University of Toledo

The University of Toledo (UToledo or UT) is a public research university in Toledo, Ohio, founded in 1872 and organised today into 12 colleges that offer more than 250 academic programmes.托莱多大学（University of Toledo，简称 UToledo 或 UT）是俄亥俄州托莱多的一所公立研究型大学，1872 年创办，如今设 12 个学院，开设 250 多个学术项目。

It enrols more than 13,000 students on a main campus in the Old Orchard neighbourhood and a Health Science Campus in West Toledo, and its athletic teams, the Rockets, compete in the Mid-American Conference.学校在旧奥查德社区的主校区与托莱多西部的健康科学校区培养 13,000 多名学生，其运动队「火箭」参加美国中部联盟的比赛。

UToledo is classified as an R1 doctoral university with very high research activity, is known for engineering, pharmacy, medicine, law and the arts, and counts more than 100,000 living alumni.该校被列为 R1 级极高科研活动博士大学，以工程、药学、医学、法律与艺术见长，在世校友超过 100,000 人。

History

• The university began as the Toledo University of Arts and Trades, incorporated on 12 October 1872 as a private school for painting, architectural drawing and the industrial arts.学校最初是托莱多工艺美术大学，于 1872 年 10 月 12 日注册为一所私立学校，教授绘画、建筑制图与工艺美术，学校最初只开设职业性课程，尚未具备完整大学地位。
• Jesup Wakeman Scott, a local newspaper editor, published a pamphlet in 1868 titled Toledo: Future Great City of the World and donated 160 acres of land as an endowment for the new university.当地报纸编辑杰瑟普·韦克曼·斯科特于 1868 年出版小册子《托莱多：未来的世界大都市》，并捐出 160 英亩土地作为新大学的基金。
• Scott died in 1874, a year before teaching began in an old church building downtown, and the school closed in 1878 after running into financial trouble.斯科特于 1874 年去世，次年学校在市中心一座旧教堂里开课，1878 年因财务困难而关闭。
• On 8 January 1884 the assets passed to the city of Toledo, which reopened the school as the Toledo Manual Training School with a three-year programme for students aged 13 and over.1884 年 1 月 8 日，学校资产移交给托莱多市政府，市政府以托莱多手工培训学校的名义复校，为 13 岁以上学生提供三年制课程。
• Jerome Raymond, the first president, expanded the curriculum in the early 1900s by affiliating with the Toledo Conservatory of Music, the YMCA College of Law and the Toledo Medical College, and he created the College of Arts and Sciences.首任校长杰罗姆·雷蒙德在 1900 年代初通过并入托莱多音乐学院、基督教青年会法学院与托莱多医学院来扩展课程，并创办了文理学院。
• On 30 January 1914 the institution became Toledo University, and under President A. Monroe Stowe enrolment grew from about 200 students to roughly 1,500.1914 年 1 月 30 日，学校改称托莱多大学，在校长 A·门罗·斯托的领导下，入学人数从约 200 人增至约 1,500 人，学校仍与市政府关系密切，经费主要来自市政拨款。
• Stowe founded the College of Commerce and Industry in 1914 and the College of Education in 1916, giving the university professional schools alongside its arts and science courses.斯托于 1914 年创办工商学院、1916 年创办教育学院，使大学在文理课程之外有了专业学院。
• The first intercollegiate athletics appeared in 1915, football was added in 1917, and a student council and the student newspaper, the Universi-Teaser, followed in 1919.校际体育竞赛于 1915 年出现，1917 年增设橄榄球，1919 年又成立了学生会与校报《大学逗趣报》。
• The nickname Rockets dates from 1923, when a newspaper writer decided that it captured the fast, explosive style of the university's teams.「火箭」这一绰号始于 1923 年，当时一位报纸记者认为它最能概括该校运动队快速而爆发力强的风格。
