University of Peshawar

The University of Peshawar, abbreviated UoP and known popularly as Peshawar University, is a public research university in Peshawar, capital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan, founded in 1950 as the first public university established in the province.白沙瓦大学（简称 UoP，通称「白沙瓦大学」）是巴基斯坦开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省首府白沙瓦的一所公立研究型大学，1950 年创建，是该省设立的第一所公立大学。

Its name appears in three local scripts, Pashto, Hindko and Urdu, and the institution today runs undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral programmes through six academic faculties, forty postgraduate departments, eight research centres and two centres of excellence.其校名分别以普什图语、欣德科语与乌尔都语三种文字书写，全校现有 6 个学术学院、40 个研究生学系、8 个研究中心与 2 个卓越中心，开设本科、研究生与博士课程。

Spread over a residential campus of 1,045 acres, the university grew out of Peshawar's Islamia College, an institution so admired by Muhammad Ali Jinnah that he called it his own college and named it an heir to his fortune.校园为住宿型，占地 1,045 英亩，学校由白沙瓦的伊斯兰学院扩展而来，而该院深受国父穆罕默德·阿里·真纳（Muhammad Ali Jinnah）赏识，被他称为「我的学院」并列为遗产继承人。

History

• The institutional line begins in 1913, when Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan conceived and founded the college known as Dar-ul-Ulum Islamia, an educational outpost intended to serve the Pashtun border province of colonial India.其校史线索始于 1913 年，萨希布扎达·阿卜杜勒·卡尤姆·汗（Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan）爵士构想并创办了「伊斯兰学院」（Dar-ul-Ulum Islamia），意在为当时英印的普什图边境省份设立教育前哨。

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah visited that college in 1928 and formed so strong an attachment to it that he habitually referred to it as his own college, a phrase the university still repeats in its account of origins.穆罕默德·阿里·真纳 1928 年到访该院，对其极为赏识，此后常称其为「我的学院」，白沙瓦大学追述校源时仍沿用这一说法。

• In 1939 Jinnah wrote the college into his will as one of three heirs to his fortune, naming it beside Aligarh University and the Sindh Madrassa, the school he had himself attended.1939 年，真纳把该院写入遗嘱，列为其财产的三位继承人之一，另两位是阿里格尔大学与信德神学院，即他本人曾就读的母校。

• For Jinnah a university in this province was a gift to its students, granted in recognition of the part they had played in the making of Pakistan.在真纳看来，在本省设立大学是他送给全省学生的礼物，以表彰他们在巴基斯坦建国过程中所起的作用。

• The same reading of history stressed that it was Pashtun fighters who had opposed the Indians and captured Azad Kashmir, giving the border province a special claim on the new state's resources.同一史观强调，正是普什图人抗击印方并夺取阿扎德克什米尔，使边境省份对新国家的资源具有特殊权利。

• Out of that inheritance the University of Peshawar was founded in 1950 as an expansion of the Islamia College, becoming the first public university to be established in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.1950 年，白沙瓦大学在伊斯兰学院的基础上扩展成立，成为开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省创建的第一所公立大学。

• The new university was formally launched on 30 October 1950, when Pakistan's first prime minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, laid its foundation as the state's first university founded after independence.1950 年 10 月 30 日，巴基斯坦首任总理利亚卡特·阿里·汗（Liaquat Ali Khan）为其奠基，使白沙瓦大学成为巴基斯坦独立后建立的第一所大学。

• Teaching began in a borrowed building of the Government Training School in Peshawar, a site later taken over by the Agricultural Training Institute, before the university moved onto its own land outside the city.建校之初的教学借用了白沙瓦政府培训学校的校舍，该地后来归农业培训研究所使用，学校此后才迁入城外的自有用地。

• In its inaugural year the university had an enrolment of 129 students, of whom exactly one was a woman, a beginning counted in its own institutional record.创校第一年全校仅注册学生 129 人，其中女生只有 1 人，这一数字见于其自身校史记录。

