University of Jena

Friedrich Schiller University Jena (German: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, abbreviated FSU) is a public research university in Jena, in the state of Thuringia in central Germany.耶拿弗里德里希·席勒大学（德语 Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena，简称 FSU）是德国中部图林根州耶拿的一所公立研究型大学

It was established in 1558 and is counted among the ten oldest universities in Germany, taking its present name in 1934 after the poet Friedrich Schiller, who taught there as a professor of philosophy.该校创办于 1558 年，跻身德国最古老的十所大学之列；1934 年以其曾在此任哲学教授的诗人弗里德里希·席勒冠名

With around 16,500 students, ten faculties and a research profile summed up as Light, Life, Liberty, it is affiliated with six Nobel Prize winners, most recently the physicist Herbert Kroemer in 2000.该校约有 16500 名学生、十个学院，其研究特色概括为「光、生命、自由（Light Life Liberty）」，先后与六位诺贝尔奖得主相关联，最近一位是 2000 年获奖的物理学家赫伯特·克罗默

History

• In 1547 the Saxon elector John Frederick I was defeated at Mühlberg and taken prisoner, and while captive he conceived a plan to found a university at Jena on the Saale.1547 年，萨克森选帝侯约翰·腓特烈一世在米尔贝格战败被俘，在囚禁期间产生在萨勒河畔耶拿创办一所大学的构想

• The plan was carried forward by his three sons, and in 1548 a Hohe Schule, or high school, opened in the Collegium Jenense, a former Dominican monastery.他的三个儿子将这一构想付诸实施，1548 年在由多明我会修道院改建的耶拿学院开办了一所高等学堂

• The Hohe Schule began with 171 students, taught by the professors Johannes Stigel, who taught philology and philosophy, and Victorius Strigel, who taught theology.这所高等学堂最初有 171 名学生，由教授约翰内斯·斯蒂格尔（讲授语文学与哲学）与维克托里乌斯·斯特里格尔（讲授神学）任教

• After Emperor Ferdinand I granted an imperial university privilege dated 15 August 1557, the Hohe Schule became a full university of the empire.1557 年 8 月 15 日，皇帝斐迪南一世颁授帝国大学特权，这所高等学堂由此升格为帝国的一所完整大学

• The university was solemnly inaugurated on 2 February 1558, a date still regarded as its founding day, and the Jena physician Johann Schröter was chosen as its first rector.该校于 1558 年 2 月 2 日举行隆重启用典礼，这一天至今被视为建校日，耶拿医生约翰·施勒特尔当选为首任校长

• Because it was founded to train Lutheran pastors, Jena soon became a leading centre of the Reformation and its edition of Luther's works outshone the rival Wittenberg edition.由于建校初衷是培养路德宗牧师，耶拿很快成为宗教改革的中心之一，其《路德文集》版本的影响力超过了竞争对手维滕贝格版本

• Around 1800 Jena entered a first golden age, when Goethe, as overseer of the region's learned institutions, expanded its libraries, collections and botanical garden.约 1800 年，耶拿迎来第一个黄金时代，时任该地区学术机构督学的歌德扩建了其图书馆、博物馆藏品与植物园

• In 1784 Goethe and the anatomist Justus Christian Loder discovered the human intermaxillary bone in the Jena anatomy, and the remains of the Anatomieturm are still visible in the city.1784 年，歌德与解剖学家尤斯图斯·克里斯蒂安·洛德尔在耶拿解剖室里发现了人类颌间骨，解剖塔的遗迹至今仍可见于城中

• At the turn of the nineteenth century Karl Leonhard Reinhold, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, G. W. F. Hegel, Friedrich Schelling and Friedrich Schlegel taught at Jena, making it the centre of German idealism and early Romanticism.在 19 世纪之交，莱因霍尔德、费希特、黑格尔、谢林与弗·施莱格尔先后在耶拿任教，使该校成为德国观念论与早期浪漫主义的中心

• Among the students of that era were Novalis, Hölderlin, Brentano and the educator Friedrich Fröbel, while Karl Marx and Robert Schumann later took their doctorates at Jena.那个时代的学生中有诺瓦利斯、荷尔德林、布伦塔诺与教育家福禄贝尔；卡尔·马克思与罗伯特·舒曼后来也在耶拿获得博士学位

• In June 1815 students founded the Urburschenschaft, the original German student fraternity, at the Gasthaus Grüne Tanne in Wenigenjena, and its black-red-gold colours later became the colours of Germany.1815 年 6 月，学生在韦尼根耶拿的「绿枞旅馆」创立了德国最早的原始学生社团 Urburschenschaft，其黑红金三色后来成为德国的国旗色

