University of North Sumatra

Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU), known in English as the University of North Sumatra, is a public university in Medan, the capital of North Sumatra province, Indonesia, founded on 4 June 1952 as Yayasan Universitet Sumatera Utara.北苏门答腊大学（University of North Sumatra，印尼语 Universitas Sumatera Utara，简称 USU）是印度尼西亚北苏门答腊省省会棉兰的一所公立大学，1952 年 6 月 4 日以「北苏门答腊大学基金会」之名创办。

President Sukarno inaugurated it as the seventh state university of Indonesia on 20 November 1957, and it has held the status of a state legal entity university since 2003.1957 年 11 月 20 日，苏加诺总统主持该校作为印尼第七所国立大学的成立典礼，该校自 2003 年起取得国立法人大学（PTN-BH）地位。

With 42,687 students and 2,263 academic staff, USU teaches across 17 faculties and schools on a 122-hectare campus in the Padang Bulan district, and it is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校有 42 687 名学生与 2 263 名学术人员，17 个学院与学部集中在棉兰帕当布兰区 122 公顷的校园内；2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将其列入 1001-1200 区间。

History

• A public university in Medan had been discussed since the late colonial period, but the Dutch colonial government refused the proposal before the Second World War, leaving North Sumatra without a degree-granting institution.早在殖民统治后期，棉兰社会已提出创办一所公立大学，但二战前荷兰殖民政府否决了这一设想，北苏门答腊因此长期没有可授予学位的本土高校。
• During the Japanese occupation, physicians Pirngadi and T. Mansoer drafted a plan for a medical school, which became the practical blueprint for the faculty created after independence.日本占领时期，医生皮尔恩加迪与 T. 曼苏尔起草了一份医学院建设方案，这份方案后来成为独立后建院的实际蓝本。
• After Indonesia proclaimed independence on 17 August 1945, the government appointed Mohd. Djamil in Bukit Tinggi to chair a committee that would turn the medical school plan into a university.1945 年 8 月 17 日印尼宣布独立后，政府任命穆罕默德·贾米尔在武吉丁宜主持委员会，负责把医学院方案扩展为完整大学。
• The revolutionary war of 1947, fought to restore Indonesian sovereignty, delayed the project, and Governor Abdul Hakim then urged the people of North Sumatra to raise money for the region's first public university.1947 年为恢复印尼主权的革命战争使计划搁置，北苏门答腊省长阿卜杜勒·哈基姆随后号召全省民众集资，筹建本地区第一所公立大学。
• A preparatory committee was formed on 31 December 1951 under Soemarsono, with Ahmad Sofian and Danunagoro as members and Djaidin Antique as secretary, and it drafted the statutes and the first budget.1951 年 12 月 31 日成立筹备委员会，由苏马索诺领导，艾哈迈德·索菲安与达努纳戈罗任委员，贾伊丁·安蒂克任秘书，负责起草章程与首份预算。
• The Yayasan Universitet Sumatera Utara was legally established on 4 June 1952, governed by a board chaired by Governor Abdul Hakim Harahap, with T. Mansoer as vice-chairman and Soemarsono as secretary.1952 年 6 月 4 日，北苏门答腊大学基金会依法成立，董事会由省长阿卜杜勒·哈基姆·哈拉哈普任主席，T. 曼苏尔任副主席，苏马索诺任秘书。
• The Faculty of Medicine opened on 20 August 1952 in a house on Seram Street with 27 students, two of them women, and Ahmad Sofian as first dean, a date later adopted as the university anniversary.1952 年 8 月 20 日，医学院在实兰街一栋房屋内开学，首招 27 名学生，其中两名女生，艾哈迈德·索菲安任首任院长；这一天后来被定为校庆日。
• Ground was broken for the permanent campus on 21 August 1952 by Abdul Hakim, and the first purpose-built teaching building on Seram Street came into use in 1953.1952 年 8 月 21 日，阿卜杜勒·哈基姆为永久校区破土动工；1953 年，实兰街上第一座专门建造的教学楼投入使用。
