University of Houston

The University of Houston (UH) is a public research university in Houston, Texas, United States, founded in 1927 as Houston Junior College and the flagship institution of the University of Houston System since 1977.休斯顿大学（University of Houston，简称 UH）是美国德克萨斯州休斯顿的一所公立研究型大学，1927 年以休斯顿初级学院之名创办，自 1977 年起为休斯顿大学系统的旗舰院校。

It comprises fifteen colleges and an interdisciplinary honors college, offers more than 300 degree programmes, enrols about 48,950 students, and was placed 551st in the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校由 15 个学院与一个跨学科荣誉学院组成，开设 300 多个学位项目，注册学生约 48,950 人，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 551 位。

Classified among R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity, UH spent more than 275.9 million dollars on research in 2025 and is the third-largest university in Texas by enrolment.该校被列为研究活动极强的 R1 级博士型大学，2025 年科研支出逾 2.759 亿美元，按在校生规模是德克萨斯州第三大大学。

History

• The University of Houston began as Houston Junior College, when on 7 March 1927 the trustees of the Board of Education of the Houston Independent School District unanimously signed a charter founding the junior college.休斯顿大学起初是休斯顿初级学院；1927 年 3 月 7 日，休斯顿独立学区教育委员会全体一致签署章程，创办了这所初级学院。
• The college was operated and administered by the school district and was originally located on the San Jacinto High School campus, offering only night courses to train future teachers.该学院由学区运营与管理，最初设于圣哈辛托高中校址，仅开设夜间课程以培养未来的教师。
• Its first class began on 5 June 1927 with an enrolment of 232 students and 12 faculty recruited from Rice University, the University of Texas and Sam Houston State Teacher's College.其第一届课程于 1927 年 6 月 5 日开课，共有 232 名学生与 12 名教师，教师分别从莱斯大学、德克萨斯大学与萨姆休斯顿州立师范学院聘请。
• In the fall semester the college opened enrolment to high school students, by which time it had about 230 students and eight faculty holding evening classes at San Jacinto High School.秋季学期，学院向高中生开放招生，当时约有 230 名学生与 8 名教师，晚间课程在圣哈辛托高中进行。
• Houston Junior College's first president was Edison Ellsworth Oberholtzer, the dominant force in establishing the junior college.休斯顿初级学院的首任校长是爱迪生·埃尔思沃思·奥伯霍尔策，他是促成这所初级学院成立的核心人物。
• In October 1933 the governor of Texas, Miriam A. Ferguson, signed House Bill 194 into law, making the junior college eligible to become a university.1933 年 10 月，德克萨斯州长米丽娅姆·A·弗格森签署第 194 号众议院法案，使该初级学院具备了升格为大学的条件。
• On 11 September 1933 Houston's Board of Education resolved to make the college a four-year institution and to change its name to the University of Houston, and the formal charter was passed on 30 April 1934.1933 年 9 月 11 日，休斯顿教育委员会决议将该学院改为四年制机构并更名为休斯顿大学，正式章程于 1934 年 4 月 30 日通过。
• The university's first session as a four-year institution began on 4 June 1934 at San Jacinto High School with an enrolment of 682 students, taught by 39 faculty members in three colleges.作为四年制大学的首个学期于 1934 年 6 月 4 日在圣哈辛托高中开始，注册学生 682 人，由 39 名教师分属三个学院授课。
• In 1934 the first campus of the University of Houston was established at the Second Baptist Church, and the next year it moved to the South Main Baptist Church on Main Street for five years.1934 年，休斯顿大学的首个校园设于第二浸信会教堂；次年又迁至主街上的南主浸信会教堂，并在此办学五年。
• In May 1935 the institution as a university held its first commencement at Miller Outdoor Theatre.1935 年 5 月，该校作为大学在米勒露天剧场举行了首届毕业典礼。
• In 1936 the heirs of the philanthropists J. J. Settegast and Ben Taub donated 110 acres to the university for use as a permanent location.1936 年，慈善家 J·J·塞特加斯特与本·陶布的继承人向该校捐赠 110 英亩土地，用作永久校址。
