University of Santiago, Chile

The University of Santiago, Chile (Usach) is a public state research university in Santiago, the capital of Chile, and one of the oldest public universities in the country, with more than 175 years of continuous history.智利圣地亚哥大学（Universidad de Santiago de Chile，简称 Usach）是智利首都圣地亚哥的一所公立国立研究型大学，也是该国最早的公立大学之一，延续办学逾 175 年。

It traces its origin to the Escuela de Artes y Oficios founded on 6 July 1849 by Ignacy Domeyko under President Manuel Bulnes, becoming the Universidad Técnica del Estado in 1947 and the University of Santiago de Chile in 1981.其源头为 1849 年 7 月 6 日在总统曼努埃尔·布尔内斯执政时期由伊格纳齐·多梅伊科创办的艺术与工艺学校，1947 年成为国立技术大学，1981 年改为现名智利圣地亚哥大学。

With seven faculties, a School of Architecture, 72 undergraduate programmes, about 25,000 students and placed 551st in the QS World University Rankings 2027, Usach is accredited by CNA-Chile for the maximum seven years.该校设有 7 个学院、1 所建筑学院与 72 个本科项目，约有 25,000 名学生，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 551 位，并获得智利国家认证委员会最长期限七年的认证。

History

• The institution's founding document was a decree of 6 July 1849 that created the Escuela de Artes y Oficios under President Manuel Bulnes, with Manuel Montt as minister of justice, worship and public instruction.该校的创办文书是 1849 年 7 月 6 日的一道法令，依此在总统曼努埃尔·布尔内斯执政下设立艺术与工艺学校，当时曼努埃尔·蒙特任司法、宗教与公共教育部长。
• The school was founded on the initiative of Ignacy Domeyko, a Polish-Chilean scientist and educator who sought to promote scientific and technical development in the young republic.学校由伊格纳齐·多梅伊科倡议创办；这位波兰裔智利科学家兼教育家力图推动这个年轻共和国的科学与技术发展。
• Teaching began with four workshops, in mining, mechanics, casting and carpentry, and students aged between 15 and 18 learned algebra, geometry, trigonometry, technical drawing, physics and chemistry.教学起初设采矿、机械、铸造与木工四个工坊；15 至 18 岁的学生在此学习代数、几何、三角、制图、物理与化学。
• Students also studied Spanish, history and geography, and the four-year course was extended to five years in 1858, with graduates known as apprentices.学生还修读西班牙语、历史与地理；四年制课程于 1858 年延长为五年，毕业生被称为学徒。
• In 1886 the school moved to a larger building at Quinta Normal, where it remains, and in 1912 it began training industrial sub-engineers, later known as technicians.1886 年，该校迁入金塔诺马尔一处更大的建筑并沿用至今；1912 年起开始培养工业准工程师，后称技术员。
• By 1936 the school was able to grant Industrial Engineering degrees, adding a tertiary qualification to its secondary-level arts and crafts awards.到 1936 年，该校已能授予工业工程学位，从而在中等层次的工艺文凭之外增添了高等层次资格。
• During the presidency of Gabriel González Videla, Decree with Force of Law No. 1831 of 9 April 1947 merged the School of Arts and Crafts with mining schools and technical institutes across Chile to form the Universidad Técnica del Estado.在加布里埃尔·冈萨雷斯·维德拉总统任内，1947 年 4 月 9 日的第 1831 号具有法律效力法令把艺术与工艺学校同智利各地的矿业学校与技术学院合并，组成国立技术大学。
• Those merged bodies included the Copiapó Mining School of 1857, the La Serena Mining School of 1887 and the Antofagasta Mining School of 1918, and the Industrial Design Schools of Temuco and Valdivia.并入的机构包括 1857 年的科皮亚波矿业学校、1887 年的拉塞雷纳矿业学校与 1918 年的安托法加斯塔矿业学校，以及特木科与瓦尔迪维亚的工业设计学校。
• The new university also absorbed the Industrial Engineering School of Santiago, founded in 1940, and the Technical Pedagogy Institute, becoming the country's leading centre for applied engineering and industrial technician training.这所新大学还并入了 1940 年创办的圣地亚哥工业工程学校与技术教育研究所，成为全国应用工程与工业技术员培训的领军机构。
