University of the Republic

The University of the Republic (Spanish: Universidad de la República, or UdelaR) is the oldest and largest public research university in Uruguay, founded in 1849 in Montevideo and organised into sixteen faculties serving well over 140,000 students.共和国大学（英文 University of the Republic，西班牙文 Universidad de la República，简称 UdelaR）是乌拉圭历史最悠久、规模最大的公立研究型大学，1849 年创办于蒙得维的亚，下设 16 个学院，在读学生远超 140,000 人。

It administers seven university schools and scientific institutes, the Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela, and three regional university centres that bring teaching to the interior of the country.学校管理着 7 个大学学院与科研机构、金塔内拉医生临床医院，以及三个把教学延伸到内地的地区大学中心。

Its undergraduate courses are open and free of charge, and the QS World University Rankings 2027 place it at 652nd in the world, making it the highest-ranked university in Uruguay.学校本科课程开放且免费；2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将其列为世界第 652 位，是乌拉圭排名最高的大学。

History

• Higher studies in Uruguay grew from the Colegio Franciscano de San Bernardino, a college of Jesuit origin that passed to the Franciscan order in 1767 when the Jesuits were expelled from the Americas.乌拉圭的高等教育发端于圣贝尔纳迪诺方济各会学院，该学院原属耶稣会，1767 年耶稣会被逐出美洲后转由方济各会掌管。

• A chair of philosophy was installed at that college in 1787 and a chair of theology in 1793, the first sustained teaching of higher subjects in the territory.该学院于 1787 年设立哲学讲席、1793 年设立神学讲席，是本地最早持续开展的高等科目教学。

• The founding process began on 11 June 1833 with a law proposed by Senator Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, which provided for nine chairs to be created and formally installed once most were operating.创校进程始于 1833 年 6 月 11 日——参议员达马索·安东尼奥·拉腊尼亚加提出法律，规定先设九个讲席，待多数开课后由政府正式设立。

• By 1836 those chairs had formed the House of General Studies, with departments of Latin, philosophy, mathematics, theology and jurisprudence.到 1836 年，这些讲席组成了通识学馆（House of General Studies），设拉丁文、哲学、数学、神学与法学等部门。

• On 27 May 1838 President Manuel Oribe issued a decree transforming the House of General Studies into the Universidad Mayor de la República, though war prevented its full effect.1838 年 5 月 27 日，总统曼努埃尔·奥里韦颁布法令，将通识学馆升格为共和国大学，但因战争而未能完全落实。

• On 14 July 1849 President Joaquín Suárez ordered the 1833 and 1838 provisions to be carried out, and the university was solemnly inaugurated on 18 July 1849 in the chapel of San Ignacio.1849 年 7 月 14 日，总统华金·苏亚雷斯下令执行 1833 年与 1838 年的规定；学校于 1849 年 7 月 18 日在圣依纳爵小堂正式举行成立典礼。

• The priest Lorenzo A. Fernández was appointed the first rector at the inauguration, succeeding the late Larrañaga as the leading church figure in the country.神父洛伦索·费尔南德斯在成立典礼上被任命为首任校长，接替已故的拉腊尼亚加成为本国教会领袖。

• A Reglamento Orgánico approved on 2 October 1849 gave the university a Napoleonic structure grouping primary, secondary and higher instruction under four faculties, of natural sciences, medicine, jurisprudence and theology.1849 年 10 月 2 日核准的《组织章程》赋予学校拿破仑式结构，把初等、中等与高等教育归入自然科学、医学、法学、神学四院。

• The first academic year began in 1850 with sixty students enrolled, and new chairs such as political economy were added in 1861.首个学年于 1850 年开始，注册学生 60 人；此后陆续增设讲席，如 1861 年的政治经济学讲席。

• An early clash with the government came in March 1864 over a commission to redesign public instruction, and the university council resigned en masse over the violation of its autonomy.1864 年 3 月，政府因设立委员会改革公共教育而与学校发生冲突，大学理事会以自主权受侵为由集体辞职。

• After the civil war that ended in February 1865 the council was restored and held its first meeting on 22 March 1865.1865 年 2 月内战结束后，大学理事会恢复，并于 1865 年 3 月 22 日举行首次会议。

