University of Twente

The University of Twente (Universiteit Twente, abbr. UT) is a public technical university in Enschede, in the eastern Dutch region of Twente near the German border.特文特大学（Universiteit Twente，缩写 UT）是一所公立理工大学，位于荷兰东部特文特地区的恩斯赫德，靠近德国边境。

Founded in 1961, it is the youngest of the Netherlands' research universities and places joint 223rd in the 2027 QS World University Rankings and joint 201st in the 2027 Times Higher Education rankings.学校创办于 1961 年，是荷兰各研究型大学中最年轻的一所，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 223，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名中并列第 201。

It is the only Dutch university with a single American-style campus, and its motto High Tech, Human Touch expresses the pairing of technology with social relevance.该校是荷兰唯一采用单一美式校园布局的大学，校训「High Tech，Human Touch」表达了技术与人文关怀相结合的理念。

History

• The university was founded in 1961 as the Technische Hogeschool Twente, the third polytechnic institute in the Netherlands after Delft and Eindhoven to be raised to university status.学校于 1961 年以“特文特高等科技学院”之名创办，是继代尔夫特与埃因霍温之后荷兰第三所升格为大学的高等技术学院。

• The choice of Enschede, the main city of Twente, was driven by the north-eastern province's manufacturing base in textiles, metals, electrical engineering and chemicals, and by the need to offset the decline of the textile industry.选址于特文特地区主城恩斯赫德，一方面因该东北部省份在纺织、金属、电气与化工领域拥有雄厚的制造业基础，另一方面是为弥补纺织业的衰落。

• For the institution founded in 1961 the municipality of Enschede made the Drienerlo estate available, and the university became the first in the Netherlands to be built around a single campus.为这所 1961 年创办的学校，恩斯赫德市政府提供了德里内尔洛庄园，学校也因此成为荷兰第一所以单一校园为核心建成的大学。

• The first buildings on the Drienerlo estate were designed by the architects Van Tijen and Van Embden, who laid out the campus along American lines with students and staff living, working and relaxing on site.德里内尔洛庄园上的首批建筑由建筑师范蒂延与范恩布登设计，二人按美式布局规划校园，使学生与教职员在校内居住、工作与休闲。

• The institution was renamed Universiteit Twente in 1986, following changes to the Dutch Academic Education Act in 1984.依 1984 年修订的《荷兰学术教育法》，学校于 1986 年更名为“特文特大学”。

• Gerrit Berkhoff, who died in 1996, became the university's first rector magnificus when the first rectorship began in 1963.1996 年去世的赫里特·贝尔克霍夫于 1963 年出任学校首任学术校长。

• The early rectors included Jo Vlugter from 1967 to 1971, Pieter Zandbergen from 1971 to 1974 and Jan Kreiken from 1974 to 1976.早期历任学术校长包括 1967 至 1971 年在任的约·弗吕赫特、1971 至 1974 年在任的皮特·赞德贝亨，以及 1974 至 1976 年在任的扬·克赖肯。

• Harry van den Kroonenberg led the university twice, from 1979 to 1982 and again from 1985 to 1988, with Wiebe Draijer serving between the two terms from 1982 to 1985.哈里·范登克罗嫩贝格两度领导学校，分别为 1979 至 1982 年与 1985 至 1988 年，其间 1982 至 1985 年由维贝·德赖耶尔执掌。

• Jos de Smit was rector from 1988 to 1992, Theo Popma from 1992 to 1997 and Frans van Vught from 1997 to 2004.约斯·德·斯米特于 1988 至 1992 年任学术校长，特奥·波普马于 1992 至 1997 年任此职，弗兰斯·范弗赫特则于 1997 至 2004 年在任。

• Henk Zijm led the university from 2005 to 2009, Ed Brinksma from 2009 to 2016 and Thom Palstra from 2016 to 2020.亨克·泽姆于 2005 至 2009 年领导学校，埃德·布林克斯马于 2009 至 2016 年继任，汤姆·帕尔斯特拉则于 2016 至 2020 年在任。

• Tom Veldkamp became rector magnificus in 2020, while Vinod Subramaniam is president of the executive board and Machteld Roos is vice-president.汤姆·维尔德坎普于 2020 年出任学术校长，维诺德·苏布拉马尼安任校理事会主席，马赫特尔德·罗斯任副主席。

• In 1991 the university conferred an honorary doctorate on the chemist Jean-Marie Lehn, who had shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1987.1991 年学校向化学家让-马里·莱恩授予荣誉博士学位，后者曾于 1987 年分享诺贝尔化学奖。