• In 1937 the city added Saint Bernard Street, later renamed Cullen Boulevard, which became a major thoroughfare of the campus.1937 年，市政当局修建了圣伯纳德街，该街后来更名为卡伦大道，成为校园的一条主干道。
• In 1938 Hugh Roy Cullen donated 335,000 dollars for the first building at the new site, whose Roy Gustav Cullen Memorial Building was dedicated on 4 June 1939.1938 年，休·罗伊·卡伦捐资 33.5 万美元，用于在新校址建造首座建筑；其罗伊·古斯塔夫·卡伦纪念楼于 1939 年 6 月 4 日落成。
• That building, opened for classes on 20 September 1939, was the first air-conditioned college building constructed on a United States campus.该楼于 1939 年 9 月 20 日正式开课使用，是美国大学校园中第一座装有空调的教学楼。
• During the Second World War the university was one of six colleges selected to train radio technicians in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, through which 4,178 students passed by March 1945.二战期间，该校被选为六所参与 V-12 海军大学训练计划培养无线电技术员的院校之一，到 1945 年 3 月共有 4,178 名学生受训。
• On 12 March 1945 Senate Bill 207 was signed into law, removing the University of Houston from the control of the school district and placing it under a board of regents, and in 1945 the university became a private institution.1945 年 3 月 12 日，第 207 号参议院法案签署成法，使休斯顿大学脱离学区管辖、交由校董会管理，1945 年该校成为一所私立大学。
• In March 1947 the regents authorised the creation of a law school, and in 1949 the M.D. Anderson Foundation gave 1.5 million dollars for a dedicated library building on the campus.1947 年 3 月，校董会批准设立法学院；1949 年，M·D·安德森基金会捐资 150 万美元，用于在校园建造专门的图书馆大楼。
• By 1950 the university's educational plant consisted of 12 permanent buildings, with more than 14,000 students and a full-time faculty of more than 300, and its radio station KUHF signed on in November.到 1950 年，该校教育设施已包括 12 座永久建筑，学生逾 14,000 人、专任教师逾 300 人；同年 11 月，其广播电台 KUHF 开播。
• In 1953 the university established KUHT, the first educational television station in the United States, after the Federal Communications Commission's television licensing freeze ended.1953 年，在联邦通信委员会的电视牌照冻结期结束后，该校建立了 KUHT，这是美国第一家教育电视台。
• After a long campaign led by president A.D. Bruce, Senate Bill 2 was passed on 23 May 1961, enabling the University of Houston to enter the state system in 1963.经过校长 A·D·布鲁斯领导的长期争取，第 2 号参议院法案于 1961 年 5 月 23 日通过，使休斯顿大学于 1963 年进入州立大学系统。
• The University of Houston, initially reserved for white students, was racially desegregated around the 1960s, and at least twelve Black students were admitted and enrolled in the fall of 1962.最初只招收白人学生的休斯顿大学在 1960 年代前后实现种族融合，1962 年秋季至少有 12 名黑人学生获准入校注册。
• As the university celebrated its 50th anniversary, the Texas Legislature formally established the University of Houston System in 1977, with Philip G. Hoffman becoming its first chancellor.在该校庆祝建校 50 周年之际，德克萨斯州议会于 1977 年正式设立休斯顿大学系统，菲利普·G·霍夫曼出任其首任校监。
• From 26 April 1983 the university's official name was University of Houston–University Park, but the name was changed back to University of Houston on 26 August 1991.自 1983 年 4 月 26 日起，该校官方名称一度为休斯顿大学-大学公园分校，但 1991 年 8 月 26 日又改回休斯顿大学。
• In 1997 the administrations of the UH System and the university were combined under a single chief executive with the dual title of chancellor and president, first held by Arthur K. Smith.1997 年，休斯顿大学系统与该校的行政机构合并，由一位身兼校监与校长双重头衔的首席执行官统辖，首任者为阿瑟·K·史密斯。
• In January 2011 the University of Houston was classified by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching as a research university with very high research activity.2011 年 1 月，休斯顿大学被卡内基教学促进基金会列为研究活动极强的研究型大学。
• In October 2018 the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board approved the creation of the College of Medicine, whose inaugural class entered in 2020.2018 年 10 月，德克萨斯州高等教育协调委员会批准设立医学院，其首届学生于 2020 年入学。

