University of Maryland, Baltimore

The University of Maryland, Baltimore, commonly written UMB, is a public graduate and professional university on the west side of downtown Baltimore, founded in 1807 as the state's second oldest college and serving as the original campus of the University System of Maryland.马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校（University of Maryland，Baltimore，简称 UMB）是巴尔的摩市中心西侧的一所公立研究生与专业学院大学，1807 年创办、为马里兰州第二古老的学院，也是马里兰大学系统的初始校区。

It concentrates on health and human-services professions and carries some of the oldest professional schools of dentistry, law, medicine, pharmacy, social work and nursing in the United States, holding 71 acres beside the central business district.该校集中于健康与人类服务类专业，拥有美国最古老的牙科、法律、医学、药学、社会工作和护理等专业学院之一，校区占地 71 英亩、紧邻市中心。

UMB shares a strategic alliance with the flagship campus at College Park, is ranked in the 801-850 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, and, unlike its Maryland neighbours, offers no NCAA varsity athletics.该校与帕克分校（College Park）旗舰校区结成战略伙伴关系，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 801-850 位，且与马里兰其余高校不同，不提供 NCAA 校际竞技体育。

History

• The institution traces its origin to 1807, when it was founded as the Maryland College of Medicine, an act that also makes its later medical school the first publicly chartered medical school in the United States.该校源头可追溯至 1807 年，彼时以「马里兰医学院」（Maryland College of Medicine）之名创办，此举也使其后身的医学院成为全美第一所公立医学院。

• In 1812 the college was rechartered under the name University of Maryland and received authority to add faculties of law, divinity and arts and sciences, converting a single medical school into a multi-faculty university.1812 年，学院改组并以「马里兰大学」（University of Maryland）之名重新获得特许状，获准增设法律、神学与文艺科学学院，由单一医学院变为多学科大学。

• The faculty of law was established in 1816, though it operated only intermittently until 1868, a gap that mirrors the uneven early history of legal education in the young republic.法律学院创建于 1816 年，但其后断断续续办学直至 1868 年，这一空档正反映了共和国早期法学教育的不稳定历程。

• A parallel faculty of arts and sciences, known as the Baltimore College for undergraduates, likewise opened and closed repeatedly through the early nineteenth century before lapsing entirely.与之并行的文艺科学学院名为「巴尔的摩学院」（Baltimore College）承担本科教育，同样在十九世纪早期几度兴办又停办，最终一度中断。

• From 1907 to 1920 St. John's College in Annapolis served as the arts and sciences faculty of the University of Maryland, a loose federation that dissolved when the arrangement ended.1907 年至 1920 年间，安纳波利斯的圣约翰学院（St. John's College）充当马里兰大学的文艺科学学院，这一松散联合体在安排结束后随之解散。

• In 1920 the Maryland State College, descended from the Maryland Agricultural College founded in 1856 as the state's land-grant institution, joined a larger University of Maryland built around the Baltimore professional schools.1920 年，源自 1856 年创办、作为本州赠地学院的马里兰农业学院之后的马里兰州立学院，并入以巴尔的摩专业学院为核心的更大规模马里兰大学。

• The School of Graduate Studies was organised in 1918, giving the graduate and professional campus a standing administrative unit for doctoral and master's programmes.研究生院成立于 1918 年，为这所以研究生与专业教育为主的校区设立常设行政单位，统管博士与硕士项目。

• In 1970 the General Assembly of Maryland created a five-campus University of Maryland network, pairing the Baltimore professional campus with Baltimore County, College Park, Eastern Shore and the Global Campus.1970 年，马里兰州议会组建五校区马里兰大学网络，将巴尔的摩专业学院校区与巴尔的摩县分校、帕克分校、海岸分校和全球校园并列。

• That network was led by a system-wide president seated at College Park with a chancellor over each campus, and in 1988 it merged with the State University and College System of Maryland to form today's University System of Maryland.该网络由设于帕克分校的系统总校长统辖、各校区设一名校长，并于 1988 年与马里兰州立大学学院系统合并，组建今日的马里兰大学系统。

