University of Miskolc

The University of Miskolc (Hungarian: Miskolci Egyetem) is a public research university in Miskolc, northern Hungary, and the largest higher-education institution in the region, placed in the 1401+ band of the QS World University Rankings 2027.米什科尔茨大学（匈牙利语：Miskolci Egyetem）是匈牙利北部米什科尔茨市的一所公立研究型大学，也是该地区规模最大的高等教育机构，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列 1401+ 区间。

Its lineage reaches back to the Mining and Metallurgy School founded at Selmecbánya in 1735, one of the world's first institutions of higher learning in mining and metallurgy, while the modern university was created by Act XXIII of 1949.该校的源流可追溯至 1735 年在塞尔梅茨巴尼亚创办的采矿与冶金学校，那是世界上最早开展采矿与冶金高等教育的机构之一，而现代意义上的大学则由 1949 年第 23 号法令设立。

The university today enrols 10,263 students (2023) in eight faculties, offers 48 bachelor's and 93 master's programmes, and occupies an 85-hectare campus known as Egyetemváros, or University Town.如今该校八个学院共有 10263 名学生（2023 年），开设 48 个学士项目和 93 个硕士项目，校园占地 85 公顷，名为“大学城”（Egyetemváros）。

History

• The predecessor of the university, the Mining and Metallurgy School (Bergschule), was founded in 1735 in Selmecbánya, then part of the Habsburg Monarchy and today Banská Štiavnica in Slovakia, making it the first school in the world to teach mining and metallurgy at higher level.该校的前身采矿与冶金学校（Bergschule）于 1735 年在塞尔梅茨巴尼亚创办，当时隶属哈布斯堡君主国，即今斯洛伐克的班斯卡-什佳夫尼察，是世界上第一所开展高等采矿与冶金教育的学校。
• The Selmec school became a model for European technical education, with comparable training appearing only decades later at Freiberg in 1765, Berlin in 1770 and St Petersburg in 1773, while the École Polytechnique in Paris based its laboratory course on Selmec practice in 1794.塞尔梅茨的办学模式成为欧洲技术教育的范本，弗赖贝格（1765 年）、柏林（1770 年）和圣彼得堡（1773 年）直到数十年后才出现类似教育，巴黎综合理工学院则在 1794 年参照塞尔梅茨的实验室课程设置了自己的课程。
• After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 the institution was renamed the Royal Hungarian Academy of Mining and Forestry, reflecting its dual mission of training mining engineers and foresters for the kingdom.1867 年奥匈和解之后，该校更名为匈牙利皇家采矿与林业学院，这一名称体现了其为王国培养采矿工程师和林业人才的的双重使命。
• The Béla Bartók Music Institute, which later became part of the university, was founded in Miskolc in 1904 and has since occupied the Zenepalota, or Palace of Music, in the city centre.后来并入该校的贝拉·巴托克音乐学院于 1904 年在米什科尔茨创办，此后一直在市中心的“音乐宫”（Zenepalota）办学。
• The Treaty of Trianon of 1920 transferred Selmecbánya to Czechoslovakia, forcing the academy to relocate to Sopron, where it continued as a Hungarian mining and forestry college between the wars.1920 年的《特里亚农条约》将塞尔梅茨巴尼亚划归捷克斯洛伐克，学院被迫迁往肖普朗，并在两次世界大战之间以匈牙利采矿与林业学院的身份继续办学。
• Act XXIII of 1949 ordered the creation of a Technical University of Heavy Industry in Miskolc, built around the Mining and Coal Engineering Faculty moved from Sopron and a newly founded Mechanical Engineering Faculty.1949 年第 23 号法令决定在米什科尔茨创建重工业大学，其基础是从肖普朗迁来的采矿与煤炭工程学院以及新设立的机械工程学院。
• Teaching began on 18 September 1949, before the present campus existed, and the 85-hectare site of Egyetemváros was not assigned until February 1950, when construction started with labour that included political prisoners such as the pianist György Cziffra.教学于 1949 年 9 月 18 日开始，当时今日的校园尚不存在，85 公顷的“大学城”用地直到 1950 年 2 月才划定，建设劳动中包括钢琴家杰尔吉·齐夫拉等政治犯。
• The first student and faculty buildings opened in the autumn of 1951, and a commemorative plaque honouring Cziffra was unveiled on campus in 2023.首批学生与院系建筑于 1951 年秋启用，校内则于 2023 年揭幕了一块纪念齐夫拉的铭牌。