Academics

• The University of Houston consists of fifteen colleges and an interdisciplinary honors college, offering over 310 degree programmes as well as professional qualifications.休斯顿大学由 15 个学院与一个跨学科荣誉学院组成，开设 310 多个学位项目以及各类专业资格课程。
• The university offers 51 doctoral degrees, including professional doctorates in law, optometry, medicine and pharmacy.该校设有 51 个博士学位项目，其中包括法律、验光、医学与药学等专业博士学位。
• Its colleges include the Cullen College of Engineering, the C. T. Bauer College of Business, the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences and the College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics.其学院包括卡伦工程学院、C·T·鲍尔商学院、人文与社会科学学院以及自然科学与数学学院。
• Other colleges and schools include the Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture and Design, the Conrad N. Hilton College of Global Hospitality Leadership, the UH Law Center and the College of Medicine.其他学院与学部包括杰拉尔德·D·海因斯建筑与设计学院、康拉德·N·希尔顿全球酒店管理学院、休斯顿大学法学院以及医学院。
• The university also houses the Hobby School of Public Affairs, created in 2016, the Moores School of Music, the School of Theatre and Dance and the Jack J. Valenti School of Communication.该校还设有 2016 年创立的霍比公共事务学院、穆尔斯音乐学院、戏剧与舞蹈学院，以及杰克·J·瓦伦蒂传播学院。
• UH's faculty includes Paul Chu of the Physics Department, a National Medal of Science recipient known for high-temperature superconductivity, and Jody Williams, a Nobel Peace Prize laureate.该校教师包括物理系的保罗·朱——一位以高温超导研究著称的国家科学奖获得者，以及诺贝尔和平奖得主乔迪·威廉姆斯。
• UH is one of four public universities in Texas with a Phi Beta Kappa chapter, reflecting its standing in the liberal arts.该校是德克萨斯州四所设有 Phi Beta Kappa 荣誉学会分会的公立大学之一，体现其在人文领域的地位。
• The College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences runs a Creative Writing Program whose founders include the alumnus Donald Barthelme, offering degrees in poetry, fiction and non-fiction.人文与社会科学学院开设创意写作项目，其创办者之一为校友唐纳德·巴塞尔姆，提供诗歌、小说与非虚构写作学位。
• The Gerald D. Hines College of Architecture and Design is one of only 36 schools accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board.杰拉尔德·D·海因斯建筑与设计学院是全国仅有 36 所获国家建筑认证委员会认证的学院之一。
• The C. T. Bauer College of Business hosts the undergraduate entrepreneurship programme that ranked first in the nation in the 2025 Princeton Review and Entrepreneur magazine ranking.C·T·鲍尔商学院主办的本科创业项目在 2025 年《普林斯顿评论》与《创业者》杂志排名中位列全国第一。
• Business and engineering are among the university's flagship fields, alongside health sciences, energy and artificial intelligence research.商科与工程是该校的旗舰学科领域之一，此外还有健康科学、能源与人工智能研究。
• UH operates more than 40 research centres and institutes, including the Texas Center for Superconductivity, and maintains partnerships with government, health care and private industry.该校运营 40 多个研究中心与研究所，其中包括德克萨斯超导中心，并与政府、医疗与私营产业保持合作。
• In 2019 the university launched the 50in5 initiative, led by the provost, to increase research by 50 per cent in five years and to double its national centres from five to 10.2019 年，该校由教务长牵头启动「50in5」计划，目标是在五年内使科研规模增长 50%，并把国家级中心从 5 个增加到 10 个。
• The university is home to 14 national research centres and 27 university-led institutes, and a senior honors thesis programme gives undergraduates early research experience.该校设有 14 个国家级研究中心与 27 个校方主导的研究所，并通过高级荣誉论文项目为本科生提供早期科研经历。
• UHin4, the university's fixed-tuition programme, lets students lock in tuition if they commit to taking 15 or more credit hours each semester.该校的固定学费项目 UHin4 允许学生锁定学费，前提是每学期修读 15 个及以上学分。
• In 2022 the university approved a Bachelor of Arts in Mexican American and Latino/a Applied Studies, reflecting Houston's large Hispanic and Latino population.2022 年，该校批准设立墨西哥裔美国人及拉丁裔应用研究文学士项目，以回应休斯顿庞大的西语裔与拉丁裔人口。

