University of Mannheim

The University of Mannheim is a public research university in Mannheim in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, whose history reaches back to the Palatine Academy of Sciences founded at Mannheim Palace by Elector Carl Theodor in 1763 and to the Municipal Commercial College Mannheim of 1907.曼海姆大学是一所位于德国巴登-符腾堡州曼海姆市的公立研究型大学，其历史可追溯至 1763 年由选帝侯卡尔·特奥多尔在曼海姆宫创办的普法尔茨科学院，以及 1907 年成立的曼海姆市立经贸学院。

It gained full university status on 4 July 1967, is organised into five schools and two graduate colleges, concentrates on business administration, economics, law, the social sciences, the humanities and business informatics and mathematics, and enrols about 12,000 students.该校于 1967 年 7 月 4 日正式取得大学地位，现设 5 个学院与 2 个研究生院，以企业经济学、经济学、法学、社会科学、人文学科以及经济信息学与数学为重点，在校学生约 12,000 人。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 425th, the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking places it joint 224th, the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranks it 795th and the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities puts it in the 701-800 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列第 425 位；2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名并列第 224 位；2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 795 位；2026 年世界大学学术排名处于 701 至 800 区间。

History

• In 1763 Elector Carl Theodor founded the Palatine Academy of Sciences at Mannheim Palace, the earliest predecessor of the present university, founded as a centre of Enlightenment scholarship in the Electoral Palatinate.1763 年，选帝侯卡尔·特奥多尔在曼海姆宫创办普法尔茨科学院，这是现今大学最早的渊源，该院也是普法尔茨选侯国启蒙学术的中心。

• Carl Theodor resided in the palace from 1742 until 1777, and the constitution of his academy supplied the line In Omnibus Veritas Suprema Lex Esto that the university still uses.卡尔·特奥多尔于 1742 年至 1777 年间居住在曼海姆宫，其科学院的章程留下了「万物之中唯真理至上」一语，至今仍为该校所用。

• In 1907 the Municipal Commercial College Mannheim was founded on the initiative of senior mayor Otto Beck and the economics professor Eberhard Gothein as a college for future merchants.1907 年，在市长沙特·贝克与经济学者埃伯哈德·戈特海因的倡议下，曼海姆市立经贸学院成立，旨在培养未来的商务人才。

• The Commercial College taught business administration, economics, pedagogy, psychology, law, languages and the humanities.这所经贸学院教授企业经济学、经济学、教育学、心理学、法学、语言与人文学科。

• In 1908 it became the first higher education institution in Germany to employ a female professor, and a quarter of its students were women.1908 年，它成为德国第一所聘用女性教授的高等院校，当时学生中约四分之一为女性。

• Otto Selz, a philosopher and psychologist of Jewish background, taught at the college from 1923 and served as its rector in 1929 and 1930.犹太裔哲学家与心理学家奥托·塞尔茨自 1923 年起在该院任教，并于 1929 至 1930 年出任院长。

• In 1933 the Nazi municipal administration merged the college into Heidelberg University.1933 年，纳粹掌控的市政当局把这所经贸学院并入海德堡大学。

• On 6 April 1933 Otto Selz was dismissed under the Badischer Judenerlass, a decree banning Jewish academics from German universities, and he was executed at Auschwitz in 1943, with only three of the college's fourteen Jewish docents surviving the Holocaust.1933 年 4 月 6 日，奥托·塞尔茨依「巴登犹太人法令」这一禁止犹太学者任职的政令被解职，他于 1943 年在奥斯维辛集中营遇害，学院 14 名犹太教师中仅有 3 人幸存。

• Mannheim was bombed heavily from December 1940, and the raid of 5 and 6 September 1943 destroyed a large part of the city.曼海姆自 1940 年 12 月起遭到猛烈轰炸，1943 年 9 月 5 日至 6 日的空袭击毁了城市的大部分。

• In 1944 Mannheim Palace was almost entirely destroyed, leaving only one room undamaged out of more than 500, and by May 1945 only about 30 per cent of the city's building stock remained.1944 年曼海姆宫几乎全毁，500 多个房间中仅有一间幸存；到 1945 年 5 月，全城建筑存量仅剩约三成。

• In 1946 the college reopened as the State College for Economics Mannheim with a student body of 586 in its first year.1946 年，学院以「曼海姆国立经济学院」之名复办，首年招收学生 586 名。

• In 1955 it moved into the rebuilt East Wing of Mannheim Palace, and the seal still in use today was created in the same year.1955 年，学院迁入重建后的曼海姆宫东翼，沿用至今的校徽也在同一年设计完成。