• In 1922 the university moved into an automobile mechanics training facility built for World War I troops on the original Scott land, because its two downtown buildings had become too small.1922 年，学校迁入斯科特原赠地上为第一次世界大战部队修建的汽车机械训练设施，因为市中心的两座校舍已经过于狭小。
• Enrolment rose by 32 per cent and created a classroom shortage, so President Henry Doermann planned a new campus after a city bond levy passed by 10,000 votes in 1928.入学人数增长 32%，造成教室短缺，校长亨利·德尔曼在 1928 年一项以 10,000 票优势通过的城市债券措施后着手规划新校区。
• University Hall and the Field House were completed less than a year later in Collegiate Gothic style, with design elements borrowed from European universities to inspire students.不到一年后，大学楼与体育馆以学院哥特式风格落成，设计元素借鉴欧洲大学，意在激励学生。
• During the Great Depression President Philip Nash cut costs sharply and used New Deal funds from the Roosevelt administration to pay for construction and scholarships.大萧条期间，校长菲利普·纳什大幅削减开支，并利用罗斯福政府的新政资金支付建设与奖学金费用。
• World War II brought military contracts for engineering, science and management war training, a detachment of the 27th Army Air Crew, and Cadet Nurse Corps training for army hospitals.第二次世界大战带来工程、科学与管理战时培训合同，第 27 陆军航空乘员分队进驻，陆军医院护士学员队也在校受训。
• After the war more than 3,000 veterans used the GI Bill at Toledo, and surplus military housing known as Nashville served married students until 1974.战后有 3,000 多名退伍军人通过《退伍军人权利法案》在该校就读，名为「纳什维尔」的剩余军用住房一直供已婚学生使用到 1974 年。
• President Wilbur White proposed a ten-year development plan in 1947 but died in 1950, and his successor Asa Knowles completed a men's dormitory in 1952 and a new library in 1953.校长威尔伯·怀特于 1947 年提出十年发展计划，但于 1950 年去世，继任者阿萨·诺尔斯在 1952 年建成男生宿舍、1953 年建成新图书馆。
• After years of lobbying by Toledo, Akron and Cincinnati, Ohio made the university a state institution on 1 July 1967, ending more than 80 years of municipal control, and state support brought a student subsidy and capital funds for new buildings.经过托莱多、阿克伦与辛辛那提多年的游说，俄亥俄州于 1967 年 7 月 1 日把这所大学改为州立大学，结束了 80 多年的市立历史，州级支持还带来学生补贴与新建校舍的资本资金。
• The university marked its centennial in 1972, and President Glen Driscoll added the Center for Performing Arts and Centennial Hall in 1976, the Center for Continuing Education in 1978 and Stranahan Hall in 1984.学校于 1972 年庆祝建校百年，校长格伦·德里斯科尔先后于 1976 年建成表演艺术中心与百年大厅、1978 年建成继续教育中心、1984 年建成斯特拉纳汉楼。
• Under President Frank Horton the university joined the OhioLINK library network in 1994, opened the Center for the Visual Arts in 1992 and added pharmacy, chemistry and life-science buildings in 1995.在校长弗兰克·霍顿任内，学校于 1994 年加入俄亥俄学术图书馆网络，1992 年启用视觉艺术中心，1995 年又建成药学、化学与生命科学大楼。
• On 31 March 2006 Governor Bob Taft signed House Bill 478, and the merger of the University of Toledo with the Medical University of Ohio took effect on 1 July 2006 under the Toledo name.2006 年 3 月 31 日，州长鲍勃·塔夫特签署第 478 号众议院法案，托莱多大学与俄亥俄医科大学的合并于 2006 年 7 月 1 日生效，保留托莱多大学的校名。
• The merger created a Health Science Campus, made Toledo the third largest public university in Ohio by operating budget and left it one of 17 public universities with colleges of business, education, engineering, law, medicine and pharmacy.合并产生了健康科学校区，使托莱多大学成为俄亥俄州运营预算第三大的公立大学，并成为全美 17 所同时拥有商、教育、工程、法律、医学与药学院的公立大学之一。

