University of Oulu

The University of Oulu, known in Finnish as Oulun yliopisto, is a public research university in the city of Oulu in northern Finland and is one of the largest universities in the country, with about 14,800 students and 4,300 staff.奥卢大学，芬蘭語名为（Oulun yliopisto），是位于芬兰北部奥卢市的一所公立研究型大学，也是芬兰规模最大的大学之一，拥有约 14,800 名学生与 4,300 名教职工。

It was founded on 8 July 1958, when the President of Finland, Urho Kekkonen, signed the Oulu University Act, and the first students entered in the autumn of 1959 in the natural sciences, engineering and teacher education.该校于 1958 年 7 月 8 日成立，由时任芬兰总统乌尔霍·吉科宁签署《奥卢大学法令》，首批学生于 1959 年秋季入学，学科以理科、工科与师范类为主。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 360th, it stands joint 284th in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings, it is 348th in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities, and it falls in the 401-500 band of the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, with OpenAlex crediting it with 73,609 research works and 6,167,470 citations.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 360，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中并列第 284，在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中位列第 348，在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中处于 401 至 500 区间，OpenAlex 统计其研究成果 73,609 项、累计被引 6,167,470 次。

History

• In 1919 the Oulu College Association was founded to plan and manage the establishment of a university in the town of Oulu.1919 年，奥卢大学协会成立，负责规划与管理奥卢市建设大学的事宜。

• On 8 July 1958 the Oulu University Act was signed, formally establishing the university as the first institution of higher education in northern Finland.1958 年 7 月 8 日，《奥卢大学法令》签署，该校正式成立，成为芬兰北部第一所高等学校。

• Teaching began in 1959 with the Faculty of Philosophy, offering biology and mathematics, the Faculty of Technology, offering architecture, civil engineering and industrial engineering, and a teaching school.教学活动于 1959 年开始，设哲学学院（开设生物学与数学课程）、科技学院（开设建筑、土木工程与工业工程课程）以及一所师范学院。

• The first students entered in the autumn of 1959, and the earliest disciplines were centred on the natural sciences, technology and teacher education.首批学生于 1959 年秋季入学，最早开设的学科以理科、工科与师范教育为主。

• In 1960 the Faculty of Medicine was established, extending teaching and research into medicine within the first years of the university.1960 年，医学学院成立，使该校在建校最初几年内即将教学与研究扩展到医学领域。

• In 1965 teaching began in the humanities, and the Departments of Electrical Engineering and Machine Engineering were added to the Faculty of Technology.1965 年，人文学科开始授课，科技学院又增设了电气工程系与机械工程系。

• In 1972 the Faculty of Philosophy was divided, producing the Faculty of Humanities and the Faculty of Natural Sciences.1972 年，哲学学院被拆分，分设出人文学院与自然科学学院。

• In 1974 the Faculty of Education was founded, giving the university a dedicated unit for teacher training and educational research.1974 年，教育学院成立，使该校拥有了专门从事教师培养与教育研究的单位。

• In 1985 a professorship in telecommunications technology was established at the Faculty of Technology, marking the start of the university's long association with the communications industry.1985 年，科技学院设立电信技术教授席位，标志着该校与通信产业长达数十年的紧密联系由此开启。

• In 1994 biotechnology, information technology and northern issues were defined as the university's focus areas, a profile that still shapes its research.1994 年，生物技术、信息技术与北方问题研究被确定为该校的重点研究领域，这一取向至今仍塑造着它的科研布局。

• In 2000 the Faculty of Economics and Business Administration was founded, and in 2006 the university opened the Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre.2000 年，经济与工商管理学院成立；2006 年，该校又开办了微纳米技术中心。

• In 2007 the Oulu Mining School was established, and in 2008 the university created the Martti Ahtisaari Institute of Global Business and Economics, named after its alumnus.2007 年，奥卢矿业学院成立；2008 年，该校以其校友之名创办了马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里全球商业与经济研究所。

