University of Konstanz

The University of Konstanz is a public research university in the city of Konstanz in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, founded in 1966 as a reform university and moved onto its purpose-built campus on the Gießberg above Lake Constance in 1972.康斯坦茨大学是一所位于德国巴登-符腾堡州康斯坦茨市的公立研究型大学，1966 年作为一所改革型高校创办，1972 年迁入博登湖畔吉斯山上专门兴建的校园。

Germany's southernmost university, it stands about four kilometres from the Swiss border, teaches roughly 11,500 students from around 100 countries on more than 100 degree programmes and has held the status of a University of Excellence within the German Excellence Initiative since 2007.该校是德国最南端的大学，距瑞士边境约 4 公里，约有 11,500 名学生来自近 100 个国家，开设 100 多个学位项目，并自 2007 年起在德国卓越计划中保持「精英大学」地位。

In the 2027 QS World University Rankings it is placed 425th, the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking places it joint 275th, the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranks it 573rd and the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities puts it in the 401-500 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列第 425 位；2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名并列第 275 位；2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 573 位；2026 年世界大学学术排名处于 401 至 500 区间。

History

• Konstanz had a university briefly in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, when a branch of the University of Freiburg occupied the Lanzenhof and operated from 1686 to 1698 and again from 1713 to 1715.康斯坦茨在十七、十八世纪曾短暂拥有过一所大学，当时弗赖堡大学的分部设于兰岑霍夫，并于 1686 年至 1698 年、1713 年至 1715 年两度开办。

• The present university was founded in 1966 as a reform university, at the same time as the University of Ulm, as West Germany expanded its system of higher education.现在的康斯坦茨大学于 1966 年作为改革型高校创办，与乌尔姆大学同期成立，正值西德扩张高等教育体系之际。

• In its early years it occupied various buildings in the city centre, until the campus on the Gießberg was established in 1972.建校初期，学校分散在康斯坦茨内城的多个建筑中，直到 1972 年在吉斯山建成校园。

• Instead of the traditional institute structure, the founders created small departments and working groups, and adapted the Anglo-Saxon idea of the campus university so that administration, the canteen and the library were concentrated in central locations.创办者没有沿用传统的研究所建制，而是设立小型学系与课题组，并借鉴英美式校园大学理念，把行政、食堂与图书馆集中在校园中心位置。

• The reform measures replaced traditional lectures with seminars and tutorials and introduced course-related performance assessment, an approach that shaped teaching across the university.改革措施用研讨课与辅导课取代传统大课，并引入与课程挂钩的过程性考核，这种做法塑造了该校整体的教学模式。

• In the 1970s and 1980s the university ran a pilot single-stage legal education combining practical training with university study, and offered joint basic studies in the social sciences for students of administration, economics and law.二十世纪七十至八十年代，该校试行单阶段法学教育，把实务训练与大学学习紧密结合，并为行政管理、经济与法律专业的学生开设社会科学共同基础课程。

• Following the recommendations of the Mittelstraß commission, the university reorganised itself in 1999 into three faculties containing thirteen departments.根据米特尔施特拉斯委员会的建议，该校于 1999 年重组为 3 个学院、共 13 个学系。

• The Centre for Young Researchers, founded in 2001, was a pioneering unit that gave junior researchers funding and flexibility for their own projects.2001 年成立的科学后备力量中心是一个开创性机构，为青年研究者提供自主项目的经费与灵活空间。

• On 19 October 2007 the university's institutional strategy, Modell Konstanz, was approved under the German Excellence Initiative, which is administered jointly by the German Research Foundation and the German Council of Science and Humanities.2007 年 10 月 19 日，该校的机构战略「康斯坦茨模式」在德国卓越计划中获批，该计划由德国研究联合会与德国科学评议会共同管理。

• The Centre for Young Researchers was absorbed into the Zukunftskolleg in late 2007, and that institute of advanced study was recognised again in the second round of the Excellence Initiative in 2012.2007 年底，科学后备力量中心并入未来学院，该高等研究院在 2012 年卓越计划第二轮评选中再次获得认可。

• In 2012 the Zukunftskolleg also secured 6.24 million euros of co-financing through the Marie Curie Actions COFUND programme of the European Union.2012 年，未来学院还通过欧盟「玛丽·居里行动」的 COFUND 计划获得 624 万欧元的配套资助。

• The press described the university as a mini Harvard by Lake Constance because of the success of its model for supporting junior researchers.由于在支持青年研究者方面成绩突出，媒体把该校称作博登湖畔的迷你哈佛。

