University of Szeged

The University of Szeged (Hungarian: Szegedi Tudományegyetem, SZTE) is a public research university in the city of Szeged in southern Hungary, near the country's border with Serbia and Romania.匈牙利塞格德大学（匈牙利语 Szegedi Tudományegyetem，简称 SZTE）是匈牙利南部城市塞格德的一所公立研究型大学，邻近该国与塞尔维亚、罗马尼亚的边境。

Its institutional lineage reaches back to a Jesuit academy of 1581, and the modern university was formed in 2000 by the unification of the higher-education institutions of Szeged.其机构渊源可上溯至 1581 年的一所耶稣会学院，现代大学则于 2000 年由塞格德各高等教育机构合并而成。

It is organised into twelve faculties and nineteen doctoral schools, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed 633rd in the world.学校下设十二个学院与十九个博士学校，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列全球第 633 位。

History

• The earliest predecessor of today's university was established by Stephen Báthory in the city of Kolozsvár in 1581 as a Catholic academy with a profile in the humanities and in theology, making it one of the oldest centres of higher learning in the region.今日大学的最早前身，是 1581 年由斯特凡·巴托里在科洛兹瓦尔城创办的一所天主教学院，以人文学与神学为办学方向，堪称本地区最早的学术中心之一。

• The academy offered university-level education in the arts, and its departments had been organised by 1598, before a full university system existed in the region.该学院在文艺领域提供大学水平的教育，其各系到 1598 年已具规模，当时这一地区尚未形成完整的大学体系。

• The academy stopped functioning in 1605 because of the Reformation and the Long Turkish War, and it was reopened with Habsburg support in 1698 as the Jesuit Academy of Cluj.学院因宗教改革与长土耳其战争于 1605 年停办，后于 1698 年在哈布斯堡支持下以克卢日耶稣会学院的名义重开。

• It was granted the title Universitas by Maria Theresa in 1753, and from the beginning of the eighteenth century it was entitled to award scientific degrees.1753 年，该机构获玛丽亚·特蕾西亚授予「 Universitas 」即大学之名，并自 18 世纪初起有权授予科学学位。

• Following the dissolution of the Society of Jesus in 1773, the university was taken over by the Piarist teaching order, which was responsible for modernising education.1773 年耶稣会解散后，大学由虔劳会接手，该修会负责推进教育的现代化。

• The Faculty of Law was established in 1774 and the Faculty of Medicine followed in 1775, each made up of a number of departments.法学院于 1774 年设立，医学院随后于 1775 年设立，两者各由若干系组成。

• King Joseph II downgraded the university to a Royal College of the Academy in 1784, which hindered its progress, though it remained the largest college of Transylvania.国王约瑟夫二世于 1784 年把大学降格为学院的皇家学院，阻碍了其发展，尽管它仍是特兰西瓦尼亚规模最大的学院。

• The Faculty of Theology was closed in 1786, while the other faculties continued to teach a wide range of subjects, including economics and the sciences.神学院于 1786 年被裁撤，其余学院则继续教授包括经济学与自然科学在内的广泛学科。

• After the Civic Revolution and War of Independence of 1848–1849, the Faculty of Arts and the Faculty of Law were closed, with the latter continuing as an independent academy from 1863.1848 至 1849 年的市民革命与独立战争之后，文艺学院与法学院被关闭，后者自 1863 年起作为一所独立学院继续存在。

• The predecessor of the modern university was the University of Kolozsvár, founded in 1872 by Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria as a four-faculty institution on the European model.现代大学的前身是 1872 年由奥地利皇帝弗朗茨·约瑟夫一世创办的科洛兹瓦尔大学，仿欧洲模式设四个学院。

• Its faculties were arts, languages and history, law and political sciences, mathematics and sciences, and medicine, and 269 students enrolled in its first school year.其四个学院为文艺语言与历史、法律与政治学、数学与自然科学、医学，首个学年共录取 269 名学生。

• The university became the Ferenc József University of Cluj in 1881, after which student numbers grew sharply and it became an important centre of education at national level.该大学于 1881 年更名为克卢日费伦茨·约瑟夫大学，此后学生人数急剧增长，成为全国重要的教育中心。

