史上首次进入某全球大学排名前一百位。

• Public recognition has come through cultural events as much as through rankings, since part of the programme of the Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concert was dedicated to the university's 650th anniversary in 2015, and the institution has been a focus of Austrian public life for so long that the Audimax protest of October 2009 became a national debate about tuition, access and the financing of higher education.除排名之外，学校的公共认可也来自文化事件：2015 年维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的部分节目就献给学校 650 周年校庆；而由于学校长期以来都是奥地利公共生活的重心之一，2009 年 10 月的奥迪马克斯占领抗议，也就成为全国范围内关于学费、入学机会与高等教育财政的辩论。

Student life

• The university has no official motto, and its Latin name Universitas Viennensis and the title Alma Mater Rudolphina serve as its identifying marks instead, while the 650th anniversary in 2015 was celebrated under the slogan that the university has been asking questions since 1365.维也纳大学没有正式校训，其拉丁语校名 Universitas Viennensis 与「鲁道夫育母」的称号充当着识别标志；2015 年的 650 周年校庆则以「自 1365 年起我们不断发问」为口号。

• Until the reform of 2002 power at the university was divided equally among three groups, students, junior faculty and full professors, each of which sent representatives to boards that voted on nearly every issue, and although large student participation had been introduced in 1975, the reforms of 1993 and 2002 largely restored full professors as the principal decision makers.在 2002 年改革之前，校内权力由学生、青年教师与正教授三方才平均分配，各方派出代表在几乎所有事项上表决；虽然 1975 年的组织法曾大幅提高学生参与度，但 1993 年与 2002 年的两轮改革仍大体让正教授重新成为主要决策者。

• Student representation is contested, and in the Austrian National Union of Students election of May 2025 three organisations took seats in the university's representation, with VSStÖ winning 37.01 per cent and twelve seats, GRAS taking 20.87 per cent and six seats, and KSV-LiLi obtaining 11.00 per cent and three seats.学生代表席位由选举产生。2025 年 5 月奥地利全国学生会选举中，三个组织在校内代表机构取得席位：VSStÖ 得票率 37.01%，拿下 12 席；GRAS 得票率 20.87%，取得 6 席；KSV-LiLi 得票率 11.00%，取得 3 席。

• The Audimax, the largest lecture hall in Austria with room for more than two thousand, opened in 1936 and became a symbol of student power when it was occupied on 22 October 2009, the protest targeting the Bologna Process, the reintroduction of tuition fees, restrictions on access to higher education and precarious working conditions in universities.奥迪马克斯是奥地利最大的报告厅，可容纳两千余人，1936 年落成；2009 年 10 月 22 日的占领让它成为学生力量的象征。这场抗议针对博洛尼亚进程的推行、学费恢复、高等教育准入受限以及高校教职劳动条件不稳定。

• Tuition fees now form part of student life in a way they did not for most of the university's history, since the 2002 reform introduced them, and in 2013 they came to about 381 euros per semester for students from Austria, the European Union and certain non-European countries, while students from developed non-European countries normally paid twice that amount.学费已成为学生生活的一部分，这在学校历史上大部分时期并不存在：2002 年改革引入了学费，2013 年每学期约为 381 欧元，适用于奥地利、欧盟及部分非欧盟国家学生，而来自发达非欧盟国家的学生通常要缴纳双倍金额。

• Traditions of collective celebration are documented well enough to name, for instance part of the programme of the Vienna Philharmonic New Year's Concert was given over to the university's 650th anniversary on 12 March 2015, and the Audimax occupation of 22 October 2009 has itself become a date students remember.集体庆典的传统也有据可查，例如 2015 年 3 月 12 日维也纳爱乐乐团新年音乐会的部分节目就专门献给学校 650 周年校庆；而 2009 年 10 月 22 日的奥迪马克斯占领事件本身，也已成为学生铭记的一个日子。