• In the Excellence Strategy round of 2018, two of the three cluster proposals the university submitted were funded, the Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour and The Politics of Inequality.在 2018 年卓越战略评选中，该校提交的 3 个卓越集群申请中有 2 个获批，分别是集体行为高等研究中心与「不平等政治」。

• Because two Clusters of Excellence are a precondition for competing as a University of Excellence, the university submitted a full proposal in December 2018 and its status was confirmed.由于拥有两个卓越集群是参评「精英大学」的前提，该校于 2018 年 12 月提交完整申请，并最终确认了精英大学地位。

• The university's logo was designed in 1980 by Otl Aicher, one of the best-known graphic designers of the twentieth century.该校校徽由二十世纪最知名的平面设计师之一奥特·艾歇尔于 1980 年设计。

• In the Funding Atlas published by the German Research Foundation in 2018 the university ranked first in Germany for external funding per academic staff member, and second when professors alone were counted.在德国研究联合会 2018 年发布的资助地图中，该校按全体学术人员人均第三方经费位列德国第一，仅按教授计算则位列第二。

• Four Collaborative Research Centres funded by the German Research Foundation are currently operating at the university.目前该校共有 4 个由德国研究联合会资助的合作研究中心在运行。

• The university has taken part in the Professorinnenprogramm for female professors, funding two chairs in each of its two funding phases.该校参与了面向女性教授的「女教授计划」，在两个资助阶段中各获得 2 个教授职位的资助。

• The rectors of the university have included Gerhard Hess from 1966 to 1972, Horst Sund from 1976 to 1991, Gerhart von Graevenitz from 2000 to 2009 and Ulrich Rüdiger from 2009 to 2018.该校历任校长包括 1966 年至 1972 年的格哈德·黑斯、1976 年至 1991 年的霍斯特·松德、2000 年至 2009 年的格哈特·冯·格拉弗尼茨，以及 2009 年至 2018 年的乌尔里希·吕迪格。

• Kerstin Krieglstein served as rector from 2018 to 2020, and Katharina Holzinger has led the university since 2021.克斯廷·克里格尔施泰因于 2018 年至 2020 年担任校长，卡塔琳娜·霍尔青格自 2021 年起领导该校。

• In the 2000s the university replaced its traditional degree structure with the bachelor's and master's system and the European Credit Transfer System, as part of the Europe-wide Bologna reform, and it began admitting growing numbers of international students.进入二十一世纪后，学校配合全欧的博洛尼亚改革，以学士与硕士学制取代传统学位结构，并采用欧洲学分互认体系，国际学生数量随之增长。

Academics

• The university is divided into three faculties that together contain thirteen departments.该校分为 3 个学院，共下设 13 个学系。

• The Faculty of Sciences covers biology, chemistry, computer and information science, mathematics and statistics, physics and psychology.理学院涵盖生物学、化学、计算机与信息科学、数学与统计学、物理学以及心理学。

• The Faculty of Humanities covers history and sociology, literary studies, linguistics and philosophy.人文学院涵盖历史学与社会学、文学研究、语言学以及哲学。

• The Faculty of Politics, Law and Economics covers economics, law and politics and public administration.政治、法律与经济学院涵盖经济学、法学，以及政治学与公共行政。

• Students can choose from more than 100 degree programmes across the three faculties.学生可在三大学院的 100 多个学位项目中进行选择。

• The Zukunftskolleg is the university's institute of advanced study and supports early-career researchers with fellowships and mentoring.未来学院是该校的高等研究院，通过奖学金与导师制支持处于职业生涯早期的研究者。

• The Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology and the Graduate School of Decision Sciences form part of its structured doctoral training.康斯坦茨化学生物学研究学院与决策科学研究生院构成该校有组织的博士生培养体系的一部分。

• The university library holds about two million freely accessible printed items and provides 1,600 work stations in 25,000 square metres at the heart of the campus.该校图书馆藏书约 200 万件开架印刷品，在校园中央的 25,000 平方米空间内提供 1,600 个座位。

• The library is open 24 hours a day, and its KonSearch search engine gives access to more than 400 million digital and printed items.图书馆每天 24 小时开放，其 KonSearch 检索平台可访问超过 4 亿件数字与印刷资源。

• The Communication, Information, Media Centre combines the library, the IT service centre and administrative IT into a single service unit.传播、信息与媒体中心把图书馆、信息技术服务中心与行政信息技术合并为一个服务单元。