Campus

• The university's main campus lies in southeast Houston, with an official address of 4800 Calhoun Road, and is roughly bisected by Cullen Boulevard, a thoroughfare synonymous with the university.该校主校区位于休斯顿东南部，官方地址为卡伦路 4800 号，大致由卡伦大道从中分隔，这条大道已成为该校的代名词。
• The campus spans an area described by the UH System as nearly 670 acres and includes two additional instructional sites in Sugar Land and Katy.该校园面积被休斯顿大学系统描述为近 670 英亩，另在糖城与凯蒂设有两处教学点。
• The campus framework identifies five core districts: the Central District, the Arts District, the Professional District, the Residential District and the Athletics District.其校园规划确立五个核心分区：中央区、艺术区、专业区、住宿区与体育区。
• The Central District holds the M.D. Anderson Library and the original buildings of the Roy G. Cullen Building, the Old Science Building and the Ezekiel W. Cullen Building.中央区设有 M·D·安德森图书馆，以及罗伊·G·卡伦楼、旧科学楼与以西结·W·卡伦楼等早期建筑。
• The Arts District is home to the Moores School of Music, the School of Art and the Cynthia Woods Mitchell Center for the Performing Arts, which contains the Lyndall Finley Wortham Theatre.艺术区坐落着穆尔斯音乐学院、艺术学院以及辛西娅·伍兹·米切尔表演艺术中心，后者内有林德尔·芬利·沃瑟姆剧院。
• The Residential District contains the twin 18-story Moody Towers, which together house 1,100 students, and The Quad, completed in 2020 and renamed from the former Quadrangle.住宿区包含两座 18 层的穆迪双子塔，合计可住 1,100 名学生，以及 2020 年落成、由旧「方庭」更名而来的 The Quad。
• In the Athletics District, the football stadium was rebuilt and renamed the Fertitta Center in 2018 after UH received a 20 million dollar donation from the entrepreneur Tilman Fertitta.在体育区，该校在 2018 年收到企业家蒂尔曼·费尔蒂塔捐赠的 2,000 万美元后，将橄榄球场重建并更名为费尔蒂塔中心。
• The Cullen Performance Hall is a 1,612-seat theatre, the Blaffer Art Museum is a contemporary art museum, and the Energy Research Park occupies 74 acres acquired from Schlumberger in 2009.卡伦演出厅是可容纳 1,612 人的剧院，布拉弗艺术博物馆是一座当代艺术博物馆，能源研究园则占地 74 英亩，于 2009 年从斯伦贝谢公司购得。
• The university also operates a 250-acre branch campus in Sugar Land, founded in 1995 as a teaching centre, and a 75-acre innovation site known as the UH Technology Bridge.该校还运营一所 250 英亩的糖城分校（1995 年作为教学中心创办），以及一处 75 英亩、名为休斯顿大学技术桥的创新园区。