• UMB therefore stands as the founding campus of the modern system, a lineage the university stresses even though it and the College Park flagship remain legally separate bodies.因此 UMB 是当今马里兰大学系统的创始校区，尽管它与帕克旗舰分校在法律上仍是互不隶属的独立机构，校方仍强调这一源头地位。

• In 2012 UMB and the flagship University of Maryland, College Park united under the MPowering the State initiative to combine their complementary clinical, professional and research strengths.2012 年，UMB 与旗舰分校帕克马里兰大学借「MPowering the State」计划结盟，整合二者互补的临床、专业与研究实力。

• The University of Maryland Strategic Partnership Act of 2016 converted that cooperation into a statutory union, and the two campuses jointly administer interdisciplinary degree programmes through a shared governance framework.2016 年《马里兰大学战略伙伴关系法案》将合作升格为法定联合，两校区经共同治理框架联合管理跨学科学位项目。

• By the National Science Foundation's accounting the university spent a combined 1.1 billion dollars on research and development in 2019, placing it fourteenth among all United States institutions and eighth among public universities.据美国国家科学基金会核算，该校在 2019 年研发支出合计达 11 亿美元，在全美高校中列第 14 位、公立大学中列第 8 位。

• The School of Dentistry moved into a new facility in October 2006 at a construction and equipment cost above 140 million dollars, the largest sum Maryland has spent on a single academic building.牙科学院于 2006 年 10 月迁入新楼，建造与设备投入逾 1.4 亿美元，是马里兰州为一座教学楼所花的最高金额。

• The School of Law replaced its earlier modernistic structure with an English Tudor Revival building on the same northwest Baltimore site in 2002, next to the restored Westminster Hall.法学院于 2002 年在同一西北巴尔的摩校址以英国都铎复兴式建筑替换原先的现代主义楼，毗邻修复后的西敏厅（Westminster Hall）。

• Its Health Sciences and Human Services Library, founded in 1813, rebuilt its collection into a five-storey modern building to which it moved in 1998 and where it opened an Innovation Space in 2015.其健康科学与人类服务图书馆创建于 1813 年，馆藏几经搬迁，1998 年迁入一栋五层现代馆舍，并于 2015 年开设创新空间。

• The west-campus BioPark expansion, laid out over ten acres, added ten buildings holding 1.2 million square feet of classroom, laboratory and office space, reshaping the campus footprint in the 2000s.西校区的生物园区扩建横跨十英亩，新增十座建筑、提供 120 万平方英尺教室、实验与办公空间，于二〇〇〇年代重塑校园格局。

• A dedicated UMB Police Department has grown alongside the campus, formally reorganising community outreach through its COAST team in 2018 and earning national recognition in 2020 and 2021.专职的 UMB 警察局随校区一同发展，2018 年经 COAST 团队正式重组社区外展工作，并于 2020 与 2021 年获全国性表彰。

• Free shuttle-bus service connecting the university to West Baltimore, Federal Hill and Mount Vernon began with the 2012-2013 academic year and ran until it was discontinued after summer 2019.连接校园与西巴尔的摩、联邦山及芒特弗农的免费穿梭巴士于 2012-2013 学年开通，运行至 2019 年夏后停办。

• In March 2015 the library unveiled a hands-on Innovation Space fitted with 3D printers and 3D scanners, a late addition to a collection that began with one surgeon's books in 1813.2015 年 3 月，图书馆落成配备 3D 打印机与 3D 扫描仪的实践型创新空间，为这一始于 1813 年一位外科医生藏书基础的馆藏添上晚近一笔。

• By law and tradition each professional school may call itself University of Maryland, a shared title that persists because College Park leans toward research degrees while Baltimore leans toward clinical practice.依法与惯例，各专业学院皆可自称「马里兰大学」，这一共用名沿用至今，是因为帕克侧重研究型学位、而巴尔的摩侧重临床执业。

Academics

• UMB is organised as a cluster of professional schools rather than undergraduate colleges, its degree portfolio dominated by doctoral and master's programmes in health, law and human services.UMB 以一组专业学院建制运行，而非本科学院体系，其学位布局以健康、法律与人类服务领域的博士和硕士项目为主。