Academics

• The university offers more than 250 undergraduate, graduate and professional programmes across 12 colleges, with a student-to-faculty ratio of about 20 to 1 and a median class size of 25. Business programmes are accredited by AACSB International and engineering programmes by ABET.学校在 12 个学院开设 250 多个本科、研究生与专业项目，师生比约为 20 比 1，班级规模中位数为 25 人，商科项目获得国际商学院协会认证，工程类项目获得美国工程与技术认证委员会认证。
• Its colleges include Arts and Letters, the John B. and Lilian E. Neff College of Business and Innovation, the Judith Herb College of Education, Engineering and Health and Human Services.其学院包括文学院、约翰·B·与莉莲·E·内夫商业与创新学院、朱迪思·赫伯教育学院、工程学院以及健康与人类服务学院。
• The remaining colleges are Graduate Studies, Law, Medicine and Life Sciences, Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Nursing, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, and University College.其余学院为研究生院、法学院、医学与生命科学学院、自然科学与数学学院、护理学院、药学与药物科学学院以及大学学院。
• The College of Medicine and Life Sciences teaches on the Health Science Campus and works with the University of Toledo Medical Center, the university's academic hospital.医学与生命科学学院在健康科学校区授课，并与该校的学术医院托莱多大学医学中心合作。
• The College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences is one of only 45 American pharmacy schools located in an academic health science centre, and it runs a doctor of pharmacy programme with clinical rotations.药学与药物科学学院是全美仅有的 45 所设于学术健康科学中心的药学院之一，其药学博士项目包含临床轮转。
• The College of Law offers the juris doctor and joint degrees and is one of the public law schools serving northwest Ohio, with clinics in advocacy, business and public service.法学院提供法律博士与联合学位，是服务俄亥俄西北部的公立法学院之一，设有辩护、商业与公共服务诊所。
• The College of Engineering houses the UT Polymer Institute, which researches polymers, plastics and coatings and works with the region's glass, automotive and manufacturing industries.工程学院下设托莱多大学聚合物研究所，研究聚合物、塑料与涂层，并与本地区的玻璃、汽车与制造业合作。
• The Wright Center for Photovoltaics Innovation and Commercialization was created in January 2007 with 18.6 million dollars from the Ohio Department of Development and 30 million dollars from federal and industrial partners.光伏创新与商业化赖特中心于 2007 年 1 月成立，获得俄亥俄州发展部 1,860 万美元以及联邦与产业伙伴 3,000 万美元的支持。
• The Wright Center operates at Toledo, Ohio State and Bowling Green State and works on second and third generation solar materials, large-area devices and lower production costs.该中心在托莱多大学、俄亥俄州立大学与鲍林格林州立大学三地运行，研究第二代与第三代太阳能材料、大面积器件与降低生产成本。
• The Lake Erie Center at Maumee Bay State Park supports interdisciplinary research on the environmental problems of the Great Lakes, including harmful algal blooms and coastal habitat.位于莫米湾州立公园的伊利湖中心开展大湖环境问题的跨学科研究，包括有害藻华与海岸栖息地。
• In 2012 the university became a partner in the Lowell Discovery Telescope, giving faculty and students access to a 4.3-metre optical telescope in Arizona.2012 年，学校成为洛厄尔发现望远镜的合作伙伴，为师生提供使用亚利桑那州 4.3 米光学望远镜的机会。
• The Honors College, undergraduate research, study abroad and service learning allow students to add research projects, international experience and community work to their degrees.荣誉学院、本科生科研、海外学习与服务学习让学生能在学位之外增加研究项目、国际经历与社区工作。
• National honor societies including Phi Kappa Phi and Tau Beta Pi have chapters at Toledo, and the university libraries hold the main Carlson Library and the Mulford Health Science Library.包括 Phi Kappa Phi 与 Tau Beta Pi 在内的全国荣誉学会在该校设有分会，大学图书馆系统包括主馆卡尔森图书馆与马尔福德健康科学图书馆。
• Research spans solar energy, polymers, glass and materials, biomedical science, environmental science, pharmacy and transportation, with sponsored programmes across the colleges.研究覆盖太阳能、聚合物、玻璃与材料、生物医学、环境科学、药学与交通运输，各学院均有受资助项目。
• The university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission, and its professional programmes carry separate accreditation from the relevant national bodies.学校获得高等教育委员会的认证，其专业项目还分别获得相关全国性机构的专业认证。
• UToledo offers online and evening programmes for working adults, and University College advises students who have not yet chosen a major.学校为在职成年人提供在线与晚间课程，大学学院则为尚未选定专业的学生提供学业指导。
• Its health-science and engineering faculties collaborate with area hospitals and manufacturers on clinical trials, materials testing and workforce training.该校健康科学与工程学科的教师与本地区医院及制造商在临床试验、材料测试与劳动力培训方面合作。

