University of Michigan-Ann Arbor

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, or Michigan) is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and is the oldest university in the state, founded in 1817 twenty years before Michigan became a state.密歇根大学（简称 UM、U-M 或 Michigan）是位于美国密歇根州安娜堡的一所公立研究型大学，也是该州历史最悠久的高等学府，于 1817 年建校，比密歇根建州早二十年。

The flagship campus was moved from Detroit to Ann Arbor in 1837 and has since grown into a major public flagship with more than 584 buildings across Central and North Campus, and the university is a founding member of the Association of American Universities.主校区于 1837 年从底特律迁至安娜堡，此后发展成一所重要的公立旗舰大学，在中央校区与北校区拥有超过 584 座建筑，并且该校是美国大学协会的创始成员。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed 51st in the world, and its OpenAlex record lists 1,004,666 works with 74,080,149 citations, reflecting a very large research output.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列世界第 51 位，其 OpenAlex 记录收录 1,004,666 篇学术成果并获 74,080,149 次引用，体现了极为庞大的科研产出。

History

• The institution was established in Detroit on 26 August 1817 by the governor and judges of Michigan Territory under the name Catholepistemiad, or the University of Michigania.该机构于 1817 年 8 月 26 日由密歇根领地的州长与法官在底特律创立，定名为 Catholepistemiad 或称 University of Michigania。
• Judge Augustus B. Woodward drafted the founding act with the encouragement of President Thomas Jefferson, and he invited the Rev. John Monteith and Father Gabriel Richard to establish the school.奥古斯都·伍德沃德法官在托马斯·杰斐逊总统的鼓励下起草了创校法案，并邀请约翰·蒙特斯牧师与加布里埃尔·理查德神父共同创办该校。
• John Monteith became the first president and held seven of the professorships, while Gabriel Richard served as vice president and held the other six professorships in the original faculty.约翰·蒙特斯出任首任校长并担任七个教授席位，加布里埃尔·理查德则任副校长并担纲其余六个教授席位。
• The school was officially renamed the University of Michigan in 1821, and Ann Arbor had earlier set aside 40 acres of land in the hope of becoming the state capital.该校于 1821 年正式更名为密歇根大学，而安娜堡此前已预留 40 英亩土地，希望能成为州首府。
• When Lansing was chosen as the state capital instead, the city offered the land for a university, and the institution moved to Ann Arbor in 1837 under Governor Stevens T. Mason.当兰辛被选为州首府后，该城将土地赠予大学，该校遂于 1837 年在史蒂文斯·梅森州长任内迁至安娜堡。
• The original 40 acres formed the basis of the present Central Campus, and the first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841 with six freshmen and one sophomore taught by two professors.最初的 40 英亩构成了今日中央校区的基础，1841 年安娜堡迎来首批课程，由两位教授教导六名新生与一名二年级学生。
• The first commencement in 1845 saw eleven students graduate, and by 1866 enrollment had grown to 1,205 students, many of whom were veterans of the American Civil War.1845 年的首届毕业典礼共有十一名学生毕业，到 1866 年注册人数已增至 1,205 人，其中许多人是美国内战的退伍军人。