• The School of Dentistry began in 1840 as the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, chartered by an act of the Maryland General Assembly and recognised as the first dental school in the world.牙科学院始于 1840 年成立的「巴尔的摩牙科外科学校」（Baltimore College of Dental Surgery），由马里兰州议会特许，被公认为世界上第一所牙科学校。

• Its principal founders, Drs. Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris, established the first science-based curriculum in dentistry, and the school today ranks among the top ten nationally for National Institutes of Health research funding.其奠基人霍拉西·海登医师与查品·哈里斯医师创设了首个以科学为基础的牙科课程，该学院今日在联邦国立卫生研究院科研经费上跻身全美前十。

• The University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law opened in 1816 as the Maryland Law Institute and is the third-oldest law school in the nation, its founding attributed to David Hoffman.马里兰大学弗朗西斯·金·凯里法学院于 1816 年以「马里兰法律研究所」之名开学，是全国第三古老的法学院，其创办归于大卫·霍夫曼。

• David Hoffman wrote a comprehensive course of legal study that shaped programmes elsewhere and helped seed American teaching of legal ethics and professional responsibility.大卫·霍夫曼撰写的系统法学教程影响了全美其他法学项目，并推动了美国法律职业道德与执业责任的教学。

• The School of Medicine, established in 1807, is the fifth oldest medical school in the country and is closely affiliated with the University of Maryland Medical Center and the wider medical system.医学院创立于 1807 年，是全国第五古老的医学院，并与马里兰大学医学中心及更广义的医学体系紧密附属。

• Davidge Hall on its campus, designed by Robert Cary Long in the style of the Roman Pantheon and raised in 1812, is described as the oldest building in the western hemisphere still used for medical teaching.其校园内的戴维奇厅由罗伯特·卡里·朗仿罗马万神殿样式设计、1812 年建成，被称作西半球仍在用于医学教学的最古老建筑。

• The medical school houses the Institute of Human Virology and the Institute for Genome Sciences alongside departments of physical therapy and medical research technology, and it runs combined MD and PhD pathways.医学院设有人类病毒学研究所与基因组科学研究所，并辖物理治疗与医学技术研究学系，同时开设医学博士与哲学博士联合培养路径。

• The School of Nursing was founded in 1889 by Louisa Parsons, a nurse trained in the tradition of Florence Nightingale, and is among the oldest and largest nursing schools in the country.护理学院于 1889 年由路易莎·帕森斯创办，帕森斯承弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔一脉受训，该学院是全国最古老、规模最大的护士学校之一。

• Nursing pioneers a nursing-informatics programme said to be the first in the world and a nursing health-policy programme said to be the first in the nation, with more than twenty graduate specialties.护理学院开创据称世界首创的护理信息学项目与全美首创的护理卫生政策项目，研究生方向逾二十个。

• The School of Pharmacy, founded in 1841, is the fourth oldest pharmacy school in the nation and the first established in Maryland, comprising departments of practice, pharmaceutical sciences and health-services research.药学院创立于 1841 年，是全国第四古老的药学院、马里兰州第一所，下设药学实践、药物科学与卫生服务研究等学系。

• Through the partnership with the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park, the School of Nursing offers joint MS and MBA and PhD and MBA degrees.借助与马里兰大学帕克分校罗伯特·史密斯商院的合作，护理学院提供理学硕士与工商管理硕士、哲学博士与工商管理硕士的联合学位。

• The School of Social Work, whose alumni reach policymaking roles from the State Department to state courts, links its graduate programme to UMBC, which runs the complementary undergraduate offerings.社会工作学院的校友分布于从国务院到州法院的政策岗位，其研究生项目与 UMBC 衔接，后者承办相应的本科培养。

• The School of Graduate Studies oversees 43 degree programmes in total and administers the cross-institutional programmes shared with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.研究生院统管共 43 个学位项目，并负责与巴尔的摩县分校合办的跨机构课程。