Campus

• The main campus occupies the Old Orchard neighbourhood a few miles from downtown Toledo, and more than 100 major buildings have been added since the university moved there in 1931.主校区位于托莱多市中心数英里外的旧奥查德社区，自 1931 年迁入以来已建成 100 多座主要建筑，周边以住宅区为主，商业设施集中在塞科尔路一带。
• University Hall and the Field House form the Collegiate Gothic core, and Centennial Mall is a nine-acre landscaped green space at the centre of campus, built in 1985 on the site of parking lots and ageing army barracks.大学楼与体育馆构成学院哥特式核心，百年广场则是校园中心一片九英亩的景观绿地，1985 年在停车场与老旧军营的原址上建成。
• The Glass Bowl stadium opened in 1937 and was renovated in 1990, hosting football and major events, while Savage Arena, renamed in 2008, stages basketball, concerts and commencement.玻璃碗体育场于 1937 年启用，1990 年翻修，可容纳约 26,000 名观众入场，其名称向托莱多的玻璃工业致意，这座球场也是托莱多市民熟悉的重要城市地标之一，承办橄榄球赛与大型活动；2008 年更名的萨维奇体育馆则用于篮球赛、音乐会与毕业典礼。
• The Health Science Campus in West Toledo includes the University of Toledo Medical Center, research laboratories and the colleges of medicine, nursing and pharmacy, about ten minutes by car from the main campus.托莱多西部的健康科学校区包括托莱多大学医学中心、研究实验室以及医学、护理与药学院，距主校区约十分钟车程。
• The Center for the Visual Arts sits downtown at the Toledo Museum of Art, linking studio teaching to one of the region's major art collections.视觉艺术中心位于市中心托莱多艺术博物馆内，把工作室教学与本地区重要的艺术收藏联系起来。
• The Lake Erie Center at Maumee Bay State Park gives students and researchers direct access to Lake Erie wetlands, beaches and coastal ecosystems.莫米湾州立公园的伊利湖中心让师生直接接触伊利湖湿地、海滩与海岸生态系统。
• The Ottawa River runs through the neighbourhood around campus, and the university's grounds include recreation fields, a student recreation centre and the Greek Village housing complex.渥太华河穿过校园周边社区，校内还有运动场、学生康乐中心与希腊村住宿区。
• The Ritter Planetarium and the Center for Performing Arts give the campus public venues for astronomy, music, theatre and dance.里特天文馆与表演艺术中心为校园提供天文、音乐、戏剧与舞蹈的公共场所。
• Toledo's location on Lake Erie and the Ohio Turnpike places the campus within driving distance of Detroit, Cleveland, Chicago and the Lake Erie islands.托莱多位于伊利湖与俄亥俄收费公路沿线，校园距底特律、克利夫兰、芝加哥与伊利湖群岛均可驱车抵达。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Toledo is placed in the 1201-1400 band, a tied range shared with several other universities.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，托莱多大学位列 1201-1400 区间，这是与多所高校共享的并列区间。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place Toledo in the 701-800 band, its strongest position among the four major global tables.《泰晤士高等教育》2027 年世界大学排名把托莱多列入 701-800 区间，这是它在四大全球榜单中的最好位置。
• U.S. News and World Report ranks it 1,147th in its 2026-2027 global universities list, reflecting research output, reputation and international collaboration.《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 年度全球大学榜单把该校排在第 1,147 位，反映其科研产出、声誉与国际合作。
• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities places Toledo in the 501-600 band, its highest showing in the Shanghai ranking.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名把托莱多列入 501-600 区间，这是该校在该榜单中的最高位置。
• Toledo is classified among R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity, a Carnegie category that places it alongside the country's leading research institutions.托莱多被列为 R1 级极高科研活动博士大学，这一卡内基分类使它与美国领先的研究型院校同列，该分类每隔几年修订一次。
• The university is particularly known for engineering, polymer and solar-energy research, pharmacy and pharmaceutical science, medicine, law and the arts.该校尤其以工程、聚合物与太阳能研究、药学与药物科学、医学、法律与艺术著称。
• Its photovoltaics centre, polymer institute and Lake Erie Center give it research niches that connect directly to the glass, automotive, agricultural and environmental industries of northwest Ohio.其光伏中心、聚合物研究所与伊利湖中心形成了与俄亥俄西北部玻璃、汽车、农业与环境产业直接相连的研究特色。
• After the 2006 merger the university became the third largest public university in Ohio by operating budget, and it remains one of 17 public universities with a full set of business, education, engineering, law, medicine and pharmacy colleges.2006 年合并后，该校成为俄亥俄州运营预算第三大的公立大学，至今仍是全美 17 所同时拥有商、教育、工程、法律、医学与药学院全部设置的公立大学之一。
• The University of Toledo Medical Center serves as a regional referral hospital and a clinical training site, anchoring the university's reputation in health care.托莱多大学医学中心是本地区的转诊医院与临床培训基地，支撑着该校在医疗领域的声誉。
• More than 100,000 living alumni work in Ohio, the Midwest and internationally, and their presence in engineering, law, medicine and business reinforces the university's regional standing.该校在世校友超过 100,000 人，分布在俄亥俄、中西部与海外，他们在工程、法律、医学与商业领域的活跃加强了学校的地区地位。