• Women were first admitted in 1870, making Michigan one of the first major universities in the United States to admit women on equal terms, after Alice Robinson Boise Wood attended classes unofficially in 1866 and 1867.女性于 1870 年首次获准入学，使密歇根成为美国最早平等招收女性的主要大学之一，此前爱丽丝·伍德曾在 1866 至 1867 年间非正式地旁听课程。
• James Burrill Angell served as president from 1871 to 1909 and aggressively expanded the curriculum to include professional studies in dentistry, architecture, engineering, government, and medicine.詹姆斯·安吉尔于 1871 至 1909 年担任校长，并大力扩展课程，纳入牙医、建筑、工程、政治与医学等职业教育。
• Under Angell the university became the first American university to use the seminar method of study, a pedagogical innovation that later spread widely across higher education.在安吉尔任内，该校成为美国第一所采用研讨教学法的大学，这项教育创新后来在高等教育界广泛传播。
• The Medical School was founded in 1850 and the Law School in 1859, establishing professional education as a central pillar of the institution from an early date.医学院成立于 1850 年，法学院成立于 1859 年，使专业教育从早期便成为该校的核心支柱。
• The university opened its first university hospital in 1869, beginning a tradition of academic medicine that would grow into a large health system serving the wider region.该校于 1869 年开设第一所大学附属医院，开启了学术医学的传统，后来发展为服务整个地区的大型医疗体系。
• In 1900 the university became a founding member of the Association of American Universities, joining other leading research institutions in a consortium devoted to scholarly excellence.1900 年该校成为美国大学协会的创始成员，与其他顶尖研究机构共同组成致力于学术卓越的联盟。
• The Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies was established in 1912, providing a dedicated structure for advanced study and research that expanded rapidly through the twentieth century.霍勒斯·拉克汉姆研究生院于 1912 年成立，为高级研究与科研提供了专门架构，并在二十世纪迅速扩张。
• In 1948 the university founded the Institute for Social Research, which became one of the largest academic survey and behavioral research organizations in the United States.1948 年该校创立社会研究所，后来发展为美国规模最大的学术调查与行为科学研究机构之一。
• Throughout the 1950s and 1960s the university developed its North Campus to accommodate engineering, music, and the arts, relocating several schools to the new site east of the original grounds.在二十世纪五六十年代，该校建设北校区以容纳工程、音乐与艺术学科，并将若干学院迁至原校区以东的新址。
• In 1957 the university established the Michigan Memorial Phoenix Project to explore peaceful uses of atomic energy in honor of those who served in the Second World War.1957 年该校设立密歇根纪念凤凰计划，以探索原子能的和平用途，纪念在第二次世界大战中服役的人士。
• In 2021 a prominent ranking placed Michigan as the top public university in the United States, and the institution continues to operate regional campuses in Flint and Dearborn alongside its Ann Arbor flagship.2021 年一项重要排名将密歇根评为美国顶尖的公立大学，该校至今仍在安娜堡旗舰之外运营弗林特与迪尔伯恩两所区域校区。
• In 2011 the university opened a new building for the C.S. Mott Children's Hospital and the Von Voigtlander Women's Hospital, consolidating pediatric and women's care on the medical campus.2011 年该校为 C.S. 莫特儿童医院与冯·福伊格特兰德妇女医院启用新楼，将儿科与妇女医疗集中到了医学校区。