• The Faculty of Medicine was founded in 1876 with chairs of anatomy and physiology, and general pathology was added in 1877.医学院于 1876 年成立，设解剖学与生理学讲席，1877 年增设普通病理学。

• In 1877 the government of Colonel Lorenzo Latorre enacted the Common Education Law proposed by José Pedro Varela, which removed primary education from the university's remit.1877 年，洛伦索·拉托雷上校政府颁布由何塞·佩德罗·巴雷拉提出的《公共教育法》，把初等教育从大学的职权范围中划出。

• On 15 October 1884 the government of General Máximo Santos intervened in the university and dismissed its authorities, after which a new statute reduced the council from forty members to seven and excluded students.1884 年 10 月 15 日，马克西莫·桑托斯将军政府干预学校、解除其领导层职务；随后新章程把理事会由 40 人减至 7 人，并排除学生。

• The Organic Law of 14 July 1885 opened a period of reform, and the Faculty of Mathematics was created in 1888, followed in 1893 by the Institute of Hygiene, a pioneer of its kind in Latin America.1885 年 7 月 14 日的《组织法》开启了改革时期，1888 年设立数学学院，1893 年又创办卫生研究所，在拉丁美洲属首创。

• By 1899, when Alfredo Vázquez Acevedo left the rectorship, the university had about 500 students and had moved to larger premises in the Hotel Nacional.到 1899 年阿尔弗雷多·巴斯克斯·阿塞维多卸任校长时，学校已有约 500 名学生，并迁入国家旅馆大厦这一更大的校舍。

• The Faculty of Commerce was created in 1903 and the Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary in 1907.商学院于 1903 年设立，农学与兽医学院于 1907 年设立。

• The Organic Law of 31 December 1908 dismantled the unitary structure, made the rector a direct appointee of the president, and created a decentralised arrangement nicknamed the consortium of three faculties.1908 年 12 月 31 日的《组织法》拆解了单一制结构，校长改由总统直接任命，形成被称作「三院联合体」的分权格局。

• Under the decentralised regime the faculties multiplied, with mathematics splitting into architecture and engineering in 1915, agronomy in 1925, dentistry and chemistry in 1929, economics in 1932 and veterinary medicine in 1933.在分权体制下院系不断增加：1915 年数学分为建筑与工程，1925 年设立农学，1929 年设立牙科与化学，1932 年设立经济，1933 年设立兽医。

• The Córdoba university reform of 1918 influenced Uruguay in the 1920s, and in April 1929 students founded the Federation of University Students of Uruguay.1918 年科尔多瓦大学改革在 1920 年代影响了乌拉圭；1929 年 4 月学生成立了乌拉圭大学生联合会。

• The coup of Gabriel Terra on 31 March 1933 turned the university into a centre of opposition, and on 11 December 1935 a law separated secondary education from the university.1933 年 3 月 31 日加布里埃尔·特拉政变后，学校成为反对派的活动中心；1935 年 12 月 11 日一项法律把中等教育从大学分出。

• In 1945 the School of Library Science joined the university and the Faculty of Humanities and Sciences was created, long demanded by students and teachers.1945 年图书馆学学校并入大学，并成立了师生长期争取的人文与科学学院。

Academics

• The university is organised into sixteen faculties, covering agronomy, architecture design and urbanism, arts, chemistry, economics and business administration, engineering, humanities and education, law, medicine, nursing, odontology, psychology, science, social sciences, veterinary medicine, and information and communication.学校下设 16 个学院，涵盖农学，建筑设计与城市规划，艺术，化学，经济与工商管理，工程，人文与教育，法学，医学，护理，牙科，心理学，理学，社会科学，兽医学，以及信息与传播。

• Alongside the faculties it runs seven university schools and scientific institutes, including administration, medical technology, nutrition and dietetics, obstetrics, and odontological technology.除学院之外，学校还设有 7 个大学学院与科研机构，其中包括行政管理、医疗技术、营养与膳食、助产以及牙科技术等学校。