• The institution was called the Miskolc Heavy Engineering Technical University from 1949 to 1952 and then the Mátyás Rákosi Heavy Engineering University until 1956, taking the name of the Communist Party general secretary.该校在 1949 年至 1952 年间名为米什科尔茨重工业技术大学，此后至 1956 年改称马加什·拉科西重工业大学，以前匈牙利共产党总书记的名字命名。
• In 1952 the metallurgy faculty moved from Sopron to Miskolc, and the mining faculty was divided between the two cities until 1957, when it too moved to Miskolc and the Sopron remnant became the University of Forestry.1952 年冶金学院从肖普朗迁至米什科尔茨，采矿学院则在两座城市间分设，直至 1957 年也迁往米什科尔茨，留在肖普朗的部分则组成了林业大学。
• On 22 October 1956 the university's Students' Parliament adopted an eleven-point demand, which was presented with the demands of the Diósgyőr Workers' Council to Prime Minister Imre Nagy.1956 年 10 月 22 日，该校学生议会通过了十一项要求，并与迪欧什哲尔工人委员会的要求一起提交给时任总理纳吉·伊姆雷。
• On 25 October 1956 thousands of people demonstrated first in Búza Square and then in University Town, and on 4 November, after the Soviet intervention, a fight in University Town killed two first-year students.1956 年 10 月 25 日，数千人先在布扎广场、随后在“大学城”示威，11 月 4 日苏联军队介入后，“大学城”内的一场冲突导致两名一年级学生死亡。
• The dead were Gábor Kiss, a mechanical engineering student, and Gábor Kölbert, a mining engineer, both shot dead, and their memory is kept in the university's history of the 1956 Revolution.死者是机械工程专业学生加博尔·基什和采矿工程师加博尔·克尔伯特，两人均中枪身亡，学校在关于 1956 年革命的校史中一直纪念他们。
• After the revolution the institution reverted to the name Heavy Engineering Technical University, and from 1969 to 2000 the Metallurgy College of Dunaújváros belonged to the university.革命之后，学校恢复重工业大学之名，1969 年至 2000 年间多瑙新城冶金学院曾隶属该校。
• The Faculty of Law was established in 1981 as the fourth law faculty in Hungary, a sign that the institution was broadening beyond heavy industry.法学院于 1981 年成立，是匈牙利第四个法学院，标志着该校开始从重工业领域向外拓展。
• Economics teaching began in 1987, the Faculty of Economics was organised in 1990, and the university adopted its present name, University of Miskolc, in 1990.经济学教学始于 1987 年，经济学院于 1990 年组建，学校也在 1990 年改用现名米什科尔茨大学。
• The humanities, first taught through an Institute of Humanities, became an independent faculty in 1997, the same year the Béla Bartók Institute of Music joined the university.人文学科最初通过人文研究所授课，1997 年成为独立学院，贝拉·巴托克音乐学院也在同年并入大学。
• Health-care training began in 1998 at a Miskolc branch of the University of Debrecen's Faculty of Health Sciences and provided the basis for the university's own Faculty of Health Sciences, founded in 2009.医疗卫生教育于 1998 年以德布勒森大学健康科学学院米什科尔茨分校的形式开始，并为 2009 年成立本校健康科学学院奠定了基础。
• The Comenius Teacher's College of Sárospatak, founded in 1531 as one of Hungary's first Protestant colleges and attended by the Czech pedagogue Comenius in the 17th century, joined the university in 2000.沙罗什帕塔克夸美纽斯师范学院创办于 1531 年，是匈牙利最早的新教学院之一，捷克教育家夸美纽斯曾在 17 世纪在此求学，该学院于 2000 年并入大学。
• The Selmec student traditions, maintained by generations of students since the 18th century, were inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2014.由一代代学生传承的塞尔梅茨学生传统可追溯至 18 世纪，并于 2014 年被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
• The Béla Bartók Institute of Music was raised to the status of the university's eighth faculty in 2021, and the library, archives and museum reopened in a renewed building in 2024.贝拉·巴托克音乐学院于 2021 年升格为该校第八个学院，图书馆、档案馆与博物馆则于 2024 年在翻新后重新开放。
• The university began its 77th academic year in September 2026 with nearly 4,300 freshmen, while its history exhibition traced the journey from Selmec to modern space-furnace research.2026 年 9 月，该校迎来第 77 个学年，新生近 4300 人，校史展览则讲述了从塞尔梅茨到现代太空炉研究的发展历程。