Academics

• The university is organized into nineteen schools and colleges, including the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, the College of Engineering, the Medical School, and the Ross School of Business.该校下设十九个学院与学部，包括文理学院、工程学院、医学院与罗斯商学院等。
• The College of Engineering is among the largest and most highly ranked engineering schools in the United States, offering programs in aerospace, mechanical, electrical, and computer engineering.工程学院是美国规模最大、排名最高的工学院之一，开设航空、机械、电气与计算机工程等方向的课程。
• The Medical School, founded in 1850, is consistently ranked among the top medical schools in the country and is integrated with the extensive Michigan Medicine health system.医学院成立于 1850 年，长期位居全美顶尖医学院之列，并与庞大的密歇根医学医疗体系紧密整合。
• The Ross School of Business is a leading business school whose MBA program is regularly ranked among the best in the world, with strengths in finance, strategy, and entrepreneurship.罗斯商学院是顶尖商学院之一，其 MBA 项目常年位居世界前列，在金融、战略与创业领域实力突出。
• The School of Information, the School of Public Health, the Law School, and the School of Education represent the university's broad professional offerings across public and applied fields.信息学院、公共卫生学院、法学院与教育学院体现了该校在公共与应用领域广泛的专业学位设置。
• In 2018 the university reported a total enrollment of 46,002 students, of whom 29,821 were undergraduates and 16,181 were postgraduate students.2018 年该校报告在校学生总数为 46,002 人，其中本科生 29,821 人，研究生与专业学生 16,181 人。
• The academic staff numbered 6,771 in 2018, supporting a student body across more than 280 degree programs at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels.2018 年该校教学人员为 6,771 人，在本科、研究生与专业层次开设超过 280 个学位项目。
• The university holds an endowment of about 12.4 billion US dollars as of 2019, placing it among the wealthiest public universities in the nation.截至 2019 年，该校捐赠基金约为 124 亿美元，位居全美最富有的公立大学之列。
• The annual budget reached about 8.99 billion US dollars in 2018, reflecting the scale of its teaching, research, and patient care operations.2018 年该校年度预算约为 89.9 亿美元，体现出其在教学、科研与患者照护方面的庞大规模。
• Michigan is classified as an R1 Doctoral University with very high research activity and is a leading producer of Fulbright Scholars and MacArthur Fellows.密歇根被归类为科研活动极高的 R1 级博士大学，并且是富布赖特学者与麦克阿瑟研究员的重要培养基地。
• As of October 2019 the university counted 26 Nobel Prize laureates, 6 Turing Award winners, 1 Fields Medalist, and 53 MacArthur genius grant winners among its affiliates.截至 2019 年 10 月，该校共有 26 位诺贝尔奖得主、6 位图灵奖得主、1 位菲尔兹奖得主以及 53 位麦克阿瑟天才奖得主与之相关。
• The University Library is one of the largest research library systems in the United States, with more than 13 million volumes held across its many branches.大学图书馆是美国最大的研究型图书馆系统之一，各分馆共收藏超过 1,300 万册文献。
• The university operates the Michigan Medicine health system, which includes the comprehensive University of Michigan Health hospital and numerous affiliated clinics and research institutes.该校运营密歇根医学医疗体系，包括综合性的密歇根大学健康医院以及众多附属诊所与研究机构。
• The College of Literature, Science, and the Arts is the oldest and largest of the schools, providing the liberal arts foundation for the majority of undergraduates before they enter professional schools.文理学院是历史最悠久、规模最大的学院，为多数本科生在进入专业学院前提供通识教育基础。
• The School of Music, Theatre and Dance, the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning, and the School of Nursing further broaden a curriculum that spans the humanities, sciences, and professions.音乐戏剧与舞蹈学院、陶布建筑与城市规划学院以及护理学院进一步拓展了横跨人文、科学与专业的课程体系。
• The university is home to the University of Michigan and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute in China, a partnership founded in 2006 that grants degrees in engineering.该校在中国设有上海交通大学密歇根学院，这是 2006 年创立的合作办学机构，授予工程类学位。