• The Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela in Montevideo is the university's own teaching hospital and the centre of its clinical training.位于蒙得维的亚的金塔内拉医生临床医院是学校自有的教学医院，也是其临床训练中心。

• The university is free and open at undergraduate level, a principle that underpins its role as the main route to the professions in Uruguay.学校本科阶段免费且开放，这一原则支撑着它作为乌拉圭主要专业人才培养通道的地位。

• The Law School, whose origins lie in the Academy of Jurisprudence of 1838, became a branch of the university in 1849 and is its oldest faculty, housed in the main building in Cordón.法学院的源头可溯至 1838 年的法理学院，1849 年成为大学的一个分支，是学校最古老的学院，校舍位于科尔多恩的主楼。

• It was the only law school in Uruguay until the Catholic University of Uruguay opened one in 1984, and many Uruguayan presidents and legislators studied there.在 1984 年乌拉圭天主教大学设立法学院之前，它是乌拉圭唯一的法学院，多名乌拉圭总统与议员在此就读。

• The Faculty of Medicine, founded in 1876, works with the Hospital de Clínicas and other public hospitals of Montevideo.创建于 1876 年的医学院与临床医院以及蒙得维的亚的其他公立医院合作。

• The Faculty of Engineering, a direct descendant of the Faculty of Mathematics, runs the technical programmes and maintains a large intake of new students each year.工程学院由数学学院直接发展而来，负责技术类课程，每年招收大量新生。

• The Faculty of Sciences and the Faculty of Chemistry provide the university's basic-science teaching and research base.理学院与化学学院构成学校基础科学的教学与研究基础。

• The Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Humanities and Education Sciences carry much of the university's work in the social sciences and teacher training.社会科学学院与人文和教育科学学院承担了学校在社会学科与师资培养方面的大量工作。

• The Faculty of Economics and Business Administration and the Faculty of Architecture, Design and Urbanism are among its large professional faculties.经济与工商管理学院以及建筑设计学院，是学校规模较大的职业类学院。

• The Faculty of Information and Communication was created to bring library science and communication studies together in a single faculty.信息与传播学院把图书馆学与传播研究整合到同一学院之中。

• In 2024 the university created the Franco-Uruguayan Institute of Mathematics together with several French academic institutions.2024 年，学校与多所法国学术机构共同创建了法乌数学研究所。

• To decentralise higher education the university opened schools outside Montevideo, including a Regional Norte in Salto that offers architecture, law and nursing, and a university house in Rivera.为分散高等教育资源，学校在蒙得维的亚之外办学，包括在萨尔托的北方校区开设建筑、法律与护理，并在里维拉设立大学之家。

• The Faculty of Engineering also offers certain courses jointly with the University of Labor of Uruguay and the Technical University of Uruguay to extend its reach beyond the capital.工程学院还与乌拉圭劳动大学及乌拉圭技术大学联合开设部分课程，把影响延伸到首都之外。

• The university's research output is concentrated in medicine, chemistry, biology, physics and the social sciences, and the OpenAlex database records 54,005 works with 1,581,596 citations.学校的研究产出集中于医学、化学、生物学、物理学与社会科学；OpenAlex 数据库记录其成果 54,005 项、被引 1,581,596 次。

• The university also runs an extension programme that brings teaching and research into the community, a long-standing feature of Latin American public universities.学校还设有面向社区的社会延伸项目，把教学与研究带进社区，这是拉丁美洲公立大学的长期传统。

Campus

• The university's main building stands in the Cordón district of Montevideo, on the avenue between Río Branco and Convención, where the university moved in 1884.学校主楼位于蒙得维的亚科尔多恩区里奥布兰科与孔文西翁之间的大道上，学校于 1884 年迁入此处。

• The Law School still occupies its original main building in Cordón, the only branch of the university that has never moved from the site.法学院至今仍设在科尔多恩的原主楼内，是学校唯一从未迁离原址的分支。

• The Hospital de Clínicas Doctor Manuel Quintela stands in the Parque Batlle area of Montevideo as the university's principal hospital building.金塔内拉医生临床医院位于蒙得维的亚巴特列公园一带，是学校最主要的医院建筑。