• The first teaching unit it inherited was the Department of Mathematics, established in 1928 inside Islamia College while the college was affiliated to the Punjab University and handed to the new university in 1950.学校接管的第一个教学单位是数学系，该系 1928 年即在附属旁遮普大学的伊斯兰学院内设立，1950 年转入新建的白沙瓦大学。

• That department ran master's level study from its inception, introduced an M.Phil programme in 1992, opened doctoral work in 2001 and converted to the four-year BS format in 2009.该系自设立起即开设硕士层次课程，1992 年增设哲学硕士项目，2001 年开办博士培养，2009 年改行四年制学士课程。

• Economics was organised as a department in 1950, the university's first new appointment after Mathematics, and Arabic followed in 1952, opening the province's teaching of Islamic and classical languages.经济系于 1950 年设立，是接管数学系之后的第一个新学系，阿拉伯语系于 1952 年继起，为本省的伊斯兰古典语言教学开局。

• Science teaching took shape in November 1955 with the Department of Physics, and the sequence continued through 1956 with Persian in April, Geography in May and Urdu in November.理科教学以 1955 年 11 月设立物理系为标志，1956 年又依次成立波斯语系（4 月）、地理系（5 月）与乌尔都语系（11 月）。

• Botany began in February 1958 and Geology in February 1959, then Pashto in August 1961 and Archaeology in March 1962, completing the disciplinary core that the Faculty of Science still rests on.植物学系始于 1958 年 2 月，地质学系始于 1959 年 2 月，普什图语系于 1961 年 8 月、考古学系于 1962 年 3 月相继设立，构成理学院赖以立基的学科核心。

• The Faculty of Law was among the bodies operating from the university's opening in 1950, while the Faculty of Home Economics was constituted in February 1954, the province's first such faculty.法学院是 1950 年学校成立时即在运行的首批机构之一，家庭经济学学院则于 1954 年 2 月组建，为本省此类建制的开端。

• March 1955 saw the founding of the Pashto Academy, the institution charged with the study, standardisation and publication of Pashto language and literature, and September 1955 brought the Institute of Chemical Sciences.1955 年 3 月普什图语学院成立，承担普什图语与文学的研究、规范与出版，同年 9 月化学科学研究所设立。

• Islamic Studies was added as a department in February 1956 and business education arrived with the Quaid-e-Azam Business School, opened on 25 October 1962 and named in honour of Jinnah.伊斯兰研究于 1956 年 2 月设系，商科教育则由 1962 年 10 月 25 日创立的真纳商学院承担，院名旨在纪念国父。

• On 24 July 1964 the university established a memorial college for women also carrying Jinnah's honorific, the step that began to widen access for the female students missing from the 1950 enrolment.1964 年 7 月 24 日，校内设立了同样以真纳尊号命名的女子纪念学院，开始弥补 1950 年注册名册上几近空白的女生来源。

• Research infrastructure advanced in August 1974 when the National Center of Excellence in Geology was created under an act of the parliament, the university's first legislature-founded research body.科研建制在 1974 年 8 月跃进一步，国家地质学卓越中心依议会法案设立，成为本校首个由立法创设的研究机构。

• August 1978 was a second cluster of openings, bringing both the National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry and the Institute of Regional Studies into existence together.1978 年 8 月出现第二波设立潮，物理化学国家卓越中心与区域研究所同日建立。

• Education studies were organised with an institute opened in August 1980, and the Pharmacy Department was established in 1982, first housed inside the physical chemistry centre of excellence.教育学研究随 1980 年 8 月成立的研究所建制化，药学系则于 1982 年设立，最初寄居于物理化学卓越中心内。

• After two years the pharmacy department moved into the newly constructed building on the campus where it remains, having been granted recognition by the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan.两年之后，药学系迁入校园内新建的大楼并沿用至今，其办学资格获得巴基斯坦药学理事会的承认。

• August 1985 opened the Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, followed by the Institute of Management Sciences in June 1995, the Centre for Biotechnology and Micrology in November 2001, the disaster preparedness centre in April 2009 and the peace studies institute in September 2014.1985 年 8 月谢赫扎耶德伊斯兰中心启用，其后依次是 1995 年 6 月的管理科学研究所、2001 年 11 月的生物技术与微生物学中心、2009 年 4 月的防灾与管理中心以及 2014 年 9 月的和平与冲突研究所。