• On 8 February 1952 the first statute was enacted, allowing the grouping to function as a university in legal, administrative and academic terms, and its first president was Octavio Valenzuela Lazo, serving from March 1952.1952 年 2 月 8 日，首部章程颁行，使这一合并体得以在法律、行政与学术上作为大学运作；其首任校长为奥克塔维奥·巴伦苏埃拉·拉索，自 1952 年 3 月起任职。
• In 1958 the Teknos, the university's performing troupe, was founded, and in 1959 the Universidad Técnica del Estado radio station was launched with outlets in the towns where the university was present.1958 年，该校的表演团体 Teknos 成立；1959 年，国立技术大学广播电台开播，并在该校设有机构的城镇设立分台。
• Academic activity in that period remained with four faculty councils under the tuition of the university council, and a second organisational statute was enacted under Decree with Force of Law No. 2 of 1971.那一时期的教学事务由四个学院理事会负责、受大学理事会统辖；1971 年又以第 2 号具有法律效力法令颁布了第二部组织章程。
• In 1968, amid the university reform movement of 1967 to 1973, Enrique Kirberg Baltiansky became rector, the only rector of the university ever fully elected by faculty and students.1968 年，在 1967 至 1973 年大学改革运动期间，恩里克·基尔贝格·巴尔蒂安斯基出任校长，成为该校历史上唯一由教师与学生完全选举产生的校长。
• In 1971, during the government of Salvador Allende, the revised statutes of the Universidad Técnica del Estado were approved.1971 年，在萨尔瓦多·阿连德执政时期，国立技术大学的修订章程获得批准。
• During the 1973 coup Kirberg was removed from his post and imprisoned by the military regime, the statutes previously approved were declared void, and appointments were made entirely by the military government.1973 年政变期间，基尔伯格被军政府免职并监禁；此前批准的章程被宣布作废，人事任命完全由军政府掌控。
• The musician and poet Víctor Jara, who worked as a professor at the university, was arrested by Pinochet's forces, tortured and murdered days later.在该校任教的音乐家兼诗人维克多·哈拉被皮诺切特的部队逮捕、遭受酷刑，数日后遇害。
• In 1981 the military regime, through Decree with Force of Law No. 23 of 21 March 1981, divided the headquarters of the Universidad Técnica del Estado, giving rise to new universities and professional institutes.1981 年，军政府通过 1981 年 3 月 21 日第 23 号具有法律效力法令，拆分国立技术大学的总部，催生了一批新的大学与专业学院。
• The Santiago headquarters became the University of Santiago de Chile, while other sites became separately named institutions such as the University of Atacama, the University of Antofagasta and the University of La Serena.圣地亚哥总部成为智利圣地亚哥大学，而其他校址则成为各自命名的机构，例如阿塔卡马大学、安托法加斯塔大学与拉塞雷纳大学。
• Further successors included the University of Bío-Bío, the University of La Frontera, the University of Los Lagos and the University of Magallanes, so that Usach is one of the heirs of the traditional state technical university.后续机构还包括比奥比奥大学、拉弗龙特拉大学、洛斯拉戈斯大学与麦哲伦大学，因此圣地亚哥大学是这所传统国立技术大学的继承者之一。
• Usach's home occupies the site of the old School of Arts and Crafts in the municipality of Estación Central, and one of its symbols is the planetarium built in the 1980s.该校校址位于埃斯塔西翁中央区，即旧艺术与工艺学校所在地；其标志之一便是 1980 年代建成的天文馆。
• By the mid-twentieth century the merged institution was training the technicians and engineers needed by Chilean industry, and its applied-engineering tradition made it the country's leading centre in that field.到二十世纪中叶，这一合并后的机构正为智利工业培养所需的技术员与工程师，其应用工程传统使之成为该领域的全国领军者。