Student life

• More than 13,000 students are enrolled, and more than 300 student organisations cover academic societies, cultural groups, club sports, service organisations and Greek-letter chapters.学校有 13,000 多名学生，300 多个学生组织涵盖学术社团、文化团体、俱乐部体育、服务组织与希腊字母会。
• The Rockets compete in the Mid-American Conference in midnight blue and gold, and the football team has won 11 MAC championships, most recently in 2017 and 2022.「火箭」队以午夜蓝与金色参加美国中部联盟的比赛，主场助威声浪以这两种颜色为主，气氛热烈，橄榄球队 11 次夺得该联盟冠军，最近一次是 2017 年与 2022 年。
• The women's basketball team won the 2011 Women's National Invitation Tournament, becoming the first MAC team in any sport to win a modern national championship.女子篮球队赢得 2011 年女子全国邀请赛冠军，成为美国中部联盟历史上第一支在任何项目中夺得现代全国冠军的球队。
• The men's basketball team won the 2006-07 MAC title and posted an Academic Performance Rate of 994, then tied for third best among Division I programmes nationally.男子篮球队赢得 2006-07 赛季联盟冠军，学业表现评分达 994，当时在全美一级联赛球队中并列第三。
• Glass Bowl game days feature the Rocket Marching Band, mascots Rocky the Rocket and Rocksy the Rockette, and the Blue Crew spirit group.玻璃碗体育场的比赛日有火箭行进乐队、吉祥物「火箭洛基」与「火箭女郎罗克西」以及蓝队助威团参与。
• The principal football rivalry is with Bowling Green State University, and the annual Battle of I-75 now awards a bronze trophy after the earlier Peace Pipe tradition.主要橄榄球对手是鲍林格林州立大学，一年一度的 75 号州际公路之战如今颁发铜质奖杯，取代早年的「和平烟斗」传统。
• Club sports include ice hockey in ACHA Division I, sailing, quidditch, lacrosse, rugby, ultimate disc and wrestling, and several teams compete nationally.俱乐部体育包括 ACHA 一级冰球、帆船、魁地奇、长曲棍球、橄榄球、极限飞盘与摔跤，多支队伍参加全国比赛，希腊村则为兄弟会与姐妹会提供集中住宿。
• Greek life is housed in the Greek Village on campus, and fraternities and sororities organise philanthropy events, homecoming displays and leadership programmes.希腊生活会设在校内的希腊村，兄弟会与姐妹会组织慈善活动、返校节展示与领导力项目。
• The student newspaper began in 1919 as the Universi-Teaser, and student media now include online news, radio and television production run by students.学生报纸于 1919 年以《大学逗趣报》创刊，如今学生媒体还包括由学生运营的网络新闻、广播与电视制作。
• Downtown Toledo offers museums, the zoo, a minor-league baseball stadium and riverfront parks, and the university runs shuttle services between the main and health campuses.托莱多市中心有博物馆、动物园、小联盟棒球场与河滨公园，学校在主校区与健康科学校区之间开行班车。