• Degree-awarding status is not self-asserted but confirmed: the university is listed as a recognised institution by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan, competent to confer both undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.其学位授予权并非自称，而是经巴基斯坦高等教育委员会认定为公认院校，可授予本科与研究生学位。

Academics

• The academic machine runs on six faculties with forty postgraduate departments, eight research centres and two centres of excellence, offering programmes for undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral study.全校学术架构为 6 个学院、40 个研究生学系、8 个研究中心与 2 个卓越中心，开设本科、研究生与博士三个层次的课程。

• Departments are grouped into five broad fields of study, arts and humanities, business and social sciences, language and culture, medicine and health, and science and technology.各学系按五大领域归类，即艺术与人文、商业与社会科学、语言与文化、医学与健康、科学与技术。

• Approximately 14,000 enrolled students attend these programmes, a body taught mainly at postgraduate level given that forty of its units are postgraduate departments.约 14,000 名注册学生在校学习，由于其中 40 个教学单位均为研究生学系，其培养重心明显偏向研究生层次。

• The university is credited with research strength in three fields at once, the social sciences, the medical sciences and the natural sciences, with eight of its research centres sited inside the campus.该校的科研强项同时被记于三个领域，即社会科学、医学与自然科学，8 个研究中心均设于校园之内。

• Language teaching is unusually deep for a provincial university, with Arabic from 1952, Persian from 1956, Urdu from 1956 and Pashto from 1961 all established as separate departments.语言教学之深在地方大学中并不多见，阿拉伯语（1952）、波斯语（1956）、乌尔都语（1956）与普什图语（1961）各自独立设系。

• The Pashto Academy, founded in March 1955, is the university's dedicated body for the study and publication of Pashto language and literature, an arm of the province's mother tongue policy as much as of its faculty of languages.1955 年 3 月成立的普什图语学院专门从事普什图语与文学研究和出版，既是语言教学的组成部分，也承担本省母语文化建设的任务。

• Chemistry and its applications are organised through the Institute of Chemical Sciences, opened in September 1955, and the National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, created in August 1978.化学及其应用由 1955 年 9 月设立的化学科学研究所与 1978 年 8 月成立的物理化学国家卓越中心两支承担。

• The Department of Pharmacy, established in 1982 and recognised by the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan, conducts research through groups working in pharmacology, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical analysis and pharmacognosy.药学系成立于 1982 年并获巴基斯坦药学理事会承认，其科研按药理、药剂、药物分析与生药学四个组别展开。

• Pharmacology work there tests compounds of both synthetic and natural origin for effect on pain, inflammation, pyrexia, depression, anxiety, dependence, tolerance and vomiting, together with toxicological screening.该系药理组对合成与天然来源的化合物开展测试研究，观察其对疼痛、炎症、发热、抑郁、焦虑、依赖、耐受与呕吐的作用，并同步进行毒理学检验。

• An animal house with a bioassay laboratory supports these trials and is stated to meet both the research and the academic needs of the university's pharmacy teaching.配有生物检定实验室的实验动物房支撑上述试验，校方记其同时满足药学科研与教学的需求。

• Earth sciences are served by the National Center of Excellence in Geology, an institution of higher learning and research in the geo-sciences created in 1974 under an act of the parliament.地球科学由 1974 年依议会法案设立的国家地质学卓越中心承担，该机构定位为地球科学领域的高等教育与研究单位。

• Business and management education runs through the Quaid-e-Azam Business School, opened on 25 October 1962, and the Institute of Management Sciences, added in June 1995.商科与管理教育由 1962 年 10 月 25 日创立的真纳商学院与 1995 年 6 月增设的管理科学研究所两支承担。

• Life-science and hazard research arrived late but deliberately, with the Centre for Biotechnology and Micrology in November 2001 and the Centre for Disaster Preparedness and Management in April 2009.生命科学与灾害研究虽起步较晚却有规划，2001 年 11 月设生物技术与微生物学中心，2009 年 4 月设防灾与管理中心。