• Vice-President Mohammad Hatta toured the faculty's chemistry laboratory on 12 August 1953, an early sign that the new institution had attracted national attention.1953 年 8 月 12 日，副总统穆罕默德·哈达参观医学院化学实验室，显示这所新学校自创办之初便受到国家层面的关注。
• The Faculty of Law and Public Administration followed in 1954, and the Faculty of Teacher Training and Science Education and the Faculty of Agriculture were added in 1956.1954 年增设法律与公共行政学院，1956 年又相继成立教师培训与科学教育学院、农学院。
• President Sukarno inaugurated the university on 20 November 1957 as the seventh state university in Indonesia, and that date served as the Dies Natalis until 2001.1957 年 11 月 20 日，苏加诺总统主持该校成立典礼，使其成为印尼第七所国立大学；此后直至 2001 年，这一天一直作为校庆日。
• The Faculty of Engineering was created in 1959, and on 2 September 1959 Sukarno opened the Faculty of Economics in Kutaraja, the city now called Banda Aceh.1959 年成立工程学院；同年 9 月 2 日，苏加诺在库塔拉贾（今班达亚齐）为经济学院揭幕。
• In 1960 the university added economics and veterinary medicine in Banda Aceh, so that within eight years it ran seven faculties, five in Medan and two in Aceh.1960 年，该校又在班达亚齐增设经济学与兽医两个学院；建校不到八年，已运行七个学院，其中五个在棉兰、两个在亚齐。
• The first six medical students graduated on 25 February 1961, and the faculty's main building was inaugurated by President Soeharto on 29 December 1970.1961 年 2 月 25 日，首批六名医学生毕业；1970 年 12 月 29 日，苏哈托总统为医学院主楼揭幕。
• From 9 March 1974 new doctors received their degrees in academic dress, a ceremony that became the template for later USU graduations.1974 年 3 月 9 日起，新晋医生开始身着学位袍参加毕业典礼，这一仪式此后成为该校毕业典礼的范式。
• The University Senate reviewed the anniversary in 2001 and, with ministry approval, fixed it on 20 August, so USU marked its 50th anniversary on 20 August 2002.2001 年，大学评议会重新审议校庆日期，经教育部批准后定为 8 月 20 日；2002 年 8 月 20 日，该校举行建校五十周年庆典。
• USU became a state legal entity university in 2003, the first outside Java, under Rector Chairuddin P. Lubis, who also secured 300 hectares at Kwala Bekala for a second campus.2003 年，在校长柴鲁丁·P. 卢比斯推动下，该校成为爪哇岛以外第一所国立法人大学；他同时争取到瓜拉贝卡拉 300 公顷土地，用于建设第二校区。
• The university's teaching hospital was established in 2011 and opened in 2016, and it was later renamed the Prof. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Teaching Hospital.该校附属教学医院于 2011 年设立、2016 年启用，后被命名为「柴鲁丁·P. 卢比斯教授教学医院」。
• Several faculties seeded other institutions: the Aceh faculties grew into Syiah Kuala University, the teacher-training faculty into the State University of Medan, and the polytechnic into Politeknik Negeri Medan.该校多个学院后来独立发展为其他院校：亚齐的两个学院成长为夏亚库拉大学，师资培训学院发展为棉兰国立大学，附设理工学院则成为棉兰国立理工学院。
• Muryanto Amin became the 16th rector on 28 January 2021 at the age of 46, the youngest in USU's history, and launched a programme branded Transformation Towards Ultimate.2021 年 1 月 28 日，46 岁的穆良托·阿明就任第十六任校长，成为该校历史上最年轻的校长，并推出名为「迈向卓越转型」的治校计划。
• USU received BAN-PT's Unggul accreditation in 2023, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it entered the 1001-1200 band while placing fifth nationally for international research network.2023 年，该校获得印尼国家高等教育认证委员会（BAN-PT）最高等级的「卓越」认证；在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中进入 1001-1200 区间，其国际科研合作网络指标位列印尼第五。