• Instruction reaches beyond the purely professional: UMB also teaches a small set of undergraduate courses in nursing, dental hygiene and medical technology, unusual for a graduate-only campus.教学不止于纯专业领域：UMB 亦开设护理、牙科卫生与医疗技术等少量本科课程，这对一所研究型研究生院校区而言颇为少见。

• The school of medicine offers combined degrees including an MD and MPH, an MD and MS, and a Medical Scientist Training Program that awards an MD and PhD to physician-scientists.医学院提供医学硕士与公共卫生硕士、医学硕士与理学硕士等联合学位，并设授予临床与科学双博士的医学科学家培训项目。

• Admissions selectivity varies widely across the professional schools, from the pharmacy school's narrow acceptance rate to the law school's broader intake of roughly two hundred and twenty-five full-time students each year.各专业学院录取门槛差异悬殊，从药学院极低录取率到法学院每年约 225 名全日制学生的较宽招生规模不一而足。

• The law school reports a median undergraduate grade point average of 3.47 and a median Law School Admission Test score of 158, admitting about 52 percent of its applicants each cycle.法学院公布本科中位绩点 3.47、法学院入学考试中位分 158，每一招生季约录取申请人的 52%。

Campus

• The whole university occupies 71 acres on the west side of downtown Baltimore, a dense urban footprint made up of 58 buildings clustered near Camden Yards, the convention centre and the city's Lexington Market.全校占据巴尔的摩市中心西侧 71 英亩，是 58 座建筑构成的紧凑都市校园，紧邻卡姆登球场、会议中心与城市列克星敦市场。

• A new 114,000 square foot campus centre begun in 2007 opened in August 2009 as the Southern Management Corporation Campus Center, holding dining halls, meeting rooms and the URecFit gymnasium.一栋 11.4 万平方英尺的校园中心 2007 年动工、2009 年 8 月以南方管理公司校园中心之名落成，内设餐饮、会议室与 URecFit 健身馆。

• The ten-acre BioPark expansion on the western edge added ten buildings carrying some 1.2 million square feet of classroom, laboratory and office space, the largest recent capital programme of the campus.西侧十英亩的生物园区扩建新增十座建筑、容纳约 120 万平方英尺教室、实验与办公空间，是校园近年最大的基建项目。

• Alongside the BioPark, the University of Maryland Medical System cleared a downtown site for a 329-million-dollar ambulatory care centre, deepening the clinical character of the district.与生物园区同步，马里兰大学医疗系统在市内部署一处投资 3.29 亿美元的门诊医疗中心用地，进一步强化该区域的临床属性。

• The University Center and Baltimore Street station of the Baltimore Light Rail sits at the eastern edge of campus, linking students to the rail network that reaches Washington through Camden Station.巴尔的摩轻轨的校园中心与巴尔的摩街车站坐落于校区东缘，经卡姆登站将学生接入通往华盛顿的轨道网。

• Free Charm City Circulator bus service on its Orange Route runs through the campus to the Inner Harbor, and a MARC train from Camden Station connects Baltimore to the College Park flagship.免费的查姆西环线公交橙线穿行校园直至内港，卡姆登站的 MARC 列车则将巴尔的摩与帕克旗舰校区相连。

• The campus is patrolled by the accredited University of Maryland, Baltimore Police Department, whose officers hold the same jurisdiction as city police and provide Safe Walk and Safe Ride services.校园由经认证的马里兰大学巴尔的摩警察局巡逻，警员与市警享有同等辖区权，并提供安全步行与安全乘车护送服务。

• Its police community outreach team was recognized in 2021 by the International Association of Chiefs of Police and Walmart for leadership in community policing among mid-size agencies.该校警社区外展团队于 2021 年获国际警察局长协会与沃尔玛表彰，被评为中型机构中的社区警务示范。

• UMB maintains two main libraries, the Health Sciences and Human Services Library and the Thurgood Marshall Law Library, both open to faculty, students and alumni across the university system.UMB 设有两座主图书馆，即健康科学与人类服务图书馆和瑟古德·马歇尔法律图书馆，均向系统内教职工、学生与校友开放。