Campus

• The Ann Arbor campus spans more than 584 major buildings with a combined area exceeding 34 million gross square feet, divided between Central Campus and North Campus.安娜堡校区拥有超过 584 座主要建筑，总建筑面积超过 3,400 万平方英尺，分为中央校区与北校区两部分。
• Central Campus is the historic heart of the university, containing the Diag, the graduate library, and many of the undergraduate colleges within a walkable urban setting.中央校区是该校历史悠久的核心，包含对角广场、研究生图书馆以及多所本科学院，整体呈可步行的城市格局。
• North Campus, developed from the 1950s, houses the College of Engineering, the School of Music Theatre and Dance, and the Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning.北校区自二十世纪五十年代起发展，容纳工程学院、音乐戏剧与舞蹈学院以及陶布建筑与城市规划学院。
• The university also maintains two regional campuses, in Flint and Dearborn, as well as a center in Detroit, extending its reach across the state of Michigan.该校还设有弗林特与迪尔伯恩两所区域校区，并在底特律设有中心，将影响力扩展至密歇根全州。
• The Michigan Stadium, known as the Big House, seats more than 100,000 spectators and is the largest stadium in the United States and one of the largest in the world.密歇根体育场俗称「大房子」，可容纳超过 10 万名观众，是美国最大的体育场，也是世界最大的体育场之一。
• The campus is bordered by the Huron River and includes the Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum, providing extensive green space for research and recreation.校区毗邻休伦河，并包含马特伊植物园与尼科尔斯植物园，为研究与休闲提供广阔的绿地。
• The Law Quadrangle, with its Collegiate Gothic architecture, and the Burton Memorial Tower, which houses a carillon, are among the most recognizable landmarks of the campus.采用学院哥特式风格的法学方庭，以及设有钟琴的伯顿纪念塔，都是校园中最具辨识度的地标。
• The Stephen M. Ross Athletic Campus, the Matthaei Botanical Gardens and Nichols Arboretum, and the North Campus Research Complex extend the university's physical footprint beyond the historic Central Campus.斯蒂芬·罗斯体育园区、马特伊植物园与尼科尔斯植物园以及北校区研究综合体，将该校的实体版图延伸到历史中央校区之外。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Michigan is placed 51st in the world, reflecting its standing as a leading public research university.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，密歇根大学位列世界第 51 位，彰显其作为顶尖公立研究型大学的地位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it 23rd in the world, among the highest positions of any public university globally.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列居世界第 23 位，是全球公立大学中最高的名次之一。
• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 the university stands 35th in the world, reflecting strength in research and highly cited scholarship.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位居世界第 35 位，体现出其在科研与高被引学术方面的实力。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026 to 2027 ranks the university 21st in the world, affirming its broad international standing.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将该校列为世界第 21 位，印证其广泛的国际地位。
• The OpenAlex database attributes 1,004,666 works to the university with 74,080,149 citations, a measure of its enormous research output.OpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 1,004,666 篇学术成果并获得 74,080,149 次引用，是衡量其庞大科研产出的指标。
• Michigan has been called a Public Ivy and is regularly ranked among the very best public universities in the United States, including a ranking that named it the top public university in 2021.密歇根素有「公立常春藤」之称，并经常位居全美最优秀公立大学之列，其中 2021 年的一项排名将其评为全美第一公立大学。
• Among its affiliates are 26 Nobel Prize laureates and 8 heads of state or government, including Gerald Ford, the thirty eighth President of the United States.与该校相关的杰出人士中包括 26 位诺贝尔奖得主与 8 位国家元首或政府首脑，其中含美国第三十八任总统杰拉尔德·福特。
• In subject rankings the university performs especially strongly in medicine, engineering, social sciences, and business, with many programs placed in the top ten nationally.在学科排名中，该校在医学、工程、社会科学与商学等领域尤为强劲，众多项目位居全美前十。
• Michigan's faculty and alumni include members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.密歇根的教师与校友中包括美国国家科学院、国家工程院与美国艺术与科学院院士。

Student life

• The university motto is Artes, Scientia, Veritas, meaning Arts, Knowledge, and Truth in Latin, and it appears on the institutional seal and ceremonial materials.该校校训为拉丁文 Artes，Scientia，Veritas，意为「艺术、知识、真理」，见于校徽与各类礼仪场合。
• Athletic teams are known as the Wolverines and compete in the Big Ten Conference at the NCAA Division I level, with a storied tradition in football, basketball, and ice hockey.该校运动队称为「狼獾队」，在 NCAA 第一级别的大十联盟中竞赛，在橄榄球、篮球与冰球方面拥有悠久传统。
• The Michigan Marching Band performs at football games in the Big House, and the student section is known for the chant Go Blue that unifies the crowd.密歇根行进乐队在「大房子」的橄榄球赛中演奏，学生看台以齐声高喊 Go Blue 而团结一致。
• Student housing ranges from historic residence halls on Central Campus to North Campus apartments, and the university supports more than 1,500 student organizations.学生住宿从中央校区的历史宿舍到北校区公寓不等，该校还支持超过 1,500 个学生社团。
• The Diag, a central green space crossed by winding pathways, is the social and geographic heart of campus where students gather between classes.对角广场是一片由蜿蜒小径穿过的中央绿地，是校园社交与地理的核心，学生常在课间聚于此地。
• The tradition of tossing a penny onto the grave of former president James Angell for good luck before exams remains a beloved student custom.考前向后校长詹姆斯·安吉尔之墓投掷硬币以求好运，至今仍是深受学生喜爱的传统。
• The University of Michigan Museum of Art and the Museum of Natural History provide cultural and scientific programming that is open to students and the wider public.密歇根大学艺术博物馆与自然史博物馆提供面向学生与公众的文化与科学活动。
• Landmarks such as the Cube sculpture on the engineering campus, and the intense rivalry with Ohio State University, animate campus identity throughout the academic year.工程校区的「方块」雕塑等地标，以及与俄亥俄州立大学的激烈对抗，在整学年中活跃着校园的认同感。
• The annual Festifall and Winterfest events bring student organizations to the Diag, and the university's more than 1,600 registered student groups include the Michigan Daily newspaper, founded in 1890.年度 Festifall 与 Winterfest 活动把学生社团带到对角广场，该校一千六百多个注册学生社团中包括创办于 1890 年的《密歇根日报》。