• Peace and conflict scholarship was institutionalised in September 2014, an addition matched by the older Institute of Regional Studies of August 1978 in its concern with the border province.和平与冲突研究于 2014 年 9 月建制化，其议题与 1978 年 8 月成立的区域研究所一脉相承，共同面向本省与边境地区。

• Islamic and Arab studies are hosted by the Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, opened in August 1985 and counted as one of three educational centres financed by the Emir of the United Arab Emirates.伊斯兰与阿拉伯研究由 1985 年 8 月启用的谢赫扎耶德伊斯兰中心承载，该中心是阿拉伯联合酋长国酋长出资建设的三所教育中心之一。

• The whole centre was paid for by the government of the United Arab Emirates while the university donated the land, the Emir establishing a trust for development spending and Pakistan's federal government covering recurring costs.该中心全部工程费用由阿联酋政府出资，土地由白沙瓦大学捐赠，阿联酋酋长另设信托承担发展性支出，巴基斯坦联邦政府负担经常性开支。

Campus

• The campus is a residential site spread over 1,045 acres, about 4 square kilometres, in the university's own accounting, while several Chinese-language reference works round the figure to 1,050 acres.校园为住宿型，校方口径占地 1,045 英亩、约 4 平方公里，若干中文工具书则将其四舍五入记作 1,050 英亩。

• It lies about 10 kilometres from the city of Peshawar and roughly the same distance from the Khyber Pass, a positioning that made the campus a gateway institution for the border region.校园距白沙瓦城约 10 公里，距开伯尔山口亦相近，这一区位使它成为面向边境地区的门户型学府。

• Its address is given on Jamrud Road in the Qadir Abad area of Peshawar, and the site is plotted at about 34.008 degrees north and 71.578 degrees east.校园地址记为白沙瓦卡迪尔阿巴德地区的贾姆鲁德路，位置约在北纬 34.008 度、东经 71.578 度。

• Eight research centres are located inside the campus perimeter rather than in city satellites, so graduate work and laboratory facilities share one continuous site.8 个研究中心皆设于校园范围之内而非城中卫星点，故研究生培养与实验设施共用同一片连续用地。

• The Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre stands on campus land donated by the university itself, the physical anchor of its ties with the Gulf states.谢赫扎耶德伊斯兰中心建于校方自行捐赠的校园用地上，是该校与海湾地区联系的实体锚点。

• The university's first premises were borrowed from the Government Training School in Peshawar, a building later used by the Agricultural Training Institute, before the present campus was laid out.建校初期校舍借自白沙瓦政府培训学校，此楼后归农业培训研究所使用，其时现今校园尚未建成。

• As a residential campus with province-wide intake, it draws students from across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as well as from Peshawar, the arrangement that made it the mother university of the province.作为住宿型校园并面向全省招生，其学生来自开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省各地而非仅限白沙瓦市区，这一格局使它被称为本省母体大学。

• The campus's linguistic environment runs in three directions at once, with the university's name printed in Pashto, Hindko and Urdu and its teaching organised in Pashto, Urdu and English study lines.校园语言环境同时有三条线索，校名分别以普什图语、欣德科语与乌尔都语印制，教学则分普什图语、乌尔都语与英语诸脉络展开。

Reputation

• In the QS 2027 world university rankings the University of Peshawar is placed in the 951-1000 band, reported as a range and shared with a group of institutions rather than given an individual number.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，白沙瓦大学位列第 951-1000 位区间，榜单只给出范围并与一批高校并列，未标单一名次。

• Times Higher Education puts it in the 1001-1200 band for 2027, an interval rather lower than the QS range and again expressed without a precise position.泰晤士高等教育 2027 年世界大学排名将其列为第 1001-1200 位，比 QS 区间更低一档，同样只以区间表述。

• In the 2026-2027 edition of the US News best global universities ranking the university is placed at position 1081, a single-number placing unlike the two band positions above.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列第 1081 位，与上述两个区间名次不同，是单一数值位次。