• After the unification of Transylvania with Romania in December 1918 the university was evacuated, and in 1921, following the Trianon Treaty, it began to operate in Szeged.1918 年 12 月特兰西瓦尼亚与罗马尼亚合并后，大学撤离，1921 年依据特里亚农条约开始在塞格德运作。

• At that time the institution had 62 functioning departments within its four faculties, and between 1922 and 1931 teaching hospitals were built along the river Tisza.当时该机构在四个学院内设有 62 个正常运作的系，并于 1922 至 1931 年间沿蒂萨河兴建教学医院。

• Among its teachers was Albert Szent-Györgyi, one of the founders of the Faculty of Science, who received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937 for his work on vitamin C.其教师中包括理学院创始人之一阿尔贝特·圣捷尔吉，他因维生素 C 的研究获 1937 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• In 1940 the university was divided into two legally separate entities, a smaller part moving back to Cluj while the larger part remained in Szeged as Miklós Horthy University.1940 年，大学被分为两个法律上独立的实体，较小的一部分迁回克卢日，较大的部分留驻塞格德并名为米克洛什·霍尔蒂大学。

• Following the Soviet occupation of Szeged in October 1944 the university took the name University of Szeged, and entrance examinations and teacher training became important features of its work.1944 年 10 月苏军占领塞格德后，学校改称塞格德大学，入学考试与师范培训成为其工作的重要部分。

• With the new constitution of 1949, Russian-language teaching and the teaching of Marxism–Leninism were introduced, and academic titles and ranks were renamed.随着 1949 年新宪法颁布，俄语教学与马克思列宁主义教学被引入，学术头衔与等级也重新命名。

• In 1951 the Faculty of Medicine was separated as an independent institution, later named the Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, while the other faculties became the Attila József University.1951 年医学院脱离出去成为独立机构，后名为阿尔贝特·圣捷尔吉医科大学，其余学院则组成阿蒂拉·尤若夫大学，这一分设持续近半个世纪。

• On 1 January 2000 the higher-education institutions of Szeged were unified as the University of Szeged, which began with ten faculties and later reached twelve.2000 年 1 月 1 日，塞格德各高等教育机构合并为塞格德大学，起初设十个学院，后增至十二个。

• In 2010 the university acquired the title research university, and in 2014 the ELI-ALPS Research Institute was inaugurated to study attosecond light pulses.2010 年，学校获得研究型大学称号，2014 年 ELI-ALPS 研究所落成，从事阿秒光脉冲研究。

• In 2021 the university senate voted in favour of an operative transformation, so that the university would be sustained by a state-established foundation instead of operating as a public university.2021 年，学校校务委员会表决支持运营改革，使学校由国家设立的基金会维持，而不再以公立大学方式运作。

Academics

• The university is made up of twelve constituent faculties and nineteen doctoral schools, and each faculty functions autonomously under its own dean, who is appointed for five years.学校由十二个组成学院与十九个博士学校构成，各学院在其院长领导下自主运作，院长任期为五年。

• The faculties cover law, medicine, arts, dentistry, health sciences and social work, economics and business administration, pharmacy, education, agriculture, engineering, science and informatics, and music.各学院涵盖法学、医学、文艺、牙医学、健康科学与社会工作、经济与工商管理、药学、教育、农业、工程、科学与信息学，以及音乐，门类齐备。

• The Faculty of Agriculture is based at Hódmezővásárhely, where it teaches agricultural and food-science subjects alongside its research work.农学院设于霍德梅泽瓦沙海伊，在开展研究的同时教授农业与食品科学学科。

• Its nineteen doctoral schools cover some 700 research areas, and fourteen research groups are supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.其十九个博士学校覆盖约 700 个研究领域，并有十四个研究团队获匈牙利科学院支持。

• Researchers at the university have produced about 25,000 publications, 41 patents and 52 know-hows in journals and at conferences.学校研究者在期刊与会议上累计产出约 25000 篇论文、41 项专利与 52 项技术诀窍。

• The university employs 1,713 full-time professors and teaches about 21,000 students across 134 majors, offering 52 full-time degree programmes.学校聘有 1713 名全职教授，在 134 个专业培养约 21000 名学生，并开设 52 个全日制学位课程。

