University of Salzburg

The University of Salzburg (German: Universität Salzburg), also called the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg (Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg, abbreviated PLUS), is a public university in the city of Salzburg, in the Austrian state of Salzburg, and one of the country's oldest institutions of higher learning. It offers programmes in theology, the humanities, law, economics, social sciences, natural sciences and digital and analytical sciences, and it is a member of the CIVIS European University alliance.萨尔茨堡大学（德语：Universität Salzburg），又称萨尔茨堡巴黎·洛德龙大学（Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg，简称 PLUS），是奥地利萨尔茨堡州萨尔茨堡市的一所公立大学，也是该国历史最悠久的高等学府之一。该校开设神学、人文、法律、经济、社会科学、自然科学以及数字与分析科学等课程，并且是 CIVIS 欧洲大学联盟的成员。

Named after its founder, Prince-Archbishop Paris Lodron, it was established in 1622, closed in 1810 and re-established in 1962, and it is today the largest educational institution in the state of Salzburg.该校以创办人巴黎·洛德龙（Paris Lodron）总主教命名，1622 年创办，1810 年停办，1962 年复校，如今是萨尔茨堡州规模最大的教育机构。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Salzburg is placed 572nd globally, and the university has almost 18,000 students across six faculties that together comprise 34 departments and around 90 degree programmes.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，萨尔茨堡大学位列全球第 572 位；该校设有 6 个学院、34 个系与约 90 个学位项目，学生近 18,000 人。