Academics

• Usach has seven faculties, namely Engineering, Business Administration and Economics, Science, Chemistry and Biology, Medical Sciences, Humanities and Technology, together with a School of Architecture and a Bachillerato programme.该校设有 7 个学院，即工程、工商管理与经济、理学、化学与生物、医学科学、人文以及技术学院，此外还有建筑学院与一个通识学士项目。
• The university offers 72 undergraduate programmes and 63 active postgraduate programmes comprising 18 doctorates and 45 master's degrees, plus 308 continuing-education programmes.该校开设 72 个本科项目与 63 个在办研究生项目（含 18 个博士与 45 个硕士），另有 308 个继续教育项目。
• Around 18,000 undergraduates study in more than 60 majors within the faculties of engineering, science, humanities, medical sciences and technology, while master's and doctoral candidates form the postgraduate balance of the student body.约 18,000 名本科生在工程、理学、人文、医学科学与技术等学院修读 60 多个专业，硕士与博士研究生则构成学生群体中的研究生部分。
• The academic body is made up entirely of staff holding a doctorate, a master's degree or a medical specialisation, a standard the university sets for its teaching and research.该校学术队伍全部由拥有博士、硕士或医学专科资格的教师组成，这是校方对教学与科研设定的标准。
• Research is conducted across engineering, natural sciences, medical sciences, chemistry and biology, and the humanities, with doctoral programmes in each broad field.其研究横跨工程、自然科学、医学科学、化学与生物以及人文学科，各领域均设有博士项目。
• The Faculty of Engineering is the largest, reflecting the institution's origin as a school of arts and crafts dedicated to applied technology.工程学院规模最大，这反映该校源自一所专注于应用技术的艺术与工艺学校。
• The Faculty of Business Administration and Economics functions as the university's Business School, and together with the Faculty of Humanities it offers programmes in management, economics, education, psychology and social sciences.工商管理与经济学院担当该校的商学院，并与人文学院一道开设管理、经济、教育、心理学与社会科学等课程。
• The Faculty of Medical Sciences operates as the university's Medical School and trains physicians and health professionals, associated with clinical services in Santiago.医学科学学院作为该校的医学院运作，培养医生与卫生专业人员，并同圣地亚哥的临床服务相衔接。
• The Faculty of Chemistry and Biology and the Faculty of Science support laboratory-based teaching and research in the physical and life sciences.化学与生物学院及理学院为物理与生命科学的实验教学与研究提供支撑。
• The Faculty of Technology and the School of Architecture maintain the university's long tradition of technical, industrial and design education.技术学院与建筑学院延续着该校在技术、工业与设计教育方面的悠久传统。
• Postgraduate teaching is organised through the university's Graduate School, which runs doctoral and master's programmes in science, engineering, social sciences and the humanities.研究生教学由该校研究生院组织，开设理学、工程、社会科学与人文学科等领域的博士与硕士项目。
• The university also runs continuing-education and professional programmes that serve working professionals across Chile, covering topics from engineering and health to public management and the arts.该校还开办继续教育与专业课程，服务智利全国的在职专业人士，内容涵盖从工程、健康到公共管理与艺术等领域。
• Research output on OpenAlex records about 24,960 works and more than 720,000 citations associated with the university.OpenAlex 记录到与该校相关的学术成果约 24,960 项、引用逾 72 万次。
• The university operates the Liceo Experimental Artístico, a school it administers as part of its outreach to the community and through which secondary pupils gain access to the university's artistic and cultural programmes.该校运营一所实验艺术中学，作为其面向社区延伸服务的一部分，中学生借此得以接触大学的艺术与文化项目。
• Usach maintains student and staff organisations including the Feusach students federation and the Afusach staff association, which take part in university governance.该校设有学生与教职工组织，包括 Feusach 学生联合会与 Afusach 教职工协会，它们参与大学治理。
• International cooperation is pursued through agreements with universities abroad, including partnerships signed to promote research and academic mobility.该校通过与海外大学签订协议开展国际合作，其中包括为促进科研与学术流动而签署的伙伴关系。
• Usach's engineering and technology teaching traces its lineage to the four original workshops of mining, mechanics, casting and carpentry that opened in 1849, and several of its modern laboratories continue that practical tradition.圣地亚哥大学的工程与技术教学可追溯到 1849 年开办的采矿、机械、铸造与木工四个原始工坊，其若干现代实验室仍延续着这一实践传统。

Campus

• Usach's activities are centred on a single campus of about 340,000 square metres in the municipality of Estación Central in Santiago, which hosts almost all of its faculties.该校的各项活动集中于圣地亚哥埃斯塔西翁中央区一处约 34 万平方米的单一校园，几乎全部学院都设于此。
• The campus is home to historic national monuments such as the Arts and Crafts School and to the Casa Central, an architectural landmark of Chilean modernity.校园内有艺术与工艺学校等历史性国家古迹，也有体现智利现代性的建筑地标「中央之家」。
• The University of Santiago Planetarium covers 13,380 square metres, with a building, square, gardens, a water mirror and parking for 100 cars.圣地亚哥大学天文馆占地 13,380 平方米，配有建筑、广场、花园、水镜与可容纳 100 辆车的停车场。
• Its astronomical dome is 22 metres in diameter and uses a Carl Zeiss model VI projector to simulate the southern and northern night skies.其天文穹顶直径 22 米，使用卡尔蔡司 VI 型投影仪模拟南天与北天的夜空。
• Estadio Usach is a multi-use stadium in central Santiago that holds 3,000 people and was long used for football matches.圣地亚哥大学体育场是圣地亚哥市中心的一座多功能体育场，可容纳 3,000 人，长期用于足球比赛。
• The campus is open to the public, and visitors can walk among the historic buildings of the old Arts and Crafts School, which has been listed as a national monument.校园对公众开放，访客可在旧艺术与工艺学校的各历史建筑间漫步，该校址已被列为国家古迹。
• One heritage site, the Arts and Crafts School at Quinta Normal, dates from 1886, the year the school moved there.位于金塔诺马尔的工艺学校自 1886 年迁入起便是历史遗产，那一年正是学校迁址之年。
• The university also maintains the radio and television facilities from which Usach Radio and Santiago Televisión broadcast to Santiago and its surroundings.该校还运营广播与电视设施，Usach 电台与 Santiago Televisión 由此向圣地亚哥及其周边播出。

