University of Khartoum

The University of Khartoum (U of K) is a public university in central Khartoum, Sudan, and the country's oldest and largest higher-education institution, with roots in Gordon Memorial College of 1902 and full university status from 1956.喀土穆大学（University of Khartoum，简称 U of K）是苏丹首都喀土穆市中心的一所公立大学，也是该国历史最悠久、规模最大的高等学府，其前身是 1902 年创办的戈登纪念学院，1956 年获得完全大学地位。

It teaches about 16,800 undergraduates and 6,000 postgraduate students through 23 faculties, schools and graduate research institutes, and it employs some 850 teaching staff.学校通过 23 个学院、学部与研究生研究机构培养约 16800 名本科生和 6000 名研究生，并聘有约 850 名教师。

The university is placed in the 1201-1400 band of the QS World University Rankings 2027, while its medical, dental and Arabic-language institutes remain central to its identity.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位于第 1201-1400 位区间，其医学、牙科与阿拉伯语研究机构仍是学校身份的核心。

History

• In 1898, after Britain secured dominance in Sudan through the Anglo-Egyptian condominium, Lord Kitchener proposed a college in memory of General Charles Gordon, who had been killed during the siege of Khartoum in 1885.1898 年，英国通过英埃共管安排确立在苏丹的主导地位后，基奇纳勋爵提议创办一所学院，以纪念 1885 年喀土穆围城战中阵亡的查尔斯·戈登将军。
• A public appeal for £100,000 was completed in six weeks, and the Gordon Memorial College opened in 1902 with an industrial school, two higher primary schools and a small teacher-training centre.为建校发起的 10 万英镑公开募捐在六周内完成，戈登纪念学院于 1902 年开办，最初设有工业学校、两所高等小学和一个小型教师培训中心。
• The college buildings, designed by the Khedive's architect Fabricus Pasha, were finished in 1903, when the first primary-level students were admitted, and by 1913 the college had about 500 students.学院建筑由赫迪夫的建筑师法布里库斯帕夏设计，1903 年完工，同年录取了第一批小学程度的学生，到 1913 年，学院约有 500 名学生。
• A secondary stream was added in 1905 to train assistant engineers and land surveyors, and Sir Henry Wellcome donated a fully equipped bacteriological laboratory that began a long association with the Wellcome Research Laboratories.1905 年增设中学部，培养助理工程师与土地测量师，亨利·韦尔科姆爵士捐赠了一座设备齐全的细菌学实验室，由此开启学院与韦尔科姆研究实验室的长期合作。
• In 1906 the college introduced a four-year course for primary-school teachers and maintained an affiliated military school, extending its role beyond general education.1906 年，学院开设四年制小学教师课程，并保留一所附属军事学校，其职能超出普通教育范围。
• A 1924 reorganization turned the college into a vocational secondary institution teaching Sharia, engineering, surveying, teacher training, clerical work, accounting and science, while primary and military classes were removed.1924 年的重组把学院改为职业中学，教授伊斯兰教法、工程、测量、教师培训、文书、会计与科学，小学班与军事班被撤销。
• The Kitchener School of Medicine was founded in the same year as the first medical school in Sudan, and it became the seed of the university's medical faculty.基奇纳医学院于同年成立，是苏丹第一所医学院，后来成为大学医学院的源头。
• The School of Law followed in 1936, an event often treated as the beginning of higher education in Sudan, and schools of agriculture and veterinary science were added in 1938.法学院于 1936 年设立，这一事件常被视为苏丹高等教育的开端，农业与兽医学学校则于 1938 年增设。