• The Martti Ahtisaari Institute was created on the initiative of Nobel Peace Prize laureate Martti Ahtisaari and focuses on international research and teaching in business and economics.马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里研究所由诺贝尔和平奖得主马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里倡议设立，专注于商业与经济领域的国际化教学与研究。

• In 2009 the Center for Internet Excellence was established, reflecting the university's strength in information technology and wireless communications.2009 年，互联网精英中心成立，体现出该校在信息技术与无线通信方面的实力。

• In 2010 a new Universities Act came into force in Finland, under which the university defined new focus areas and became a more independent legal entity.2010 年，芬兰新的《大学法》生效，该校据此确立了新的重点领域，并成为更具独立性的法人实体。

• In 2011 the Center of Microscopy and Nanotechnology was formed by merging the Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre with the Institute for Electron Microscopy.2011 年，微纳米技术中心与电子显微镜研究所合并，组建了显微与纳米技术中心。

• The University of Oulu Graduate School was launched on 1 August 2011 to organise doctoral training across the university's disciplines.奥卢大学研究生院于 2011 年 8 月 1 日成立，负责统筹全校各学科的博士培养工作。

• On 1 January 2014 three new units began work, namely the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, the Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering and the Oulu School of Architecture.2014 年 1 月 1 日，三个新单位开始运作，分别是生物化学与分子医学院、信息技术与电气工程学院，以及奥卢建筑学院。

• In 2025 Jouko Niinimäki served as rector, having taken the office in 2015 after Lauri Lajunen, who had led the university from 1993 to the end of 2014.2025 年该校由约科·尼尼迈基担任校长，他自 2015 年接任，前任劳里·拉尤宁教授自 1993 年至 2014 年底主持校务。

Academics

• The university has eight faculties, namely Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Education and Psychology, Humanities, Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Medicine, Science, Technology and the Oulu Business School.该校设有八个学院，分别是生物化学与分子医学院、教育与心理学院、人文学院、信息技术与电气工程学院、医学院、理学院、科技学院以及奥卢商学院。

• The Faculty of Technology includes departments of architecture, mechanical engineering, process and environmental engineering, electrical engineering, computer science and engineering, telecommunications engineering, and industrial engineering and management.科技学院下设建筑系、机械工程系、过程与环境工程系、电气工程系、计算机科学与工程系、电信工程系，以及工业工程与管理系。

• The Faculty of Science is organised into departments of biochemistry, biology, chemistry, geography, geology, information processing science, mathematical sciences and physics.理学院下设生物化学系、生物系、化学系、地理系、地质系、信息处理科学系、数学科学系与物理系。

• The Faculty of Humanities teaches archaeology, cultural anthropology, English philology, Finnish, German philology, history, the history of ideas and science, information studies, literature, logopedics and Sámi culture and language.人文学院开设考古学、文化人类学、英语语言学、芬兰语、德国语文学、历史学、思想与科学史、信息研究学、文学、言语矫正学，以及萨米族文化与萨米语等课程。

• The Faculty of Medicine is divided into units of biomedicine, dentistry, clinical medicine and health sciences, and works closely with the Oulu University Hospital.医学院下设生物医学、牙医学、临床医学与健康科学等单位，并与奥卢大学医院密切合作。

• The Faculty of Education offers degree programmes in primary teacher education, intercultural teacher education, technology-oriented and arts-and-crafts-oriented teacher education, early childhood education, music education and education and globalisation.教育学院提供小学教师教育、跨文化教师教育、技术取向与工艺美术取向的小学教师教育、幼儿教育、音乐教育，以及教育与全球化等学位课程。

• The Oulu Business School is organised into departments of economics, accounting and finance, marketing, and management, and it is known for its focus on international business.奥卢商学院下设经济学系、会计与金融系、营销系与管理系，并以国际商务研究见长。

• There are four centres for multidisciplinary research, namely Biocenter Oulu, the Eudaimonia Institute, Infotech Oulu and the Kvantum Institute.该校设有四个跨学科研究中心，分别是奥卢生物中心、幸福研究所、奥卢信息技术中心与量子研究所。