• The university's original home was the House of the Exercises at the corner of Sarandí and Maciel, from which it later moved to larger premises.学校最初设在萨兰迪与马西埃尔街角的习练之家，其后迁往更大的校舍。

• Regional University Centres in the interior give the university a national footprint, with a Regional Norte in Salto and teaching in Rivera among others.设在内地的地区大学中心赋予学校全国性布局，其中包括萨尔托的北方校区以及里维拉的教学点。

• The Casa Universitaria in Rivera lets the Faculty of Sciences teach its management of environmental resources course away from Montevideo.里维拉的大学之家使理学院得以在蒙得维的亚之外开设环境资源管理课程。

• Because most of its faculties stand in Montevideo, the university's campus is dispersed across the city rather than concentrated on a single site.由于多数学院位于蒙得维的亚，学校的校区分散于全城，而非集中于单一地块。

• Montevideo, the national capital, hosts the university's central administration as well as the bulk of its students and academic staff.首都蒙得维的亚既是学校中央行政所在地，也聚集了其大部分学生与教师。

• The university library system is dispersed with the faculties, and its collections support study across all sixteen faculties.学校图书馆体系随各学院分散布局，其馆藏支撑全部 16 个学院的学习。

Reputation

• The QS World University Rankings 2027 place the University of the Republic at 652nd in the world, the position under which this entry is catalogued.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将共和国大学列为世界第 652 位，本条目即按此名次收录。

• The university does not appear in the main table of the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027.该校未进入 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名主榜。

• The US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 places the university 882nd in the world.2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名将该校列为世界第 882 位。

• The Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 does not place the university in its main list.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名未将该校列入主榜。

• In the 2026 QS World University Rankings the university was placed 650th, and in 2019 the University Ranking by Academic Performance put it in the 801-900 band as the best university in Uruguay.在 2026 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校列第 650 位；2019 年「大学学术表现排名」将其列入第 801-900 位，并评为乌拉圭最佳大学。

• Its position rests on its role as the country's principal public university, which has educated the great majority of Uruguay's professionals.学校的地位建立在其作为本国主要公立大学的角色之上，乌拉圭绝大多数专业人士都出自该校。

• Seven schools and scientific institutes and a large hospital network give the university unusual breadth for a national system of its size.7 个学院与科研机构以及庞大的医院网络，使这所学校在同等规模的国家体系中具备少见的广度。

• OpenAlex records 54,005 works and 1,581,596 citations for the university, the machine-counted output behind its bibliometric profile.OpenAlex 记录该校成果数为 54,005 项、被引次数为 1,581,596 次，构成其文献计量画像的机器统计基础。

• No Nobel Prize, Turing Award or Fields Medal laureate is recorded among the university's alumni in the available material, so its reputation rests on its national role and its medical and scientific research.在现有材料中，该校校友名录未记载诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，其声誉因而建立在国家角色及其医学与科学研究之上。

Student life

• The University of the Republic has no formal Latin motto and presents itself instead as open, public and autonomous.共和国大学没有正式的拉丁文校训，而是以「开放、公立、自治」自我表述。

• Its undergraduate teaching is free, and admission is open rather than selective, reflecting a founding principle of broad access to higher education.学校本科教学免费，招生开放而非选拔，体现其高等教育广泛开放的创校原则。

• The Federation of University Students of Uruguay, founded in April 1929, has been a central actor in student life and in university governance debates.乌拉圭大学生联合会成立于 1929 年 4 月，长期是学生生活与大学治理辩论中的核心角色。

• A First National Student Congress met in 1930 on university reform and an American University Congress was held in Montevideo in 1931 with student representation.1930 年召开了以大学改革为主题的首届全国学生大会，1931 年又在蒙得维的亚举行了有学生代表参加的美洲大学大会。

• The university operates on the principle of cogobierno, in which students, teachers and graduates share in the government of faculties and of the university as a whole.学校实行「共治」（cogobierno）原则，学生、教师与毕业生共同参与学院及全校治理。

• The Córdoba reform movement of 1918 shaped this model, and its influence in the 1920s produced assemblies of the cloister with student participation.1918 年的科尔多瓦改革运动塑造了这一模式，其 1920 年代的影响催生了有学生参与的评议会。