• Between 1955 and 1973 the palace became the core of the campus, bringing administration, teaching and the library together under one roof.1955 年至 1973 年间，曼海姆宫逐渐成为校园核心，把行政、教学与图书馆集中在同一座建筑之内。

• In 1963 the college extended its faculties to three, covering business administration and social sciences, philosophy and philological sciences, and law.1963 年，学院把学系扩展为 3 个，分别涵盖企业经济学与社会科学、哲学与语文学，以及法学。

• On 4 July 1967 it gained university status and became the University of Mannheim with about 3,000 registered students.1967 年 7 月 4 日，学院取得大学地位并更名为曼海姆大学，当时注册学生约 3,000 人。

• In 1969 the number of faculties rose to eight with the addition of economics, geography and political sciences and the splitting of the older faculties.1969 年，随着经济学、地理学与政治学的加入以及原有学系的分设，学系数量增至 8 个。

• In 2000 the Business School received accreditation from the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business, and the university began the Renaissance of the Baroque Palace campaign to raise funds for the main campus.2000 年，其商学院获得国际商学院促进协会的认证；同年学校发起「巴洛克宫殿复兴」募款活动，用于主校区修缮与扩建。

• That campaign raised 53 million euros, with which 24 lecture halls, the palace facade and a new library inside the palace were renovated, and a palace museum opened in the central part of the building in 2007.该活动募集到 5,300 万欧元，用于修缮 24 个讲堂、宫殿外立面并在宫内新建图书馆；2007 年，宫殿中部还开设了宫殿博物馆。

• From 2002 the university closed departments and merged faculties to strengthen economics and the social sciences, a reform that prompted a demonstration by about 1,000 students and professors in September 2006 before passing in 2008.自 2002 年起，学校通过撤销部分学系、合并原有学院来加强经济学与社会科学，这一改革在 2006 年 9 月引发约 1,000 名师生示威，最终于 2008 年通过。

• In 2005 the Mannheim Business School was founded, and from 2007 to 2017 the university was funded under the Excellence Initiative, establishing the Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences.2005 年，曼海姆商学院成立；2007 年至 2017 年，学校在卓越计划资助下设立了经济与社会科学研究生院。

• In 2017 it opened a new research and teaching building on square B6 and the Study and Conference Center of the Mannheim Business School behind the West Wing, and since October 2024 the university has been headed by rector Thomas Fetzer.2017 年，学校在 B6 街区启用新的科研教学楼，并在宫殿西翼之后建成曼海姆商学院学习与会议中心；自 2024 年 10 月起，学校由校长托马斯·费策尔领导。

Academics

• The university is organised into five schools: the Business School, the School of Law and Economics, the School of Social Sciences, the School of Humanities, and the School of Business Informatics and Mathematics.该校设 5 个学院，分别是商学院、法律与经济学院、社会科学学院、人文学院，以及经济信息学与数学学院。

• It also has two graduate colleges, the Mannheim Business School founded in 2005 and the Graduate School of Economic and Social Sciences founded in 2007.学校另设 2 个研究生院：2005 年成立的曼海姆商学院与 2007 年成立的经济与社会科学研究生院。

• Degrees are offered at bachelor's, master's and doctoral level in business administration, economics, law, social sciences, humanities, mathematics, computer science and information systems.学校在企业经济学、经济学、法学、社会科学、人文学科、数学、计算机科学与信息系统等方向开设学士、硕士与博士学位项目。

• Many programmes combine non-economic subjects such as literature, cultural studies, law or mathematics with business studies and economics.许多专业把文学、文化研究、法学或数学等非经济类学科与企业经济学、经济学结合起来。

• As of 2016 Mannheim was the only German university with an international academic calendar divided into a fall and a spring term.截至 2016 年，曼海姆大学是德国唯一采用国际学年制、把学年分为秋季与春季学期的大学。

• Universities in Baden-Württemberg have charged no tuition fees since 2012, although non-EU students have paid 1,500 euros per semester since 2017.巴登-符腾堡州各大学自 2012 年起不再收取学费，但非欧盟学生自 2017 年起须每学期缴纳 1,500 欧元。

• The Business School became the first German institution to hold the Triple Crown of accreditations from AMBA, AACSB International and EQUIS in 2008.2008 年，其商学院成为德国首家集齐 AMBA、AACSB 与 EQUIS 三大认证的院校。

• Research institutes and affiliates include GESIS, the Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences, and the Institut für Deutsche Sprache.学校的研究机构与合作单位包括莱布尼茨社会科学研究所 GESIS 与德语语言研究所。