History

• On 23 July 1622 Archbishop Paris Lodron appointed the scholar Albert Keuslin as the first rector of the Benedictine University of Salzburg, which was to be supported by the Salzburg church.1622 年 7 月 23 日，巴黎·洛德龙总主教任命学者阿尔伯特·凯斯林（Albert Keuslin）为本笃会萨尔茨堡大学的首任校长，该校由萨尔茨堡教会提供支持。
• Keuslin, a graduate of the Jesuit University of Dillingen, had established the Akademisches Gymnasium, a secondary school, in Salzburg five years earlier, from which the university grew directly.凯斯林毕业于迪林根耶稣会大学，此前五年已在萨尔茨堡创办了文理中学（Akademisches Gymnasium），这所大学正是直接由该中学发展而来。
• By a resolution of Emperor Ferdinand II issued on 8 October 1622, that Gymnasium was formally raised to the status of a university with the right to grant degrees.根据皇帝斐迪南二世（Ferdinand II）1622 年 10 月 8 日颁布的决议，该文理中学被正式升格为拥有学位授予权的大学。
• While the Thirty Years' War of 1618 to 1648 raged outside the Archbishopric of Salzburg, the university was built up and maintained by a federation of Benedictine abbeys from Salzburg, Switzerland, Bavaria and Austria.在 1618 至 1648 年的三十年战争于萨尔茨堡总教区之外肆虐之时，这所大学由来自萨尔茨堡、瑞士、巴伐利亚与奥地利的本笃会修院联盟筹建并维持。
• In its early years the courses taught were theology, divinity, philosophy, law and medicine, and the institution served as the intellectual centre of the archbishopric.建校初期开设的课程包括神学、神道学、哲学、法学与医学，该校由此成为总教区的思想中心。
• During the Napoleonic Wars the Prince-Archbishopric was secularised as the Electorate of Salzburg in 1803 and placed under Archduke Ferdinand of Austria, who established a Faculty of Medicine at the university.拿破仑战争期间，该总主教区于 1803 年被世俗化为萨尔茨堡选侯国，交由奥地利大公斐迪南统治，他在大学中设立了医学院。
• After Salzburg was annexed by the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, the university was closed on 24 December of that year and replaced by a Lyzeum college with sections for divinity and philosophy, as well as a school for medicine and surgery.1810 年萨尔茨堡被巴伐利亚王国兼并后，大学于当年 12 月 24 日停办，改由一所设神道学与哲学分部以及内外科学校的中级学院（Lyzeum）取代。
• After the Napoleonic Wars Salzburg became part of the Austrian Empire, and in 1850 the divinity section was again converted into a full faculty of the Lyzeum.拿破仑战争后萨尔茨堡并入奥地利帝国，1850 年神道学分部再度升格为该中级学院的正式学院。
• During the First World War of 1914 to 1918 plans were evolved to relocate the Francis Joseph University from Czernowitz to Salzburg, though these were never carried out.在 1914 至 1918 年的第一次世界大战期间，曾有将切尔诺维茨的弗朗茨·约瑟夫大学迁往萨尔茨堡的计划，但最终未能实现。
• The University of Salzburg was not re-established until 1962, when it reopened with a faculty of Catholic theology and a faculty of philosophy.萨尔茨堡大学直到 1962 年才得以复校，当时仅设天主教神学院与哲学院。
• Classes resumed in 1964, and a faculty of law was added the following year, restoring several of the disciplines of the old Benedictine foundation.1964 年复课，次年又增设法学院，恢复了旧日本笃会创校时的若干学科。
• In 1975 a new federal law regulated the organisation of all Austrian universities, and Salzburg created four academic divisions: Catholic Theology, Law, Humanities, and Natural Sciences.1975 年，一部新的联邦法律规范了奥地利所有大学的组织架构，萨尔茨堡据此设立四个学术部门：天主教神学、法学、人文学科与自然科学。
• A fifth division, the Faculty of Medicine, was discussed but never realised at the re-established university.第五个部门即医学院，虽经讨论，但在复校后的大学中始终未能设立。
• In 1995 the organisation of Austrian universities was further restructured to give faculties and departments greater autonomy.1995 年，奥地利大学的组织架构进一步重组，各学院与系获得更大的自主权。
• Through 2004 the university incorporated its new academic programmes into 32 Fachbereiche, or departments, and again decided not to create a Faculty of Medicine.到 2004 年，该校将新的学术项目整合为 32 个系（Fachbereiche），并再次决定不设立医学院。
• Completed in 2011, the Unipark Nonntal campus replaced the old location at the Akademiestraße and became home to the departments of modern languages and of cultural and social sciences.2011 年落成的农塔尔大学园（Unipark Nonntal）校区取代了旧校址，成为现代语言、文化与社会学各系的新址。
• With the new organisation plan that took effect on 1 January 2022, the university was restructured into six faculties covering theology, humanities, sciences, law and economics, and social sciences.随着 2022 年 1 月 1 日生效的新组织方案，该校重组为六个学院，涵盖神学、人文、科学、法律与经济以及社会科学。
• The Salzburg University continues to honour Paris Lodron, the Prince-Archbishop who founded it in 1622, and it is therefore officially known as the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg.萨尔茨堡大学至今仍纪念 1622 年创办该校的巴黎·洛德龙总主教，故其正式名称为萨尔茨堡巴黎·洛德龙大学。
• Bernhard Fügenschuh, a geologist, has served as rector of the university since 2019, leading it through the 2022 reorganisation of its faculties.地质学家伯恩哈德·菲根舒（Bernhard Fügenschuh）自 2019 年起出任该校校长，带领学校完成 2022 年的学院重组。
• In 2021 the Paris Lodron University of Salzburg joined the CIVIS European University alliance as its tenth member and its first Austrian member institution.2021 年，萨尔茨堡巴黎·洛德龙大学加入 CIVIS 欧洲大学联盟，成为其第十个成员，也是首个奥地利成员机构。
• In the centuries after its 1622 foundation the Salzburg academy attracted students from across the Holy Roman Empire, and its theologians, jurists and physicians served the Catholic lands of Central Europe until the institution was suppressed in the Napoleonic era.在 1622 年创校后的数百年间，萨尔茨堡这所学校吸引了来自神圣罗马帝国各地的学生，其神学家、法学家与医师服务于中欧的天主教地区，直到在拿破仑时代被裁撤。

