University of the Basque Country

The University of the Basque Country, officially Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea in Basque and Universidad del País Vasco in Spanish, is a public university serving the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain.巴斯克大学，官方巴斯克语名为「Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea」、西班牙语名为「Universidad del País Vasco」，是服务西班牙巴斯克自治区的一所公立大学。

Heir to the University of Bilbao of 1968, it took its present name in 1980 and today teaches across three campuses in the provinces of Biscay, Gipuzkoa and Álava.该校承继 1968 年创办的毕尔巴鄂大学，1980 年启用现名，如今在比斯开、吉普斯夸与阿拉瓦三省的三座校区教学。

It enrolled about 35,700 students in 2024-25 across 108 degrees, is the leading research institution of the Basque Country and was placed joint 677th in the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校 2024-25 学年在读约 35700 名学生、开设 108 种学位，是巴斯克地区龙头研究机构，并在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列第 677 位。

History

• Although the Basque Country had many centres of learning over the centuries, beginning with the Universidad Sancti Spiritus de Oñati, serious efforts to create an official Basque university began only in the twentieth century.尽管巴斯克地区数百年来学府众多，最早可溯至奥尼亚特的圣灵大学，但认真创办一所官方巴斯克大学的努力要到 20 世纪才展开。

• The first such university opened in Bilbao in the 1930s at the initiative of José Antonio Aguirre, the Basque president, who was himself an alumnus of the University of Deusto.这样一所大学于 1930 年代在毕尔巴鄂开办，出自巴斯克主席何塞·安东尼奥·阿吉雷的倡议，他本人是德乌斯托大学的校友。

• It was opened during the Spanish Civil War and was shut down when Franco's armies entered Bilbao on 19 June 1937, so the project came to an abrupt end.该校于西班牙内战期间开办，1937 年 6 月 19 日佛朗哥军队进入毕尔巴鄂时被关闭，这一计划因此戛然而止。

• Not until 1968 was another university founded in the Basque region, when the University of Bilbao opened with the Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences of Sarriko, Medicine and Sciences.直至 1968 年，巴斯克地区才有另一所大学创立，毕尔巴鄂大学开办时设有萨里科经济与商业科学学院、医学院与科学院。

• The university's own account dates its constituent schools earlier, naming the Nautical School of 1784, the School of Business Studies of Bilbao of 1818 and the Technical Schools of Engineers of 1897.该校自身的沿革记载把属下学校的源头更早追溯：1784 年的航海学校、1818 年的毕尔巴鄂商业研究学校与 1897 年的工程师技术学校。

• In 1972 the Leioa premises were completed, built in a remote spot among cultivated fields, since the dictatorial authorities wished to keep restive students away from urban areas.1972 年，莱奥阿校舍建成，选址于耕地之间一处偏远地带，因为独裁当局希望让动荡的学生远离城市。

• Following the General Law of Education of 1970, the older schools of the region were absorbed, and in 1977 additional campuses sprang up in Álava and Gipuzkoa, broadening the institution beyond Bilbao.依 1970 年《教育总法》，该地区较早的学校被并入；1977 年又新增阿拉瓦与吉普斯夸校区，使学校走出毕尔巴鄂。

• In 1980 the institution was officially designated the University of the Basque Country, giving the autonomous community its own university.1980 年，该校正式定名为巴斯克大学，使自治区拥有了自己的大学。

• By 2005 the university offered 78 different degrees, and its 48,000 students could choose from more than 1,300 subjects of study, with about 90 per cent of courses available in the Basque language.到 2005 年，该校开设 78 种学位，其 48000 名学生可从逾 1300 门课程中选择，约 90% 的课程可用巴斯克语修读。

• In 2009 the EHU project Euskampus was labelled a Campus of International Excellence, the highest quality award of the Spanish Ministry of Education, built with Tecnalia and the Donostia International Physics Center Foundation.2009 年，该校的 Euskampus 项目获评「国际卓越校区」，为西班牙教育部最高质量奖项，并由 Tecnalia 与多诺斯蒂亚国际物理中心基金会共同参与建设。

• A representation centre, the Bizkaia Aretoa, opened in the Abandoibarra neighbourhood of Bilbao in 2011, housing university offices, congresses and exhibitions.2011 年，代表中心「比斯开论坛」在毕尔巴鄂阿万多伊巴拉街区启用，内设学校办公机构并承办会议与展览。