• The Committee on Research, known as the AFF, has four representatives from each faculty and allocates start-up funding to post-doctoral researchers for up to two years.科研委员会（AFF）由每个学院各 4 名代表组成，为博士后研究者提供最长两年的启动经费。

• The Language Institute coordinates foreign language training, while the Student Service Centre has offered a one-stop service for bureaucratic procedures since 2010.语言学院统筹外语教学，学生服务中心则自 2010 年起为学生提供一站式办事服务。

• The Studentenwerk Seezeit provides canteen services and student accommodation and advises students on state financial support.Seezeit 学生服务机构提供食堂服务与学生宿舍，并就国家资助政策为学生提供咨询。

• The university maintains around 220 partnerships within the Erasmus programme and links with about 100 strategically important international institutions.该校通过伊拉斯谟计划维持约 220 个合作关系，并与约 100 所具战略意义的国际机构保持联系。

• At the international level it advances selected, sustainable partnerships with more than 70 research-focused universities, and it also collaborates with Harvard University, Yale University, Johns Hopkins University, the University of Chicago, UC Berkeley and the University of Zurich.在国际层面，该校与 70 多所研究型大学发展精选而可持续的伙伴关系，并与哈佛大学、耶鲁大学、约翰斯·霍普金斯大学、芝加哥大学、加州大学伯克利分校及苏黎世大学开展合作。

• Its research is organised in Collaborative Research Centres, smaller research groups and Clusters of Excellence, with the Balsillie School of International Affairs among its partner institutions.其研究依托合作研究中心、小型研究团队与卓越集群组织，合作机构中包括巴尔斯利国际事务学院。

• Fields such as social policy and administration, political science, collective behaviour research, chemistry and biology are among its recognised strengths.社会政策与行政、政治学、集体行为研究、化学与生物学等领域是其公认的强项。

• The Konstanz Science Forum, founded in 2006, works as a platform for knowledge transfer and science communication between the university, business, politics and society.成立于 2006 年的康斯坦茨科学论坛，是该校与商界、政界和社会之间知识转移与科学传播的平台。

• Four Collaborative Research Centres funded by the German Research Foundation are hosted at the university, covering anisotropic particles as building blocks, the chemical and biological principles of cellular proteostasis, controlled nanosystems, and quantitative methods for visual computing.学校设有 4 个由德国研究联合会资助的合作研究中心，研究方向分别为作为构建单元的各向异性颗粒、细胞蛋白质稳态的化学与生物学原理、可控纳米系统，以及可视计算的定量方法。

• Through the Internationale Bodensee-Hochschule the university is linked with some thirty universities in the Germany-Austria-Switzerland border region, and it runs joint study programmes with the Thurgau University of Teacher Education in Switzerland.通过国际博登湖高校联盟，该校与德国、奥地利、瑞士交界地区的约三十所大学建立联系，并与瑞士图尔高师范大学合办学位项目。

• Students of administration, economics and law took joint basic courses in the social sciences in the early years, and the small departments were designed so that teaching would grow directly out of research.建校初期，行政管理、经济与法律专业的学生共同修读社会科学基础课程；学校设置小型学系的目的，正是让教学直接生长于研究之上。

Campus

• The campus occupies about 90,000 square metres on the Gießberg inside the Mainauwald forest, in Konstanz's Egg district, on land that belonged to the independent village of Allmannsdorf before it was merged into the city on 1 January 1915.校园位于康斯坦茨埃格区，坐落在美瑙林中的吉斯山上，占地约 9 万平方米；这片土地在 1915 年 1 月 1 日并入康斯坦茨市之前，属于独立的阿尔曼斯多夫村。

• The site lies on the shore of Lake Constance, four kilometres from the Swiss border, which makes the university the southernmost in Germany.校园坐落在博登湖畔，距瑞士边境 4 公里，这使该校成为德国最南端的大学。

• The old village of Egg stands 200 metres from the campus across the Mainaustrasse, and two pedestrian and bicycle bridges connect the campus to the village and the lakeside.老村埃格位于美瑙街对面的 200 米处，两座供行人与自行车通行的桥把校园与村庄及湖畔连接起来。

• The campus was planned with a compact radius of 500 to 700 metres so that staff and students could walk easily to the central Agora.校园规划把半径控制在 500 至 700 米之内，以便师生步行即可到达中心的阿戈拉广场。