Reputation

• The QS World University Rankings 2027 place the University of Maryland, Baltimore in the 801-850 band, the ranking position on which this entry is written.2027 年 QS 世界大学排名将马里兰大学巴尔的摩分校列入第 801-850 位，本条目即据此档位收录。

• No position is recorded for UMB in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, so the school is described here as not entering THE 2027 榜单 rather than by any substitute historical placement.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名未收录 UMB，故本条目记其未进入 THE 2027 榜单，而不以任何往年名次顶替。

• In the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities ranking the university is placed at number 322 worldwide, its strongest showing among the major global tables.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列全球第 322 位，是其于主要世界榜单中最靠前的名次。

• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities by ARWU places UMB in the 501-600 band, a subject-weighted position that reflects its clinical and life-science output.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将 UMB 列入第 501-600 档，这一学科加权名次反映其临床与生命科学产出。

• Its standing is measured less by global aggregates than by professional-school ranks, with the School of Medicine placed 27th for research and 12th for primary care in US News for 2022.该校地位更多由专业学院而非全球综合名次衡量，医学院在 2022 年 US News 中列研究第 27 位、初级医疗第 12 位。

• On subject lines the School of Nursing ranked 6th nationally in 2015 and the School of Pharmacy 9th in 2016, while the School of Law held 48th among American law schools in 2017.学科维度上，护理学院 2015 年列全美第 6 位、药学院 2016 年第 9 位，法学院在 2017 年美国法学院榜列第 48 位。

• As a quantified research indicator the university reports combined research and development spending of 1.1 billion dollars in 2019, fourteenth in the nation according to the National Science Foundation.作为可量化科研指标，该校公布 2019 年研发支出合计 11 亿美元，据美国国家科学基金会列全美第 14 位。

• No confirmed Nobel, Turing or Fields laureate is documented among the faculty, so the school's hardest honours are institutional: its professional-school rankings and its national research-spend position.教师中未见确证的诺贝尔奖、图灵奖或菲尔兹奖得主，故该校最硬的荣誉属机构层面：各专业学院名次与全美科研经费排名。

Student life

• Because UMB is a professional and graduate campus, student life centres on clinical training, library study and community service rather than on residential college traditions or varsity sport.由于 UMB 是专业与研究生校区，学生生活以临床训练、图书馆研习与社区服务为主，而非住宿学院传统或校际竞技体育。

• The campus's free shuttle, Safe Walk and Safe Ride programmes were the everyday mobility and safety network for a commuter population working late in laboratories and clinics.校园的免费班车、安全步行与安全乘车项目，构成了在实验室与诊所工作至深夜的走读学生的日常出行与安全网络。

• URecFit, the fitness and recreation facility inside the Southern Management Corporation Campus Center, anchors the limited but present recreational life on the compact downtown site.南方管理公司校园中心内的 URecFit 健身与康乐设施，为这块紧凑的市中心校区提供虽有限但确实存在的康乐生活。

• Students and the public can consult the Thurgood Marshall Law Library, whose more than 400,000 volumes of Anglo-American legal materials are open to the university community and beyond.学生与公众皆可利用瑟古德·马歇尔法律图书馆，其逾 40 万册英美法律馆藏向全校乃至校外开放。

• The Health Sciences and Human Services Library offers 45 group study rooms, three computer classrooms and a Presentation Practice Studio, giving graduate students structured space for collaborative work.健康科学与人类服务图书馆提供 45 间小组自习室、三间计算机教室与演示练习工作室，为研究生提供协作学习的规范空间。

• The School of Nursing runs a Living History Museum, opened in October 1999, that documents the profession from its earliest days and is used for student and community programming.护理学院设有 1999 年 10 月开幕的护理生活历史博物馆，记录该职业自肇始以来的历程，供学生与社区活动使用。

• Restored Westminster Hall, the former church beside the law school, hosts lectures and campus events and is frequently requested for weddings and other social ceremonies.法学院旁修复后的西敏厅前身为教堂，用于举办讲座与校园活动，常被预约用于婚礼及其他社交仪式。