• Gregorio Monreal, Emilio Barberá, Juan Jose Goiriena de Gandarias, Pello Salaburu and Manuel Montero each served as rector in the university's earlier decades, guiding its consolidation.格雷戈里奥·蒙雷亚尔、埃米利奥·巴尔贝拉、胡安·何塞·戈伊列纳·德甘达里亚斯、佩略·萨拉布鲁与曼努埃尔·蒙特罗先后在早年担任校长，主导学校的整合。

• Iñaki Goirizelaia led the university as rector from 2009 to 2017, a period that included the Euskampus international-excellence project.伊尼亚基·戈伊里塞拉亚于 2009 至 2017 年任校长，其间涵盖 Euskampus 国际卓越项目。

• Nekane Balluerka served as rector from 2017 to 2021, followed by Eva Ferreira, the university's rector from 2021 to 2024.内卡内·巴卢埃尔卡于 2017 至 2021 年任校长，其后由 2021 至 2024 年任职的埃娃·费雷拉接任。

• Joxerramon Bengoetxea, a full professor of philosophy and law, became rector in 2024 and leads the university at the time of this entry.哲学与法学正教授肖谢拉蒙·本戈埃切亚于 2024 年出任校长，并在本条目撰写之时领导该校。

• The Summer Courses, created in 1981, are held at the Miramar Palace in San Sebastián and have hosted lecturers such as Noam Chomsky, who spoke in 2006.创办于 1981 年的暑期课程在圣塞瓦斯蒂安的米拉马尔宫举行，曾邀请诺姆·乔姆斯基等讲者，他于 2006 年到访授课。

• Over its history the university has produced more than 400,000 graduates, and it conducts the greater part of the basic research carried out in the Basque Country.建校以来，该校已培养逾 40 万名毕业生，并承担巴斯克地区大部分基础研究工作。

• The university's Handball team and its former football side, which played in the Spanish Tercera División, reflect a sporting tradition that grew alongside its academic expansion.该校的手球队与曾在西班牙丙级联赛作赛的足球队，折射出与其学术扩张同步成长的体育传统。

• By the 2020s the university was teaching 108 degrees to about 35,700 students, with a full-time academic staff counted by the ShanghaiRanking profile at 4,086 in 2025.到 2020 年代，该校向约 35700 名学生开设 108 种学位，据软科简介，其 2025 年全职学术人员为 4086 人。

• Its Master and Doctoral School, common to the three campuses, coordinates doctoral programmes and official master's degrees, excluding those with professional attributes.其三校区共设的硕士与博士学院，负责协调博士项目与官方硕士学位，不含具执业属性的学位。

Academics

• EHU is organised into three campuses, one for each of the three provinces of the Basque Autonomous Community, with faculties and schools dispersed across numerous towns.该校设三座校区，对应巴斯克自治区三省，各学院与学校分散于多处城镇。

• The Faculty of Economic and Business Sciences of Sarriko, the Faculty of Medicine and Nursing and the Faculty of Science and Technology are among the largest centres, teaching across Biscay.萨里科经济与商业科学学院、医学与护理学院以及科学与技术学院是其中规模最大的中心，在比斯开省开展教学。

• The Biscay Campus also hosts the Faculty of Fine Arts, the Faculty of Social Sciences and Communication, the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Education of Bilbao and the Faculty of Labour Relations and Social Work.比斯开校区还设有美术学院、社会科学与传播学院、法学院、毕尔巴鄂教育学院以及劳动关系与社会工作学院。

• The Gipuzkoa Campus in San Sebastián groups its faculties in the Ibaeta neighbourhood, including the Higher Technical School of Architecture, the Faculty of Computer Engineering and the Faculty of Chemical Sciences.圣塞瓦斯蒂安的吉普斯夸校区把各学院集中于伊巴埃塔街区，包括高等建筑技术学院、计算机工程学院与化学科学学院。

• The Gipuzkoa Campus also includes the Faculty of Law, the Faculty of Psychology, the Faculty of Economics and Business Studies, the Faculty of Engineering of Gipuzkoa and the Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology.吉普斯夸校区还设有法学院、心理学院、经济与商业研究学院、吉普斯夸工程学院以及教育、哲学与人类学学院。