• Science and engineering were organized as a school in 1939, and arts completed the set in 1940, so that by the early 1940s the college covered the main professional and academic fields of the country, with each school tied to a government department that employed its graduates.科学与工程于 1939 年组建成校，文学院于 1940 年补齐，到 1940 年代初，学院已覆盖该国主要的专业与学术领域，每所学校都与雇用其毕业生的政府部门相对应。
• In 1945 the college's departments were grouped into a single higher-education structure under a special arrangement with the University of London, and secondary teaching was moved elsewhere, leaving 262 students in 1948.1945 年，学院各系根据与伦敦大学的一项特别安排整合为单一高等教育结构，中学教育则迁往他处，1948 年在校生为 262 人。
• Two years later Gordon Memorial College became the first overseas participant in the University of London's special relationship scheme, and its first students received London degrees in 1950.两年后，戈登纪念学院成为伦敦大学“特殊关系”计划的首个海外参与者，其首批学生于 1950 年获得伦敦大学学位。
• The college was renamed University College Khartoum in 1951 and absorbed the Kitchener School of Medicine, giving the institution a single academic organization.1951 年，学院更名为喀土穆大学学院，并并入基奇纳医学院，形成统一的学术组织。
• When Sudan became independent in 1956, Parliament passed a bill granting university status, and the institution formally became Khartoum University on 24 July 1956, sharing its year of independence with the country itself.1956 年苏丹独立后，议会通过法案授予大学地位，学校于 1956 年 7 月 24 日正式成为喀土穆大学，与这个国家同年获得独立地位。
• John Pilkington Hudson, a horticultural scientist, was a visiting professor from 1961 to 1963 and founded the department of horticulture during that stay.园艺科学家约翰·皮尔金顿·哈德森于 1961 至 1963 年担任访问教授，并在任内创办园艺系。
• On 5 April 1984 the government announced the closure of all faculties, and the university reopened fully on 1 August of the same year, so the closure lasted less than four months.1984 年 4 月 5 日，政府宣布关闭学校所有学院，学校于同年 8 月 1 日全面复课，这次停课持续了不到四个月。
• After the 1989 military coup the university was closed several times because its students took an intensive part in pro-democracy rallies.1989 年军事政变后，由于学生密集参与支持民主的集会，学校多次被关闭。
• In April 2023, at the start of the Sudanese civil war, at least one student was killed and others were injured by gunfire, the university shut down for days while staff sought to evacuate people stranded on campus, and the dead student was later buried on the site.2023 年 4 月苏丹内战爆发之初，至少一名学生中弹身亡，另有人受伤，学校停课数日，并设法撤离滞留在校园内的人员，遇难学生后来被安葬在校园内。
• The campus then lay in a besieged enclave and was used by the Sudanese Armed Forces as a barracks and headquarters before the Rapid Support Forces took it, and in September 2024 a government offensive retook the site.此后校园处于被围困的飞地之中，苏丹武装部队曾把学校用作兵营与指挥部，随后快速支援部队夺取该地，2024 年 9 月政府军发动攻势重新夺回校园。
• The university emerged heavily damaged, with several buildings ransacked, and its recovery became part of the wider reconstruction of Khartoum's institutions.学校在战事后严重受损，多座建筑遭到洗劫，其恢复进程成为喀土穆机构整体重建的一部分。
• Its QS 2027 placement in the 1201-1400 band came seventy-one years after the 1956 grant of university status and a century and a quarter after the founding of Gordon Memorial College.学校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中进入第 1201-1400 位区间，此时距 1956 年获得大学地位已七十一年，距戈登纪念学院创办已一百二十五年。