• No position is recorded for it in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities main list, and neither earlier editions nor subject tables are treated here as a 2026 placing.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜未收录该校，旧版名次与学科榜在此均不作为 2026 年位次依据。

• Bibliometric output stands at 14,502 registered works carrying 492,130 citations in the OpenAlex census, a ratio of roughly thirty-four citations per work.在 OpenAlex 口径下，该校共有成果 14,502 项、被引 492,130 次，篇均被引约 34 次。

• Subject-league positions are not carried in the fact set used here, so the discipline-level credentials that can be stated are institutional: a geology centre of excellence founded by parliamentary act in 1974 and a physical chemistry counterpart opened in 1978.本文所用事实源未收录其学科榜名次，可核的学科级资格因此落在建制层面：1974 年经议会法案设立的地质学卓越中心与 1978 年成立的物理化学卓越中心。

• A third discipline-level credential is external recognition of teaching quality, the acknowledgement of the Pharmacy Department by the Pharmacy Council of Pakistan, which regulates professional pharmacy degrees.第三项学科级资格来自外部认可，即药学系获得规范药学专业学位的巴基斯坦药学理事会承认。

• No Nobel Prize, Turing Award or Fields Medal laureate is recorded among its students, faculty or alumni, and the institution's documented honours are the two national centres of excellence and its commission-recognised status rather than international prizes.其学生、教师与校友中未见诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，可核的荣誉是两座国家卓越中心与高教委认定的办学资格，而非国际大奖。

• Its standing is described in provincial rather than global terms, as one of the oldest universities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the first public university there and an institution rated among the highest in the country.其地位更宜以省内口径描述：它是开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省最古老的高校之一、该省第一所公立大学，并在全国院校评级中位居前列。

Student life

• Around 14,000 students were recorded as attending the university, on a campus designed for residential use rather than as a set of city lecture halls.在校学生约 14,000 人，校园按住宿型格局规划，而非散布于城中的讲舍。

• Entry has changed dramatically since the 129 students of 1950, when a single woman appeared on the roll, and the memorial college for women opened in 1964 widened that access.与 1950 年仅有 129 名学生、其中女生仅 1 人的开局相比，今日规模已判然不同，1964 年女子纪念学院的设立为女性入学打开了通道。

• Graduate study dominates student life, with forty postgraduate departments running M.Phil and doctoral lines, the Mathematics department having taken the M.Phil route in 1992 and doctorates in 2001.研究生生活占据主导，40 个研究生学系开设哲学硕士与博士培养，数学系于 1992 年开设硕士项目、2001 年开设博士项目。

• Undergraduate formation shifted with the four-year BS programme adopted by the Department of Mathematics in 2009, a conversion then running alongside evening classes for working students.本科培养随 2009 年数学系改行四年制学士课程而转变，同期还开设面向在职者的晚间班。

• Mother-tongue literary life gathers around the Pashto Academy, founded in March 1955, and around the Pashto department opened in August 1961, giving students institutions for their own language.母语文学生活围绕 1955 年 3 月成立的普什图语学院与 1961 年 8 月设立的普什图语系展开，使学生在本族语言中拥有专门机构。

• Religious and Arabic study is available inside the campus at the Shaykh Zayed Islamic Centre, opened in August 1985 with Gulf funding and sustained by a trust as well as by federal recurrent spending.校内可从事宗教与阿拉伯语研究，即 1985 年 8 月以海湾资金启用、由信托与联邦经常性拨款共同维持的谢赫扎耶德伊斯兰中心。

• Laboratory-based students use the animal house and bioassay facility built for pharmacology, described as serving the academic as well as the research needs of the university.实验类学生可使用为药理学建设的实验动物房与生物检定设施，校方记其同时服务于教学与科研需求。

• Students from the border districts find here the province's oldest public university, an institution whose intake has served Peshawar and the wider province, including the formerly federally administered tribal areas.来自边境各县的学生在此进入本省最古老的公立大学，其招生范围历来覆盖白沙瓦与全省，也包括原联邦直管部落地区。