Academics

• The university is organised into eight faculties: Earth and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Informatics, Law, Economics, Humanities and Social Sciences, Health Sciences, and the Béla Bartók Faculty of Music.学校设有八个学院：地球与环境科学与工程学院、材料与化学工程学院、机械工程与信息学院、法学院、经济学院、人文与社会科学学院、健康科学学院以及贝拉·巴托克音乐学院。
• Its programme portfolio comprises 48 bachelor's degrees, 93 master's degrees, 34 univocational programmes, seven higher-education vocational programmes and 161 specialised further-training courses, 343 programmes in total.该校课程体系包括 48 个学士项目、93 个硕士项目、34 个单学科项目、7 个高等教育职业项目和 161 个专业进修课程，合计 343 个项目。
• In 2023 the university counted 10,263 students, 51.84 per cent of them women, and received 7,671 applications, of which 4,631 applicants were admitted.2023 年该校共有 10263 名学生，其中女性占 51.84%，当年收到 7671 份申请，录取 4631 人。
• Some 417 academic staff held PhD degrees in 2024, and 22 lecturers were members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, according to the university's own figures.根据校方数据，2024 年约有 417 名专任教师拥有博士学位，22 名教师为匈牙利科学院成员。
• Doctoral education is organised in doctoral schools and involved 349 doctoral students in 2024, covering materials science, mechanical engineering, earth sciences, law, economics and literary studies.博士教育由多个博士学院组织，2024 年共有 349 名博士生，覆盖材料科学、机械工程、地球科学、法学、经济学和文学研究等领域。
• Engineering remains the core of the academic profile, with materials science, metallurgy, earth and environmental engineering, mechanical engineering and informatics among its established fields.工程学科仍是该校学术版图的核心，材料科学、冶金、地球与环境工程、机械工程和信息学都是其传统优势领域。
• Research and development concentrates on advanced materials and technologies, Logistics 4.0 and digital technologies, sustainable management of natural resources and innovative mechanical engineering.该校的研发重点集中在先进材料与技术、物流 4.0 与数字技术、自然资源的可持续管理以及创新机械工程四个方向。
• The FIEK Research Institute supports industry-oriented research and innovation, and the university maintains scientific students' associations that feed its doctoral schools.FIEK 研究所支持面向产业的研究与创新，学校还设有多个学生科研协会，为博士学院输送人才。
• The university cooperates with 438 partner institutions in 64 countries and holds 611 bilateral mobility agreements, figures published for 2024.该校与 64 个国家的 438 所伙伴院校开展合作，并签有 611 份双边流动协议，这些是 2024 年公布的数据。
• International mobility runs through Erasmus+, CEEPUS and the Pannónia Scholarship Programme, and the Stipendium Hungaricum scheme brings government-funded international students to Miskolc.国际流动主要依托 Erasmus+、CEEPUS 和潘诺尼亚奖学金计划，而“匈牙利奖学金”（Stipendium Hungaricum）则为米什科尔茨带来政府资助的国际学生。
• Double-degree programmes are offered in logistics engineering, materials engineering and petroleum engineering, the last two with the AMIR and TIMREX consortia.该校在物流工程、材料工程和石油工程领域开设双学位项目，后两者分别与 AMIR 和 TIMREX 联盟合作。
• English-language programmes span engineering, business, social sciences and a preparatory foundation course for engineering, business and social studies.英语授课项目涵盖工程、商科和社会科学，并设有面向工程、商科与社会科学的基础预科课程。
• The University of Miskolc Library, Archives and Museum holds around 500,000 items in a 5,580-square-metre building with 2,400 square metres of reading space.米什科尔茨大学图书馆、档案馆与博物馆馆藏约 50 万件，馆舍面积 5580 平方米，其中阅览空间 2400 平方米。
• In 2018 the university advertised 9,038 subjects per semester and recorded 129,058 course enrolments, illustrating the breadth of its taught offer.2018 年该校每学期开设 9038 门课程，选课注册达 129058 人次，显示出其教学供给的广度。
• The Confucius Institute of the University of Miskolc, opened in 2013, teaches Chinese language and culture and supports academic exchange with Chinese universities such as Beijing University of Chemical Technology.米什科尔茨大学孔子学院于 2013 年设立，开展汉语与中国文化教学，并支持该校与北京化工大学等中国高校的学术交流。
• Seven modern dormitories provide 1,981 places, and the university also operates four catering facilities on campus for students and staff.七座现代化学生宿舍提供 1981 个床位，校内还设有四个餐饮设施供师生使用。