• Honorary doctorates awarded in 2001 went to the internet pioneer Vinton Cerf and the chemist George Whitesides, followed in 2002 by the sociologist Anthony Giddens.2001 年的荣誉博士学位授予互联网先驱文顿·瑟夫与化学家乔治·怀特塞兹，2002 年又授予社会学家安东尼·吉登斯。

• In 2006 the university honoured the chemist Fraser Stoddart with an honorary doctorate, and he went on to share the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2016 and died in December 2024.2006 年学校向化学家弗雷泽·斯托达特授予荣誉博士学位，他后来于 2016 年分享诺贝尔化学奖，并于 2024 年 12 月去世。

• Honorary doctorates awarded in 2016 went to the biomechatronics expert Hugh Herr, the European Commissioner Neelie Kroes, the microscopy pioneer Christoph Gerber and the statistician Edward Tufte.2016 年的荣誉博士学位授予生物机电专家休·赫尔、欧盟委员内莉·克勒斯、显微学先驱克里斯托夫·格尔伯以及统计学家爱德华·塔夫特。

• In 2021 the university conferred honorary doctorates on the climate scientist Debra Roberts, the cybersecurity expert Jaya Baloo, the physicist Wim van Saarloos and Prince Constantijn.2021 年学校向气候学家黛布拉·罗伯茨、网络安全专家贾娅·巴卢、物理学家维姆·范萨洛以及康斯坦丁亲王授予荣誉博士学位。

• Following the Bologna reforms of 1999 the university reorganised its teaching into bachelor's and master's degrees, replacing the longer Dutch engineer's programmes.依照 1999 年博洛尼亚改革，学校将教学改为学士与硕士两段制，取代了原先较长的荷兰工程师课程。

• In 2007 Delft, Eindhoven and Twente formed the 3TU alliance, which became the 4TU federation in 2016 when Wageningen University and Research joined as a fourth member.2007 年，代尔夫特、埃因霍温与特文特三校结成 3TU 联合会；2016 年瓦赫宁根大学与研究院作为第四个成员加入后，该联盟扩展为 4TU 联合会。

• Since 2019 the honours bachelor's programme ATLAS of University College Twente has been administered within the Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, known as ITC.自 2019 年起，特文特大学学院的荣誉学士项目 ATLAS 已归入地理信息科学与对地观测学院（简称 ITC）管理。

• Over the decades since 1961 the university has produced more than 1,300 spin-offs and start-ups, more than any other Dutch university, and it co-founded Novel-T, formerly Stichting Kennispark Twente, to support them.自 1961 年以来的数十年间，学校已催生 1300 多家衍生企业与初创公司，数量超过荷兰任何其他大学，并与他人共同创办 Novel-T（原肯尼斯帕克·特文特基金会）予以扶持。

• The Student Union, run entirely by students, manages premises such as the social centre De Pakkerij and the study centre Wallstreet in Enschede, and a watersports complex on the Twentekanaal.完全由学生运营的学生会管理着多处场所，包括恩斯赫德的社交中心 De Pakkerij、学习中心 Wallstreet，以及特文特运河上的水上运动设施。

• Research strengths in nanotechnology, integrated circuit design and chemical engineering date from the university's early years and remain central to its identity.纳米技术、集成电路设计与化学工程等科研强项自建校早期便已形成，至今仍是学校身份的核心。

Academics

• There are five faculties at the University of Twente: Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, Engineering Technology, Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Science and Technology, and Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation.特文特大学下设五个学院，即行为、管理与社会科学学院，工程技术学院，电气工程、数学与计算机科学学院，科学与技术学院，以及地理信息科学与对地观测学院。

• The university's degree programmes range from business administration and psychology to applied physics, engineering, technical medicine and biomedical technology, taught across its five faculties.学校的学位课程涵盖从工商管理与心理学到应用物理、工程、技术医学与生物医学技术等领域，分布于五个学院之中。

• With 11,678 students enrolled in 2024, including 3,227 first-year bachelor's and master's entrants, 36 per cent of the student body comes from outside the Netherlands.2024 年学校在校生为 11678 人，其中本科与硕士新生 3227 人，国际学生占学生总数的 36%。

• The university employed 4,020 staff in 2024 and awarded 1,717 bachelor's diplomas in 2023 to 2024, while its annual budget stands at about 365 million euros.学校 2024 年有教职员工 4020 人，2023 至 2024 学年授予学士学位 1717 个，年度预算约 3.65 亿欧元。