Reputation

• Usach is placed 551st in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2027, reflecting its standing among Chile's leading public universities in that global table.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，智利圣地亚哥大学位列世界第 551 位，体现其在这份全球榜单上作为智利主要公立大学的地位。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 1601-1800 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第 1601 至 1800 区间。
• In the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the university is placed 1163rd in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名中，该校位列世界第 1163 位。
• The university does not appear in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026, so it is absent from that edition of the Shanghai ranking.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名，不在这份榜单之中。
• In the QS Latin America University Ranking 2023 the university ranked fourth among Chilean universities and 14th in Latin America, and its academic Senate and Curriculum Committee oversee the approval and quality of its degree programmes.在 2023 年 QS 拉丁美洲大学排名中，该校位列智利各大学第四、拉丁美洲第十四；其学术评议会与课程委员会负责学位项目的审批与质量。
• In 2017 Times Higher Education ranked the university within the 401-500 band globally, its strongest showing in that table.2017 年，泰晤士高等教育曾将该校列入全球第 401 至 500 区间，是其在那一榜单上的最佳表现。
• Its accreditation by the National Accreditation Commission runs from February 2021 to February 2028 for seven years, one of only five Chilean universities with maximum accreditation and the longest period available under the Chilean quality-assurance system.其国家认证委员会的认证自 2021 年 2 月延续至 2028 年 2 月，为期七年，是全国仅有五所获最高认证的大学之一，也是智利质量保障体系所允许的最长期限。
• By 2026 the university counted 177 years of history, celebrated each July from the founding of its predecessor school in 1849, a milestone marked with ceremonies, lectures and public events across the campus.到 2026 年，该校已拥有 177 年历史，每年 7 月依其 1849 年前身学校的创办而庆祝，并以横跨校园的典礼、讲座与公众活动纪念这一里程碑。
• OpenAlex records about 24,960 works and over 720,000 citations, underlining the university's research weight within the Chilean public system.OpenAlex 记录其约 24,960 项成果与逾 72 万次引用，凸显该校在智利公立体系中的科研分量。
• In recent national rankings the university has again been placed third among Chilean universities according to its own reports, and it also figures in the regional tables compiled for Latin America.据校方消息，在近年的全国排名中，该校再次位列智利各大学第三，并出现在面向拉丁美洲编制的区域榜单之中。
• In national and regional rankings the university has consistently been placed among the leading state universities of Chile, alongside the University of Chile and the University of Concepción.在全国与区域排名中，该校与智利大学、康塞普西翁大学一道，长期位列智利主要国立大学之列。

