University of Pavia

The University of Pavia, in Italian Università degli Studi di Pavia and in Latin Alma Ticinensis Universitas, is a public research university in the city of Pavia in Lombardy, Italy, with teaching attested as early as 1361, and it is one of the oldest universities in the world, now organised into eighteen departments and nine faculties.帕维亚大学，意大利语名为（Università degli Studi di Pavia），拉丁语名为（Alma Ticinensis Universitas），是位于意大利伦巴第大区帕维亚市的一所公立研究型大学，其教学最早可追溯至 1361 年，是世界上历史最悠久的大学之一，现设十八个系与九个学院。

It was the only university in greater Lombardy until the end of the 19th century, and in 2025 it counted about 26,400 students including 2,800 international students, offering 105 bachelor's and master's programmes, of which 27 are taught in English.直至 19 世纪末，它一直是伦巴第大片地区唯一的大学；2025 年该校约有 26,400 名学生，其中包含 2,800 名国际学生，开设 105 个学士与硕士项目，其中 27 个以英语授课。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 395th, in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it stands in the 401-450 band, in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities it is 364th, and in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it falls in the 401-500 band, while OpenAlex credits it with 96,633 research works and 8,869,891 citations.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中该校位列第 395，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中处于 401 至 450 区间，在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 364，在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中处于 401 至 500 区间，OpenAlex 统计其研究成果 96,633 项、累计被引 8,869,891 次。

History

• In AD 825 the capitular of the Frankish emperor Lothar I established a school of rhetoric at Pavia for the officials of the kingdom, which is the earliest evidence of higher education in the city.公元 825 年，法兰克皇帝洛泰尔一世的敕令在帕维亚为王国官员设立了一所修辞学校，这是该市高等教育最早的确证。

• In 1361 Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, established the studium generale at Pavia and granted it the privileges of Paris and Bologna, with teaching in canon and civil law, philosophy, medicine and the liberal arts.1361 年，神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理四世在帕维亚设立（studium generale）总学，并授予其与巴黎、博洛尼亚相同的特权，教授教会法与民法、哲学、医学和自由技艺。

• Under Gian Galeazzo Visconti, the first duke of Milan, the university was expanded, and in 1389 Pope Boniface IX allowed it to teach advanced theology.在米兰首任公爵吉安·加莱亚佐·维斯孔蒂治下，该校规模扩大，1389 年教皇博尼法斯九世又准许其教授高等神学。

• For most of its history it was the only university in the Duchy of Milan, and it remained the sole university in greater Lombardy until the end of the 19th century.在其历史的大部分时间里，它是米兰公国唯一的大学，直到 19 世纪末仍是伦巴第大片地区唯一的高等学府。

• In 1412 Filippo Maria Visconti consolidated the separate universities of jurisprudence and of arts into one body and forbade its students to attend other universities.1412 年，菲利波·玛丽亚·维斯孔蒂把分立的法学与技艺两所大学合并为一体，并禁止其学生转往其他大学就读。

• In the 15th century its teachers included the jurists Baldo degli Ubaldi, Lorenzo Valla and Giasone del Maino, while Elia di Sabato da Fermo taught medicine as the first professor of the Jewish religion at a European university.15 世纪，该校教师包括法学家巴尔多·德利·乌巴尔迪、洛伦佐·瓦拉与贾索内·德尔·马伊诺，而埃利亚·迪·萨巴托·达·费尔莫以欧洲大学首位犹太教教授的身份教授医学。

• From 1490 Hebrew was taught at the university, and the studium attracted scholars and students from across Europe.自 1490 年起，该校开设希伯来语课程，这所总学吸引了来自欧洲各地的学者与学生。

• Around 1511 Leonardo da Vinci studied anatomy at Pavia with Marcantonio della Torre, the professor of anatomy, and their collaboration advanced the understanding of the human body.约 1511 年，列奥纳多·达·芬奇在帕维亚随解剖学教授马尔坎托尼奥·德拉·托雷研究解剖学，二人的合作推进了对人体的认识。

• In the first half of the 16th century the university was closed during the Italian War of 1521 to 1526, and when it reopened Andrea Alciato and Gerolamo Cardano taught there.16 世纪上半叶，该校在 1521 至 1526 年的意大利战争期间一度关闭，重开之后安德烈亚·阿尔恰托与吉罗拉莫·卡尔达诺曾在此执教。