• Research is concentrated in three flagship institutes, the MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, the TechMed Centre for biomedical technology and the Digital Society Institute.科研集中于三大旗舰机构，即 MESA+ 纳米技术研究所、面向生物医学技术的 TechMed 中心以及数字社会研究所。

• Knowledge and research centres include the Center for Higher Education Policy Studies, the Center for clean technology and environmental policy, the Nikos institute for knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship and the Twente Water Centre.知识与研究中心包括高等教育政策研究中心、清洁技术与环境政策研究中心、面向知识密集型创业的尼科斯研究所以及特文特水研究中心。

• The university also hosts the Max Planck Center for Fluid Dynamics and takes part in 4TU centres of excellence for ethics and technology and for resilience engineering.学校还设有马克斯·普朗克流体动力学中心，并参与 4TU 关于技术伦理与韧性工程的两个卓越中心。

• More than 1,000 spin-off companies have been created on the strength of its research, supported by the Novel-T incubator on the adjacent Kennispark innovation campus.依托其研究成果，学校已催生一千多家衍生公司，并由毗邻肯尼斯帕克创新园区的 Novel-T 孵化器提供支持。

• University College Twente offers the honours bachelor's programme ATLAS in Technology and Liberal Arts and Sciences, while the Twente Graduate School provides PhD and PDEng training.特文特大学学院开设荣誉学士项目 ATLAS，全称“技术与自由艺术及科学”；特文特研究生院则负责博士与工程博士 PDEng 培养。

• Doctoral candidates at Twente are employed as salaried researchers rather than enrolled as students, a continental European model the university applies together with the two-year PDEng degree.在该校，博士生以领薪研究人员身份受雇而非注册为学生，这是欧洲大陆的惯例，学校也据此设置两年制工程博士 PDEng 学位。

• Teaching is largely in English, with a few bachelor's programmes such as Applied Physics and Technical Medicine taught substantially in Dutch.学校教学以英语为主，仅应用物理、技术医学等少数本科项目以荷兰语授课为主。

• Signature strengths lie in nanotechnology, integrated circuit design and chemical engineering, fields in which the university has ranked among the world's leading research centres.学校的标志性强项在于纳米技术、集成电路设计与化学工程，并在这些领域跻身世界领先的研究中心之列。

• The ITC faculty specialises in geo-information science and earth observation, and its remote-sensing work placed it among the world's top ten universities in the 2021 Shanghai subject ranking.ITC 学院专攻地理信息科学与对地观测，其遥感研究使学校在 2021 年上海学科排名中跻身世界前十。

• The university is the best technical university in the Netherlands according to Keuzegids Universiteiten, the country's principal national university ranking.依据荷兰主要的全国大学排名《Keuzegids Universiteiten》，该校是荷兰最优秀的理工大学。

• Day-to-day management rests with a three-member executive board comprising the president, the rector magnificus and a vice-president, supported by the deans of the five faculties.学校日常管理由三人组成的校理事会负责，包括校长、学术校长与一名副主席，并由五个学院的院长协助。

• Each faculty is organised into departments, and the largest, Behavioural, Management and Social Sciences, covers communication studies, psychology, public administration, educational science and European studies.各学院下设若干系，其中规模最大的行为、管理与社会科学学院涵盖传播学、心理学、公共行政、教育科学以及欧洲研究。

• The TechMed Centre links engineering to medicine and supports research and teaching in biomedical engineering, health sciences and technical medicine.TechMed 中心把工程与医学相连接，支撑生物医学工程、健康科学与技术医学方面的科研与教学。

• Applied-science research at the university addresses health, energy, climate and safety, and it contributes to European efforts on next-generation microchips.学校的应用科学研究面向健康、能源、气候与安全等领域，并参与欧洲下一代微芯片的相关攻关。

Campus

• The campus occupies the former Drienerlo estate between Hengelo and Enschede, a 140-hectare site of woodland, meadows and water.校园占据了亨厄洛与恩斯赫德之间的原德里内尔洛庄园，占地 140 公顷，园内林地、草甸与水系兼备。

• Designed by the architects Van Tijen and Van Embden, it is the only campus university in the Netherlands, with students and staff living, working and relaxing on site along American lines.校园由建筑师范蒂延与范恩布登设计，是荷兰唯一的校园式大学，学生与教职员按美式布局在校内居住、工作与休闲。