• The university offers more than twenty international master's programmes taught in English, in fields such as architectural design, astronomy and space physics, biomedical engineering, computer vision and signal processing and environmental engineering.该校提供二十多个以英语授课的国际硕士项目，涵盖建筑设计、天文与空间物理、生物医学工程、计算机视觉与信号处理、环境工程等领域。

• Other English-taught programmes include education and globalisation, ecology and population genetics, economic geology, finance, international business management, learning and education technology, protein science and wireless communications engineering.其他英语授课项目还包括教育与全球化、生态与群体遗传学、经济地质学、金融、国际商务管理、学习与教育技术、蛋白质科学，以及无线通信工程等。

• The Martti Ahtisaari Institute of Global Business and Economics, part of the business school, runs four international master's programmes with about fifty students from many countries.隶属商学院的马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里全球商业与经济研究所开设四个国际硕士项目，现有来自多个国家的约五十名学生就读。

• The university has about 2,500 researchers and hundreds of ongoing research projects, and about seventy invention disclosures are made each year from its laboratories.该校拥有约 2,500 名研究人员与数百个在研项目，其实验室每年产生约七十项发明披露。

• The university has served as the birthplace of more than eighty research-based companies, an indication of its role in the technology cluster of the Oulu region.该校已孵化出八十多家以科研为基础的公司，体现出它在奥卢地区科技产业集群中的作用。

• With about 14,800 students and 4,300 staff, the university is one of the largest in Finland, and it maintains a stable gender ratio of about fifty-three men to forty-seven women.该校约有 14,800 名学生与 4,300 名教职工，是芬兰规模最大的大学之一，其性别比例长期稳定在男性约五十三比女性约四十七。

• The university library Pegasus, the Botanical Gardens and Museum, the Tellus co-working spaces and the Thule and Giellagas institutes support teaching and research on the main campus.大学图书馆佩加索斯、植物园与博物馆、特卢斯共享办公空间，以及图勒研究所与吉耶拉加斯研究所，共同支撑主校区的教学与研究。

Campus

• The main campus at Linnanmaa lies about five kilometres north of the centre of Oulu and contains six faculties, four multidisciplinary research centres, the Botanical Gardens and Museum, the Pegasus library and the Tellus co-working spaces.主校区位于林南马，距奥卢市中心约五公里，设有六个学院、四个跨学科研究中心、植物园与博物馆、佩加索斯图书馆以及特卢斯共享办公空间。

• The Thule Institute and the Giellagas Institute, which studies Sámi language and culture, are also situated on the Linnanmaa campus.研究北方事务的图勒研究所以及研究萨米语言与文化的吉耶拉加斯研究所，也都位于林南马校区。

• The Kontinkangas campus, about two kilometres south-east of the city centre, houses the Faculty of Medicine and the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine together with the Oulu University Hospital and the Biocenter Oulu.孔廷坎加斯校区位于市中心东南约两公里处，设有医学院与生物化学和分子医学院，并毗邻奥卢大学医院与奥卢生物中心。

• The university also operates a campus in Kajaani, about 185 kilometres away, where the Kajaani University Consortium provides teaching in the region of Kainuu.该校还在约 185 公里外的卡亚尼设有校区，由卡亚尼大学中心为凯努地区提供教学。

• Beyond these campuses the university runs the Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, the Oulanka Biological Research Station at Kuusamo, the Kerttu Saalasti Institute at Nivala and the Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius.除上述校区外，该校还运营索丹屈莱地球物理观测站、库萨莫的奥兰卡生物研究站、尼瓦拉的凯尔图·萨拉斯蒂研究所以及科科拉市赫登尼乌斯大学中心。

• The Aurora international student house was completed in the spring of 2013 next to the PSOAS housing office in downtown Oulu, with a lounge on every floor and a café on the ground floor.奥罗拉国际学生宿舍于 2013 年春季在奥卢市中心 PSOAS 住宿办公室旁落成，每层设有公共休息区，底层设有咖啡厅。