Academics

• The university is organized into 23 faculties, schools and graduate research institutes, a structure that covers medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, engineering, architecture, law, science, arts, education, agriculture, forestry, animal production, veterinary medicine and public and environmental health.学校设有 23 个学院、学部与研究生研究机构，覆盖医学、牙科、药学、护理、工程、建筑、法学、理学、文学、教育、农业、林业、动物生产、兽医学以及公共与环境健康。
• It enrols about 16,800 undergraduates and 6,000 postgraduate students in graduate diplomas, master's and doctoral programmes, a ratio of roughly three undergraduates to one postgraduate.学校招收约 16800 名本科生与 6000 名研究生，研究生阶段包括研究生文凭、硕士与博士项目，本科生与研究生的人数比例约为三比一。
• Teaching is delivered by about 850 faculty members, supported by 20 research fellows and 500 teaching assistants, a combination that gives a student-staff ratio of about 27 to 1.教学由约 850 名教师承担，另有 20 名研究员与 500 名助教提供支持，由此计算的学生与教师比例约为 27 比 1。
• Undergraduate admission is governed by Sudan's Board of Higher Education, which sets minimum requirements according to whether applicants are Sudanese or non-Sudanese and which certificate board examined them.本科招生由苏丹高等教育委员会管理，该委员会根据申请者属苏丹籍或非苏丹籍以及其证书考试机构设定最低录取要求。
• The university admits about 3,500 students each year, and 55 per cent of the annual intake is female.学校每年录取约 3500 名学生，其中 55% 为女性。
• The Faculty of Medicine descends from the Kitchener School of Medicine of 1924 and uses Soba University Hospital and Saad Abualila Hospital as its main clinical bases.医学院源自 1924 年的基奇纳医学院，以苏巴大学医院与萨阿德·阿布阿利拉医院为主要临床基地。
• The Dr. Salma Dialysis Centre adds a specialized clinical service to the medical campus, and the university's hospitals also support training in nursing and medical laboratory science.萨尔玛·迪亚利西斯博士中心为医学园区增添专门临床服务，学校附属医院也支持护理与医学实验室科学的教学。
• Dentistry began in 1971 as a school within the Faculty of Medicine, the first dental training programme in Sudan, and became a separate faculty in 1992.牙科教育始于 1971 年医学院下设的牙科学校，是苏丹首个牙科培训项目，1992 年升格为独立学院。
• The dental faculty teaches about 600 students in the Bachelor of Dental Surgery, 90 postgraduate students and 90 dental technology students with roughly 60 academic and support staff.牙科学院约有 600 名牙科外科学士学生、90 名研究生与 90 名牙科技术学生，并拥有约 60 名教学与辅助人员。
• Its clinics, phantom-head laboratory, dental laboratory, museum, histopathology laboratory and radiology unit provide practical training, and the faculty hosts examinations of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.学院设有诊所、模拟头模实验室、牙科实验室、博物馆、组织病理实验室与放射科，并承办爱尔兰皇家外科医师学院牙科文凭考试。
• The Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences began in 1966 as the School of Medical Laboratory Technicians, became an independent college in 1993 and merged with the university in 1997.医学实验室科学学院始于 1966 年的医学实验室技术员学校，1993 年成为独立学院，1997 年并入喀土穆大学。
• Its departments cover microbiology, haematology and immunohematology, parasitology and medical entomology, chemical pathology and histopathology and cytology.其系科涵盖微生物学、血液学与免疫血液学、寄生虫学与医学昆虫学、化学病理学以及组织病理学与细胞学。
• The Faculty of Public and Environmental Health teaches food hygiene and safety, health education, epidemiology, environmental health and environmental studies, with four-year bachelor's, five-year honours and master's programmes in six specializations.公共与环境健康学院教授食品卫生与安全、健康教育、流行病学、环境卫生与环境研究，开设四年制学士、五年制荣誉学士与六个专业方向的硕士项目。
• Geography was taught at the college from 1945 and became the Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences in 2010, with departments of GIS and cartography, environment and ecology, human and population studies, and planning and development.地理学自 1945 年起在学院讲授，2010 年升格为地理与环境科学学院，下设地理信息系统与制图、环境与生态、人类与人口研究、规划与发展等系。
• Research centres include the Mycetoma Research Center, the Institute of Endemic Diseases, the Institute of African and Asian Studies, the Development Studies and Research Institute and the Building and Road Research Institute.研究机构包括真菌肿研究中心、地方病研究所、非洲与亚洲研究所、发展研究研究所及建筑与道路研究所。
• The main library is one of the largest and oldest university libraries in Sudan and Africa, holding more than 400,000 volumes, including the Sudan Collection and the Newbold Collection, and the Sudan Library within the library system serves as the national library of Sudan.主图书馆是苏丹乃至非洲规模最大、历史最悠久的大学图书馆之一，藏书超过 40 万册，包括苏丹特藏与纽博尔特藏，图书馆系统内的苏丹图书馆履行苏丹国家图书馆的职能。
• English was the language of instruction for much of the university's history, and undergraduate teaching was progressively Arabized from the 1990-91 academic year, while postgraduate theses may be written in Arabic, English or another language.英语在学校大部分历史中是教学语言，本科教学自 1990-1991 学年起逐步阿拉伯化，研究生论文则可用阿拉伯语、英语或其他语言撰写。
• An Information and Communication Technology Centre manages the university's network, all campuses are linked by fibre-optic connections, Wi-Fi covers most sites and registration is handled online, while the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences runs an open-source software unit.学校的信息与通信技术中心管理校园网络，各校区通过光纤连接，无线网络覆盖大部分区域，注册手续可在线办理，数学科学学院还设有一个开源软件研发单位。
• The dental faculty offers a five-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery, a three-year intermediate diploma in dental technology, two-year master's and three-year doctoral degrees, and two four-year DDS programmes.牙科学院开设五年制牙科外科学士、三年制牙科技术文凭、两年制硕士与三年制博士项目，以及两个四年制 DDS 项目。