• It is a collegiate institution, with departments grouped into institutes inside each faculty, and institutes subdivided into the smallest organisational level of departments.它是一所学院联合式机构，各系在学院内归入研究所，研究所再细分为最小组织单位即系。

• Medicine, pharmacy, dental studies, architecture, law and teacher training remain single-cycle undivided programmes in the Hungarian degree system.在匈牙利学位体系中，医学、药学、牙医学、建筑、法学与师范培训仍属单一学制的贯通课程。

• Undergraduate programmes last three to four years and lead to a bachelor's degree, usually requiring 180 or 240 credit points and the writing of a thesis.本科课程为期三至四年，授予学士学位，通常需修满 180 或 240 学分并撰写学位论文。

• Postgraduate programmes last one or two years and lead to a master's degree, and doctorate programmes are offered as an optional further course of study.研究生课程为期一至两年，授予硕士学位，博士课程则作为可选的进阶学习方向开设。

• Admission requires the Matura school-leaving examination, and in some programmes students must also pass a practical examination or an aptitude test.入学要求通过高中毕业会考（Matura），部分专业还须通过实践考试或能力测试。

• Tuition is generally state-financed, and students choose between a state-financed track that needs more points and a self-financed track they may later change.学费通常由国家资助，学生可在需要更高分数的国家资助轨道与可稍后调整的自费轨道之间选择。

• The university operates the Health Centre of the University of Szeged, an extensive teaching hospital responsible for public regional healthcare.学校运营塞格德大学健康中心，这是一所承担区域公共医疗的庞大教学医院。

• It also runs three laboratory schools that combine public education with teacher-training responsibilities.学校还开办三所实验学校，把公共教育与师范培训职责结合起来。

• Teacher education is a five- or six-year undivided study path in which prospective teachers choose two majors, which may belong to the same faculty or to different ones.师范教育是五或六年制的贯通学习路径，未来教师须选择两个专业，两者可属同一学院，也可分属不同学院。

• The Teacher Training Centre coordinates teacher education across the faculties of humanities and social sciences, education, science, and arts.师范培训中心在人文学与社会科学、教育、理学以及文艺各学院之间协调师范教育。

• Its research infrastructure includes the Biological Research Centre and the ELI-ALPS Research Institute, which studies attosecond light pulses.其研究设施包括生物研究中心与 ELI-ALPS 研究所，后者研究阿秒光脉冲。

• OpenAlex records about 56,168 research works and more than 2.89 million citations for the university, reflecting a broad research profile.OpenAlex 记录该校约 56168 件研究作品、被引逾 289 万次，体现其广泛的研究布局。

• The university operates six university presses, and it runs English-taught programmes, particularly in medicine, dentistry and pharmacy, for its international students.学校设有六家大学出版社，并为国际学生开设英文授课课程，尤以医学、牙医学与药学为著。

Campus

• The University of Szeged has an urban campus, meaning that its buildings are scattered through the city centre rather than forming one continuous campus.塞格德大学采用城市型校园，即其建筑散布于市中心，而非构成一整片连续的校区。

• The main administrative building, the Rector's Office, stands on Dugonics Square, while the twelve faculties occupy several buildings across downtown Szeged.主要行政建筑校长办公楼位于杜戈尼奇广场，而十二个学院分布于塞格德市中心的数栋建筑之中。

• Important buildings include the research institutes arranged in a U-shape around Dóm Square and the Attila József Study and Information Centre on Ady Square.重要建筑包括环绕多姆广场呈 U 形排布的研究所，以及位于阿迪广场的阿蒂拉·尤若夫学习与信息中心。

• The Study and Information Centre houses the Klebelsberg Library, the Career Centre, the Students' Service Office and many study spaces.学习与信息中心内设克莱贝尔斯贝格图书馆、职业中心、学生服务处以及众多自习空间。

• The university has ten dormitories for Hungarian and international students, and the Health Centre resembles a campus, with its teaching hospitals in one area.学校为匈牙利本国与国际学生设有十座宿舍，健康中心则形似一处校区，其教学医院集中于同一区域。