• The two main campuses are connected to the city by frequent bus services, and the university's facilities include libraries, laboratories, sports halls and student canteens.两个主要校区与市区之间有频繁的公交相连，校内设施包括图书馆、实验室、体育馆与学生食堂。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the University of Oulu is placed 360th, and in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it stands joint 284th.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，奥卢大学位列第 360；在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中并列第 284。

• In the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking it is placed 348th, and in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it falls in the 401-500 band.在 2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列第 348；在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中处于 401 至 500 区间。

• In the 2012 QS World University Rankings the university was placed 262nd, rising to 259th in 2014, showing long-term improvement in international standing.在 2012 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列第 262，2014 年上升至第 259，显示其国际地位长期向好。

• The university is often ranked among the best in Finland and in the top 400 worldwide, and by the QS 2024 rankings it stood among the top three Finnish universities.该校常被评为芬兰最佳大学之一与全球前 400 名高校，按 QS 2024 年排名其位居芬兰前三。

• In 2008 the Academic Ranking of World Universities placed it second or third in Finland, and the Times Higher Education and QS joint ranking of that year placed it sixth in Finland.2008 年，世界大学学术排名将其列为芬兰第 2 至第 3 位，同年泰晤士高等教育与 QS 的联合排名则将其列为芬兰第 6 位。

• The university is an active member of the University of the Arctic, a circumpolar network of more than 200 universities and organisations, and has about sixty bilateral agreements with partners worldwide.该校是北极大学这一拥有 200 多所高校与机构的环极网络的活跃成员，并与全球伙伴签署了约六十项双边协议。

• It takes part in several international exchange programmes, including the Erasmus Programme in Europe, the ISEP schemes with the Americas and Asia and the north2north network of the Nordic countries and North America.该校参与多项国际交流项目，包括欧洲的 Erasmus 项目、面向美洲与亚洲的 ISEP 项目，以及连接北欧与北美的（north2north）网络。

• The university has consistently increased its citations per faculty ratio year after year, supporting its steady rise in international rankings.该校的师均被引次数逐年稳步上升，为其在国际排名中的持续攀升提供了支撑。

• According to OpenAlex the university has produced 73,609 research works attracting 6,167,470 citations, reflecting the productivity of its science and engineering disciplines.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校已产出 73,609 项研究成果，累计被引 6,167,470 次，反映出其理工学科的产出能力。

Student life

• The Student Union of the University of Oulu provides services for and supervises the interests of all bachelor's and master's students, and membership is open to every undergraduate student.奥卢大学学生会为全体本科与硕士学生提供服务并维护其权益，所有本科生均可加入。

• On payment of the student union membership fee, students receive a student card that gives inexpensive or free medical and dental care through the Finnish Student Health Services.缴纳学生会费后，学生可获得学生卡，凭卡通过芬兰学生健康服务机构享受低价或免费的医疗与牙科服务。

• The student card also gives discounts on trains and buses and reductions on student meals in the campus canteens.学生卡还可享受火车与公交的票价折扣，以及校园食堂的学生餐优惠。

• The Student Housing Foundation of Northern Finland, known as PSOAS, is the leading provider of student accommodation in Oulu and operates on a non-profit foundation basis to keep rents affordable.北芬兰学生住房基金会 PSOAS 是奥卢最主要的学生住宿提供方，以非营利基金形式运营，以保持租金可负担。

• Residents of PSOAS housing elect tenant committees in each area, which organise activities and maintain club rooms for students.PSOAS 各住宿区的住户会选举租户委员会，负责组织活动并维护学生活动室。

• There are a number of student organisations and guilds within the university, each attached to a discipline and organising social and academic events.校内有若干学生组织与行会，各与某一学科相关联，负责组织各类社交与学术活动。

• In the International Student Barometer 2019 the University of Oulu ranked first in the world for internet access and sixth overall for life satisfaction.在 2019 年国际学生晴雨表中，奥卢大学的网络接入条件位列全球第一，生活满意度总体排名第六。