• The Student Union manages the student social centre De Pakkerij, the study centre Wallstreet and a watersports complex on the Twentekanaal, all run by students.学生会管理着学生社交中心 De Pakkerij、学习中心 Wallstreet 以及特文特运河上的水上运动设施，均由学生自主运营。

• Opposite the campus stands De Grolsch Veste, the stadium of the football club FC Twente, which opened in 1998, seats up to 30,205 spectators and uses geothermal heating.校园对面是足球俱乐部特温特的主场德赫罗尔施城堡球场，1998 年启用，最多可容纳 30205 名观众，并采用地热供暖。

• Sporting provision includes six full-size football pitches, and the campus also holds a supermarket, a job agency, a hairdresser, a bank and numerous restaurants and bars.校园体育设施包括六个标准足球场，此外还设有一家超市、一家职业介绍所、一家理发店、一家银行以及众多餐馆与酒吧。

• The university provides student housing on site, and most international students live on the campus, which retains its own residential and social character.学校在校内提供学生宿舍，多数国际学生居住于校园之中，校园因此保有其自成一体的居住与社交属性。

• Among campus landmarks is the sculpture Het Ding, meaning the thing, created by Jasper Latté and Jaap Hos.校内地标之一是雕塑“Het Ding”（意为“那东西”），由亚斯珀·拉泰与亚普·霍斯创作。

• The adjacent Kennispark innovation campus, developed with the city and the province, hosts spin-offs and start-ups generated by the university's research.与学校毗邻的肯尼斯帕克创新园区由学校与市政府、省政府共同开发，汇聚了学校科研成果催生的衍生企业与初创公司。

• The Drienerlo estate's water and green space give the campus a park-like setting that is unusual among Dutch research universities.德里内尔洛庄园的水系与绿地让校园呈现公园式风貌，这在荷兰各研究型大学中颇为少见。

• Student residences were built into the estate from the outset, giving the campus the character of a residential community in which study, sport and social life share the same grounds.学生宿舍自建校之初便建在庄园之内，使校园具有居住社区的气质，学习、运动与社交生活在同一片园区内交织。

Reputation

• The University of Twente places joint 223rd in the 2027 QS World University Rankings and joint 203rd in the 2026 edition of the same table.特文特大学在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 223，在 2026 年版同一榜单中并列第 203。

• In the Times Higher Education rankings the university is placed joint 201st in 2027 and joint 180th in the 2025 edition.在泰晤士高等教育排名中，学校于 2027 年并列第 201，2025 年版则并列第 180。

• The university is placed 417th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking, ranking twelfth among Dutch universities.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，学校位列第 417，居荷兰高校第十二位。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities does not include the University of Twente, though it was placed in the 401-500 band of the 2024 edition.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名未收录特文特大学，不过在 2024 年版中该校曾位列 401 至 500 区间。

• According to OpenAlex, the university has produced 87,427 research works that have attracted 6,092,475 citations, a substantial research output for its size.据 OpenAlex 统计，学校已产出 87427 项研究成果，累计被引用 6092475 次，产出规模相对于其体量颇为可观。

• The university was ranked eleventh in the world in the Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure category of the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings in 2021, with psychology and social sciences placed in the 101-125 band.在 2021 年泰晤士高等教育影响力排名的产业、创新与基础设施类别中，学校位列世界第 11；心理学与社会科学则位列 101 至 125 区间。

• Multiple central ranking tables place the university within the world's top 170, and Keuzegids Universiteiten names it the best technical university in the Netherlands.多份主要排名榜单均把该校列入世界前 170，《Keuzegids Universiteiten》则将其评为荷兰最佳理工大学。

• The university counts three laureate-level honorary doctors, the Nobel laureates Fraser Stoddart, honoured in 2006, and Jean-Marie Lehn, honoured in 1991, and the Turing Award winner Vinton Cerf, honoured in 2001.学校有三位诺奖级荣誉博士，分别是 2006 年获荣誉学位的诺贝尔奖得主弗雷泽·斯托达特、1991 年获荣誉学位的诺贝尔奖得主让-马里·莱恩，以及 2001 年获荣誉学位的图灵奖得主文顿·瑟夫。

• Its remote-sensing and geo-information research was placed among the world's top ten universities in the 2021 Shanghai subject ranking, while the CWTS and CWUR tables placed it 489th in 2023 and 425th in 2023 respectively.其遥感与地理信息研究在 2021 年上海学科排名中跻身世界前十；CWTS 与 CWUR 榜单则分别于 2023 年将其列为第 489 位与第 425 位。