Academics

• USU is organised into 17 faculties and schools, covering medicine, law, engineering, economics and business, agriculture, forestry, dentistry, pharmacy, public health, nursing, psychology, social and political sciences, mathematics and natural sciences, cultural sciences, computer science, the graduate school and the vocational school.该校设 17 个学院与学部，涵盖医学、法学、工程、经济与商学、农学、林学、牙医、药学、公共卫生、护理、心理学、社会与政治学、数学与自然科学、文化科学、计算机科学，以及研究生院与职业学院。
• In 2025 the university offered 51 undergraduate programmes, 43 master's programmes, 24 doctoral programmes, 26 specialist and 4 sub-specialist programmes, 7 professional programmes, 14 diploma programmes and 7 applied bachelor programmes.2025 年，该校开设 51 个本科项目、43 个硕士项目、24 个博士项目、26 个专科医师项目与 4 个亚专科项目、7 个专业学位项目、14 个文凭项目及 7 个应用型本科项目。
• Enrolment stood at 42,687 students in the university's 2025 count, while 2024 data showed 41,570 students, 86.6 per cent of them undergraduates, and 10,390 new entrants of whom 54 per cent were women.按校方 2025 年统计，在校生为 42 687 人；2024 年数据为 41 570 人，其中本科生占 86.6%，当年录取新生 10 390 人，女生占 54%。
• The 2,263 academic staff recorded in 2024 included 256 professors, 343 associate professors, 631 lecturers, 215 assistant lecturers and 248 instructors, and 44 per cent held doctorates.2024 年记录的 2 263 名学术人员包括 256 名教授、343 名副教授、631 名讲师、215 名助理讲师与 248 名教员，其中 44% 拥有博士学位。
• The student-to-faculty ratio improved from 1:30 in 2021 to 1:24 in 2024, a change the university attributes to recruitment and to the promotion of existing staff.生师比从 2021 年的 1:30 改善至 2024 年的 1:24，校方将这一变化归因于新聘教师与校内教师晋升。
• Twenty-eight study programmes held international accreditation by 2025, and several faculties had obtained the Unggul grade from BAN-PT after the institutional accreditation of 2023.截至 2025 年，该校 28 个专业获得国际认证；2023 年学校整体获「卓越」认证后，多个学院也陆续取得同一等级。
• The Faculty of Medicine, the founding faculty of 1952, produced 952 graduates in 2024, 58 per cent of them women, and trains residents in 18 clinical departments through its teaching hospital.1952 年创校的医学院 2024 年培养 952 名毕业生，其中女生占 58%；该院依托教学医院在 18 个临床科室开展住院医师培训。
• The Faculty of Engineering, established in 1959, anchors USU's applied research, and Vice-Rector Himsar Ambarita has been listed among the world's top two per cent of cited scientists by Elsevier and Stanford University.1959 年成立的工程学院是该校应用研究的支柱；主管科研的副校长希姆萨尔·安巴里塔连续入选爱思唯尔与斯坦福大学发布的全球引用率前 2% 科学家名单。
• The Faculty of Pharmacy runs four programmes for 1,091 students with 48 lecturers, including 13 professors, holds two Unggul-accredited programmes and was ranked ninth among Indonesian pharmacy faculties by EduRank in 2024.药学院开设 4 个专业、有 1 091 名学生与 48 名教师（含 13 名教授），其中两个专业获「卓越」认证，2024 年被 EduRank 列为印尼药学院第九名。
• Agriculture and forestry, both created in 1956, serve the plantation economy of North Sumatra, and the university's estate-crop research addresses palm oil, rubber and food-crop productivity.农学院与林学院均建于 1956 年，服务北苏门答腊的种植园经济；该校的经济作物研究覆盖棕榈油、橡胶与粮食作物产量等议题。
• The Graduate School coordinates 43 master's and 24 doctoral programmes, and the Faculty of Medicine has run a master's in clinical medicine jointly with specialist training since 2008.研究生院统筹 43 个硕士与 24 个博士项目；医学院自 2008 年起开设临床医学硕士，与专科医师培训同步进行。
• OpenAlex indexes 46,450 works affiliated with USU and 314,764 citations to them, figures that place the university among the larger research producers in western Indonesia.OpenAlex 收录该校署名论文 46 450 篇，累计被引 314 764 次，使其成为印尼西部科研产出较大的高校之一。
• The USU Teaching Hospital opened in 2016 with 17 specialist polyclinics and more than 100 operational beds, operates as a Class C hospital and records about 75,000 patient visits a year.该校教学医院 2016 年启用，设 17 个专科门诊与 100 余张可用病床，属 C 级医院，年门诊量约 7.5 万人次。
• A separate dental and oral hospital, RSGM USU, supports the Faculty of Dentistry, and clinical placements for medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy run through the teaching hospital and partner public hospitals.该校另设口腔医院（RSGM USU）支撑牙学院教学；医学、牙医、护理与药学学生的临床实习，则通过教学医院及合作公立医院完成。
• Digital teaching is delivered through a Moodle platform and the USU One Data system, which the rectorate introduced to integrate academic, financial and research reporting after 2021.该校通过 Moodle 平台开展线上教学，并在 2021 年后启用「USU One Data」系统，把教学、财务与科研数据整合到同一套报表体系。
• USU Enterprise and the P2MW student entrepreneurship programme supported 137 student-led start-ups and more than 40 community enterprises in 2024, with grants exceeding 1.7 billion rupiah.该校创业中心与 P2MW 学生创业计划在 2024 年支持了 137 家学生创办的企业和 40 余家社区企业，发放资助超过 17 亿印尼盾。