• Student interns from the School of Social Work partner with the campus police to extend services to vulnerable groups, folding community engagement into the professional curriculum.社会工作学院的学生实习者与校园警察合作、扩大对弱势群体的服务，把社区参与纳入专业课程之中。

Notable people

• Its origins are tied to named founders rather than a single person, from Drs. Horace Hayden and Chapin Harris, who chartered the world's first dental school in 1840, to David Hoffman, founder of the law faculty.其源头系于多位具名创办者而非一人，自 1840 年特许创办世界首所牙科学校的霍拉西·海登与查品·哈里斯两位医师，到法律学院创办人大卫·霍夫曼。

• Louisa Parsons, trained in the school of Florence Nightingale, founded the School of Nursing in 1889 and fixed the institution's place among the oldest nursing programmes in the country.承弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔一脉受训的路易莎·帕森斯于 1889 年创办护理学院，使该校跻身全国最古老护理项目之列。

• Edgar Allan Poe, the poet and writer buried in the Western Burying Grounds beside the law school, gives UMB the distinction of being the only United States law school with a famous author interred on campus.长眠于法学院旁西公墓的诗人与作家埃德加·爱伦·坡，使 UMB 成为全美唯一校园内葬有名家的法学院。

• Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, a Baltimore native, is commemorated in the law library that bears his name and holds his city's civil-rights legacy within the school.出身巴尔的摩的联邦最高法院大法官瑟古德·马歇尔以己名留于法律图书馆，该馆在校内承载其故乡的民权遗产。

• Among its alumni are the Maryland governors Austin Crothers, Albert Ritchie, Herbert O'Conor, Theodore McKeldin and Martin O'Malley, the last of whom served as mayor of Baltimore before leading the state.其校友中包括多位马里兰州长：奥斯汀·克罗瑟斯、阿尔伯特·里奇、赫伯特·奥康纳、西奥多·麦克尔丁与马丁·奥马利，末位曾在主政全州前担任巴尔的摩市长。

• Its graduates also filled the United States Senate for Maryland, including Millard Tydings, Joseph Tydings, Barbara Mikulski, Ben Cardin and Charles Mathias across several generations of public service.其毕业生亦多次出任马里兰联邦参议员，包括米拉德·泰丁斯、约瑟夫·泰丁斯、芭芭拉·米库尔斯基、本·卡丁与查尔斯·马西亚斯，跨越数代公共服务。

• State judges trained there include Lynne Battaglia, Clayton Greene, Glenn Harrell and Alan Wilner of the Maryland Court of Appeals, and Andre Davis, who rose to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.在此受训的州法官包括州上诉法院的林恩·巴塔利亚、克莱顿·格林、格伦·哈雷尔与艾伦·威尔纳，以及升至联邦第四巡回上诉法院的安德烈·戴维斯。

• In medicine its alumni reach includes Samuel Mudd, the physician convicted for aiding the assassin of Abraham Lincoln, and F. Mason Sones, credited as the inventor of coronary angiography.医学方面，其校友包括因协助刺杀亚伯拉罕·林肯的凶手而定罪的医师塞缪尔·马德，以及被誉为冠状动脉造影术发明者的梅森·索恩斯。

• Others who trained at the professional schools extend beyond government, from wine critic Robert Parker and diplomat Wendy Sherman to the physician Archibald Graham, later famous through the film Field of Dreams.在这几所专业学院受训者不止从政，从葡萄酒评论家小罗伯特·帕克、外交官温迪·谢尔曼，到日后因电影《梦幻成真》闻名的医师阿奇博尔德·格雷厄姆皆有。

• On the faculty side, current and past leaders such as the law dean Renee Hutchins, an authority on the Fourth Amendment, and the surgeon Brajesh Lal, a specialist in stroke prevention, represent its professional standing.教师一侧，法学院院长蕾妮·哈钦斯作为第四修正案权威、预防中风的脑外科医师布拉杰什·拉尔等现任与前任学术领袖，代表其专业地位。