University of Santiago de Compostela

The University of Santiago de Compostela (Galician: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, abbreviated USC) is a public research university based in the historic city of Santiago de Compostela in Galicia, in north-western Spain, and it also maintains a second campus in the city of Lugo.圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉大学（加利西亚语 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela，简称 USC）是西班牙西北部加利西亚地区、历史名城圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉的一所公立研究型大学，并在卢戈市另设第二校区。

It is among the oldest universities in continuous operation anywhere in Europe, tracing its teaching lineage to a grammar school opened in 1495 and to a papal foundation whose bull was approved in 1504 and confirmed by Clement VII in 1526.它是欧洲学脉延续最古老的大学之一，其教学渊源可上溯至 1495 年开办的一所文法学校，以及 1504 年获批、并于 1526 年经克雷芒七世确认的教廷创校。

The university teaches roughly 25,000 students through some 25 faculties and more than sixty official degrees, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it is placed joint 629th in the world.该校通过约 25 个学院、60 余个官方学位培养约 25000 名学生，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中并列全球第 629 位。

History

• The university's roots lie in 1495, when the solicitor López Gómez de Mazoa founded a school for the poor, known as the Grammatic Academy, in the monastery of San Paio de Antealtares with the help of the abbot of San Martiño Pinario.学校渊源于 1495 年，当时法务官洛佩斯·戈麦斯·德马索阿在圣派奥·德安泰阿尔塔雷斯修院、会同圣马丁尼奥·皮纳里奥修院院长，创办了一所面向贫民的学校，即「文法学院」。

• Pope Julius II recognised the institution through a bull issued in 1504, although the definitive founding bull was granted only later, by Clement VII in 1526, which gave the school a durable legal standing.1504 年教宗尤利乌斯二世以教谕承认该机构，而具决定性的创校教谕迟至 1526 年才由克雷芒七世颁下，使学校获得稳固的法律地位。

• A decisive consolidation came with Alonso III de Fonseca, who was named archbishop of Santiago de Compostela in 1507 and who bought the old Pilgrim's Hospital and built the Santiago Alfeo College, later known as the Fonseca College.决定性的巩固来自阿隆索三世·德丰塞卡，他于 1507 年获任命为圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉大主教，购下旧朝圣者医院并兴建圣地亚哥阿尔费奥学院，该院后称丰塞卡学院。

• In 1555 the institution began to distance itself from strictly religious instruction under Cardinal Juan Álvarez de Toledo, opening the way for other academic fields such as the emerging experimental sciences.1555 年，学院在枢机胡安·阿尔瓦雷斯·德托莱多推动下开始摆脱纯宗教教学，为实验科学等新兴学科开辟空间。

• At the end of the sixteenth and the beginning of the seventeenth century the San Patricio College, or College of the Irish, was founded, while the San Xerome College was moved to the site it still occupies today.16 世纪末至 17 世纪初，圣帕特里西奥学院（又称爱尔兰学院）成立，圣谢罗梅学院则迁至其今日仍在使用的现址。

• These early colleges gathered all branches of learning into single buildings where students lived as boarders, and the main disciplines were theology, grammar and arts, soon complemented by law and medicine.这些早期学院把各门学问汇集于一栋栋楼内，学生寄宿其间，主要学科为神学、文法与文艺，其后又增补法学与医学。

• The eighteenth century brought a profound transformation, as the university freed itself from the control of the religious orders but also surrendered part of its autonomy to the centralising forces of the Spanish monarchy.18 世纪带来深刻变革，大学摆脱了天主教修会的控制，却也把部分自治权让渡给日益集权的西班牙王室。

• It was during this period that Charles III granted the university the title of Regia, or Royal, and its seal gained the Royal Crown above the arms of Castile, León and Galicia along with the emblems of its founders.正是在此期间，卡洛斯三世授予该校「Regia」即皇家称号，校徽遂在卡斯蒂利亚、莱昂与加利西亚纹章之上加饰王冠，并配以创校者的徽记。

• After expelling the Jesuits, Charles III handed their lands and buildings in Santiago to the university, thereby establishing the core of the modern institution and restoring degrees in experimental physics and chemistry.驱逐耶稣会士后，卡洛斯三世把其在圣地亚哥的土地与建筑划归大学，由此奠定近代校体之基，并恢复实验物理与化学等学位。

• At the start of the twentieth century a new generation of intellectuals associated with the university revitalised Galician cultural life, and the institution expanded its buildings, adding the Faculty of Geography and History and a residence hall in 1930.20 世纪初，一批与该大学关系密切的知识分子复兴了加利西亚的文化生活，学校亦扩建校舍，增设地理与历史学院，并于 1930 年建成一座学生宿舍。