Academics

• The University of Salzburg is organised into six faculties with 34 departments and around 90 degree programmes in digital and analytical, natural and life sciences, social sciences and cultural studies, law and economics, and theology.萨尔茨堡大学设有 6 个学院、34 个系与约 90 个学位项目，涵盖数字与分析科学、自然与生命科学、社会科学与文化研究、法律与经济以及神学。
• The six faculties are Catholic Theology, Arts and Humanities, Digital and Analytical Sciences, Law Business and Economics, Natural and Life Sciences, and Social Sciences.这六个学院分别为天主教神学、人文与艺术、数字与分析科学、法律商业与经济、自然与生命科学以及社会科学。
• Almost 18,000 students are enrolled in bachelor's, master's and doctoral programmes across the faculties and their associated schools and institutes.各学院及其所属院校与研究机构共注册近 18,000 名学士、硕士与博士生。
• Around 2,000 academics shape the university's research profile, supported by a total of about 2,800 employees in research, teaching and administration.约 2,000 名学者塑造了该校的研究面貌，研究、教学与行政方面合计约 2,800 名员工提供支持。
• Research-based teaching is one of the university's trademarks, combining its research services with a broad teaching offer for students in all six faculties.研究导向的教学是该校的标志之一，把科研服务与面向全部六个学院学生的广泛教学结合起来。
• The university uses the PURE research information system to document and share its publications, projects and research activities with the wider public.该校采用 PURE 科研信息系统记录并对外共享其出版物、项目与科研活动。
• The Doctorate School PLUS, the Language Centre and the Career Center respectively support postgraduate researchers, language learning and career development for students and staff.PLUS 博士生院、语言中心与就业中心分别为博士后研究人员、语言学习以及学生与教职员的职业发展提供支持。
• The Unipark Nonntal building houses departments with 5,500 students and 300 academic staff, and includes its own library and an Auditorium Maximum.农塔尔大学园大楼容纳 5,500 名学生与 300 名学术人员，并设有独立图书馆与最大报告厅（Auditorium Maximum）。
• Teaching and research in music and the arts are provided by the Mozarteum University Salzburg, a separate institution that works alongside the university in the same city.音乐与艺术方面的教学与研究由萨尔茨堡莫扎特大学承担，它是同城一所与该校并行运作的独立机构。
• The Faculty of Catholic Theology continues the university's oldest tradition, dating back to the Benedictine University founded in 1622.天主教神学院延续了该校最古老的传统，可追溯到 1622 年创办的本笃会大学。
• The Faculty of Digital and Analytical Sciences, created in the 2022 reorganisation, groups the university's work in data science, computing and analytical methods.2022 年重组中设立的数字与分析科学学院，整合了该校在数据科学、计算与分析方法方面的研究。
• The Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences covers biology, chemistry, physics, geology and related fields across its constituent departments.自然与生命科学学院在其下属各系中涵盖生物学、化学、物理学、地质学及相关领域。
• The Faculty of Law, Business and Economics combines legal training with economics and business studies for undergraduate and postgraduate students.法律商业与经济学院为本科生与研究生提供法律训练与经济学、商业研究相结合的教育。
• The Faculty of Social Sciences and the Faculty of Arts and Humanities cover communication, sociology, political science, history, languages and cultural studies.社会科学学院与人文艺术学院涵盖传播学、社会学、政治学、历史学、语言与文化研究。
• As a member of CIVIS, the university offers joint programmes and mobility with partner institutions such as Aix-Marseille University, Stockholm University and the University of Glasgow.作为 CIVIS 成员，该校与艾克斯-马赛大学、斯德哥尔摩大学与格拉斯哥大学等伙伴机构开设联合项目并提供流动机会。
• In the 2024/25 winter semester the university recorded 15,015 students, of whom 65.1 percent were women, showing a strong female majority in its student body.在 2024/25 冬季学期，该校注册学生为 15,015 人，其中女性占 65.1%，显示其学生群体中女性占明显多数。
• The university's subject spread ranges from Catholic theology and law to digital and analytical sciences, social sciences and cultural studies, giving it one of the broadest disciplinary profiles among Austrian universities of its size.该校的学科范围从天主教神学与法学延伸到数字与分析科学、社会科学与文化研究，使其在同等规模的奥地利大学中拥有最广泛的学科布局之一。