Campus

• The main campus occupies 122 hectares in Padang Bulan, Medan Baru, close to the city centre and centred on Jalan Dr. Mansyur, which also carries the teaching hospital and most faculty buildings.主校区位于棉兰巴鲁区帕当布兰，占地 122 公顷，靠近市中心，以曼苏尔博士路为中心，教学医院与多数学院建筑均分布于此。
• A second campus of about 300 hectares is being developed at Kwala Bekala, roughly 15 kilometres from Padang Bulan, because the original site could not absorb the growth in enrolment.由于原校区无法容纳持续增长的学生规模，该校在距帕当布兰约 15 公里的瓜拉贝卡拉建设约 300 公顷的第二校区。
• The university began in a rented house on Seram Street in 1952, and the medical complex on Jalan Dr. T. Mansoer remains the historic core of the Padang Bulan site.1952 年该校以实兰街一栋租用房屋起家；曼苏尔博士路上的医学院建筑群至今仍是帕当布兰校区的历史核心。
• An inscription stone set into the medical faculty building in 1955 records the handover of the medicine and law faculties to the Indonesian government, and the main faculty building dates from 1970.1955 年嵌入医学院大楼的石碑记录了医学与法学两院移交印尼政府一事；医学院主楼则建于 1970 年。
• The teaching hospital, the dental hospital and the specialist clinics form a clinical quarter on the campus, allowing students to move between lectures and wards on foot.教学医院、口腔医院与各专科门诊在校园内形成临床区，学生可在教室与病房之间步行往返。
• The campus library, the auditorium and the Digital Learning Center provide the main academic and ceremonial spaces, and the 74th Dies Natalis was held in the auditorium in August 2026.校园图书馆、大礼堂与数字学习中心构成主要的学术与典礼空间；2026 年 8 月，第七十四届校庆典礼即在大礼堂举行。
• Padang Bulan takes its name from the flowering fields that once surrounded the site, and the campus retains mature trees and open lawns between the faculty blocks.「帕当布兰」意为开满鲜花的田野，校园在学院楼群之间保留了成片成年树木与草坪。
• Most students live in rented rooms along Jalan Dr. Mansyur and the adjoining streets, so the campus edge merges into a student quarter of canteens, copy shops and boarding houses.多数学生在曼苏尔博士路及周边街巷租住房间，校园边缘因此与由食肆、复印店和出租屋组成的学生街区连成一体。