• The Álava Campus in the south of Vitoria-Gasteiz comprises the University College of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, the Faculty of Economics and Business Studies, the Faculty of Education and Sport, the Faculty of Pharmacy and the Faculty of Arts.位于维多利亚-加斯泰斯南部的阿拉瓦校区包括维多利亚-加斯泰斯工程学院、经济与商业研究学院、教育与体育学院、药学院与文学院。

• Medicine is taught partly through teaching units attached to hospitals, at Basurto and Cruces in Biscay and at Galdakao, with further units on the other campuses.医学教学部分通过附设于医院的教学单位开展，包括比斯开的巴斯托与克鲁塞斯医院及加尔达考，其他校区亦设有教学单位。

• A Master and Doctoral School, common to the three campuses, coordinates and manages doctoral programmes and interdisciplinary research training as well as official master's degrees.三校区共设的硕士与博士学院负责协调与管理博士项目、跨学科研究训练以及官方硕士学位。

• Five schools are affiliated with EHU, among them the Elias Querejeta Film School in San Sebastián, the University School of Nursing of Vitoria-Gasteiz and the University College of the Chamber of Commerce of Bilbao.有五所学校附属于该校，其中包括圣塞瓦斯蒂安的埃利亚斯·克雷赫塔电影学校、维多利亚-加斯泰斯的护理学校与毕尔巴鄂商会的学院。

• Two further affiliates are the University School of Dual Engineering IMH in Elgoibar and the Goimailako Online Institute, a higher-education online institute.另有两所附属机构：埃尔戈伊瓦尔的 IMH 双元制工程学校，以及高等在线教育机构 Goimailako 在线学院。

• As the main research institution of the Basque Country, EHU carries out 90 per cent of the basic research conducted in the region and benefits from a strong industrial environment.作为巴斯克地区的主要研究机构，该校承担区内 90% 的基础研究，并得益于发达的产业环境。

• Research funding and staff numbers have grown steadily, with the ShanghaiRanking profile recording 3,953 full-time academic staff in 2022 rising to 4,086 in 2025.科研经费与人员规模稳步增长，据软科简介，其全职学术人员由 2022 年的 3953 人增至 2025 年的 4086 人。

• Full-time degree students counted by the same profile reached 31,014 in 2025, of whom 26,551 were at bachelor's level.据同一简介，其 2025 年全日制学位学生达 31014 人，其中 26551 人就读本科层次。

• The university's own statistics cite about 43,000 students, some 6,000 teaching and research staff and nearly 2,000 service and administrative staff.据该校自身统计，约有 43000 名学生、约 6000 名教学与研究人员以及近 2000 名服务与行政人员。

• Teaching is bilingual in Basque and Spanish, and the university has extended the proportion of courses available in Basque to about 90 per cent of its offering.教学以巴斯克语与西班牙语双语进行，该校已将可用巴斯克语修读的课程比例扩展至约 90%。

• The Faculty of Education, Philosophy and Anthropology, based on the Gipuzkoa Campus, alone teaches about 2,481 students with 231 teaching and research staff.位于吉普斯夸校区的教育、哲学与人类学学院，单院即有约 2481 名学生与 231 名教学研究人员。

Campus

• One defining feature of EHU is the dispersion of its faculties and schools across three campuses, one for each of the three provinces of the Basque Autonomous Community.该校的一大特点是各学院与学校分散于三座校区，对应巴斯克自治区三省各一。

• The Biscay Campus is the largest and busiest, its main complex at Leioa lying eleven kilometres from the centre of Bilbao, on the seat of the former University of Bilbao.比斯开校区规模最大、最为繁忙，其主建筑群位于莱奥阿，距毕尔巴鄂市中心 11 公里，坐落在原毕尔巴鄂大学的校址上。

• Other Biscay centres and schools stand within Bilbao itself and in Barakaldo and Portugalete, while the Bizkaia Aretoa at Abandoibarra hosts offices, congresses and expositions.比斯开的其他中心与学校分设于毕尔巴鄂市内以及巴拉卡尔多与波图加莱特，而阿万多伊巴拉区的比斯开论坛则容纳办公机构并举办会议与展览。

• The Gipuzkoa Campus is seated in San Sebastián and Eibar, its San Sebastián faculties grouped in the Ibaeta neighbourhood after formerly being spread across the city.吉普斯夸校区设于圣塞瓦斯蒂安与埃瓦尔，其圣塞瓦斯蒂安各学院在先前散布全市后集中于伊巴埃塔街区。