• Women were first admitted to university studies in the 1913-1914 academic year, and the institution began forming agreements with foreign universities, notably with Portuguese institutions of higher education.女性于 1913 至 1914 学年首次获准进入大学学习，学校也开始与外国大学订立协议，尤以葡萄牙的高等教育机构为多。

• The military rising against the Republic and the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War brought the university a new rector and rules such as praying before and after each lesson, while anti-Franco opposition in Santiago came largely from its middle-class intellectuals and students.反共和国的军事起事与西班牙内战爆发，给学校带来新的校长与课前课后祈祷等规定，而圣地亚哥反佛朗哥的抵抗主要来自该校的中产知识分子与学生。

• The University of Santiago de Compostela was the first university in Galicia, and during the 1980s two additional campuses were established at A Coruña and Vigo, both fully dependent on it at first.圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉大学是加利西亚的第一所大学，1980 年代又在拉科鲁尼亚与维戈设立两处附属校区，起初均完全依附于它。

• Later that decade those two campuses became independent universities, able for the first time to issue their own official degree titles, and in 1990 the Ferrol school was amalgamated into the University of A Coruña.该年代后期，两处校区独立为大学，首次得以自行颁发官方学位，1990 年费罗尔学校并入拉科鲁尼亚大学。

• Following the 1978 Spanish Constitution and the arrival of democracy, Galicia gained autonomous status with Galician as an official language alongside Spanish, and it now has three universities, each with its own campuses.1978 年西班牙宪法颁行、民主到来后，加利西亚获得自治地位、加利西亚语与西班牙语并列为官方语言，如今拥有三所各有校区的大学。

• In June 2024 the university's governing council adopted a new doctoral studies regulation that governs doctoral training and the award of doctoral degrees across its faculties.2024 年 6 月，学校治理委员会通过了新的博士研究条例，用以规范各学院的博士培养与博士学位授予。

• The university's facilities today cover more than 130 hectares, and in 2009 it received the accreditation of Campus of International Excellence from Spain's Ministry of Education.学校设施如今占地逾 130 公顷，并于 2009 年获西班牙教育部授予「国际卓越校园」认定。

• In 1995 the university celebrated its 500th anniversary, marking five centuries since the grammar school of 1495 and the papal foundation recognised in 1504.1995 年学校庆祝建校 500 周年，纪念自 1495 年文法学校与 1504 年获得承认的教廷创校以来的五个世纪。

• In 2006 the university, together with the Consortium of Santiago de Compostela, established the ConCiencia programme, which has awarded the Fonseca Prize for science communication since 2008.2006 年，学校与圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉联合会共同设立 ConCiencia 计划，该计划自 2008 年起颁发丰塞卡科学传播奖。

• By the 2024/25 academic year the institution enrolled 25,532 students across 41 centres that include 23 faculties, two higher technical schools and three affiliated university schools.至 2024/25 学年，学校在 41 个中心注册学生达 25532 人，其中包括 23 个学院、2 所高等技术学校与 3 所附属大学学校。

• During the twentieth century the university's library grew through new endowments, among them the American Library, and its buildings spread through the historic centre of Santiago de Compostela.20 世纪，学校图书馆通过美国图书馆等新的捐赠不断扩充，其建筑也逐步遍布圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉的历史中心区。

Academics

• The USC is organised into about 25 faculties and more than eighty departments, offering 48 bachelor's degrees, 10 double degrees, 76 master's degrees and some seventy own degrees across five broad fields.USC 下辖约 25 个学院、80 余个系，在五大门类下开设 48 个学士学位、10 个双学位、76 个硕士学位与约 70 个自设学位。

• Among its degree-granting centres are 23 faculties, two higher technical schools, three affiliated university schools and two affiliated specialised-study centres, spread across two cities.其学位授予中心包括 23 个学院、2 所高等技术学校、3 所附属大学学校与 2 所附属专门研究中心，分布于两座城市。

• Teaching spans five broad fields, namely the health sciences, the physical sciences, the social sciences, technical studies and the humanities, reflecting the breadth of the institution.教学覆盖五大门类，即健康科学、自然科学、社会科学、技术学科与人文学科，体现学校的学科广度。

• The university employs 2,185 teaching staff, and its human resources include more than 2,000 teachers involved in study and research together with over 1,000 administrative and service staff.学校聘有 2185 名教学人员，人力资源中含逾 2000 名从事教学与研究的教师，以及逾 1000 名行政与后勤人员。