• Architect Horst Linde designed a compact complex of interlinked buildings adapted to the hillside, in contrast to the scattered layouts typical of older universities.建筑师霍斯特·林德设计了依山而建、彼此连通的紧凑建筑群，与老牌大学常见的分散布局形成对照。

• Designer Wilhelm von Wolff wanted people to be able to stroll through the university as if it were an old city centre with squares and alleyways.设计师威廉·冯·沃尔夫希望人们能够像在老城中心那样在校园中漫步，沿途有广场与小巷。

• Construction on the site began in 1970 and continued until 1983, and additions made since then have followed the original plans.校园施工自 1970 年开始，持续到 1983 年，此后各期扩建均沿用最初的设计方案。

• In 2012 large sections of the buildings were placed under monument protection, and the campus displays works commissioned under the Percent for Art scheme, from Otto Piene's glass roof of 227 coloured pyramids to sculptures by Friedrich Gräsel and Stephan Balkenhol.2012 年，多处建筑被列入文物保护范围；校园内还展示着「艺术百分之一」计划委托创作的作品，从奥托·皮内由 227 个彩色棱锥组成的玻璃顶，到弗里德里希·格雷泽尔与斯特凡·巴尔肯霍尔的雕塑。

• The university's botanical garden lies north-west of the northern car park and opens on weekdays, while its sports grounds stand on the lakeside of the Mainaustrasse to the north of the village of Egg.学校植物园位于北停车场西北侧，工作日对外开放；其运动场则位于美瑙街临湖一侧、埃格村以北。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the university is placed 425th, the 2027 Times Higher Education ranking places it joint 275th, the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranks it 573rd and the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities puts it in the 401-500 band.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列世界第 425 位；2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名并列第 275 位；2026 至 2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名第 573 位；2026 年世界大学学术排名处于 401 至 500 区间，以各榜单官方发布为准。^[1]

• In the 2024 QS World University Rankings it was placed 478th globally, inside the top 30 in Germany, while the 2024 Times Higher Education ranking put it in the 251-300 band, a position in the top 25 to 31 universities in Germany.在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列全球第 478 位，居德国前 30；2024 年泰晤士高等教育排名则把它列入 251 至 300 区间，约居德国高校第 25 至 31 位。

• The 2022 Academic Ranking of World Universities assigned it to the 501-600 band, corresponding to a position in the 32nd to 36th range among German institutions.2022 年世界大学学术排名把该校列入 501 至 600 区间，对应德国高校中的第 32 至 36 名。

• In the Times Higher Education 150 Under 50 ranking the university reached 7th place globally in 2016, the best German university in that assessment.在泰晤士高等教育「建校不足 50 年」150 强排名中，该校 2016 年位列全球第 7，是该项评选里表现最好的德国大学。

• In the 2014 QS Top 50 under 50 ranking it came 21st worldwide, an early sign of its rapid rise among young universities.在 2014 年 QS「建校不足 50 年」50 强排名中，该校位列全球第 21，是其作为年轻大学迅速崛起的早期标志。

• In the 2020 QS World University Rankings it was ranked in the top 100 worldwide for social policy and administration, and ShanghaiRanking placed its political science 51st in 2020.在 2020 年 QS 世界大学排名中，其社会政策与行政领域位列全球前 100；2020 年软科排名把其政治学位列全球第 51。

• The Funding Atlas of 2018 confirmed its leading position in external funding per capita, with the life sciences, the humanities and the social sciences each ranked first in Germany.2018 年资助地图确认了该校在人均第三方经费上的领先地位，其生命科学、人文科学与社会科学各自位列德国第一。

• Its research output is measured by OpenAlex at 48,074 works attracting 3,409,839 citations, a level high for a university of its size.据 OpenAlex 统计，该校研究成果为 48,074 项、累计被引 3,409,839 次，就学校规模而言处于较高水平。

• Two Clusters of Excellence, the Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour and The Politics of Inequality, underpin its standing as a research university of excellence.集体行为高等研究中心与「不平等政治」两个卓越集群，支撑着其作为研究型精英大学的地位。

• The university was reaffirmed as a University of Excellence in the second round of the Excellence Initiative in 2012 and in the Excellence Strategy round announced in 2019.该校在 2012 年卓越计划第二轮评选中再次确认为精英大学，并在 2019 年公布的卓越战略评选中继续保持这一地位。

• In 2007 the university won funding in all three lines of the Excellence Initiative, the graduate school line, the cluster line and the institutional strategy line, a combination achieved by only a handful of German universities.2007 年，该校在卓越计划的三个资助方向即研究生院、卓越集群与机构战略上均获资助，这一组合当时仅少数德国大学能够达到。