Reputation

• USU is placed in the 1001-1200 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列 1001-1200 区间；此前数年它一直处于 1201-1400 区间。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places USU in the 1801-2000 band, after the 1501+ band reported for the 2026 edition.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列入 1801-2000 区间，而 2026 年版的区间为 1501 名以后。
• USU does not appear in the main table of the U.S. News Best Global Universities rankings for 2026-2027, and the university does not claim a position in that list.该校未进入 2026-2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》全球最佳大学排名主榜，校方也未对外宣称该榜名次。
• It is also absent from the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, so its international standing rests on the QS and THE results plus regional and national tables.该校同样未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，其国际定位因此主要依据 QS 与 THE 两项榜单以及区域、国内排名。
• In Asia the university ranked 268th in the QS Asia University Rankings 2026 and appeared in the 801+ band of the THE Asia University Rankings 2026.在亚洲范围内，该校 2026 年 QS 亚洲大学排名第 268 位，并在 2026 年 THE 亚洲大学排名中处于 801 名以后区间。
• QS awarded USU three stars in its institutional rating, and Webometrics placed it 1,491st in the world in its 2026 edition.QS 机构评级授予该校三星；2026 年版 Webometrics 世界大学排名将其列为全球第 1 491 位。
• OpenAlex records 46,450 works and 314,764 citations for the institution, a ratio of about 6.8 citations per paper that reflects a broad but comparatively recent research base.OpenAlex 记录该校 46 450 篇论文与 314 764 次引用，篇均被引约 6.8 次，显示其科研规模较大但积累时间相对较短。
• Nationally, USU holds the Unggul accreditation awarded by BAN-PT in 2023, was the fifth Indonesian university to become a state legal entity institution, and has 28 internationally accredited programmes.在国内，该校 2023 年获 BAN-PT「卓越」认证，是印尼第五所转为国立法人制的高校，并有 28 个专业通过国际认证。
• QS 2027 ranks USU fifth in Indonesia for international research network, and THE Impact Rankings 2026 placed it in the 401+ band for contributions to the sustainable development goals.2027 年 QS 排名中，该校的国际科研合作网络指标居印尼第五；2026 年 THE 影响力排名将其列入 401 名以后区间，以反映其对可持续发展目标的贡献。

Student life

• USU celebrates its Dies Natalis on 20 August, the date of the first medical lecture in 1952, and the 74th anniversary in 2026 carried the theme Listening to Science for Global Impact.该校以 1952 年首堂医学课开讲之日为校庆，每年 8 月 20 日举行庆典；2026 年第七十四届校庆的主题为「倾听科学，服务全球影响」。
• The 2024 intake of 10,390 students came from all 34 provinces, with 65 per cent from North Sumatra, 20 per cent from elsewhere in Sumatra and the remainder from Java, Kalimantan and eastern Indonesia.2024 年录取的 10 390 名新生来自全国 34 个省份，其中 65% 来自北苏门答腊，20% 来自苏门答腊其他省份，其余来自爪哇、加里曼丹与印尼东部。
• Suara USU, founded on 1 July 1995, is the only student activity unit at university level that runs publishing and journalism, and its Instagram account has about 13,000 followers.学生媒体《USU 之声》创办于 1995 年 7 月 1 日，是该校唯一在校级层面运营出版与新闻的学生活动单位，其 Instagram 账号约有 1.3 万名关注者。
• In 2024, 6,636 students received KIP Kuliah grants and 119 more entered through a community nomination route, so about 7,500 students, or 18 per cent of enrolment, held some form of financial aid.2024 年有 6 636 名学生获得 KIP Kuliah 助学金，另有 119 人经社区推荐入选；合计约 7 500 人、占在校生 18% 获得某种形式的资助。
• Student ventures are promoted through USU Enterprise, the P2MW scheme and an annual pitching competition, and the 2024 cohort included 137 start-ups working with Bank Indonesia, BRIN and PT Inalum.该校通过 USU Enterprise、P2MW 计划与年度路演竞赛扶持学生创业；2024 年共有 137 家初创企业参与，合作方包括印尼央行、国家研究创新署与印尼铝业公司。
• The Faculty of Law marked its 68th anniversary in February 2022 with an Alumni Day, at which Minister Yasonna Laoly was welcomed as the faculty's 1,111th graduate and honoured with a traditional ulos cloth.2022 年 2 月，法学院举行第七十届院庆暨校友日，司法与人权部长亚索纳·劳利作为该院第 1 111 名毕业生出席，并获赠传统乌洛斯布。
• USU has no Latin motto, and its public identity is carried instead by the Kampus Bintang values of devotion, innovation, integrity and resilience, together with the Transformation Towards Ultimate tagline adopted in 2021.该校没有拉丁文校训，其公共形象改由「星级校园」所强调的虔诚、创新、正直与坚韧等价值，以及 2021 年提出的「迈向卓越转型」口号承载。
• Campus life is closely tied to Medan: students eat at local warung and padang restaurants, travel by angkot and ojek, and the university's cultural festivals draw on Malay, Batak and Chinese communities of the city.校园生活与棉兰城市紧密相连：学生在本地小吃摊与巴东餐馆用餐，乘小巴与摩托出租出行，校园文化节则吸收棉兰的马来、巴塔克与华人社群传统。