• From the 1840s the physicists and industrialists Carl Zeiss, Ernst Abbe and Otto Schott turned Jena into a world centre of optical industry through close cooperation with the university.自 19 世纪 40 年代起，卡尔·蔡司、恩斯特·阿贝与奥托·肖特通过与大学的紧密合作，把耶拿打造成世界光学工业中心

• Otto Schott had earned his doctorate at Jena in 1875 and founded a glass laboratory in 1874 that grew into the Schott glassworks, supplying the special glasses needed for microscopes.奥托·肖特于 1875 年在耶拿获得博士学位，并于 1874 年创办玻璃实验室，后来发展为肖特玻璃厂，为显微镜制造提供所需特种玻璃

• For the university's 350th anniversary in 1908 a new main building designed by Theodor Fischer was inaugurated, largely financed by the Zeiss Foundation.1908 年建校三百五十周年之际，由特奥多尔·菲舍尔设计的新主楼落成，其建设资金主要来自蔡司基金会

• In 1904 the American Rowena Morse became the first woman to receive a doctorate at Jena, graduating magna cum laude in the Faculty of Philosophy.1904 年，美国人罗伊娜·莫尔斯成为耶拿第一位获得博士学位的女性，在哲学院以优异成绩毕业

• In the early twentieth century Ernst Haeckel, the zoologist and champion of evolutionary theory, taught at Jena, as did the mathematician and logician Gottlob Frege and the psychiatrist Hans Berger, discoverer of the electroencephalogram.20 世纪初，动物学家、进化论拥护者恩斯特·海克尔在耶拿任教，数学与逻辑学家戈特洛布·弗雷格，以及脑电图发现者、精神病学家汉斯·贝格尔也在此执教

• In 1908 the philosopher Rudolf Eucken, a professor at Jena, won the Nobel Prize in Literature, one of six Nobel laureates associated with the university.1908 年，耶拿的哲学教授鲁道夫·奥伊肯获得诺贝尔文学奖，是该校六位相关诺奖得主之一

• After the Saxon duchies ended in 1918 and Thuringia became a state in 1920, the university was renamed the Thuringian State University in 1921.1918 年萨克森诸公国终结、1920 年图林根建州之后，该校于 1921 年更名为图林根州立大学

• On 10 November 1934, the 175th anniversary of Schiller's birth, the university received its present name, Friedrich Schiller University.1934 年 11 月 10 日，即席勒诞辰 175 周年之际，该校获得现名「弗里德里希·席勒大学」

• During the Nazi period the racial theorist Karl Astel became rector of the university in 1939, and many professors were dismissed under the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service.纳粹时期，种族理论家卡尔·阿斯特尔于 1939 年出任校长，许多教授依据《恢复职业公职法》被解职

• Allied air raids in the spring of 1945 damaged the main building and clinics and destroyed the university library, the botanical institute and several chemical and physiological institutes.1945 年春的盟军空袭损坏了主楼与诊所，并摧毁了大学图书馆、植物研究所及若干化学与生理研究所

• The Friedrich Schiller University reopened on 15 October 1945 by order of the Soviet Military Administration in Thuringia, and teaching resumed in December of that year.1945 年 10 月 15 日，弗里德里希·席勒大学依图林根苏联军事管理局的命令重新开办，同年 12 月恢复教学

• Since 1995 the university has formed a cooperation with the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg and Leipzig University, sharing teaching and research across central Germany.自 1995 年起，该校与哈勒-维滕贝格马丁·路德大学及莱比锡大学建立合作关系，在中德地区共享教学与科研

• In 2006 the university founded the Jena Center for the History of the Twentieth Century, and in 2007 the Jena School for Microbial Communication was established under Germany's Excellence Initiative.2006 年，该校成立二十世纪史耶拿研究中心；2007 年，耶拿微生物交流研究生院在德国「卓越计划」下设立

• In 2013 Jena became a founding partner of the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, a research centre of the German Research Foundation.2013 年，耶拿成为德国综合生物多样性研究中心（iDiv）哈勒-耶拿-莱比锡的创始伙伴，该中心是德国研究联合会的科研机构

Academics

• The university is organised into ten faculties covering theology, law, economics, the humanities, social and behavioural sciences, mathematics and computer science, physics and astronomy, chemistry and earth sciences, biology and pharmacy, and medicine.该校按十个学院组织，涵盖神学、法学、经济学、人文学科、社会与行为科学、数学与计算机科学、物理与天文学、化学与地球科学、生物与药学，以及医学