• The SZTE Botanic Garden is a 24-acre garden outside the city centre, home to more than 40 protected species whose natural habitats are found only in Hungary.SZTE 植物园是市中心外一座 24 英亩的园地，栽有 40 余种仅以匈牙利为天然栖息地的受保护物种。

• The Astronomical Observatory of Szeged, opened on 6 July 1992 after a 400 mm telescope was gifted by a partner institution in Odessa in 1985, stands next to the botanic garden.塞格德天文台邻近植物园，其缘起是 1985 年敖德萨一所合作机构赠送的 400 毫米天文望远镜，天文台于 1992 年 7 月 6 日启用。

• The recorded geographic position of the university is latitude 46.253 and longitude 20.14824, placing it near the southern border of Hungary close to Serbia and Romania.学校登记的地理坐标为北纬 46.253、东经 20.14824，位于匈牙利南部边境附近，靠近塞尔维亚与罗马尼亚。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed 633rd in the world, the position it holds in the table to which this entry belongs.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校列全球第 633 位，即其在本条目所属榜单中的名次。^[1]

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 1001-1200 band, the same band recorded for it in the 2026 edition.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把该校列入第 1001-1200 档，2026 年版同一榜单亦为相同档位。

• In the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities table the university is listed at 891st, a specific numeric rank rather than a banded range.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列第 891 位，为具体名次而非档位区间。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, published by ShanghaiRanking, places the university in the 501-600 band.由软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名把该校列入第 501-600 档。

• OpenAlex records about 56,168 works and 2,897,448 citations, a substantial research output for a Hungarian university outside Budapest.OpenAlex 记录约 56168 件作品、2897448 次被引，对布达佩斯以外的匈牙利高校而言产出可观。

• The university has been ranked the best university in Hungary for ten years in a row according to the QS World University Rankings, a position confirmed across successive editions.据 QS 世界大学排名，该校连续十年被评为匈牙利最佳大学，这一地位在历次榜单中均获确认。

• Two of its scientists have won Nobel Prizes, Albert Szent-Györgyi in Physiology or Medicine in 1937 and Katalin Karikó in the same category in 2023.其科学家中有两位获诺贝尔奖，分别为 1937 年获生理学或医学奖的阿尔贝特·圣捷尔吉，与 2023 年获同一奖项的考里科·卡塔琳。

• Sixteen of its professors are full members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and 114 hold the academy's doctor of science degree.其教授中有十六人为匈牙利科学院正式院士，114 人持有该院科学博士学位。

• In 2010 the university was granted the title research university, underlining its research-intensive character among Hungarian institutions.2010 年，学校获授研究型大学称号，凸显其在匈牙利各高校中研究密集的特征。

• In 2014 its operating budget stood at about US$220 million, reflecting the scale of its teaching hospital and research activities across the faculties.2014 年，学校运营预算约为 2.2 亿美元，反映其教学医院与各学院研究活动的规模。

Student life

• The university records no single formal Latin motto, and its identity rests on its 1581 foundation, its Nobel laureates and its cultural figures.学校并无单一正式拉丁校训，其身份标识依托 1581 年的创校年份、其诺贝尔奖得主与其文化人物。

• The Szeged Universitas has grown through the union of several institutions, including the Attila József University, the Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University, the Gyula Juhász Teacher Training College and the Franz Liszt Musical College.塞格德大学由多所机构合并而成，其中包括阿蒂拉·尤若夫大学、阿尔贝特·圣捷尔吉医科大学、尤哈斯·久洛师范培训学院与弗朗茨·李斯特音乐学院。

• Its best-known alumna, Katalin Karikó, donated a copy of her Nobel Prize to the Klebelsberg Library, where it has been displayed since April 2024.其最知名的校友考里科·卡塔琳把诺贝尔奖的正式复制件捐赠给克莱贝尔斯贝格图书馆，自 2024 年 4 月起陈列于此。

• The university's Klebelsberg Library is named after Kuno Klebelsberg, a former minister of religion and public education, and a relief of his portrait was installed in 2012.学校的克莱贝尔斯贝格图书馆以曾任宗教与公共教育部长库诺·克莱贝尔斯贝格命名，2012 年馆内还安设了他的肖像浮雕。