• In 2022 the university received 17,667 domestic applications and accepted 2,497 new students, an acceptance rate of about fourteen per cent, making it a competitive choice in Finland.2022 年，该校收到 17,667 份国内申请，录取 2,497 名新生，录取率约百分之十四，在芬兰属于竞争激烈的院校。

• The university's alumni body numbers more than 55,000, and student mobility is actively promoted through its international exchange programmes.该校校友人数超过 55,000，学校还通过国际交流项目积极促进学生流动。

Notable people

• Martti Ahtisaari, a graduate and later President of Finland from 1994 to 2000, won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008, and the university's institute of global business and economics is named after him.马尔蒂·阿赫蒂萨里是该校毕业生，后于 1994 年至 2000 年任芬兰总统，并于 2008 年获诺贝尔和平奖，该校的全球商业与经济研究所即以他命名。

• Helena Aksela became the first female professor of physics in Finland and is counted among the university's distinguished graduates.海莱娜·阿克塞拉成为芬兰首位物理学女教授，是该校著名毕业生之一。

• Jarkko Oikarinen developed the Internet Relay Chat protocol in 1988 while at the university, a system that shaped early online communication.亚尔科·奥伊卡里宁于 1988 年在校期间开发出互联网中继聊天协议，这一系统塑造了早期的网络交流方式。

• Juha Sipilä, a graduate in technology, served as Prime Minister of Finland from 2015 to 2019.工程专业毕业生尤哈·西比莱于 2015 年至 2019 年担任芬兰总理。

• Pekka Aikio was president of the Sámi Parliament of Finland for three terms from 1996 to 2008.佩卡·艾基奥自 1996 年至 2008 年连任三届芬兰萨米议会议长。

• Finnish ministers among its alumni include Tytti Isohookana-Asunmaa, Minister of Culture from 1991 to 1995, Pirkko Mattila, Minister of Social Affairs and Health, and Tytti Tuppurainen, Minister for European Affairs from 2019 to 2023.其校友中的芬兰部长级人物包括 1991 年至 1995 年任文化部长的蒂蒂·伊索胡卡纳—阿孙马、社会事务与卫生部长皮尔科·马蒂拉，以及 2019 年至 2023 年任欧洲事务部长的蒂蒂·图普莱宁。

• Lasse Lehtinen served as a member of the Finnish Parliament and of the European Parliament, and Jari Vilén was a Finnish parliamentarian and diplomat.拉塞·莱赫蒂宁曾任芬兰议会议员与欧洲议会议员，亚里·维莱宁则是芬兰议员与外交官。

• Jussi Pesonen became chief executive of the forest products company UPM-Kymmene, and Sakari Orava is a surgeon known for operating on top athletes including David Beckham.尤西·佩索宁出任林产品企业 UPM-Kymmene 的首席执行官，萨卡里·奥拉瓦则是以为包括大卫·贝克汉姆在内的顶尖运动员施行手术而闻名的外科医生。

• The author Hannu Rajaniemi wrote the science fiction novel The Quantum Thief, and the musician Sami Lopakka played guitar in the band Sentenced, both having studied at Oulu.作家汉努·拉亚涅米著有科幻小说《量子窃贼》，音乐人萨米·洛帕卡曾在乐队 Sentenced 中担任吉他手，两人均曾就读于奥卢大学。

• Researchers and academics among its former students and staff include the biochemist Leena Ala-Kokko, the geneticist Leena Palotie, the epidemiologist Marjo-Riitta Järvelin and the Sámi literature scholar Vuokko Hirvonen.其校友与教职员中的研究者包括生物化学家莱娜·阿拉—科科、遗传学家莱娜·帕洛蒂、流行病学家玛丽奥—丽塔·耶尔韦林，以及萨米文学研究者武奥科·希尔沃宁。

• Lauri Lajunen, rector from 1993 to the end of 2014, and Jouko Niinimäki, rector since 2015, are counted among the university's recent leaders.1993 年至 2014 年底任校长的劳里·拉尤宁，以及 2015 年起任校长的约科·尼尼迈基，被列为该校近年来的领导者。