Campus

• The university operates across four main campuses in greater Khartoum, with the central campus in the heart of the capital beside the Nile and within the historic core of the city.学校在大喀土穆地区拥有四个主要校区，中央校区位于首都中心、尼罗河畔，处于城市的历史核心地带。
• The medical campus lies north of the central site and forms the clinical quarter of the university.医学园区位于中央校区以北，构成学校的临床区域。
• The agriculture and veterinary campus is at Shambat in Khartoum North, across the Nile from the central campus, where the agriculture and veterinary faculties are based.农业与兽医校区位于北喀土穆的尚巴特，与中央校区隔尼罗河相望，农业与兽医学科在此办学。
• The Faculty of Education campus is in Omdurman, about 15 kilometres from the central campus, and the Suba campus lies 20 kilometres south of Khartoum.教育学院校区位于恩图曼，距中央校区约 15 公里，苏巴校区则位于喀土穆以南 20 公里。
• The Suba site houses the Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science and Suba Hospital, while a management studies campus occupies a separate site in central Khartoum.苏巴校区设有医学实验室科学学院与苏巴医院，管理研究校区则单独位于喀土穆市中心。
• The main library building is treated as a historical and iconic heritage landmark, and its reading rooms and special collections make it a centre of the academic estate.主图书馆建筑被视为学校的历史与标志性遗产，其阅览室与特藏构成学术空间的核心。
• Soba University Hospital, Saad Abualila Hospital and the Dr. Salma Dialysis Centre form a clinical network that serves both the university and the surrounding population.苏巴大学医院、萨阿德·阿布阿利拉医院与萨尔玛·迪亚利西斯博士中心组成临床网络，既服务学校也服务周边居民。
• Khartoum stands where the Blue Nile and the White Nile meet, and the central campus sits within the dense urban fabric of the capital.喀土穆位于青尼罗河与白尼罗河交汇处，中央校区处于首都密集的城市肌理之中。
• Because the campuses are spread across Khartoum, Khartoum North, Omdurman and Suba, students and staff often travel between sites for lectures and clinical work.由于校区分布在喀土穆、北喀土穆、恩图曼与苏巴，师生常需在各地之间往返上课与开展临床工作。
• The 2023-2024 fighting left the central campus heavily damaged, with buildings ransacked and parts of the site occupied by armed forces.2023 至 2024 年的战事使中央校区严重受损，建筑遭到洗劫，部分区域被武装力量占用。
• The university's estate also includes faculty and institute libraries, the Sudan Library and the university publishing house.学校产业还包括各学院与研究所的图书馆、苏丹图书馆以及大学出版社。
• The Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences occupies a two-building complex on the main campus, with a two-storey block whose northern wing holds sixteen staff offices and the GIS laboratory while its southern wing contains lecture halls, a library and a cartography laboratory.地理与环境科学学院在主校区拥有一个由两座建筑组成的建筑群，其中一座两层楼房北翼设有 16 间教师办公室与地理信息系统实验室，南翼则为讲堂、图书馆与制图实验室。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, the University of Khartoum is placed in the 1201-1400 band, a result published in 2026.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，喀土穆大学被列入第 1201-1400 位区间，该结果于 2026 年发布。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 do not place the university in their ranked table.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校未上榜。
• U.S. News and World Report ranks it 1,061st in its 2026-2027 Best Global Universities list, the university's strongest position among the four global tables.《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026-2027 年全球最佳大学榜单中把该校排在第 1061 位，这是该校在四大全球榜单中的最好位置。
• The 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, compiled by ShanghaiRanking, does not include the university in its main table, so it assigns no position for that year.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，因此软科未给出该校 2026 年的名次。
• It is the oldest and largest university in Sudan, with 23 faculties and about 22,800 students, and it has long been described as one of the leading academic institutions in Sudan and Africa.学校是苏丹历史最悠久、规模最大的大学，设有 23 个学院，拥有约 22800 名学生，长期被视为苏丹乃至非洲的领先学术机构之一。
• Its medical and dental schools were the first of their kind in Sudan, and the Kitchener School of Medicine remains a reference point in the country's medical education.其医学院与牙科学院均为苏丹同类机构中的首创，基奇纳医学院至今仍是该国医学教育的参照点。
• The Mycetoma Research Center concentrates research on a neglected tropical disease that is endemic in Sudan, giving the university a distinctive clinical research niche.真菌肿研究中心集中于一种在苏丹地方流行的被忽视热带病，为学校提供了独特的临床研究定位。
• By the end of 2011 the Faculty of Dentistry had become the only centre in Africa for examinations of the Diploma of Member of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland.到 2011 年底，牙科学院成为非洲唯一承办爱尔兰皇家外科医师学院牙科文凭考试的考试中心。
• OpenAlex indexes 15,682 works and 425,526 citations for the university, a body of work that reflects research across its medical, scientific and agricultural faculties.OpenAlex 收录该校 15682 项成果与 425526 次引用，体现了其医学、理学与农业院系的研究产出。
• Its graduates have supplied Sudan with prime ministers, ministers, judges and diplomats, a record that underpins its standing in national life.该校毕业生为苏丹输送了总理、部长、法官与外交官，这一记录支撑了学校在国家生活中的地位。