Campus

• The University of Salzburg has no central campus, instead occupying several buildings scattered through Salzburg's historic centre and its immediate surroundings.萨尔茨堡大学没有统一的主校区，而是分布在萨尔茨堡历史城区及其附近一带的若干建筑中。
• Its premises include parts of the Salzburg Residenz building, known as the Toskanatrakt, and several buildings on Kapitelgasse south of Salzburg Cathedral.其校舍包括萨尔茨堡主教宫的一部分（即托斯卡纳翼）以及大教堂以南卡皮特尔巷一带的若干建筑。
• The university library is located between the Kollegienkirche, the University Church, and the Großes Festspielhaus, and a Große Aula, or ceremonial hall, is attached to it.大学图书馆位于大学教堂（Kollegienkirche）与大节日剧院（Großes Festspielhaus）之间，其附属建筑为大礼堂（Große Aula）。
• The traditional Humanities building, housing communication studies, sociology and political science, stands by the Rudolfskai, while the Faculty of Sciences lies just to the south.传统的人文学院大楼（设传播学、社会学与政治学）位于鲁道夫码头旁，理学院则在其南面不远处。
• Completed in 2011, Unipark Nonntal covers 17,000 square metres and was designed in 2002 by the architects Storch Ehlers Partners, with construction taking about three years.2011 年落成的农塔尔大学园占地 17,000 平方米，由建筑师事务所施托尔希·埃勒斯合伙公司于 2002 年设计，施工历时约三年。
• Smaller university offices and institutes are scattered throughout the city, while arts and music teaching is provided at the Mozarteum University Salzburg.规模较小的校部与研究所散布于城市各处，艺术与音乐课程则在萨尔茨堡莫扎特大学授课。
• The university's central address is Kapitelgasse 4-6, 5020 Salzburg, Austria, which also serves as its official contact point.该校的中央校址为奥地利萨尔茨堡 5020 卡皮特尔巷 4-6 号，同时也是其官方联络地点。
• The university pursues a Green Campus initiative and provides student services across these dispersed sites, spread within walking distance of the Salzach river.该校推行绿色校园计划，并在这些分散的校址上提供学生服务，各址均位于萨尔察赫河步行可达的范围之内。
• The university's buildings are concentrated around the Kapitelgasse, Residenzplatz and Nonntal areas, so that most faculties lie within a short walk of Salzburg Cathedral and the Salzach river.该校建筑集中在卡皮特尔巷、主教宫广场与农塔尔一带，多数学院距萨尔茨堡大教堂与萨尔察赫河均只需短程步行。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, the University of Salzburg is placed 572nd in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，萨尔茨堡大学位列全球第 572 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place Salzburg in the 701-800 band globally.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将萨尔茨堡大学列入全球 701 至 800 区间。
• In the U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 Salzburg is ranked 1,233rd in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻最佳全球大学排名中，萨尔茨堡大学位列世界第 1,233 位。^[1]
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places Salzburg in the 901-1000 band worldwide.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将萨尔茨堡大学列入全球 901 至 1000 区间。
• Aggregated analysis of alumni prominence ranks the University of Salzburg 810th in the world, 287th in Europe and eighth in Austria.综合校友影响力的分析将萨尔茨堡大学列为世界第 810、欧洲第 287、奥地利第 8。
• As the largest educational institution in the state of Salzburg, the university plays a dominant role in regional higher education and teacher training.作为萨尔茨堡州规模最大的教育机构，该校在区域高等教育与师资培养中占据主导地位。
• Since 2021 the university has been a member of the CIVIS European University alliance, strengthening its international research and teaching collaborations.自 2021 年起，该校成为 CIVIS 欧洲大学联盟的成员，强化了其国际研究与教学合作。
• OpenAlex attributes 29,804 research works with 1,345,790 citations to the University of Salzburg, reflecting steady output in the humanities, sciences and social sciences.OpenAlex 为萨尔茨堡大学收录 29,804 篇研究成果、被引 1,345,790 次，反映其在人文学科、自然科学与社会科学方面的稳定产出。
• In the 2024/25 winter semester the university enrolled 15,015 students, 65.1 percent of them women, from Austria and many other countries.2024/25 冬季学期，该校注册 15,015 名学生，其中 65.1% 为女性，学生来自奥地利及其他许多国家。
• With around 2,800 employees and about 2,000 academics, the university is one of the largest employers in the city of Salzburg.该校拥有约 2,800 名员工与约 2,000 名学者，是萨尔茨堡市最大的雇主之一。
• As an old Austrian university with around 18,000 students, Salzburg is regularly listed among the larger institutions in the country, though its world ranking places it in the middle tier of international league tables.作为一所拥有约 18,000 名学生的历史悠久的奥地利大学，萨尔茨堡大学常被列为该国规模较大的院校之一，但其世界排名使其处于国际榜单的中游。
• Salzburg's research strengths include cultural studies, digital and analytical methods and Catholic theology, and the university participates in Austrian and European research funding programmes.萨尔茨堡大学的研究优势包括文化研究、数字与分析方法以及天主教神学，该校参与奥地利与欧洲的研究资助项目。