Student life

• The university's motto is High Tech, Human Touch, a phrase the institution uses to describe technology developed with human needs at its centre.学校校训为「High Tech，Human Touch」，校方以之描述以人为本、面向人的需求的技术。

• Honorary doctorates are conferred at the university's Dies Natalis celebration, an annual event marking its establishment in 1961.荣誉博士学位在学校的“建校日”庆典上颁授，这一年度活动纪念学校 1961 年建校。

• People from more than 100 countries study and work at the university, and international students make up 36 per cent of the student body.来自 100 多个国家的人在学校学习与工作，国际学生占学生总数的 36%。

• Campus life is built around residence on site, with students living, studying and socialising in the same green estate, a pattern the university regards as distinctive in the Netherlands.校园生活围绕校内住宿展开，学生在同一片绿意盎然的园区中居住、学习与社交，校方视之为荷兰独树一帜的模式。

• The Student Union, run entirely by students, oversees the social centre De Pakkerij, the study centre Wallstreet and the watersports complex on the Twentekanaal.完全由学生运营的学生会管理着社交中心 De Pakkerij、学习中心 Wallstreet 以及特文特运河上的水上运动设施。

• Students join study associations for each faculty, sports clubs and cultural organisations, and the Kick-In introduction takes place at the start of the academic year.学生可加入各学院的学习协会、体育俱乐部与文化组织，学年伊始则举行名为 Kick-In 的迎新活动。

• De Grolsch Veste, the stadium of FC Twente, stands opposite the campus and gives student life a strong link with the city's football culture.特温特俱乐部的主场德赫罗尔施城堡球场位于校园对面，使学生生活与这座城市的足球文化紧密相连。

• The university's campus network offers gigabit speeds, a facility its students compare with networks at Stanford University.校园网络提供千兆级网速，学生常将其与斯坦福大学的校园网络相提并论。

• The alumni body spans the world, reflecting both the university's position near the German border and its English-taught programmes, and many graduates remain involved in the campus start-up scene.校友群体遍布全球，既反映学校靠近德国边境的地理位置，也反映其英语授课的项目设置，不少毕业生仍活跃于校园的创业圈。

Notable people

• Jaap Haartsen, an alumnus, invented the Bluetooth short-range wireless technology while working at Ericsson.校友亚普·哈尔岑在爱立信工作期间发明了短距离无线技术蓝牙。

• Albert van den Berg, a professor of physics at the university, received the Spinoza Prize, the Netherlands' highest science award, in 2009.该校物理学教授阿尔贝特·范登贝赫于 2009 年获荷兰最高科学奖斯宾诺莎奖。

• Piet Bergveld, professor at Twente, invented the ion-sensitive field-effect transistor, or ISFET, a sensor widely used in biomedical measurement.该校教授皮特·贝赫费尔德发明了离子敏场效应晶体管 ISFET，这种传感器广泛用于生物医学测量。

• Bas Lansdorp, an alumnus, co-founded the Mars One project and served as its chief executive.校友巴斯·兰斯多普与他人共同创办了“火星一号”项目并担任首席执行官。

• Jitse Groen, an alumnus, founded the food-delivery company Takeaway.com, one of several businesses that began on the campus.校友伊策·赫伦创办了外卖公司 Takeaway.com，是若干发端于该校校园的企业之一。

• Marleen Veldhuis, an alumna, is a swimmer who has won Olympic, world and European championships.校友玛琳·费尔德赫斯是一名游泳运动员，曾获得奥运会、世锦赛与欧锦赛冠军。

• Dirk-Willem van Gulik, an alumnus, was a founder of the Apache Software Foundation, the organisation behind the Apache web server.校友迪尔克-威廉·范居利克是阿帕奇软件基金会的创始人之一，该基金会是阿帕奇网络服务器背后的组织。

• Ank Bijleveld, an alumna, served as the Netherlands' Minister of Defence, and Han Polman, also an alumnus, was King's Commissioner of Zeeland.校友安克·拜勒费尔德曾任荷兰国防大臣；同为校友的汉·波尔曼曾任泽兰省国王专员。

• Cees Links, an alumnus, is a pioneer of Wi-Fi technology, and Mary Goretti Kitutu, an alumna, served as Uganda's Minister of Energy and Mineral Development.校友塞斯·林克斯是 Wi-Fi 技术的先驱；校友玛丽·戈雷蒂·基图图曾任乌干达能源与矿产开发部长。