• The Mannheim Centre for European Social Research is the largest social-science research institution at a university in Germany.曼海姆欧洲社会研究中心是德国高校中规模最大的社会科学研究机构。

• Further institutes include the Centre for European Economic Research, the Centre for SME Research and Entrepreneurship and the Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation.其他机构还包括欧洲经济研究中心、中小企业研究与创业中心，以及曼海姆竞争与创新中心。

• The Mannheim Centre for Empirical Multilingual Research, the Mannheim Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation and the Central Institute of Mental Health also belong to the university.曼海姆实证多语研究中心、曼海姆创业与创新中心以及精神健康中央研究所同样隶属于该校。

• The university's budget is about 156 million euros, with about 25 million euros of external funding.学校预算约为 1.56 亿欧元，其中第三方经费约为 2,500 万欧元。

• It employs about 200 professors, about 840 academic staff and about 570 non-academic staff.学校聘有教授约 200 人、学术人员约 840 人、非学术人员约 570 人。

• In the academic year 2020/2021 the university had 11,640 full-time students, 1,600 academic staff and 194 professors, with a total income of about 121 million euros.2020 至 2021 学年，学校有全日制学生 11,640 人、学术人员 1,600 人、教授 194 人，总收入约为 1.21 亿欧元。

• In the fall semester of 2024 there were 11,933 enrolled students, of whom 15 per cent came from abroad, including 588 exchange students and 1,198 international students enrolled directly.2024 年秋季学期注册学生为 11,933 人，其中 15% 来自海外，包括 588 名交换生与 1,198 名直接入学的国际学生。

• More than 100 nationalities are represented in the student body, and every fifth student comes from abroad.在校学生涵盖 100 多个国籍，每五名学生中就有一名来自海外。

• The Otto-Selz-Institute of Applied Psychology, the Institute for Market-oriented Management and the Institute for Enterprise Systems carry out applied research in psychology, marketing and information systems.奥托·塞尔茨应用心理学研究所、面向市场的管理研究所以及企业系统研究所，分别在心理学、市场营销与信息系统领域开展应用研究。

• Study programmes frequently combine economics or business administration with a second subject such as law, literature, mathematics or informatics, and the university maintains a scholarship system of its own.曼海姆的专业常把经济学或企业经济学与法学、文学、数学或信息学等第二学科结合，学校还设有自有的奖学金体系。

Campus

• The university is located in the centre of Mannheim, with Campus East running from the palace to Mannheim Main Station and Campus West formed by the squares A5 and B6.校园位于曼海姆市中心，东校区从宫殿延伸至曼海姆火车总站，西校区则由 A5 与 B6 两个街区组成。

• Mannheim Palace, one of the largest Baroque palaces in Europe, houses both the administrative offices and the academic departments of the university, together with an Ehrenhof courtyard.曼海姆宫是欧洲最大的巴洛克宫殿之一，既容纳学校的行政部门与院系，也拥有开阔的荣誉庭院。

• The palace is home to the Business School, the Law School, parts of the School of Humanities and the University Library.宫内设有商学院、法学院、人文学院的部分机构以及大学图书馆。

• The Rhine River lies about 800 metres south-west of the university, and the city itself is laid out in 144 squares and is home to 170 nations, a grid that has given Mannheim the nickname of the city of squares.莱茵河位于校园西南约 800 米处，曼海姆城以 144 个方块街区布局，居民来自 170 个民族；这种棋盘式格局使曼海姆被称为「方块之城」。

• The Schneckenhof, the university's quadrangle, is a central meeting place and the site of regular student parties.校园广场「施内肯霍夫」是学校的中心聚会场所，也是定期举办学生派对的场地。

• The Renaissance of the Baroque Palace campaign renovated 24 lecture halls and the palace facade and built a new library inside the palace, with a palace museum added in 2007.「巴洛克宫殿复兴」活动修缮了 24 个讲堂与宫殿外立面，在宫内建成新图书馆，并于 2007 年增设宫殿博物馆。

• Contemporary campus landmarks include the Mannheim Jesuit Church, the Mannheim Observatory, the Antiquities Collection in the palace and the Anna Hoelzel Memorial.当代校园地标包括曼海姆耶稣会教堂、曼海姆天文台、宫内的古物收藏以及安娜·赫尔策尔纪念碑。

• The Palais Bretzenheim, the Mannheim Palace Church, the district court and the Centre for European Economic Research all form part of the campus surroundings.布雷岑海姆宫、曼海姆宫教堂、地方法院以及欧洲经济研究中心都构成校园周边环境的一部分。