Student life

• The University of Salzburg has no formal university motto, and its identity is carried by its name, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, and by the traditions of its 1622 foundation.萨尔茨堡大学没有正式校训，其身份认同依托于「萨尔茨堡巴黎·洛德龙大学」之名以及 1622 年创校以来的传统。
• The Kollegienkirche, or University Church, serves as a focal point for the university community and hosts concerts, ceremonies and gatherings.大学教堂（Kollegienkirche）是大学社群的聚焦之地，举办音乐会、庆典与集会。
• The Große Aula, attached to the university library, serves as the ceremonial hall for graduations, lectures and official university events.附属图书馆的大礼堂（Große Aula）是举行毕业典礼、讲座与学校官方活动的礼仪厅。
• Student services include a Welcome Day for new students, a Student Counseling Center, a Language Centre and the Career Center for students and staff.学生服务包括面向新生的迎新日、学生咨询中心、语言中心与就业中心，面向学生与教职员开放。
• The university runs a sports programme and a Green Campus initiative that together promote active and sustainable campus life in the city centre.该校设有体育项目与绿色校园计划，共同在市中心倡导积极而可持续的校园生活。
• CIVIS membership gives Salzburg students opportunities to take part in mobility and joint programmes with partner universities across Europe.CIVIS 成员身份让萨尔茨堡学生有机会参与与欧洲各地伙伴大学的流动和联合项目。
• The university provides dedicated information and support services for international students arriving in Salzburg from abroad.该校为从国外抵达萨尔茨堡的国际学生提供专门的信息与支持服务。
• Prominent graduates of the university span physics, music, politics, literature and the arts, reflecting its long cultural role in Austria and beyond.该校的知名毕业生遍及物理学、音乐、政治、文学与艺术领域，体现其在奥地利乃至更广范围内的悠久文化角色。
• The rhythm of the academic year at Salzburg follows Austrian semester dates, with orientation and Welcome Day events at the start of the winter semester and graduation ceremonies held in the Große Aula.萨尔茨堡大学的学年节奏遵循奥地利学期安排，冬季学期之初有迎新与迎接日活动，毕业典礼则在大礼堂（Große Aula）举行。