Campus

• The university occupies Egyetemváros (University Town), an 85-hectare parkland campus on the western edge of Miskolc, at 3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Egyetem út 1.学校坐落于米什科尔茨西缘的“大学城”（Egyetemváros），这是一片 85 公顷的园林式校园，地址为 Egyetem út 1，邮编 3515。
• The campus contains 29 buildings with 139,500 square metres of floor space, including 24 auditoriums and 148 classrooms, all within a single continuous site.校园内有 29 座建筑，建筑面积 13.95 万平方米，包括 24 个阶梯教室和 148 间教室，全部集中在同一片连续地块内。
• The university describes Egyetemváros as the only real campus in Hungary, and it was voted the country's most beautiful campus in 2017 and again in 2019.校方称“大学城”是匈牙利唯一真正意义上的校园，它于 2017 年和 2019 年两度被评为匈牙利最美校园。
• The Library, Archives and Museum building offers 5,580 square metres of space and 2,400 square metres of modern reading rooms, and since September 2024 it has been open twelve hours a day.图书馆、档案馆与博物馆大楼面积 5580 平方米，拥有 2400 平方米的现代化阅览空间，自 2024 年 9 月起每天开放 12 小时。
• The main building and the ensemble of student residences date largely from the 1950s and 1960s, when the campus was laid out as a self-contained academic town.主楼和成片的学生宿舍大多建于 20 世纪 50 至 60 年代，当时校园被规划为一座自成一体的学术城镇。
• The Béla Bartók Faculty of Music is housed in the Zenepalota, a landmark building in central Miskolc rather than on the main campus.贝拉·巴托克音乐学院位于米什科尔茨市中心的标志性建筑“音乐宫”，并不设在主校区内。
• The university's Sárospatak campus, inherited from the Comenius Teacher's College, lies about 70 kilometres northeast of Miskolc and continues teacher-training traditions dating from 1531.该校从夸美纽斯师范学院继承的沙罗什帕塔克校区位于米什科尔茨东北约 70 公里处，延续着可追溯至 1531 年的师范教育传统。
• Student housing consists of seven dormitories with 1,981 beds, and roughly every fifth student receives a dormitory place.学生住宿由七座宿舍楼组成，共 1981 个床位，大约每五名学生中就有一人能够获得宿舍床位。
• Public transport links the campus with the city centre and the Tiszai railway station, while Miskolc itself lies at the foot of the Bükk Mountains.公共交通将校园与市中心及蒂萨伊火车站连接起来，米什科尔茨本身则位于比克山山麓。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Miskolc is placed in the 1401+ band, the shared final range of the ranking.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，米什科尔茨大学位列 1401+ 区间，这是该榜单末段的并列区间。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 it appears in the 1801–2000 band, having been listed among the top 2,000 institutions in the world.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校进入 1801–2000 区间，跻身全球前 2000 所高校之列。
• The university does not appear in the 2026-2027 U.S. News global university ranking, nor in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities main table.该校未进入 2026-2027 年度 U.S. News 全球大学榜单，也未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜。
• In the 2024 HVG ranking of Hungarian higher-education institutions it was placed 13th in the country, a position highlighted on its own website.在 2024 年 HVG 匈牙利高等教育机构排名中，该校位列全国第 13 名，校方网站也重点展示了这一成绩。
• Its strongest reputational assets are the engineering disciplines inherited from Selmec, especially materials science, metallurgy and earth sciences, which have trained Hungarian industry for nearly three centuries.该校最具声誉的资产是从塞尔梅茨继承而来的工程学科，尤其是材料科学、冶金和地球科学，近三个世纪以来一直为匈牙利工业输送人才。