Student life

• Student life is shaped by a full-time undergraduate body of about 16,800 and a postgraduate community of 6,000, drawn from across Sudan.学生生活以约 16800 名本科生与 6000 名研究生为基础，学生来自苏丹各地。
• The annual intake of about 3,500 is 55 per cent female, and women form a visible share of every entering class.学校每年录取约 3500 人，其中 55% 为女性，女生在新生中占有显著比例。
• Students take part in workshops, lectures, debates, forum activism, book clubs and political parties, and the university has a long tradition of open political argument.学生参与工作坊、讲座、辩论、论坛活动、读书会与政党活动，学校拥有公开政治辩论的传统。
• Sporting life includes university sports championship tournaments and Sudan colleges championship tournaments, which bring teams from different faculties and institutions together.体育活动包括大学体育锦标赛与苏丹学院锦标赛，不同学院与院校的队伍在此同场竞技。
• The university's political culture has repeatedly put students at the centre of national protest, and closures after the 1989 coup were tied to pro-democracy rallies.学校的政治文化多次把学生推向全国抗议的中心，1989 年政变后的停课便与支持民主的集会有关。
• The April 2023 shutdown displaced students and staff, and damage to campus buildings interrupted teaching.2023 年 4 月的停课使师生流离失所，校园建筑受损也使教学随之中断。
• The Association of Dental Students of the University of Khartoum is a member of the International Association of Dental Students, and its 2006 conference in Khartoum was counted among the association's most successful meetings.喀土穆大学牙科学生协会是国际牙科学生协会成员，其 2006 年在喀土穆承办的会议被视为该协会最成功的会议之一。
• The dental association also runs health field trips in which students and staff travel to rural areas to provide dental care and preventive education.牙科学生协会还组织健康义诊，学生与教师前往农村地区提供牙科服务与预防教育。
• With campuses in Khartoum, Khartoum North, Omdurman and Suba, students often organize their days around travel between lectures, libraries and clinical placements.由于校区分布在喀土穆、北喀土穆、恩图曼与苏巴，学生常围绕讲座、图书馆与临床实习安排往返行程。
• The QS institutional profile records 163 international students, a small group within a student body of about 15,700.QS 机构档案记录该校有 163 名国际学生，在约 15700 人的学生群体中只占很小一部分。

Notable people

• Abdalla Hamdok, an economist and public administrator, became the 15th Prime Minister of Sudan and took office in 2019.阿卜杜拉·哈姆杜克是经济学家与公共管理者，后来出任苏丹第 15 任总理，于 2019 年就职。
• Hassan al-Turabi led the National Islamic Front, had served as dean of the Faculty of Law and was a dominant figure in Sudanese politics for decades.哈桑·图拉比领导全国伊斯兰阵线，曾任法学院院长，并在数十年间是苏丹政治中的主导人物之一。
• John Garang led the Sudan People's Liberation Army and its political movement during the second Sudanese civil war.约翰·加朗在第二次苏丹内战期间领导苏丹人民解放军与苏丹人民解放运动。
• Francis Deng served as United Nations Under-Secretary-General.弗朗西斯·登曾任联合国副秘书长。
• Tayeb Salih is one of Sudan's best-known novelists, and his novels are read across the Arab world.塔伊布·萨利赫是苏丹最著名的小说家之一，其小说在阿拉伯世界广为阅读。
• Leila Aboulela is a writer and playwright whose work has reached an international readership.莱拉·阿布莱拉是作家与剧作家，其作品拥有广泛的国际读者。
• Meena Alexander was a poet and Distinguished Professor of English at Hunter College and the City University of New York Graduate Center.米娜·亚历山大是诗人，曾任纽约亨特学院英语教授，并在纽约市立大学研究生中心任教。
• Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na'im is an Islamic scholar and professor of law at Emory University School of Law.阿卜杜拉希·艾哈迈德·安纳伊姆是伊斯兰学者，任埃默里大学法学院教授。
• Mansour Ali Haseeb was the first Sudanese professor and the first dean of the Faculty of Medicine.曼苏尔·阿里·哈西卜是苏丹首位教授，也是医学院首任院长。
• Elfatih A.B. Eltahir is professor of hydrology and water resources at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.埃尔法提赫·A·B·埃尔塔希尔是麻省理工学院水文学与水资源教授。
• Sulafa Khalid Mohamed Ali was a pioneer of paediatric cardiology in Sudan.苏拉法·哈利德·穆罕默德·阿里是苏丹儿科心脏病学的先驱。