• Enrolment stands at 25,532 students in official degrees for 2024/25, while the university also serves about 30,000 Spanish and 3,000 international course participants in its continuing-education programmes.2024/25 学年官方学位注册学生为 25532 人，学校同时在其继续教育计划中服务约 30000 名西班牙学员与 3000 名国际课程学员。

• The university offers more than 1,300 places in its halls of residence and runs a wide range of cultural and sports activities for the student body.学校在宿舍提供逾 1300 个床位，并为学生群体开设丰富的文化与体育活动。

• Research is conducted across the faculties and at named institutes, including the Institute of Agricultural Biodiversity and Rural Development, created in 2001 on the Lugo campus.研究在各学院及具名研究所开展，其中包括 2001 年在卢戈校区创设的农业生物多样性与农村发展研究所。

• The university's library, the BUSC, holds more than 1,000,000 volumes together with several manuscripts of great value, and it ranks among the largest academic libraries in Galicia.学校图书馆 BUSC 馆藏逾 100 万册，另有若干珍贵手稿，在加利西亚各高校图书馆中名列前茅。

• Its health-science teaching is supported by the University Hospital Complex of Santiago de Compostela, one of the principal clinical networks of Galicia and a base for medical and nursing training.其健康科学教学由圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉大学医院联合体支撑，后者是加利西亚主要的临床网络之一，也是医学与护理培训的基地。

• OpenAlex records about 77,360 research works and more than 5.7 million citations for the university, a body of scholarly output unmatched by any other institution in Galicia.OpenAlex 记录该校约 77360 件研究作品、被引逾 570 万次，其学术产出体量在加利西亚无出其右。

• The doctoral studies regulation adopted in June 2024 governs the university's doctoral programmes and the award of doctoral degrees across all of its faculties.2024 年 6 月通过的博士研究条例，规范学校全部学院的博士培养与博士学位授予。

• The Fonseca Prize, awarded since 2008, recognises outstanding work in science communication and is closely linked to the university's ConCiencia programme.自 2008 年起颁发的丰塞卡奖表彰科学传播的杰出工作，与学校的 ConCiencia 计划紧密关联。

• Faculty-level research is documented in the university's research portal, which lists thousands of publications each year across the natural sciences, the humanities and the social sciences.院系层面的研究收录于学校科研门户，每年登记自然科学、人文与社会科学领域的数千项成果。

• The university is a partner of the College of Law in Wroclaw and takes part in the Compostela Group of Universities, a network formed to preserve the heritage of the Way of St. James.学校是弗罗茨瓦夫法学院的合作院校，并参与圣地亚哥集团大学网络，该网络为守护圣雅各朝圣之路遗产而设。

• Admission to its degrees rests on the Spanish university entrance examination, and the university publishes each official degree curriculum through the Regional Government Gazette of Galicia.其学位招生以西班牙大学入学考试为基础，学校经加利西亚自治区政府公报公布每项官方学位课程。

• Its Higher Technical Engineering School has attracted 580 funded projects worth about 68.7 million euros since 1988, reflecting the institution's sustained research capacity.其高等技术工程学院自 1988 年以来获得 580 个资助项目、金额约 6870 万欧元，体现学校持续的研究实力。

• The university also maintains a teaching hospital in Santiago and works with affiliated centres for specialised studies in health, the law and other professional fields.学校还在圣地亚哥设有教学医院，并与附属中心在健康、法学等专业领域开展专门研究。

• The Faculty of Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine are among the oldest teaching units of the institution, both linked to its nineteenth- and twentieth-century expansion.理学院与医学院是该校最早的教学单位之一，两者均与其 19 至 20 世纪的扩张相联系。

Campus

• The university has two campuses, the Santiago campus with its North and South zones and the Lugo campus in the province of Lugo, together housing more than 40 teaching centres.学校有两处校区，即圣地亚哥校区（含北区与南区）与卢戈省的卢戈校区，两者合计容纳 40 余个教学中心。

• The Santiago campus is divided into the historic centre, the northern Campus Vida and the southern campus, and it houses most of the faculties together with the central administration.圣地亚哥校区分为历史中心区、称「Campus Vida」的北区与南区，多数学院与中央行政机构均设于此。

• The Fonseca College, built in the sixteenth century, remains the emblematic building of the university and today serves as its rectorate, the seat of the rector's office.建于 16 世纪的丰塞卡学院至今仍是学校的标志性建筑，如今作为校长办公楼、即校长办公室所在地使用。