• In the second half of the 18th century Maria Theresa and Joseph II of Austria renovated the university's teaching programmes and research, giving it a modern academic structure.18 世纪下半叶，奥地利的玛丽亚·特蕾莎与约瑟夫二世改革了该校的教学项目与研究，为其奠定了现代的学术结构。

• Alessandro Volta held the chair of natural philosophy at Pavia from 1769 to 1804, and Lazzaro Spallanzani held the chair of natural history from 1768 to 1799.亚历山德罗·伏打于 1769 至 1804 年任该校自然哲学教授，拉扎罗·斯帕兰扎尼于 1768 至 1799 年任自然史教授。

• In 1858 students protested against Austrian rule and the university was temporarily closed, an episode often seen as a prelude to Italian unification in 1859 to 1866.1858 年，学生抗议奥地利统治，该校一度被迫关闭，这一事件常被视为意大利 1859 至 1866 年统一的前奏。

• Camillo Golgi worked at Pavia from 1861 and won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his studies of the nervous system.卡米洛·高尔基自 1861 年起在帕维亚工作，因对神经系统的研究于 1906 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• In 1912 Carlo Forlanini, working at Pavia, discovered artificial pneumothorax, the first successful treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis.1912 年，在帕维亚工作的卡洛·福尔拉尼尼发明了人工气胸术，这是治疗肺结核的首个成功方法。

• Giulio Natta worked at Pavia between 1933 and 1935 and went on to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, while Carlo Rubbia, who also taught at Pavia, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984.朱利奥·纳塔于 1933 至 1935 年间在帕维亚工作，后来于 1963 年获得诺贝尔化学奖；同样在帕维亚任教的卡洛·鲁比亚则于 1984 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

• In 1932 the university acquired the 15th-century complex of the San Matteo Hospital, which became a centre of medical teaching and clinical practice.1932 年，该校获得始建于 15 世纪的圣马泰奥医院建筑群，此后成为医学教学与临床实践的中心。

• In the 1960s new faculties of Economics and Commerce and of Engineering were created in Pavia as Italy expanded its higher education system.20 世纪 60 年代，随着意大利扩大高等教育体系，帕维亚新设了经济与商业学院以及工程学院。

• In 1997 the University Institute for Advanced Studies, known in Italian as the Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori and by the acronym IUSS, was established in Pavia as a federal body linking the city's historic colleges.1997 年，帕维亚高等研究院（Istituto Universitario di Studi Superiori，简称 IUSS）成立，作为一个联邦机构联结该市的历史学院。

• In 1989 the Camerata de' Bardi, the university's academic orchestra, was established to give students and staff a musical life alongside their studies.1989 年，该校的学术乐团（Camerata de' Bardi）成立，为学生与教职工在学业之外增添音乐生活。

• On 24 January 1980 the university's Centre of Manuscripts was formally established, following an idea of the scholar Maria Corti in 1969.1980 年 1 月 24 日，该校手稿中心正式成立，其构想源自学者玛丽亚·科尔蒂 1969 年的提议。

• In September 2023 the Health Campus, known in Italian as the Campus della Salute, was inaugurated as a new base for the health sciences.2023 年 9 月，健康校区（Campus della Salute）落成启用，成为健康科学的新基地。

• In 2009 the university launched its Harvey medicine course, the oldest medical programme taught entirely in English in Italy.2009 年，该校开设哈维医学课程，这是意大利最早完全以英语授课的医学项目。

Academics

• The university is organised into eighteen departments and nine faculties, with thirteen broad areas of study covering the humanities, the social sciences, medicine and the sciences.该校设十八个系与九个学院，涵盖人文、社会科学、医学与理学等十三个大的学科领域。

• Its departments include Economics and Management, Law, Political and Social Sciences, Humanities, Mathematics, Physics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, and the engineering and medical departments.其系所包括经济与管理、法律、政治与社会科学、人文、数学、物理、地球与环境科学、生物、化学、药学，以及工程与医学各系。

• The university offers 105 bachelor's and master's programmes, of which 27 are taught in English, eight are double-degree programmes and fourteen are LM+ programmes.该校开设 105 个学士与硕士项目，其中 27 个以英语授课，8 个为双学位项目，14 个为（LM+）项目。