Notable people

• Tom Scholz, an engineer and graduate of the university, founded the rock band Boston and designed much of the equipment used in its recordings, including the Rockman guitar amplifier.汤姆·肖尔茨是工程师、该校毕业生，创办了摇滚乐队波士顿，并设计了乐队录音中使用的许多设备，包括摇滚乐手广泛使用的 Rockman 吉他放大器。
• Marcy Kaptur, the longest-serving woman in the U.S. House of Representatives, studied urban planning at the University of Toledo.马西·卡普图尔是美国众议院任职时间最长的女性议员，曾在托莱多大学学习城市规划，长期代表托莱多所在选区。
• Jamie Farr, the Toledo-born actor known for MAS*H, has been associated with the university and the city's civic life throughout his career.杰米·法尔是托莱多出生的演员，因《陆军野战医院》而闻名，其职业生涯一直与该校及城市公共生活保持联系。
• Chuck Ealey quarterbacked the Rockets to a 35-0 record from 1969 to 1971 and later won a Grey Cup in the Canadian Football League.查克·伊利在 1969 至 1971 年间带领火箭队取得 35 胜 0 负的战绩，后来在加拿大橄榄球联盟赢得格雷杯。
• Steve Mix played basketball at Toledo and became an NBA All-Star with the Philadelphia 76ers in 1975 before a long career as a broadcaster.史蒂夫·米克斯曾在托莱多大学打球，1975 年随费城 76 人队入选 NBA 全明星，此后长期担任解说员。
• Kareem Hunt, a Toledo running back, led the NFL in rushing as a rookie in 2017 and has played for the Kansas City Chiefs and Cleveland Browns.卡里姆·亨特是托莱多大学跑卫，2017 年以新秀身份领跑美国国家橄榄球联盟冲球榜，先后效力于堪萨斯城酋长与克利夫兰布朗。
• Bruce Gradkowski and Lance Moore both played quarterback and receiver at Toledo before NFL careers, and Moore won Super Bowl XLIV with the New Orleans Saints.布鲁斯·格拉德科夫斯基与兰斯·摩尔在进入美国国家橄榄球联盟前分别于托莱多大学担任四分卫与接球手，摩尔随新奥尔良圣徒赢得第 44 届超级碗。
• Diontae Johnson, a Toledo receiver, became a Pro Bowl selection in the NFL, continuing the university's record of producing professional wide receivers.迪昂泰·约翰逊是托莱多大学接球手，后来在美国国家橄榄球联盟入选职业碗，延续了该校培养职业外接手的传统。
• Gary Pinkel coached Toledo football from 1991 to 2000 and later led Missouri to conference championships, and he remains a reference point for the Rockets' coaching tradition.加里·平克尔在 1991 至 2000 年执教托莱多橄榄球队，后来带领密苏里大学夺得联盟冠军，至今仍是火箭队执教传统的代表人物。
• Jesup Wakeman Scott, A. Monroe Stowe and Frank Horton are remembered as the founder, the builder of the modern university and the president who guided its late twentieth-century expansion.杰瑟普·韦克曼·斯科特、A·门罗·斯托与弗兰克·霍顿分别以创办人、现代大学的建设者与引导 20 世纪后期扩张的校长而被铭记。