Notable people

• Abdul Hakim Harahap, Governor of North Sumatra, chaired the Yayasan Universitet Sumatera Utara from 1952 and organised the provincial fund-raising that paid for the first faculty buildings.北苏门答腊省长阿卜杜勒·哈基姆·哈拉哈普自 1952 年起担任北苏门答腊大学基金会主席，并组织全省募款，支付了首批学院建筑的费用。
• Soemarsono chaired the preparatory committee from 31 December 1951 and served as secretary of the foundation board, making him one of the two administrative architects of the university.苏马索诺自 1951 年 12 月 31 日起领导筹备委员会，并任基金会董事会秘书，是该校建校行政架构的两位主要设计者之一。
• Ahmad Sofian was the first dean of the Faculty of Medicine in 1952 and the first president of the university, and he led the institution through its transition to state status in 1957.艾哈迈德·索菲安于 1952 年出任医学院首任院长，并担任该校首任校长，主导了 1957 年转为国立大学的过渡。
• Sukarno, the first President of Indonesia, inaugurated USU on 20 November 1957 and returned in 1959 to open its economics faculty in Banda Aceh.印尼首任总统苏加诺于 1957 年 11 月 20 日主持该校成立典礼，并于 1959 年再次到访，为班达亚齐的经济学院揭幕。
• Chairuddin P. Lubis, rector from 1994 to 2010 and a consultant paediatrician trained at Mahidol University, obtained state legal entity status in 2003, secured the Kwala Bekala land and initiated the teaching hospital.柴鲁丁·P. 卢比斯是曾赴玛希隆大学进修的儿科传染病顾问医师，1994 至 2010 年任校长，任内于 2003 年取得国立法人地位、争取到瓜拉贝卡拉土地并推动教学医院建设。
• Muryanto Amin, a political scientist, became the 16th rector in January 2021 at 46, the youngest in USU's history, and was re-nominated for the 2026-2031 term after winning 53 votes in the Senate.政治学者穆良托·阿明 2021 年 1 月以 46 岁出任第十六任校长，为该校史上最年轻者；2025 年他在评议会以 53 票成为 2026 至 2031 年任期候选人。
• Yasonna Hamonangan Laoly, a law graduate of USU and professor, served as Indonesia's Minister of Law and Human Rights from 2014 to 2024 and has campaigned for patent and copyright reform.亚索纳·哈莫纳潘·劳利毕业于该校法学院并任教授，2014 至 2024 年出任印尼司法与人权部长，长期推动专利与版权制度改革。
• Surya Paloh, founder and chairman of the NasDem Party and of the Media Group conglomerate, studied law at USU before leaving without a degree and later graduated from the Islamic University of North Sumatra.苏里亚·帕洛是民族民主党创始人兼主席、媒体集团东主，曾在北苏门答腊大学法学院就读但未毕业，后在北苏门答腊伊斯兰大学取得学位。
• Tengku Erry Nuradi, a USU graduate, served as Governor of North Sumatra from 2016 to 2018 after a term as vice-governor.滕库·埃里·努拉迪毕业于该校，曾任北苏门答腊副省长，2016 至 2018 年出任省长。
• Soedjai Kartasasmita, who built a palm-oil cooking-oil factory in 1977, received an honorary doctorate in plantation biotechnology from USU in May 2024, the third such degree in the university's history.苏贾伊·卡尔塔萨斯米塔于 1977 年建成棕榈油食用油工厂，2024 年 5 月获该校授予种植园生物技术名誉博士学位，为校史上第三位获此学位者。
• Himsar Ambarita, professor of mechanical engineering and Vice-Rector for Research, has appeared in the Stanford-Elsevier top two per cent citation list and works on biomass and renewable energy systems.机械工程教授、主管科研的副校长希姆萨尔·安巴里塔多次进入斯坦福-爱思唯尔全球引用率前 2% 名单，研究方向为生物质与可再生能源系统。