• The Rector's Office is housed in the San Xerome College, a fifteenth-century college refounded in the university's early history and still bearing its historic cloister.校长办公室设于圣谢罗梅学院，该院为 15 世纪的学院，在学校早期历史中重新设立，至今仍保有历史回廊。

• The Lugo campus houses the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and the Faculty of Humanities, together with the Institute of Agricultural Biodiversity and Rural Development created in 2001.卢戈校区设有兽医学院与人文学院，以及 2001 年创设的农业生物多样性与农村发展研究所。

• The university's facilities cover more than 130 hectares, or about 320 acres, distributed between Santiago de Compostela and Lugo, with teaching buildings, research institutes and sports grounds.学校设施占地逾 130 公顷（约 320 英亩），分布于圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉与卢戈两地，含教学楼、研究所与体育场地。

• The recorded geographic position of the university is latitude 42.88052 and longitude minus 8.54569, placing it in north-western Spain on the pilgrim route of the Way of St. James.学校登记的地理坐标为北纬 42.88052、西经 8.54569，位于西班牙西北部、圣雅各朝圣之路沿线上。

• Library and sports facilities are distributed across both campuses, and more than 1,300 places are offered in university halls of residence for students.图书馆与体育设施分布于两处校区，大学宿舍为学生提供逾 1300 个床位。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed joint 629th in the world, the position it holds in the very table to which this entry belongs.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校并列全球第 629 位，即其在本条目所属榜单中的名次。^[1]

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place USC in the 801-1000 band, after the 601-800 band recorded for the institution in the 2026 edition of the same table.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把 USC 列入第 801-1000 档，2026 年版同一榜单曾列第 601-800 档。

• In the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities table the university is listed at 503rd, a specific numeric rank rather than a banded range.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列第 503 位，为具体名次而非档位区间。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, published by ShanghaiRanking, places USC in the 501-600 band, keeping it within the world's leading research universities.由软科发布的 2026 年世界大学学术排名把 USC 列入第 501-600 档，使其保持在全球领先研究型大学行列。

• OpenAlex records about 77,360 works and 5,777,693 citations, one of the largest research outputs of any university in Galicia.OpenAlex 记录约 77360 件作品、5777693 次被引，是加利西亚各大学中最大的科研产出之一。

• Nationally the university ranks fifth among Spain's best universities and fourth among public institutions, according to an assessment by the Complutense University of Madrid and IAIF.据马德里康普顿斯大学与 IAIF 的评估，该校在西班牙最佳大学中列第五、公立机构中列第四。

• In 2009 Spain's Ministry of Education named USC a Campus of International Excellence, recognising it among the country's most prestigious universities.2009 年西班牙教育部将 USC 列为「国际卓越校园」，确认其跻身该国最负盛名的大学之列。

• The university's research strength is concentrated in the health sciences, chemistry, physics and agricultural sciences, with hundreds of funded projects recorded since 1988.学校科研优势集中于健康科学、化学、物理与农业科学，自 1988 年以来记录在案的资助项目数以百计。

• Its library and documentary heritage, including the BUSC collection of more than a million volumes, underpin a long scholarly tradition in Galicia and northern Portugal.其图书馆与文献遗产，包括馆藏逾百万册的 BUSC，支撑着加利西亚与葡萄牙北部悠久的学术传统。

• No dedicated subject-table position is carried in the four main tables used here, so the university's discipline standing is documented through national and faculty-level evidence.本条目采用的四大主榜未载该校专门的学科名次，故其学科地位以国内与院系层面的证据呈现。

Student life

• The university records no single formal Latin motto in its public material, and its identity rests instead on the Fonseca College, the 1495 foundation date and the Way of St. James.学校公开材料中并无单一正式拉丁校训，其身份标识转而依托丰塞卡学院、1495 年的创校年份与圣雅各朝圣之路。

• Since Galicia gained autonomy, Galician has been an official language alongside Spanish, and much of the university's campus life is conducted bilingually.自加利西亚获得自治以来，加利西亚语与西班牙语并列为官方语言，学校校园生活大多以双语进行。

• The institution's patronal feast is tied to the Apostle James, whose shrine in Santiago de Compostela draws pilgrims from across Europe along the Camino.学校的守护圣人庆典与使徒雅各相关，其在圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉的圣殿吸引全欧朝圣者沿朝圣之路而来。

• The ConCiencia programme, run since 2006, invites the world's leading scientists to Santiago and has awarded the Fonseca Prize for science communication since 2008.自 2006 年运作的 ConCiencia 计划邀请世界顶尖科学家到访圣地亚哥，并自 2008 年起颁发丰塞卡科学传播奖。