Notable people

• John Monteith, a Presbyterian minister, was the first president of the institution in 1817, and Father Gabriel Richard, a Catholic priest, served as vice president and helped establish its early curriculum.约翰·蒙特斯是一位长老会牧师，于 1817 年出任该校首任校长，而加布里埃尔·理查德神父则任副校长并协助建立早期课程。
• Augustus B. Woodward, a territorial judge, drafted the 1817 act that created the university and shaped its novel faculty governed structure.奥古斯都·伍德沃德是一位领地法官，起草了 1817 年创立该校的法案，并塑造了其由教员治理的新颖架构。
• James Burrill Angell served as president from 1871 to 1909 and expanded the university into a modern research institution with professional schools.詹姆斯·安吉尔于 1871 至 1909 年担任校长，将该校拓展为一所设有专业学院的现代研究型大学。
• Samuel Chao Chung Ting, a Michigan alumnus, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1976 for the discovery of the J/psi particle, and is a prominent Chinese-American physicist.丁肇中是密歇根大学校友，因发现 J/psi 粒子荣获 1976 年诺贝尔物理学奖，是著名的美籍华裔物理学家。
• Lawrence Klein, a Michigan alumnus, received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1980 for his work on econometric models of economic fluctuation.劳伦斯·克莱因是密歇根校友，因在经济波动计量模型方面的贡献荣获 1980 年诺贝尔经济学奖。
• Stanley Cohen, a Michigan alumnus, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for the discovery of growth factors.斯坦利·科恩是密歇根校友，因发现生长因子荣获 1986 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Robert Shiller, a Michigan alumnus, received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 2013 for his analysis of asset prices, and is a leading financial economist.罗伯特·席勒是密歇根校友，因对资产价格的分析荣获 2013 年诺贝尔经济学奖，是著名的金融经济学家。
• Gerald Ford, a Michigan alumnus, served as the thirty eighth President of the United States from 1974 to 1977, the only president who was also an alumnus of the university.杰拉尔德·福特是密歇根校友，于 1974 至 1977 年出任美国第三十八任总统，也是唯一一位该校出身的总统。
• Larry Page, a Michigan alumnus and co-founder of Google, built one of the world's most influential technology companies after studying computer engineering at the university.拉里·佩奇是密歇根校友，也是谷歌联合创始人，他在该校攻读计算机工程后创建了全球最具影响力的科技公司之一。
• Claude Shannon earned his bachelor's degrees in electrical engineering and mathematics at Michigan in 1936 and later became known as the father of information theory.克劳德·香农于 1936 年在密歇根取得电气工程与数学学士学位，后来被誉为信息论之父。
• Jeannette Rankin, a Michigan alumna, became the first woman elected to the United States Congress in 1916, representing Montana and advancing the cause of peace.珍妮特·兰金是密歇根校友，于 1916 年成为首位当选美国国会议员的女性，代表蒙大拿州并推动和平事业。