Student life

• The university has no formal Latin motto, and its identity is carried instead by its shield and by the historic School of Arts and Crafts that founded it.该校没有正式的拉丁文校训，其身份认同改由校徽与创办它的历史性工艺学校来承载。
• The Feusach federation represents students in matters of higher-education policy and university management, acting as a link between students and the authorities, and it also organises cultural and sporting events through the year.Feusach 学生联合会在高等教育政策与大学管理事务上代表学生，是学生与校方之间的纽带，全年还组织各类文化与体育活动。
• The Afusach staff association represents university workers before the university authorities and in matters of civil-service and labour regulation.Afusach 教职工协会在校方以及公务与劳动法规事务上代表该校员工。
• The university's radio and television services provide cultural programmes and local news, and each maintains its own YouTube channel.该校的广播与电视服务提供文化节目与本地新闻，各自设有频道。
• In 2018 the university launched Santiago Televisión on channel 48.1, an online open digital television service broadcasting 24 hours a day in Santiago.2018 年，该校在 48.1 频道推出 Santiago Televisión，这是一项在圣地亚哥全天 24 小时播出的在线开放数字电视服务。
• The planetarium serves as a public science and culture venue, hosting the university's science festival and school programmes, and it ranks among the largest astronomical audiovisual centres of its kind in the world.天文馆充任公共科学与文化场所，承办该校的科学节与面向学校的项目，并且是全球同类天文视听中心中规模最大者之一。
• The Usach stadium and campus sports facilities support student athletics, while cultural events such as the Casa Central esquinazo link the university to Chilean folk traditions.大学体育场与校园体育设施支撑学生运动；而「中央之家」的民间舞蹈表演等活动则把该校与智利民间传统联系起来。
• Because the campus sits in Estación Central, students are connected to the rest of Santiago by metro and bus services that run along the capital's main avenues.由于校园位于埃斯塔西翁中央区，学生可经地铁与沿首都主要大道行驶的公交线路通达圣地亚哥各地。
• The University of Santiago is known for its public and inclusive character, admitting students from across the country through Chile's national admissions system.圣地亚哥大学以其公立与包容的品格著称，通过智利的全国招生系统录取来自全国各地的学生。作为一所国立大学，它把招生与资助政策建立在社会公平之上：学校通过奖学金、助学金以及多项免费或低收费计划，使不同社会经济背景的青年都有机会接受高质量的高等教育；同时，它以培养工程师、科学家、医生、教师与公共管理者为己任，把这些人才视为对国家发展与公共利益的贡献，从而使自身成为智利社会向上流动的重要通道之一；在科研与社会服务方面，该校依托工程、化学与生物、医学科学等学院，与公共部门和企业合作开展应用研究，回应能源、健康、环境与教育等领域的现实需求；作为一所历史悠久的国立大学，它长期参与国家高等教育政策的讨论，维护公立高等教育的公共属性与普及使命，其校园内的天文馆、电台与电视台亦向公众开放，把科学、文化与信息传播作为对社会的回馈，这一公立承诺贯穿于它的教学、科研与社会服务之中，并使其在智利公立高等教育体系中始终保持鲜明的公共品格。

Notable people

• Ignacy Domeyko, the Polish-Chilean scientist and educator, founded the Escuela de Artes y Oficios in 1849, the institution from which Usach descends.波兰裔智利科学家兼教育家伊格纳齐·多梅伊科于 1849 年创办艺术与工艺学校，该校即圣地亚哥大学的前身。
• Octavio Valenzuela Lazo served as the first president of the Universidad Técnica del Estado from March 1952 to March 1953.奥克塔维奥·巴伦苏埃拉·拉索自 1952 年 3 月至 1953 年 3 月出任国立技术大学首任校长。
• Enrique Kirberg Baltiansky, rector from 1968, was the only rector of the university ever fully elected by its faculty and students, and he was imprisoned after the 1973 coup.自 1968 年出任校长的恩里克·基尔贝格·巴尔蒂安斯基，是该校历史上唯一由教师与学生完全选举产生的校长，他在 1973 年政变后遭监禁。
• Víctor Jara, the Chilean singer-songwriter, theatre director and poet who taught at the university, was murdered by the military regime in 1973.在该校任教的智利创作歌手、戏剧导演兼诗人维克多·哈拉于 1973 年被军政府杀害。
• Sergio Campos, a journalist and Usach graduate, received the National Prize in Journalism in 2011.记者、圣地亚哥大学毕业生塞尔吉奥·坎波斯于 2011 年获得国家新闻奖。
• Jeannette Jara, a Usach graduate, became Minister of Labour and Social Security of Chile.圣地亚哥大学毕业生珍妮特·哈拉出任智利劳动与社会保障部长。
• Carlos Caszely, one of Chile's best-known footballers, graduated in journalism from the university.智利最知名的足球运动员之一卡洛斯·卡斯塞利在该校获得新闻学学位。
• Raquel Olea, a writer, professor and cultural critic born in 1944, has served as a faculty member at Usach.生于 1944 年的作家、教授兼文化评论家拉克尔·奥莱亚曾在圣地亚哥大学任教。
• Alicia Herrera Rivera, a feminist lawyer who became a minister of the Court of Appeals of Santiago, is associated with the university's community.女权主义律师、后任圣地亚哥上诉法院法官的阿莉西亚·埃雷拉·里韦拉与该校所在群体相关。
• In 1998 students led by José Zorrilla developed a project to transmit the university radio over the internet, a technology later known as podcasting.1998 年，学生何塞·索里利亚带领的团队开发出通过互联网播送该校电台的项目，这一技术后来被称为播客。
• Fernando Balmaceda directed El Sueldo de Chile in 1971, the first film production of the university's cinema department.费尔南多·巴尔马塞达于 1971 年执导《智利的工资》，这是该校电影系的首部影片作品。
• Manuel Montt, as minister of public instruction in 1849, authorised the decree that created the School of Arts and Crafts, and later became President of Chile.曼努埃尔·蒙特于 1849 年以公共教育部长身份签署设立艺术与工艺学校的法令，他后来成为智利总统。