• The Attila József Study and Information Centre, opened in 2004, combines the library, career services and study spaces in a single building on Ady Square.2004 年启用的阿蒂拉·尤若夫学习与信息中心，在阿迪广场的一栋建筑内汇集图书馆、职业服务与自习空间。

• The Botanic Garden and the Astronomical Observatory offer science lessons and public open evenings, with the observatory open to the public on Friday nights.植物园与天文台提供科学课程与公众开放夜，天文台于每周五晚间向公众开放。

• The university's laboratory schools educate school pupils while training student teachers, and the Báthory Laboratory Grammar School is rated the best high school in Szeged.学校各实验学校在培养实习教师的同时教育中小学生，其中巴托里实验文法学校被评为塞格德最佳中学。

• Student life is rooted in Szeged, Hungary's third-largest city, whose riverside setting and summer festivals shape the character of the university town.学生生活扎根于匈牙利第三大城市塞格德，其滨河环境与夏季节庆塑造了这座大学城的性格。

• The university's ten dormitories accommodate Hungarian and international students, forming a large part of the city's student population.学校的十座宿舍容纳匈牙利本国与国际学生，构成该城学生人口的一大部分。

• Its best-known annual traditions include summer festivals in Szeged's riverside squares and the open-air theatre festival held in the area of Dóm Square.其最著名的年度传统包括塞格德滨河广场的夏季节庆，以及在多姆广场一带举行的露天戏剧节。

Notable people

• Albert Szent-Györgyi, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937 for his work on vitamin C, was a professor at the university and one of the founders of its Faculty of Science.因维生素 C 研究获 1937 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的阿尔贝特·圣捷尔吉曾任该校教授，也是其理学院的创始人之一。

• Katalin Karikó, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2023 for mRNA research, is an alumna and later a research professor at the university.因 mRNA 研究获 2023 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的考里科·卡塔琳是该校校友，其后又任该校研究教授。

• Attila József, one of Hungary's greatest poets, studied at the university, which was once named after him.匈牙利最伟大的诗人之一阿蒂拉·尤若夫曾就读于该校，该校一度以他命名。

• Gyula Juhász, a poet and teacher, is another literary figure associated with the institution, and a teacher-training college was named after him.诗人兼教师尤哈斯·久洛是与该校相关的另一位文学人物，一所师范培训学院曾以他命名。

• Miklós Radnóti, a poet killed during the Second World War, studied at the university before his death.在第二次世界大战期间遇害的诗人拉德诺蒂·米克洛什生前曾就读于该校。

• István Bibó, a political scientist and statesman, is counted among the university's faculty and alumni.政治学家与政治家比博·伊什特万被列入该校的教师与校友之中。

• Krisztián Cser, a Hungarian opera singer, is an alumnus of the university.匈牙利歌剧演唱家切尔·克里斯蒂安是该校校友。

• László Lovász, a mathematician who won the Abel Prize, is linked to the university's mathematical tradition.获阿贝尔奖的数学家洛瓦什·拉斯洛与该校的数学传统相关联。

• Lipót Fejér, Alfréd Haar and Frigyes Riesz, pioneering Hungarian mathematicians, helped build the university's mathematical school, which became internationally known in analysis.匈牙利数学先驱费耶尔·利波特、哈尔·阿尔弗雷德与里兹·弗里杰什，共同奠定了该校的数学学派，该学派在分析学领域享有国际声誉。

• Béla Szőkefalvi-Nagy, a mathematician of the Szeged school, was a professor at the university.塞格德学派的数学家瑟凯法尔维-纳吉·贝拉曾任该校教授。

• Zoltán Bay, a physicist known for his work in radar and space research, was a professor at the university.以雷达与太空研究闻名的物理学家拜·佐尔坦曾任该校教授。

• Natasa Janics and Anita Márton, an Olympic canoeist and an Olympic shot putter, are counted among the university's athletes.奥运会皮划艇选手亚尼奇·娜塔莎与奥运会铅球选手玛尔通·安妮塔，被列入该校运动员之列。

• László Rovó, the current rector and a professor of medicine, leads the institution and represents it at national level.现任校长、医学教授罗沃·拉斯洛领导该校，并在国家层面代表学校。