• The Faculty of Law, founded in 1981, was the fourth law faculty in Hungary and remains one of the university's most selective programmes.1981 年成立的法学院是匈牙利第四个法学院，至今仍是该校选拔性最强的院系之一。
• The university reports 438 partner institutions and 611 bilateral agreements, and its Erasmus and CEEPUS networks give it a visible presence in Central European academic cooperation.该校报告有 438 所伙伴院校和 611 份双边协议，其 Erasmus 与 CEEPUS 网络使其在中欧学术合作中保持着可见的存在。
• Its researchers have been named among the world's most-cited scientists in recent listings, and the university was included in a 2026 world ranking for green campuses.该校研究人员在近年的榜单中入选全球高被引科学家，学校还于 2026 年进入一项世界绿色校园排名。
• The Selmec traditions and the 1735 foundation date give the university a claim to be one of the oldest continuously evolving technical schools in Europe.塞尔梅茨传统与 1735 年的创办年份，使该校有理由被视为欧洲历史最悠久且持续演进的工程技术学校之一。
• The 1401+ band in the 2027 QS ranking is a shared final range occupied by 102 institutions, so the university is not ranked at a single individual position.2027 年 QS 排名中的 1401+ 是一个由 102 所高校共享的末段区间，因此该校并未获得单一的具体名次。

Student life

• The Selmec student traditions, inscribed by UNESCO in 2014, remain the defining ritual of student life, and hundreds of students are formally accepted into them each year.2014 年被列入联合国教科文组织名录的塞尔梅茨学生传统，仍是该校学生生活中最具代表性的仪式，每年都有数百名学生正式加入这一传统。
• Several times a year students travel to Banská Štiavnica, the former Selmecbánya, to visit the predecessor institutions and keep the memory of the old academy alive.学生们每年数次前往旧称塞尔梅茨巴尼亚的班斯卡-什佳夫尼察，探访前身院校的旧址，延续对老学院的记忆。
• Eight faculty student unions represent students, and 546 students took part in talent-management programmes, according to university figures.八个学院的学生会代表学生权益，校方数据显示有 546 名学生参加了人才培育计划。
• In the 2022/23 Scientific Students' Conference the university's students won 54 first places, 53 second places, 46 third places and 27 special prizes.在 2022/23 学年学生科学会议上，该校学生获得 54 项一等奖、53 项二等奖、46 项三等奖和 27 项特别奖。
• At the 2023 National Scientific Students' Conference they added 15 first places, nine second places, four third places and 14 special prizes.在 2023 年全国学生科学会议上，他们又获得 15 项一等奖、9 项二等奖、4 项三等奖和 14 项特别奖。
• The campus has four catering facilities, seven dormitories and sports and recreational facilities, making Egyetemváros a self-contained student town.校园内设有四个餐饮点、七座宿舍楼以及体育与休闲设施，使“大学城”成为一座自足的学生城镇。
• Music life centres on the Zenepalota and the Béla Bartók Faculty, continuing a tradition that began with the music school founded in Miskolc in 1904.音乐生活以“音乐宫”和贝拉·巴托克音乐学院为中心，延续着 1904 年米什科尔茨音乐学校创办以来的传统。
• The city of Miskolc, an industrial centre since the 19th century, offers students theatres, museums and the nearby Bükk Mountains, while the campus itself hosts regular public events and conferences.米什科尔茨自 19 世纪起就是工业中心，为学生提供剧院、博物馆和近旁的比克山，校园本身也定期举办公共活动与会议。
• The Confucius Institute adds Chinese language courses and cultural events to campus life, marking a decade of activity in 2023.孔子学院为校园生活增添了汉语课程与文化活动，并于 2023 年迎来成立十周年。