• The Álava Campus occupies the south of Vitoria-Gasteiz, the Basque capital, and its teaching unit of medicine and engineering college serve the surrounding province.阿拉瓦校区位于巴斯克首府维多利亚-加斯泰斯南部，其医学教学单位与工程学院服务周边的阿拉瓦省。

• The university's recorded geographic position is latitude 43.326860 and longitude -2.988840, placing the Leioa campus in the metropolitan belt of Greater Bilbao.该校登记的地理坐标为北纬 43.326860、经度 -2.988840，把莱奥阿校区落位于大毕尔巴鄂都市带内。

• Leioa lies between the Nervión estuary and the coastal hills, and the campus was deliberately sited away from the city in fields when it was completed in 1972.莱奥阿位于内尔维翁河口与沿海丘陵之间，其校区在 1972 年建成时特意选址于远离城市的田野之中。

• The Master and Doctoral School is common to the three campuses, and the affiliated schools, from the film school in San Sebastián to the online institute, extend the university's reach.硕士与博士学院为三校区共用，而从圣塞瓦斯蒂安的电影学校到在线学院的各附属学校，则延伸了该校的覆盖范围。

• Teaching units of medicine attach the university to hospitals at Basurto, Cruces and Galdakao, giving medical students clinical placements within the public health system.医学教学单位把该校与巴斯托、克鲁塞斯与加尔达考等医院相连，让医学生在公共卫生系统内获得临床实习岗位。

• The three-campus structure matches the provinces of Biscay, Gipuzkoa and Álava, so that each province has a substantial EHU presence within reach of its students.三校区结构对应比斯开、吉普斯夸与阿拉瓦三省，使各省都在学生可就近抵达的范围内拥有颇具规模的 EHU 存在。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, the edition to which this entry belongs, the University of the Basque Country is placed joint 677th in the world, with an overall score of 26.1.在本条目所属的 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，巴斯克大学并列全球第 677 位，综合得分为 26.1。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place EHU in the 801-1000 band, down from the 601-800 band of the 2026 edition.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将 EHU 列入第 801-1000 档，低于 2026 年版的第 601-800 档。^[1]

• The 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities table ranks the university 451st in the world, its strongest showing among the four main rankings.2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名将该校列于全球第 451 位，是其在四大主榜中最好的名次。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, published by ShanghaiRanking, places EHU in the 301-400 band, again its best main-table result.由软科（上海排名）发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名将 EHU 列入第 301-400 档，同样是其主榜最佳结果。

• In the 2025 European Ranking of Engineering Programs, EngiRank, EHU was the second-best university in Spain for engineering, sharing 22nd place overall with the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya.在 2025 年欧洲工程学科排名 EngiRank 中，EHU 是西班牙工程领域第二好的大学，总体并列第 22 位，与加泰罗尼亚理工大学同列。

• In the NTU Ranking by Subject 2026, EHU reached 198th worldwide in Chemical Engineering, placing it among the world's top 200 universities in that discipline.在 2026 年 NTU 学科排名中，EHU 的化学工程位列全球第 198，跻身该学科全球前 200。

• In the 2024 Round University Ranking the university was placed 567th globally, a composite measure of teaching, research, international diversity and financial sustainability.在 2024 年圆桌大学排名中，该校位列全球第 567 位，该榜综合衡量教学、科研、国际多样性与财务可持续性。

• Research recorded by OpenAlex amounts to about 103,090 works with more than 5,671,000 citations, by far the largest scholarly footprint among the universities in this batch.OpenAlex 记录的科研产出约 103090 件作品、被引逾 567.1 万次，是本批高校中学术影响体量最大者。

• The university's share of the region's research, 90 per cent of its basic research and the majority of its academic output, makes it the reference institution for Basque higher education and innovation.该校承担区内 90% 的基础研究与大部分学术产出，使其成为巴斯克高等教育与创新的标杆机构。

• Other universities operating in the Basque Country alongside EHU include the University of Deusto, Mondragon University, the Public University of Navarre and the University of Pau and the Adour region, giving the region a dense higher-education map.与 EHU 同在巴斯克地区办学的高校还有德乌斯托大学、蒙德拉贡大学、纳瓦拉公立大学以及波城与阿杜尔地区大学，使该地区高等教育版图十分密集。