• It offers 126 degree programmes, including 40 bachelor's, 72 consecutive master's, several state-examination courses and 23 international programmes.该校开设 126 个学位项目，包括 40 个本科、72 个连续硕士、若干国家考试课程以及 23 个国际化项目

• In the winter semester of 2024/25 the university enrolled 16,552 students, of whom 3,784 were in their first semester and 2,346 were beginning their first degree at a German university.在 2024/25 冬季学期，该校注册学生 16552 人，其中 3784 人为第一学期新生，2346 人首次在德国高校开始学业

• Some 56 per cent of the students were women and about 15 per cent came from abroad, representing 118 different nations.约 56% 的学生为女性，约 15% 来自国外，来自 118 个不同国家

• The university employs 10,229 people including the university hospital, among them 422 professors and about 4,000 academic staff, with 85 per cent funded from the budget.该校连同附属医院共有 10229 名员工，其中包括 422 名教授与约 4000 名学术人员，其 85% 由预算拨款供养

• In 2024 the university's total income was 572 million euros including the hospital, of which 183 million euros came from third-party funding, the second-highest figure in its history.2024 年，该校连同医院的收入总额为 5.72 亿欧元，其中 1.83 亿欧元来自第三方经费，为校史上第二高

• Research at Jena is supported by seven DFG Collaborative Research Centres, nine research training groups, an Excellence Cluster and a DFG research centre.耶拿的科研由七个德国研究联合会联合研究中心、九个研究生院、一个卓越集群与一个德国研究联合会研究中心提供支持

• Friedrich Schiller University is the only German university with chairs for either gravitational theory or Caucasus studies, reflecting its distinctive research profile.弗里德里希·席勒大学是德国唯一设有引力理论或高加索研究教席的大学，体现了其独特的研究特色

• The university's leading research fields are grouped under the profile Light, Life, Liberty, covering optics and photonics, innovative materials, microbiology and biodiversity.该校的领先研究领域归入「光、生命、自由」这一特色之下，涵盖光学与光子学、创新材料、微生物学与生物多样性

• Jena runs a joint medical faculty with the Jena University Hospital, an integrated model in which hospital and faculty form a single legal entity of the university.耶拿与耶拿大学医院共办医学院，采取医院与学院构成大学单一法人实体的整合模式

• In 2024 the university maintained 488 international cooperations in 73 countries, including 203 university partnerships and 285 Erasmus partnerships.2024 年，该校在 73 个国家维持 488 项国际合作，其中包括 203 项校际伙伴关系与 285 项 Erasmus 伙伴关系

• The university is affiliated with six Nobel Prize winners, among them the physicist Herbert Kroemer, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000.该校与六位诺贝尔奖得主相关联，其中物理学家赫伯特·克罗默于 2000 年获得诺贝尔物理学奖

• Its Centre for Molecular Biomedicine, founded in 2008, and its interdisciplinary Laboratory of the Enlightenment support research across medicine and the humanities.该校 2008 年成立的分子生物医学中心与跨学科的启蒙运动实验室，支持医学与人文学科的交叉研究

• The university's four collaborative research areas include the AquaDiva project on the surface and subsurface biogeosphere and the ChemBioSys centre on chemical mediators.该校的四个联合研究领域包括研究地表与地下生物地球圈的 AquaDiva 项目，以及研究化学介质的 ChemBioSys 中心

• In 2024 the university appointed 30 new professors, about 17 per cent of them from institutions abroad, renewing its academic staff.2024 年，该校新聘 30 名教授，其中约 17% 来自国外机构，为其学术队伍注入新血

• Teaching at Jena is conducted mainly in German, with the international programmes taught wholly or partly in English for students from around the world.耶拿的教学主要以德语进行，其中国际化项目则全部或部分以英语授课，面向世界各地的学生

Campus

• Friedrich Schiller University has no single self-contained campus, and its buildings are distributed across the centre of Jena, a city on the Saale river in Thuringia.弗里德里希·席勒大学没有单一的自成一体式校区，其建筑散布于图林根州萨勒河畔耶拿的市中心

• The university's main building, designed by Theodor Fischer and opened in 1908 at Fürstengraben 1, remains the administrative and ceremonial centre of the institution.该校主楼由特奥多尔·菲舍尔设计，1908 年在王侯沟 1 号落成，至今仍是学校的行政与礼典中心