Notable people

• György Cziffra, the celebrated pianist, was among the political prisoners drafted into the construction of Egyetemváros in the early 1950s, and the university unveiled a plaque in his honour in 2023.著名钢琴家杰尔吉·齐夫拉是 20 世纪 50 年代初被征调参与“大学城”建设的政治犯之一，学校于 2023 年为他揭幕纪念铭牌。
• Mátyás Rákosi, the Communist Party general secretary, gave his name to the institution between 1952 and 1956, a period recalled critically in the university's own history.共产党总书记马加什·拉科西的名字在 1952 年至 1956 年间被用作校名，校方自己的校史对这一时期持批判性回顾。
• Imre Nagy, then prime minister, received the university students' eleven-point demand in October 1956, an episode that links the campus to the outbreak of the revolution.时任总理纳吉·伊姆雷在 1956 年 10 月接过了该校学生的十一项要求，这一事件把校园与革命的爆发联系在一起。
• Gábor Kiss, a first-year mechanical engineering student, was shot dead in University Town on 4 November 1956 and is commemorated as a martyr of the 1956 Revolution.机械工程专业一年级学生加博尔·基什于 1956 年 11 月 4 日在“大学城”中枪身亡，被作为 1956 年革命的殉难者纪念。
• Gábor Kölbert, a mining engineering student, died alongside Kiss on the same day and is remembered in the university's memorial tradition.采矿工程专业学生加博尔·克尔伯特同日与基什一同遇难，该校的纪念传统一直铭记着他。
• Zita Horváth, a historian and former deputy state secretary for higher education, serves as rector of the university and has led it through its recent strategic agreements.历史学家、前高等教育副国务秘书齐塔·霍尔瓦特担任该校校长，主持了学校近期的多项战略合作协议。
• Anikó Raisz, a law graduate of the university, became a Hungarian government state secretary for environmental affairs and is among its best-known recent alumni.该校法学院毕业生阿妮科·劳伊兹后来出任匈牙利政府环境事务国务秘书，是近年最知名的校友之一。
• Béla Bartók, Hungary's most famous composer, gave his name to the university's music faculty, although he was not a graduate of the institution.匈牙利最著名的作曲家贝拉·巴托克为该校音乐学院命名，不过他并非这所学校的毕业生。
• Comenius, the 17th-century Czech pedagogue, attended the Protestant college in Sárospatak that later became part of the university, a link stressed in its teacher-training tradition.17 世纪捷克教育家夸美纽斯曾在沙罗什帕塔克的新教学院求学，该学院后来成为大学的一部分，这一渊源在学校的师范教育传统中备受强调。
• Khaled Alhalabi and Okhunjon Sayfidinov, two international graduates featured in the university's alumni success stories, illustrate the reach of a student body drawn from 64 countries.哈立德·阿尔哈拉比与奥洪琼·赛菲迪诺夫是校方校友成功故事中介绍的两名国际毕业生，他们体现了这所拥有 64 国生源大学的国际覆盖面。