Notable people

• Paris Lodron, the Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg, founded the university in 1622 and is remembered today in its formal name.萨尔茨堡总主教巴黎·洛德龙于 1622 年创办该校，其名至今仍被铭记于学校的正式名称之中。
• Albert Keuslin, a scholar and graduate of the Jesuit University of Dillingen, became the university's first rector in 1622 and organised its early teaching.学者、迪林根耶稣会大学毕业生阿尔伯特·凯斯林于 1622 年出任该校首任校长，并规划了其早期教学。
• Christian Doppler, the physicist who described the Doppler effect, studied at the University of Salzburg in 1825 and 1826.提出多普勒效应的物理学家克里斯蒂安·多普勒于 1825 至 1826 年在萨尔茨堡大学就读。
• Leopold Mozart, the composer and violinist who was the father and teacher of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, is counted among the university's alumni.作曲家与小提琴家利奥波德·莫扎特是沃尔夫冈·阿马德乌斯·莫扎特之父兼老师，也名列该校校友之中。
• Ivan Illich, the Austrian philosopher and social critic known for his book Deschooling Society, was associated with the university during his career.以著作《去学校化社会》闻名的奥地利哲学家与社会批评家伊万·伊里奇，在学术生涯中与该校有所关联。
• Alois, Hereditary Prince of Liechtenstein, studied at the University of Salzburg and has served as regent of Liechtenstein since 2004.列支敦士登世袭亲王阿洛伊斯曾就读于萨尔茨堡大学，并自 2004 年起担任列支敦士登摄政。
• Prince Constantin of Liechtenstein studied jurisprudence at Salzburg from 1992 to 1997 and later served as chief executive officer of the LGT Group.列支敦士登亲王康斯坦丁于 1992 至 1997 年在萨尔茨堡攻读法学，后出任 LGT 集团首席执行官。
• Karoline Edtstadler, a jurist and politician who became Governor of Salzburg in 2025, studied at the university from 1999 to 2004.法学家与政治人物卡罗琳·埃德斯塔德勒于 1999 至 2004 年在该校就读，并于 2025 年出任萨尔茨堡州长。
• Wolf Haas, an Austrian writer best known for his crime novels featuring the detective Simon Brenner, studied German studies at Salzburg in 1979.以侦探西蒙·布伦纳系列犯罪小说闻名的奥地利作家沃尔夫·哈斯，1979 年在萨尔茨堡攻读德语研究。
• Benita Ferrero-Waldner, an Austrian diplomat and politician, served as Foreign Minister of Austria and later as a European Commissioner.奥地利外交官与政治人物贝妮塔·费雷罗-瓦尔德纳曾任奥地利外交部长，后担任欧盟委员。
• Marco Kreuzpaintner, a German film director and screenwriter, and Sophie Karmasin, a former Austrian minister, are also among the university's graduates.德国电影导演兼编剧马尔科·克罗伊茨派特纳以及奥地利前部长索菲·卡尔马辛，也是该校的毕业生。
• Prokop Diviš, a Czech priest and natural scientist who developed one of the earliest grounded lightning rods, is associated with the university.设计出最早的接地避雷针之一的捷克神父与自然科学家普罗科普·迪维什与该校有所关联。
• Alexandra Föderl-Schmid, an Austrian journalist and deputy editor-in-chief of the Süddeutsche Zeitung, is counted among the university's alumni.奥地利记者、《南德意志报》副总编辑亚历山德拉·弗德尔-施米德（Alexandra Föderl-Schmid）位列该校校友之中。
• Tobias Regner, a German singer and guitarist, and Peter Kohlgraf, the Bishop of Mainz, are also associated with the University of Salzburg as graduates.德国歌手与吉他手托比亚斯·雷格纳（Tobias Regner）以及美因茨主教彼得·科尔格拉夫（Peter Kohlgraf）也作为毕业生与萨尔茨堡大学有所关联。