• Student politics has run through the university's whole modern history, from the riots of 1928 and 1932, which were driven by anti-democratic and anti-Semitic currents in parts of the student body, through the protests of 1938 against a Nazi attempt to bar Jewish students from the university, to the large-scale dismissals of teachers and students after the Anschluss on political and racial grounds.学生政治贯穿学校整个现代史：1928 年与 1932 年的骚乱，起因是学生群体中反民主与反犹的思潮；1938 年学生抗议纳粹当局阻止犹太学生入校；纳粹吞并奥地利之后，更大规模地以政治与「种族」为由开除师生。

Notable people

• Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria, founded the university on 12 March 1365 and gave it the name Alma Mater Rudolphina, while the emperor Charles IV, whose pressure had delayed papal approval of the foundation for two decades, created the rival Charles University in Prague that the Vienna foundation was designed to rival.奥地利大公鲁道夫四世于 1365 年 3 月 12 日创办了维也纳大学，并为之命名为「鲁道夫育母」；正是神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理四世施加的压力使教廷的批准推迟了近二十年，而他在布拉格创建的查理大学，也正是维也纳这所新校意在对标的对手。

• Gerard van Swieten directed the Court Library when the university's oldest collection of 2,787 volumes was transferred there in 1756, and he went on to build the modern Austrian medical service on the model of the Vienna school of medicine, while Leopold, Count von Thun und Hohenstein, the education minister, carried through the reforms that led to the 1849 and 1850 declaration of freedom of teaching and learning.1756 年学校最古老的馆藏 2,787 册并入宫廷图书馆时，赫拉德·范·斯维滕正主持该馆；他此后仿照维也纳医学学派建立起现代奥地利的医务体系。教育大臣利奥波德·冯·图恩-海恩斯坦伯爵则推动改革，最终促成 1849 至 1850 年关于教学与学习自由的宣告。

• Elise Richter was the first woman in the university to gain habilitation and became professor of Romance languages in 1907, the first female full professor, while Sebastian Schutze was elected Rector in October 2022 and took office in the same month with a new Rectorate, and Maria Theresa and Joseph II remain the two monarchs whose reforms shaped the modern university.埃莉泽·里希特是校内首位取得教授任职资格的女性，1907 年出任罗曼语文学教授，也是学校第一位正教授；塞巴斯蒂安·屈策于 2022 年 10 月当选校长并于同月就任，新一届校务委员会同期组成；而玛丽亚·特蕾莎与约瑟夫二世这两位君主，其改革塑造了现代维也纳大学的样貌。

• Among the Nobel laureates who taught at Vienna, Erwin Schrodinger built his wave mechanics in the city in the 1920s, Otto Loewi discovered the chemical transmission of nerve impulses, Karl von Frisch decoded the language of bees, Konrad Lorenz founded the modern science of animal behaviour and Friedrich Hayek returned to the university late in life after decades of exile in London.在维也纳任教的诺贝尔奖得主中，埃尔温·薛定谔于 20 世纪 20 年代在这座城市建构了波动力学，奥托·勒维发现了神经冲动的化学传递，卡尔·冯·弗里希破译了蜜蜂的语言，康拉德·洛伦兹开创了现代动物行为学，弗里德里希·哈耶克则在伦敦流亡数十年后重返母校任教。

• Two more laureates stand out for how recently they were associated with the school, Emmanuelle Charpentier, who shared the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system, and Anton Zeilinger, awarded the 2022 Nobel Prize in Physics for experiments establishing the violation of Bell inequalities, who in October 2022 was congratulated by the university itself.另有两位诺奖得主与该校的关联相当晚近：与他人分享 2020 年诺贝尔化学奖、表彰其关于 CRISPR-Cas9 基因编辑系统工作的埃曼努埃尔·夏尔庞捷，以及因验证贝尔不等式违背的实验而获 2022 年诺贝尔物理学奖的安东·蔡林格——2022 年 10 月，正是学校本身向他表示祝贺。