• The Collegium Jenense, the founding site of the university in a former Dominican monastery, still stands in the city centre as a historic university building.作为大学创办之地的耶拿学院，由多明我会修道院改建，至今仍矗立于市中心，是一处历史性的大学建筑

• The Jena Botanical Garden, founded in the sixteenth century, is the second oldest botanical garden in Middle Europe and is also home to the Goethe Memorial.耶拿植物园建于 16 世纪，是中欧第二古老的植物园，园内还设有歌德纪念地

• Among the university's collections open to the public are the Phyletisches Museum, unique in Europe for illustrating the history of evolution, and the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus.该校向公众开放的藏品中，包括在欧洲独树一帜、展现进化史的种系博物馆，以及恩斯特·海克尔故居

• The Mineralogical Collection traces its origins to Goethe, who also initiated the university observatory, and the Anatomical Collection preserves original specimens prepared by Goethe.矿物学藏品可上溯至歌德，大学天文台亦由其倡议设立；解剖学藏品则保存着歌德制作的原始标本

• Schiller's Garden House and the Goethe Memorial at the Botanical Garden are reminders of the two towering figures of Jena's classical age and are open to visitors.席勒花园屋与植物园中的歌德纪念地，是耶拿古典时代两位巨擘的遗迹，均向访客开放

• The Jena University Hospital, one of the largest employers in the region, forms an integrated part of the university alongside the medical faculty.耶拿大学医院是该地区最大的雇主之一，与医学院一起构成大学的整合组成部分

• Jena is a compact city of science shaped by the Zeiss and Schott companies, and students can walk between most university buildings in the centre.耶拿是一座由蔡司与肖特公司塑造的紧凑科学城，学生可在市中心步行往返于大多数大学建筑之间

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Friedrich Schiller University Jena is placed 567th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，弗里德里希·席勒大学位列世界第 567 名

• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed 217th in the world, its strongest showing among the major tables.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列世界第 217 名，是其四大榜单中最好的表现

• In the US News Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the university is placed 410th in the world.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校位列世界第 410 名

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it appears in the 401-500 band.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，该校位于 401 至 500 区间

• The university ranks around 22nd to 24th within Germany in the Times Higher Education table, reflecting its standing among German research universities.在泰晤士高等教育榜单中，该校在德国国内位列第 22 至 24 名左右，反映出其在德国研究型大学中的地位

• In the 2024 QS ranking the university stood 461st in the world and 26th nationally, consistent with its later position.在 2024 年 QS 排名中，该校位列世界第 461 名、德国国内第 26 名，与其之后的位次相符

• Friedrich Schiller University is affiliated with six Nobel Prize winners, including Rudolf Eucken, who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1908.弗里德里希·席勒大学与六位诺贝尔奖得主相关联，其中包括 1908 年诺贝尔文学奖得主鲁道夫·奥伊肯

• OpenAlex attributes to the university tens of thousands of scholarly works and a large citation record, consistent with its research-intensive character.OpenAlex 把数万项学术成果与可观的引用记录归于该校，与其研究密集型特质相符

• Its research strengths in optics, photonics, microbiology and biodiversity are reflected in national collaborations and in the Excellence Initiative.其在光学、光子学、微生物学与生物多样性方面的研究优势，体现在全国性合作与卓越计划之中

Student life

• The university's guiding motto and research profile is Light, Life, Liberty, a phrase that shapes its self-presentation and its strategy.该校的指导校训与研究特色为「光、生命、自由（Light Life Liberty）」，这一表述塑造了其自我呈现与发展战略

• Jena preserves strong German student traditions dating from the founding of the Urburschenschaft in 1815, whose black-red-gold colours became the German national colours.耶拿保留着自 1815 年 Urburschenschaft 成立以来的浓厚德国学生传统，其黑红金三色后来成为德国国旗色

• The university keeps a historical detention room, the Karzer, decorated with famous caricatures by the Swiss painter Martin Disteli.该校保留着一间历史上的禁闭室 Karzer，其中装饰着瑞士画家马丁·迪斯特利的著名漫画

• Jena was noted among German universities of its time for allowing students to duel, a practice then regarded as a mark of German student life.在当时的德国大学中，耶拿以允许学生决斗而著称，这一习俗被视作德国学生生活的标志

• The Jena Botanical Garden and the Schiller Garden House are used for teaching and public events, linking student life to the city's classical heritage.耶拿植物园与席勒花园屋用于教学与公共活动，将学生生活与这座城市的古典遗产联系起来