• The university marks its foundation on 18 July, the date of its inauguration in 1849, and the day doubles as a national civic anniversary.学校以 7 月 18 日——1849 年成立典礼之日——作为创校纪念日，这一天同时是全国性的公民纪念日。

• Student life is closely tied to Montevideo, and the dispersal of faculties across the city makes the capital itself the university's social setting.学生生活与蒙得维的亚紧密相连；各学院分散于全城，使首都本身成为学校的社会场域。

Notable people

• Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga, the senator and priest whose 1833 law began the founding process, is the university's principal founding figure and also wrote its first draft organic law.参议员兼神父达马索·安东尼奥·拉拉尼亚加的 1833 年法律开启了创校进程，是学校的主要创办人物，并起草了首部组织法草案。

• Lorenzo A. Fernández, the priest appointed at the 1849 inauguration, served as the university's first rector.在 1849 年成立典礼上获任的神父洛伦索·费尔南德斯，出任学校首任校长。

• José Batlle y Ordóñez, president of Uruguay in 1903-1907 and 1911-1915, was educated at the university and supported its expansion in the early twentieth century.何塞·巴特列-奥多涅斯（1903-1907 年与 1911-1915 年任乌拉圭总统）在该校就读，并在 20 世纪初支持学校扩张。

• Tabaré Vázquez, professor of oncology at the Faculty of Medicine and president of Uruguay in 2005-2010 and 2015-2020, is one of its best-known academic alumni.塔瓦雷·巴斯克斯曾任医学院肿瘤学教授，并于 2005-2010 年与 2015-2020 年两度出任乌拉圭总统，是该校最知名的学术性校友之一。

• Luis Alberto Lacalle, president of Uruguay in 1990-1995, trained as a lawyer at the university.路易斯·阿尔贝托·拉卡列于 1990-1995 年任乌拉圭总统，在该校受过法学训练。

• Danilo Astori, vice-president of Uruguay in 2010-2015 and long-serving minister of economy, was a professor of economics at the university.达尼洛·阿斯托里曾任 2010-2015 年乌拉圭副总统与长期的经济部长，是该校经济学教授。

• Enrique V. Iglesias, a professor of economics, led the Central Bank of Uruguay in 1967-1969 and the Inter-American Development Bank in 1988-2005.经济学教授恩里克·伊格莱西亚斯于 1967-1969 年执掌乌拉圭中央银行，并于 1988-2005 年执掌美洲开发银行。

• Carolina Cosse, an engineer and vice-president of Uruguay from 2025, and Beatriz Argimón, vice-president in 2020-2025, are among its recent political alumni.工程师卡罗利娜·科塞自 2025 年起任乌拉圭副总统；贝亚特丽斯·阿尔希蒙任 2020-2025 年副总统，两人都是学校近年的政界校友。

• Carlos Vaz Ferreira, professor of philosophy and a pragmatist thinker, and José Enrique Rodó, the essayist, belong to its early intellectual tradition.哲学教授、实用主义思想家卡洛斯·巴斯·费雷拉与散文家何塞·恩里克·罗多，属于学校早期的智识传统。

• Clemente Estable, a professor of neurobiology and cell theorist, and Rafael Radi, a biochemist elected a foreign associate of the United States National Academy of Sciences, represent its scientific tradition.神经生物学教授、细胞理论家克莱门特·埃斯塔夫莱，以及当选美国国家科学院外籍院士的生物化学家拉斐尔·拉迪，代表学校的科学传统。

• Ida Holz, an engineer and Internet pioneer, and Julio Ángel Fernández, a professor of astronomy and member of the National Academy of Sciences, are further figures of its academic line.工程师、互联网先驱伊达·奥尔茨，以及天文学教授、国家科学院院士胡利奥·安赫尔·费尔南德斯，是学校学术脉络中的另外两位人物。

• Rodrigo Arocena, a professor of mathematics, served as rector of the university from 2006 to 2014.数学教授罗德里戈·阿罗塞纳于 2006 年至 2014 年担任学校校长。