Notable people

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder of Pakistan, is the university's symbolic patron: he visited the Islamia College in 1928, called it his own college and in 1939 named it an heir to his fortune.巴基斯坦国父穆罕默德·阿里·真纳（Muhammad Ali Jinnah）是本校的精神象征：他 1928 年到访伊斯兰学院，称之为「我的学院」，并于 1939 年将其列为遗产继承人。

• Sir Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan, who founded the precursor college in 1913, is credited with planting the first seed of the university, an idea he pursued in a border province with few institutions of higher learning.萨希布扎达·阿卜杜勒·卡尤姆·汗（Sahibzada Abdul Qayyum Khan）爵士于 1913 年创办前身伊斯兰学院，被记为播下本校第一颗种子的人，他在高等教育机构稀少的边境省份推进这一构想。

• Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistan's first prime minister, laid the university's foundation on 30 October 1950, tying the institution's beginning to the executive of the new state.巴基斯坦首任总理利亚卡特·阿里·汗（Liaquat Ali Khan）于 1950 年 10 月 30 日为该校奠基，使学校的开端与新国家的行政首脑直接相连。

• Shaykh Zayed ibne Sultan Al-Nahyan, Emir of the United Arab Emirates, financed the campus Islamic centre and created a trust for its development, one of three such centres he supported, the others in Karachi and Lahore.阿拉伯联合酋长国酋长谢赫扎耶德·本·苏尔坦·阿勒纳哈扬（Shaykh Zayed ibne Sultan Al-Nahyan）资助校内伊斯兰中心并设立发展信托，他所支持的此类中心共三处，另两处位于卡拉奇与拉合尔。

• R. A. Khan Tahirkheli was the founder director of the National Center of Excellence in Geology, the research body created by parliamentary act in 1974 that still defines the university's earth-science profile.R·A·汗·塔希尔赫利（R. A. Khan Tahirkheli）是国家地质学卓越中心的首任主任，这一 1974 年经议会法案设立的研究机构至今定义着该校地球科学的格局。

• His successors at the geology centre were M. Qasim Jan from 1988, then Syed Hamidullah from January 2001, M. Asif Khan from 2002 and Hamidullah again from 2003, a rotation recorded in the centre's own history.该中心继任主任依次为 1988 年上任的 M·卡西姆·詹（M. Qasim Jan）、2001 年 1 月的赛义德·哈米杜拉（Syed Hamidullah）、2002 年的 M·阿西夫·汗（M. Asif Khan）以及 2003 年再度接任的哈米杜拉。

• Syed Hamidullah died in an air crash, after which M. Asif Khan again took direction of the centre, an ending that the institution records among its own losses.赛义德·哈米杜拉死于空难，此后 M·阿西夫·汗再度主持该中心，校方将此事记入自身损失。

• Among figures formed at the precursor Islamia College were Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, political leader and founder of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, and Abdul Rab Nishtar, a close associate of Jinnah and later governor of Punjab.在前身伊斯兰学院受教的知名人物包括普什图政治领袖、胡达伊·希德马加尔运动创始人汗·阿卜杜勒·加法尔·汗（Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan），以及真纳的亲密战友、后任旁遮普省省长的阿卜杜勒·拉布·尼沙塔尔（Abdul Rab Nishtar）。

• The same college counts Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi, mathematician and Islamic scholar who founded the Khaksar Movement, and Roedad Khan, senior civil servant who served as governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and of Sindh.同一学院还培养出数学家与宗教学者、哈克萨尔运动创始人伊纳亚特乌拉·汗·马什里克（Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi），以及曾任开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省与信德省省长的资深文官罗达德·汗（Roedad Khan）。

• Pashto letters are represented by Hamza Shinwari and Ajmal Khattak, both formed at the college that preceded the university, poets whose work the campus's Pashto institutions continue to edit and study.普什图文学方面哈姆扎·辛瓦里（Hamza Shinwari）与阿吉马尔·哈塔克（Ajmal Khattak）最具代表，二人均出身于大学前身的那所学院，其作品至今仍由校内普什图语机构整理研究。