• Mensa, Café Soleil and food trucks in front of the palace give students places to eat, while the campus shop at the Schneckenhof sells coffee, snacks and university merchandise.食堂、太阳咖啡馆与宫殿前的餐车为学生提供就餐选择，施内肯霍夫旁的校园商店则出售咖啡、零食与学校纪念品。

• The University Library is housed inside Mannheim Palace, and the palace museum opened in 2007 shows the reconstructed historical halls and rooms of Elector Carl Theodor, who lived there from 1742 to 1777.大学图书馆设于曼海姆宫内；2007 年开放的宫殿博物馆展示选帝侯卡尔·特奥多尔历史厅室的复原，他曾在 1742 年至 1777 年间居住于此。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the university is placed 425th, the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking places it joint 224th, the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranks it 795th and the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities puts it in the 701-800 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列世界第 425 位；2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名并列第 224 位；2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 795 位；2026 年世界大学学术排名处于 701 至 800 区间，以各榜单官方发布为准。^[1]

• In the 2024 QS World University Rankings it was placed 454th globally and 24th nationally, while the 2024 Times Higher Education ranking placed it 187th globally and 18th nationally.在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列全球第 454、德国第 24；2024 年泰晤士高等教育排名则把它列为全球第 187、德国第 18。

• In the 2023 QS Social Sciences and Management ranking it was placed 122nd globally and fourth nationally.在 2023 年 QS 社会科学与管理学科排名中，该校位列全球第 122、德国第 4。

• The 2023 Times Higher Education ranking for business and economics placed it 41st globally and second nationally.2023 年泰晤士高等教育商业与经济学学科排名把该校列为全球第 41、德国第 2。

• In the 2023 QS rankings for Business and Management Studies it was 75th globally and first nationally, and in Economics and Econometrics 43rd globally and second nationally.在 2023 年 QS 商业与管理研究学科排名中，该校位列全球第 75、德国第 1；在经济学与计量经济学学科排名中位列全球第 43、德国第 2。

• In the 2022 ARWU subject ranking it was placed first in Germany in both political science and finance.在 2022 年软科世界一流学科排名中，该校的政治学与金融学均位列德国第一。

• Its programmes in the social sciences, politics and business informatics rank within the national top three, and law and computer science within the national top ten.该校的社会科学、政治学与经济信息学专业位居全德前三，法学与计算机科学专业则位居全德前十。

• In the CHE University Ranking for 2017/2018 its psychology and Romance languages departments were ranked highest in Germany, receiving more top scores than any other institution in those disciplines.在 2017 至 2018 年度 CHE 大学排名中，该校心理学与罗曼语系位列德国第一，获得的最高评分数量超过同一学科的其他院校。

• Its Master in Management is ranked 14th in Europe by the Financial Times, and the business school is ranked first in Germany by Eduniversal and 34th worldwide, and the university describes its MBA programmes as belonging to the top 25 providers in the world.据《金融时报》排名，该校管理学硕士项目位列欧洲第 14；EDUNIVERSAL 排名则把其商学院列为德国第 1、全球第 34，其 MBA 项目被校方归入全球前 25 之列。

• Its research output is measured by OpenAlex at 28,483 works attracting 1,451,284 citations, concentrated in the economic and social sciences.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校研究成果为 28,483 项、累计被引 1,451,284 次，主要集中在经济与社会科学领域。

• The university presents itself as one of the top twenty European research universities in the economic and social sciences, a position supported by its subject rankings and the scale of its research institutes.该校自定位为欧洲经济与社会科学领域前二十的研究型大学，这一定位得到其学科排名与研究机构规模的支撑。

Student life

• The university's seal carries the motto In Omnibus Veritas, meaning truth in everything, a shortened form of the line In Omnibus Veritas Suprema Lex Esto from the constitution of Carl Theodor's academy.该校校徽上的格言是「万物之中唯真理」，意为在一切事物中追求真理，这一表述取自卡尔·特奥多尔科学院章程中「万物之中唯真理至上」的简写。

• Every year the university holds the Schlossfest, opening the palace campus to visitors and introducing the university to incoming students.学校每年举办「宫殿节」，向公众开放宫殿校园，并借此向新生介绍学校。

• The Schlossfest combines art, science and music events, including live experiments and guided tours of parts of the palace normally closed to the public, and in 2016 it drew about 20,000 visitors.「宫殿节」融合艺术、科学与音乐活动，包括现场实验以及平日不对外开放的宫殿区域导览；2016 年该活动吸引了约 20,000 名参观者。

• Weekly Schneckenhof parties have been held since the early 1970s, first organised by Norwegian students who were the largest group of international students until the late 1980s, and the parties are still organised by the departmental student councils, known as Fachschaften.每周举行的施内肯霍夫派对始于二十世纪七十年代初，最初由挪威学生组织，他们直到八十年代末都是该校最大的国际学生群体；如今这些派对仍由各系学生委员会筹办。