• In 2025 the university had about 26,400 students, including 2,800 international students, and 1,800 professors, lecturers, language teachers and administrative staff.2025 年该校约有 26,400 名学生，其中包括 2,800 名国际学生，另有 1,800 名教授、讲师、语言教师与行政人员。

• It counts 894 professors and researchers, giving it a favourable student-to-teacher ratio by Italian standards.该校拥有 894 名教授与研究人员，按意大利标准其师生比例较为理想。

• In the 2020-2021 academic year the university recorded 26,072 students, including 23,871 on degree courses, 498 doctoral candidates and 915 students in specialisation schools.2020 至 2021 学年，该校共有 26,072 名学生，其中 23,871 人攻读学位课程、498 人为博士生、915 人在专科学校学习。

• The Harvey medicine course, started in 2009, offers places for both European and non-European students and is taught entirely in English.始于 2009 年的哈维医学课程为欧洲与非欧洲学生提供名额，全程以英语授课。

• In 2025 the medical admission test drew 557 non-European applicants for 40 places, an acceptance rate of about 7.18 per cent.2025 年，医学入学考试共有 557 名非欧洲申请人竞争 40 个名额，录取率约为 7.18%。

• The Health Campus, opened in 2023, hosts 22 degree programmes and about 2,100 students in the health sciences.2023 年启用的健康校区承载 22 个学位项目与约 2,100 名健康科学方向的学生。

• Medical teaching is supported by the Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, the city's main hospital, and by the CNAO hadrontherapy centre.医学教学由该市主要医院圣马泰奥综合医院（Policlinico San Matteo Foundation）以及（CNAO）重离子治疗中心提供支持。

• The CNAO centre is one of only six facilities in the world able to perform hadrontherapy with both proton and carbon ions.（CNAO）中心是世界上仅有的六座能够同时以质子和碳离子进行重离子治疗的设施之一。

• The university operates the LENA nuclear reactor, a TRIGA Mark II research reactor of 250 kilowatts used for teaching and research.该校运营（LENA）核反应堆，这是一座功率 250 千瓦的（TRIGA Mark II）研究堆，用于教学与研究。

• The colleges of Pavia include Borromeo College and Ghislieri College, both founded in the 16th century, as well as the Nuovo College and the Santa Caterina College.帕维亚的学院包括均创办于 16 世纪的博罗梅奥学院与吉斯列里学院，以及新学院与圣卡泰丽娜学院。

• Twelve public colleges and other residences are managed by EDiSU, the university's student welfare body, which also runs refectories.十二所公立学院及其他宿舍由该校学生福利机构（EDiSU）管理，该机构还经营食堂。

• The university maintains museums including the University History Museum, the Museum of Electrical Technology and the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology.该校设有多个博物馆，包括校史博物馆、电气技术博物馆以及自然史与考古博物馆。

• The Botanical Garden of the university dates from the 18th century and covers two hectares, and it is used for botanical teaching and research.该校植物园可追溯至 18 世纪，占地两公顷，用于植物学教学与研究。

Campus

• The university has no single main campus, and its buildings are scattered through the historic centre of Pavia, giving the city the character of a university town.该校没有单一的集中校区，其建筑散布在帕维亚的历史城区之中，使整座城市呈现出大学城的特色。

• The old campus at Strada Nuova near Pavia Cathedral includes the Palazzo Centrale, with nine courtyards, more than 40 lecture theatres and the Aula Magna.位于帕维亚主教座堂附近新街的老校区包括中央宫，内有九座庭院、40 多个讲堂以及大礼堂。

• The Palazzo Centrale occupies a 15th-century building assigned by Ludovico il Moro and renovated by Ambrogio Pessina between 1661 and 1671.中央宫所在的建筑建于 15 世纪，由卢多维科·伊尔·莫罗拨给学校，并在 1661 至 1671 年间由安布罗焦·佩西纳改建。

• In the 18th century Maria Theresa entrusted Giuseppe Piermarini and Leopoldo Pollack with enlarging the Palazzo Centrale, giving it its present form.18 世纪，玛丽亚·特蕾莎委托朱塞佩·皮耶尔马里尼与莱奥波尔多·波拉克扩建中央宫，使其形成今日的格局。