Student life

• The university's motto is the Basque verse Eman ta zabal zazu, meaning "give and distribute", drawn from the nineteenth-century Basque anthem Gernikako Arbola.该校校训为巴斯克语句子「Eman ta zabal zazu」，意为「给予并广布」，取自 19 世纪巴斯克颂歌《格尔尼卡之树》。

• The EHU emblem is an interpretation of the Tree of Guernica by the sculptor Eduardo Chillida, tying the university to a symbol of Basque self-government.该校校徽是雕塑家爱德华多·奇利达对「格尔尼卡之树」的诠释，把学校与巴斯克自治的象征联系在一起。

• The Summer Courses, created in 1981, are held at the Miramar Palace in San Sebastián, offering lectures, talks and master classes across many fields of knowledge.创办于 1981 年的暑期课程在圣塞瓦斯蒂安的米拉马尔宫举行，就众多知识领域开设讲座、演讲与大师班。

• World-renowned lecturers have been invited to the Summer Courses, including the linguist Noam Chomsky, who lectured there in 2006.暑期课程曾邀请世界知名讲者，其中包括 2006 年到此授课的语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基。

• The university has an important handball team, and its football side played in the Spanish Tercera División, Grupo 4, in the 2006-2007 season.该校拥有实力不俗的手球队，其足球队曾在 2006-2007 赛季参加西班牙丙级联赛第 4 组。

• The football team finished 19th in that 2006-2007 season and was relegated to the regional divisions.该足球队在 2006-2007 赛季排名第 19，被降入地区联赛。

• The Engineering School of Bilbao and the University of Deusto hold yearly rowing competitions on the Estuary of Bilbao, inspired by the Oxford and Cambridge boat race.毕尔巴鄂工程学院与德乌斯托大学每年在毕尔巴鄂河口举行赛艇比赛，灵感源自牛津与剑桥的赛艇对抗。

• The university also offers an English-language distance postgraduate diploma in international election observation and electoral assistance, formerly run with organisations in the field of election monitoring.该校还开设英语远程研究生文凭课程，方向为国际选举观察与选举援助，曾与选举监督领域的多家机构合作开设。

Notable people

• José Antonio Aguirre, the Basque lehendakari, drove the creation of the first Basque university in the 1930s, though the Civil War cut the project short.巴斯克主席何塞·安东尼奥·阿吉雷在 1930 年代推动创立第一所巴斯克大学，但内战使这一计划中断。

• Eduardo Chillida, one of Spain's foremost sculptors, designed the interpretation of the Tree of Guernica that serves as the university's emblem.西班牙最重要的雕塑家之一爱德华多·奇利达，创作了作为该校校徽的「格尔尼卡之树」诠释作品。

• Noam Chomsky, the American linguist, lectured at the university's Summer Courses in San Sebastián in 2006.美国语言学家诺姆·乔姆斯基 2006 年在圣塞瓦斯蒂安的该校暑期课程授课。

• Gregorio Monreal, an early rector, helped steer the institution through its transition to the University of the Basque Country.早年校长格雷戈里奥·蒙雷亚尔协助该校完成向巴斯克大学的过渡。

• Iñaki Goirizelaia served as rector from 2009 to 2017, overseeing the Euskampus international-excellence project.伊尼亚基·戈伊里塞拉亚于 2009 至 2017 年任校长，督导 Euskampus 国际卓越项目。

• Nekane Balluerka was rector from 2017 to 2021, and Eva Ferreira followed her as rector from 2021 to 2024.内卡内·巴卢埃尔卡于 2017 至 2021 年任校长，埃娃·费雷拉于 2021 至 2024 年接任校长。

• Joxerramon Bengoetxea, a full professor of philosophy and law, has served as rector since 2024.哲学与法学正教授肖谢拉蒙·本戈埃切亚自 2024 年起任校长。

• Emilio Barberá and Pello Salaburu were among the university's earlier rectors, as were Juan Jose Goiriena de Gandarias and Manuel Montero.埃米利奥·巴尔贝拉与佩略·萨拉布鲁是该校较早的校长，胡安·何塞·戈伊列纳·德甘达里亚斯与曼努埃尔·蒙特罗亦然。

• Arantza Díaz de Ilarraza Sánchez, a professor at the university, is a prominent researcher in Basque-language computational linguistics.该校教授阿兰察·迪亚斯·德伊拉拉萨·桑切斯，是巴斯克语计算语言学领域的知名研究者。