• Scholars who made this a capital of learning include Sigmund Freud, who founded psychoanalysis in Vienna, Ludwig Boltzmann, who gave his name to the constant used in thermodynamics, Karl Popper, who taught philosophy of science here before emigrating, Edmund Husserl, founder of phenomenology, Hans Kelsen, author of the Austrian constitution of 1920, and the physicist Walter Thirring.让维也纳成为学术之都的学者包括：在此创立精神分析的西格蒙德·弗洛伊德；其名成为热力学常数的路德维希·玻尔兹曼；在此教授科学哲学而后出走的卡尔·波普尔；现象学奠基人埃德蒙德·胡塞尔；1920 年奥地利宪法的起草者汉斯·凯尔森；以及物理学家沃尔特·蒂林。

• Among the university's alumni are the composer Gustav Mahler, who studied philosophy and composition in the 1870s, the dramatist Franz Grillparzer, who served as a dramaturg at the Burgtheater, the writer Arthur Schnitzler, the poet Karl Kraus, the novelist Adalbert Stifter and the physicist Lise Meitner, who began her scientific training in this city.该校校友中有 19 世纪 70 年代在此学习哲学与作曲的作曲家古斯塔夫·马勒、曾任维也纳城堡剧院舞台监督的剧作家弗朗茨·格里尔帕策、作家阿图尔·施尼茨勒、诗人卡尔·克劳斯、小说家阿达尔伯特·施蒂夫特，以及在这座城市开始科学训练的女物理学家莉泽·迈特纳。

• Logicians and scientists of the first rank also passed through its halls, among them Kurt Godel, who completed his doctorate in Vienna in 1929 and returned to the university later in his career, Paul Feyerabend, who was removed from his professorship in Vienna in 1975, and the economic theorist Friedrich von Wieser, one of the founders of the Austrian school of marginal utility.一批一流的逻辑学家与科学家也曾在此求取学位或任职：库尔特·哥德尔于 1929 年在维也纳取得博士学位，并在职业生涯后期回到母校；保罗·费耶阿本德 1975 年在维也纳被撤职；经济理论家弗里德里希·冯·维塞尔则是奥地利边际效用学派的创始人之一。

• Political alumni include Kurt Waldheim, the fourth Secretary-General of the United Nations and Austrian President from 1986 to 1992, Bruno Kreisky, Austrian Chancellor from 1970 to 1983, Karl Renner, Austrian President from 1945 to 1950, Alexander Van der Bellen, Austrian President from 2017, and Sebastian Kurz, who was Chancellor in 2017 to 2019 and again in 2020 to 2021.政界校友包括第四任联合国秘书长、1986 至 1992 年任奥地利总统的库尔特·瓦尔德海姆；1970 至 1983 年任奥地利总理的布鲁诺·克赖斯基；1945 至 1950 年任奥地利总统的卡尔·伦纳；2017 年起任奥地利总统的亚历山大·范德贝伦；以及 2017 至 2019 年、2020 至 2021 年两度出任总理的塞巴斯蒂安·库尔茨。

• Chinese and Chinese-descended alumni of the university include Pan Jianwei and Hu Shihua, members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tang Liang-li, a figure of the Kuomintang in Taiwan, Wang Xu, a former member of the academic division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the palaeontologist Zhang Xidi, the philosopher of the Vienna school Hong Qian, Wu Geng and Huang Yue-qin, both former justices of the Supreme Court of Taiwan, and Wang Yi-zhai, a delegate to the first National People's Congress.与华人相关的校友包括中国科学院院士潘建伟与胡世华、台湾国民党政治人物汤良礼、中国科学院学部委员王序、古生物学家张席禔、维也纳学派哲学家洪谦、中华民国第五与第六届大法官吴庚、中华民国第二届监察委员与第六届大法官黄越钦，以及第一届全国人民代表大会代表王毅斋。

• Two further names belong to the university's history of teaching excellence, Carl Auer von Welsbach, the chemist and industrialist who discovered the element praseodymium and built an institute in Vienna, and Olga Taussky-Todd, the Austrian mathematician who moved to the United States and became one of the founders of numerical linear algebra as a research field.另有两位人物属于学校教学与研究史上的亮点：化学家兼实业家卡尔·奥尔·冯·韦尔斯巴赫发现了镨元素，并在维也纳建立研究所；奥地利数学家奥尔加·陶斯基-托德移居美国后，成为把数值线性代数确立为独立研究领域的奠基人之一。