• The Polo Cravino at Via Ferrata, about three kilometres from the centre, houses Engineering, Pharmacy, Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, on a site designed by Giancarlo De Carlo.距市中心约三公里的费拉塔街克拉维诺园区容纳工程、药学、数学、物理与自然科学各院系，其场地由詹卡洛·德卡洛设计。

• The Cravino site was bought at the end of the 1960s, its buildings were completed in 1980 and further additions followed in the 1990s.克拉维诺场地于 20 世纪 60 年代末购得，建筑于 1980 年竣工，20 世纪 90 年代又增添了新楼。

• The Health Campus, inaugurated in September 2023, covers 13,000 square metres and has 16 multimedia classrooms, 12 study rooms and a library of 200,000 volumes.2023 年 9 月启用的健康校区占地 13,000 平方米，设有 16 间多媒体教室、12 间自习室以及藏书 20 万册的图书馆。

• The health campus lies next to the Policlinico San Matteo and the CNAO hadrontherapy centre, and it hosts a clinical simulation centre for medical training.健康校区紧邻圣马泰奥综合医院与（CNAO）重离子治疗中心，并设有用于医学训练的临床模拟中心。

• The Faculty of Political Science and Law is based at the old campus, while Economics, Psychology and Philosophy occupy the former monastery of San Felice.政治科学与法学院位于老校区，而经济、心理学与哲学则设于昔日的圣费利切修道院。

• The Department of Musicology is based at the Palazzo Raimondi in Cremona, and the university's total surface area is about 300,000 square metres.音乐学系设于克雷莫纳的赖蒙迪宫，该校建筑总面积约 300,000 平方米。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the University of Pavia is placed 395th.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，帕维亚大学位列第 395。

• In the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it stands in the 401-450 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校处于 401 至 450 区间。

• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 364th.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列第 364。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it falls in the 401-500 band.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校处于 401 至 500 区间。

• According to OpenAlex the university has produced 96,633 research works attracting 8,869,891 citations, reflecting a long tradition of research.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校已产出 96,633 项研究成果，累计被引 8,869,891 次，体现出其悠久的研究传统。

• Medicine and Surgery was ranked 269th globally and 10th in Italy in the QS 2026 subject rankings.在 2026 年 QS 学科排名中，医学与外科位居全球第 269、意大利第 10。

• The Faculty of Medicine and Surgery was placed second best in Italy in the Censis rankings for 2026 and 2027.在（Censis）2026 至 2027 年度的排名中，该校医学与外科学院位列意大利第二。

• Three Nobel laureates, Camillo Golgi, Giulio Natta and Carlo Rubbia, worked or taught at the university, a mark of its research strength.卡米洛·高尔基、朱利奥·纳塔与卡洛·鲁比亚三位诺贝尔奖得主曾在该校工作或任教，这是其研究实力的标志。

• The university is a member of the European University Association and participates in the Erasmus programme of student exchange.该校是欧洲大学协会成员，并参与 Erasmus 学生交流项目。

• Its long tradition in medicine, law and the sciences is reflected in its historic colleges and in its continuing clinical and legal research.该校在医学、法律与理学方面的悠久传统，既体现在其历史悠久的学院上，也体现在持续的临床与法学研究之中。

Student life

• The university has no formal motto, and its defining symbols are its Latin designation Alma Ticinensis Universitas and the Medaglia teresiana, its highest academic honour.该校并无正式校训，其标志性符号是拉丁语校名（Alma Ticinensis Universitas）以及最高学术荣誉（Medaglia teresiana）。

• Students live in the historic colleges of Pavia, including Borromeo College and Ghislieri College, in a collegiate system that recalls older European universities.学生住在帕维亚历史悠久的学院中，包括博罗梅奥学院与吉斯列里学院，这种学院制令人想起更古老的欧洲大学。

• EDiSU operates four refectories and manages twelve public colleges, providing accommodation and meals at reduced prices.（EDiSU）经营四处食堂并管理十二所公立学院，以较低价格提供住宿与餐饮。

• The academic year opens with a ceremony at which the Medaglia teresiana, the university's highest honour, is presented.学年以一场典礼揭幕，其间颁发该校最高荣誉（Medaglia teresiana）。