• The Norweger Parties, organised by Norwegian exchange students and students of Norwegian background, are still held in the summer term.由挪威交换生与具有挪威背景的学生组织的「挪威派对」至今仍在夏季学期举行。

• The BWLer Fete is hosted once each term by the student council of business administration and traditionally ends with the song Meine Stadt by Söhne Mannheims.「企业经济学学生派对」每学期由企业经济学系学生委员会举办一次，传统上以曼海姆之子乐队的《我的城市》一曲收尾。

• In 2018 there were about 50 active student organisations, including Amnesty International, UNICEF, Model United Nations, Enactus, AEGEE, AIESEC and the student consultancy INTEGRA.2018 年该校约有 50 个活跃的学生组织，包括国际特赦组织、联合国儿童基金会、模拟联合国、Enactus、AEGEE、AIESEC 以及学生咨询机构 INTEGRA。

• The alumni organisation ABSOLVENTUM Mannheim was founded in 1995, and the student-run Mannheim Forum and the Q-Summit, founded in 2016, are among Germany's largest student-organised conferences.校友组织 ABSOLVENTUM 于 1995 年成立；由学生主办的曼海姆论坛与 2016 年创办的 Q-Summit，是德国规模最大的学生自办会议之一。

• University sport covers 82 athletic disciplines, most of them free of charge, and in 2017 fifty-five top athletes received sports scholarships, among them the long-jump world champion Malaika Mihambo.学校体育涵盖 82 个运动项目，多数免费开放；2017 年有 55 名高水平运动员获得体育奖学金，其中包括跳远世界冠军玛莱卡·米汉博。

• The university has its own choir, theatre group, orchestra and big band, and art exhibitions are regularly held on campus for students and staff.学校拥有自己的合唱团、剧团、管弦乐团与爵士大乐队，并定期在校园内为师生举办艺术展览。

Notable people

• Otto Beck, senior mayor of Mannheim from 1891 to 1908, was a co-founder of the Municipal Commercial College.1891 年至 1908 年任曼海姆市长的奥托·贝克，是市立经贸学院的创办人之一。

• Eberhard Gothein, an economics professor, pressed for the creation of the Commercial College as a training ground for merchants.经济学教授埃伯哈德·戈特海因力主创办这所经贸学院，作为培养商务人才的园地。

• Otto Selz, professor from 1923 and rector in 1929 and 1930, is remembered in the university's Otto Selz Institute of Applied Psychology.1923 年起任教、1929 至 1930 年任院长的奥托·塞尔茨，如今以学校应用心理学领域的奥托·塞尔茨研究所之名被纪念。

• Elector Carl Theodor, who founded the Palatine Academy of Sciences in 1763, is regarded as the earliest founding figure behind the university.1763 年创办普法尔茨科学院的选帝侯卡尔·特奥多尔，被视为该校最早的创始人物。

• Jens Weidmann, an economist and former president of the Deutsche Bundesbank, is among its alumni and faculty.经济学家、德国联邦银行前行长延斯·魏德曼是该校校友兼教师。

• Hans-Werner Sinn, the long-serving president of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research, is a former professor at Mannheim.长期担任伊弗经济研究所所长的汉斯-维尔纳·辛恩，曾任曼海姆大学教授。

• Clemens Fuest, president of the Ifo Institute, and Christoph M. Schmidt, president of the RWI Essen, are also associated with the university.伊弗经济研究所所长克莱门斯·富斯特与埃森莱布尼茨经济研究所所长克里斯托夫·施密特，也与该校关系密切。

• Isabel Schnabel, a member of the Executive Board of the European Central Bank, studied at the university.欧洲央行执行委员会成员伊莎贝尔·施纳贝尔曾在该校求学。

• Gitanas Nausėda, an economist who became President of Lithuania, studied at Mannheim.经济学家、后任立陶宛总统的吉塔纳斯·瑙塞达曾在曼海姆求学。

• Henning Kagermann, a former chief executive of SAP, and Claus Wellenreuther, a co-founder of the same company, are counted among its alumni and faculty.软件公司 SAP 前首席执行官亨宁·卡格曼与该公司的联合创始人克劳斯·韦伦罗伊特，均被列为该校校友或教师。

• Roman Inderst, an economist, and Joachim Weickert, a computer scientist, both winners of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, are among the university's faculty.经济学家罗曼·因德斯特与计算机科学家约阿希姆·魏克特均获戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨奖，两人都是该校教师。