Student life

• After a forty-year absence the organised student body was reintroduced on 13 July 2012 by state law, giving students the status of a legally recognised public-law constituent body.在中断四十年后，有组织的学生自治团体于 2012 年 7 月 13 日依州法重新设立，学生由此获得具有法律效力的公法组成部分地位。

• The student body is organised through sixteen departmental student councils representing students of all departments, alongside a central parliament and executive.学生自治团体通过 16 个系级学生委员会代表各系学生，并设有中央学生议会与执行机构。

• The organised student body offers free legal advice, a bicycle workshop and a student café.该学生自治团体提供免费法律咨询、自行车维修工坊与一间学生咖啡馆。

• A student beer garden on campus and a bicycle rental service are run by an independent friends' association.校园内的学生啤酒花园与自行车租赁服务由一家独立的之友协会运营。

• Because no new agreements were reached, the semester ticket and state student-aid counselling remained with the Studentenwerk Seezeit under state higher education law.由于未能达成新的协议，学期票的发放与国家助学金咨询仍依州高等教育法由 Seezeit 学生服务机构承担。

• The university supports elite sport through scholarships for student-athletes, working together with the HSG Konstanz handball club.该校通过与康斯坦茨手球俱乐部合作，为学生运动员提供奖学金以支持竞技体育。

• The Konstanz Science Forum holds conferences and, since 2008, has published a series of books on themes such as creativity, networks and clusters.康斯坦茨科学论坛举办各类会议，并自 2008 年起出版丛书，主题涵盖创造力、网络与集群等。

• Its most recent forum volume, published in 2013 on power and science, was issued by the university's own publishing house.该论坛最新一卷于 2013 年出版，主题为「权力与科学」，由该校自己的出版社发行。

• Sport at the university covers more than 60 disciplines, ranging from skiing in winter to water sports on Lake Constance in summer, and its lakeside setting shapes much of student leisure life.学校体育涵盖 60 多个项目，冬季可以滑雪，夏季则可在博登湖上开展水上运动，临湖的环境在很大程度上塑造了学生的休闲生活。

Notable people

• Gerhard Hess was the founding rector of the university, serving from 1966 to 1972, and is one of its honorary citizens.格哈德·黑斯是该校首任校长，任期为 1966 年至 1972 年，也是该校名誉市民之一。

• Kurt Georg Kiesinger, a former Chancellor of Germany, was made an honorary citizen of the university.德国前总理库尔特·格奥尔格·基辛格被授予该校名誉市民称号。

• Zoran Đinđić, the first democratic prime minister of Serbia, studied at the university.塞尔维亚首位民选总理佐兰·金吉奇曾在该校求学。

• Asha-Rose Migiro, a former Foreign Minister of Tanzania and the third Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations, is among its alumni.坦桑尼亚前外交部长、联合国第三任常务副秘书长阿莎-罗丝·米吉罗是该校校友。

• Axel A. Weber, a former president of the Deutsche Bundesbank and later chairman of the board of directors of UBS, studied at Konstanz.德国联邦银行前行长、后任瑞银集团董事会主席的阿克塞尔·韦伯曾在康斯坦茨求学。

• Angelika Kratzer, a linguist working on semantics and the philosophy of language, is a professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and an alumna of the university.研究语义学与语言哲学的知名语言学家安格莉卡·克拉策是马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校教授，也是该校校友。

• Hans-Werner Hector, a co-founder of the software company SAP, is an honorary senator of the university.软件公司 SAP 的联合创始人汉斯-维尔纳·赫克托是该校名誉参议员。

• Wilhelm Krull, secretary general of the Volkswagen Foundation, is likewise an honorary senator.大众汽车基金会秘书长威廉·克鲁尔同样是该校名誉参议员。

• Jan Hendrick Schön, a physicist whose apparent breakthroughs at Bell Labs turned out to be fabricated and whose doctorate was revoked by the university, was a doctoral student there.物理学家扬·亨德里克·舍恩曾在贝尔实验室宣称取得突破，后被证实为造假，其博士学位也被该校撤销，他曾是该校博士生。

• The rectors Horst Sund and Gerhart von Graevenitz are honorary citizens, and the current rector is Katharina Holzinger.历任校长霍斯特·松德与格哈特·冯·格拉弗尼茨均为名誉市民，现任校长则是卡塔琳娜·霍尔青格。