• Students benefit from the university's close ties to the Zeiss and Schott companies, which have long offered research and career links in optics and photonics.学生受益于该校与蔡司、肖特公司的紧密联系，这些企业在光学与光子学领域长期提供科研与就业通道

• The university's proximity to non-university research institutes and to the Jena University Hospital enriches student research and clinical training.该校毗邻多家校外研究机构与耶拿大学医院，丰富了学生的科研与临床训练

• Jena's compact size and its position in the Saale valley give students easy access to the countryside, with hill walking and cycling close to the city.耶拿规模紧凑并地处萨勒河谷，学生得以便捷地接近乡村，在近郊进行登山与骑行

• International students are supported through the university's 203 university partnerships and 285 Erasmus links, and around 15 per cent of students come from abroad.国际学生通过该校 203 项校际伙伴关系与 285 项 Erasmus 合作获得支持，约 15% 的学生来自国外

• As a university city shaped by optics, literature and philosophy, Jena combines an academic calendar of lectures and cultural events with the heritage of Goethe and Schiller.作为一座因光学、文学与哲学而闻名的大学城，耶拿把讲座与文化活动的学术日程同歌德和席勒的遗产融为一体

Notable people

• John Frederick I, Elector of Saxony, first conceived the university during his captivity after the battle of Mühlberg in 1547, and his sons carried the plan through in 1548.萨克森选帝侯约翰·腓特烈一世在 1547 年米尔贝格战役后被囚期间首倡创办该校，其诸子于 1548 年将计划付诸实施

• Johann Schröter, a physician and former imperial personal doctor, became the first rector of the university after the imperial privilege of 1557.医生、前帝国御医约翰·施勒特尔在 1557 年获得帝国特权后成为该校首任校长

• Johannes Stigel and Victorius Strigel were the first professors of the Hohe Schule in 1548, teaching philology, philosophy and theology.约翰内斯·斯蒂格尔与维克托里乌斯·斯特里格尔是 1548 年高等学堂的首批教授，分别讲授语文学、哲学与神学

• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe shaped the university as overseer of learned institutions, expanding its libraries, collections and botanical garden around 1800.约翰·沃尔夫冈·冯·歌德作为学术机构督学塑造了这所大学，约 1800 年扩建了其图书馆、藏品与植物园

• Friedrich Schiller, the poet, taught at Jena as professor of philosophy, and the university took his name in 1934.诗人弗里德里希·席勒曾在耶拿担任哲学教授，该校于 1934 年以其名冠名

• G. W. F. Hegel, Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Schelling all taught at Jena, making the university the cradle of German idealism.黑格尔、费希特与谢林都曾在耶拿任教，使该校成为德国观念论的摇篮

• Karl Marx took his doctorate at Jena, and the composer Robert Schumann also earned a doctorate there.卡尔·马克思在耶拿获得博士学位，作曲家罗伯特·舒曼也在此取得博士学位

• Ernst Haeckel, the zoologist and champion of Darwinian evolution, taught at Jena and gave his name to the university's Phyletisches Museum and the Ernst-Haeckel-Haus.动物学家、达尔文进化论拥护者恩斯特·海克尔在耶拿任教，其名字被用于该校的种系博物馆与恩斯特·海克尔故居

• Gottlob Frege, the mathematician and logician who founded modern logic, was a professor at Jena in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.创立现代逻辑的数学与逻辑学家戈特洛布·弗雷格在 19 世纪末与 20 世纪初担任耶拿的教授

• Rudolf Eucken, a professor of philosophy at Jena, won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1908.耶拿的哲学教授鲁道夫·奥伊肯于 1908 年获得诺贝尔文学奖

• Herbert Kroemer, associated with Jena as a graduate, won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2000 for his work on semiconductor heterostructures.与耶拿有校友渊源的赫伯特·克罗默，因半导体异质结构研究获得 2000 年诺贝尔物理学奖

• Carl Zeiss, Ernst Abbe and Otto Schott, who worked with the university, turned Jena into a world centre of optical industry in the nineteenth century.与该校合作的卡尔·蔡司、恩斯特·阿贝与奥托·肖特，在 19 世纪把耶拿打造成世界光学工业中心

• Auguste Rodin, the French sculptor, received an honorary doctorate from Jena in 1905, an example of the university's cultural reach.法国雕塑家奥古斯特·罗丹于 1905 年获耶拿荣誉博士学位，是该校文化影响力的一个例证