• Medical students take part in a white-coat ceremony as they begin their clinical training in the university's hospitals.医学生在开始于大学医院进行临床训练时，会参加白袍典礼。

• The Camerata de' Bardi academic orchestra, founded in 1989, performs for the university and for the city of Pavia.创办于 1989 年的（Camerata de' Bardi）学术乐团为该校与帕维亚市演出。

• Pavia is a historic university town where students gather in the piazzas and along the river Ticino, with the colleges close to the city centre.帕维亚是一座历史悠久的大学城，学生聚集在广场与提契诺河畔，各学院亦紧邻市中心。

• Museums, the botanical garden and the university's libraries offer students resources that extend learning beyond the classroom.博物馆、植物园与学校图书馆为学生提供课堂之外的学习资源。

• International students make up about 2,800 of the student body and are supported by the university's international office.国际学生约占学生总数的 2,800 人，由该校国际办公室提供支持。

Notable people

• Alessandro Volta, the inventor of the electric battery, held the chair of natural philosophy at Pavia from 1769 to 1804.电池的发明者亚历山德罗·伏打于 1769 至 1804 年任帕维亚大学自然哲学教授。

• Camillo Golgi, who worked at Pavia from 1861, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1906 for his work on the nervous system.自 1861 年起在帕维亚工作的卡米洛·高尔基，因神经系统研究于 1906 年获得诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• Giulio Natta worked at Pavia between 1933 and 1935 and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963 for his work on polymers.朱利奥·纳塔于 1933 至 1935 年在帕维亚工作，因聚合物研究于 1963 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。

• Carlo Rubbia taught at Pavia and won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1984 for the discovery of the W and Z particles.卡洛·鲁比亚曾在帕维亚任教，因发现 W 与 Z 粒子于 1984 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Lazzaro Spallanzani, a naturalist, held the chair of natural history at Pavia from 1768 to 1799 and studied animal reproduction.博物学家拉扎罗·斯帕兰扎尼于 1768 至 1799 年任帕维亚大学自然史教授，研究动物生殖。

• Girolamo Cardano, the mathematician and physician, was born in Pavia in 1501 and later taught at the university.数学家兼医生吉罗拉莫·卡尔达诺 1501 年生于帕维亚，后来在该校执教。

• Ugo Foscolo, the poet, held the chair of eloquence at Pavia in 1809 and 1810.诗人乌戈·福斯科洛于 1809 与 1810 年任帕维亚大学修辞学教授。

• Cesare Beccaria, the jurist and criminologist, and Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza, the population geneticist, are counted among the university's notable figures.法学家兼犯罪学家切萨雷·贝卡里亚，以及群体遗传学家路易吉·卢卡·卡瓦利-斯福尔扎，都被列为该校的知名人物。

• Ignazio La Russa, a graduate, became President of the Italian Senate, and Lucia Azzolina, an alumna, served as Italy's Minister of Education.毕业生伊尼亚齐奥·拉鲁萨成为意大利参议院议长，校友露琪亚·阿佐利娜曾任意大利教育部长。

• Umberto Bossi, the founder of the Northern League, studied medicine at Pavia, and Maria Corti, a scholar, inspired the university's Centre of Manuscripts.北方联盟创始人翁贝托·博西曾在帕维亚学习医学，学者玛丽亚·科尔蒂则促成了该校手稿中心的建立。

• Popes Martin V, Sixtus IV and Pius V, and Saint Charles Borromeo, studied or taught at Pavia in the centuries after its foundation.教皇马丁五世、西克斯图斯四世与庇护五世，以及圣嘉禄·鲍荣茂，都曾在建校后的数百年间在帕维亚学习或任教。

• Yu Jin, a Chinese scholar of the Aerospace Information Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, worked as a researcher at Pavia from 2001 to 2007.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院的中国学者余锦，曾于 2001 至 2007 年在帕维亚担任研究人员。

• Giulio Chiribella, a quantum information theorist who later taught at Oxford and in Hong Kong, took his doctorate in physics at Pavia.后来在牛津与香港任教的量子信息理论家朱利奥·基里贝拉，在帕维亚获得物理学博士学位。

• The university's academic community has included many professors who shaped Italian law, medicine and science over seven centuries.七个世纪以来，该校的学术群体中不乏塑造了意大利法律、医学与科学的众多教授。