• More than 1,300 places are offered in university halls of residence, and the university operates extensive cultural and sports activities for its students throughout the year.大学宿舍提供逾 1300 个床位，学校全年为学生开设丰富的文化与体育活动。

• Student life centres on Santiago de Compostela, a historic pilgrimage city and the seat of the regional government of Galicia, which shapes the character of the university quarter.校园生活以圣地亚哥德坎波斯特拉为中心，这座城市为历史悠久的朝圣地，也是加利西亚自治区政府所在地，形塑了大学城的气质。

• Students publish cultural and academic media, and the university maintains museums that conserve its five-century heritage of teaching and scholarship.学生刊行文化与学术媒体，学校也设有博物馆以保存其五世纪的教学与学术遗产。

• The two campuses in Santiago and Lugo give the university both an urban student quarter and a smaller provincial campus culture rooted in the Galician interior.圣地亚哥与卢戈两处校区，使学校兼具城市学生社区与扎根加利西亚内陆的较小省城校园文化。

Notable people

• Mariano Rajoy, prime minister of Spain from 2011 to 2018 and leader of the People's Party from 2004 to 2018, graduated in law from the university.2011 至 2018 年任西班牙首相、2004 至 2018 年任人民党领袖的拉霍伊·马里亚诺毕业于该校法学专业。

• Manuel Fraga, third president of the Xunta de Galicia from 1990 to 2005 and founder of the People's Party, was both a professor and an alumnus of the institution.1990 至 2005 年任加利西亚自治区政府第三任主席、人民党创始人的弗拉加·曼努埃尔既是该校教授也是校友。

• Alberto Núñez Feijóo, president of the Xunta de Galicia since 2009, studied law at Santiago before entering regional and national politics.自 2009 年起任加利西亚自治区政府主席的费霍·阿尔韦托·努涅斯，在步入地方与国家政坛前曾在圣地亚哥攻读法律。

• Emilio Pérez Touriño, fourth president of the Xunta de Galicia from 2005 to 2009, is counted among the university's political alumni.2005 至 2009 年任加利西亚自治区政府第四任主席的佩雷斯·图里尼奥·埃米利奥，被列入该校政治界校友。

• Elena Espinosa, Spanish minister of agriculture and fishing from 2004 to 2010, studied at the university before entering government.2004 至 2010 年任西班牙农业与渔业大臣的埃斯皮诺萨·埃莱娜，在步入政府前曾就读于该校。

• Abel Caballero, Spanish minister of public works and transport from 1985 to 1988 and mayor of Vigo from 2007, graduated in economics from Santiago.1985 至 1988 年任西班牙公共工程与交通大臣、自 2007 年任维戈市长的卡瓦列罗·阿韦尔毕业于圣地亚哥大学经济学专业。

• Antonia Ferrín Moreiras, a mathematician, professor and the first Galician woman astronomer, studied and later taught at the university.数学家、教授、加利西亚第一位女性天文学家费林·莫雷拉斯·安东尼娅，先在该校求学，后在校任教。

• Alfonso Daniel Rodríguez Castelao, the writer, artist and politician, trained as a medical doctor at the university before becoming a leading Galician cultural figure.作家、艺术家与政治家阿方索·丹尼尔·罗德里格斯·卡斯特拉奥在该校修读医学，其后成为加利西亚举足轻重的文化人物。

• Ramon Otero Pedrayo, a professor of geography, writer and politician, taught at the university and shaped its regional intellectual tradition.地理学教授、作家与政治家奥特罗·佩德拉约·拉蒙在该校任教，形塑了学校的区域学术传统。

• Gonzalo Torrente Ballester, the novelist and philosopher who won the Cervantes Prize in 1985, was a professor at Santiago.1985 年塞万提斯奖得主、小说家与哲学家托伦特·巴列斯特尔·贡萨洛是该校教授。

• Darío Villanueva Prieto, professor of Spanish literature and a former director of the Real Academia Española, studied and taught at the university.西班牙文学教授、西班牙皇家语言学院前院长的比利亚努埃瓦·普列托·达里奥在该校求学并任教。

• Celia Brañas, a scientist and teacher who campaigned for women's access to the scientific community in Spain, was closely linked to the university.为西班牙女性进入科学界而奔走呼吁的科学家与教师布拉尼亚斯·塞莉娅与该校渊源深厚。

• Jimena Fernández de la Vega, a physician and researcher born in 1895, is numbered among the university's scientific women of the early twentieth century.生于 1895 年的医师与研究者费尔南德斯·德拉维加·希梅娜，被列入该校 20 世纪初的女性科学工作者。