Reputation

• UH is placed 551st in the world in the QS World University Rankings 2027.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，休斯顿大学位列世界第 551 位。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed in the 401-450 band.在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位列第 401 至 450 区间。
• In the U.S. News & World Report Best Global Universities ranking for 2026-2027 the university is placed 390th in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年《美国新闻与世界报道》最佳全球大学排名中，该校位列世界第 390 位。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places UH in the 301-400 band.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将休斯顿大学列入第 301 至 400 区间。
• In the 2026 U.S. News rankings the university placed in the top 50 universities for social mobility, having ranked 40th nationwide for social mobility in 2025.在 2026 年《美国新闻与世界报道》排名中，该校跻身社会流动性指标的前 50 名；2025 年其社会流动性位列全国第 40 位。
• The University of Houston Law Center was ranked tied for 63rd in the nation and fifth in Texas in the graduate school rankings published by U.S. News.在《美国新闻与世界报道》发布的研究生院排名中，休斯顿大学法学院并列全国第 63 位、德克萨斯州第 5 位。
• UH is classified among R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity, and in 2025 its annual research expenditures exceeded 275.9 million dollars.休斯顿大学被列为研究活动极强的 R1 级博士型大学，2025 年其年度科研支出超过 2.759 亿美元。
• Estimates from the National Science Foundation put UH's research spending at about 177 million dollars in 2018, when it ranked 123rd nationally.美国国家科学基金会的数据估算，该校 2018 年的科研支出约为 1.77 亿美元，当年全国排名第 123 位。
• On OpenAlex, about 100,342 scholarly works and more than 6.3 million citations are associated with the university, reflecting a broad research base in science and engineering.在 OpenAlex 上，与该校相关的学术成果约 100,342 项、引用逾 630 万次，反映出其在科学与工程领域广泛的科研基础；这些成果横跨工程、自然科学、商学与健康科学等领域；依托校内 40 多个研究中心与研究所、14 个国家级研究中心与 27 个校方研究所，该校在超导、太空商业化、生物医学工程、能源与人工智能等方向持续开展研究，并与休斯顿地区的能源企业、医疗机构和政府机构保持合作，把科研成果转化为地区经济与公共健康服务；作为德克萨斯州规模第三大的大学，它还通过工程、商科、法律、酒店管理与医学等专业，为大休斯顿都市区培养了大量专业人才；其校友网络逾 34 万人，遍布能源、医疗、航天、教育与文化产业，进一步扩大了大学对地区与国家的影响；每年授予逾 11,000 个学位，使其成为休斯顿人才供给的重要来源；校方亦通过「50in5」等计划继续扩大科研产出，力争在国家级研究中心数量与科研经费上再上台阶，这些努力共同支撑着它作为 R1 级研究型大学的定位。

Student life

• The university's motto is In Tempore, meaning In Time, and its official seal, adopted in 1938, is a stylised version of the coat of arms of General Sam Houston.该校校训为「In Tempore」，意为「及时」；其 1938 年采用的校徽是萨姆·休斯顿将军纹章的程式化版本。
• UH's official colours are scarlet red and albino white, adopted at the same time as the seal and derived from the colours of Sam Houston's ancestor, Sir Hugh de Paduinan.该校官方配色为猩红色与纯白，与校徽同时采用，源自萨姆·休斯顿的祖先休·德帕杜伊南爵士的纹章颜色。
• The school's official mascot is a cougar, adopted in 1947 and later named Shasta, and the live mascot tradition continued with Shasta VII and Louie in 2022.该校的官方吉祥物是美洲狮，1947 年采用并后来取名 Shasta；活体吉祥物的传统在 2022 年由 Shasta VII 与 Louie 延续。
• The Cougar Paw hand sign, with the ring finger bent, became a symbol of pride after a 1953 football game against the University of Texas in which the mascot lost a toe.弯曲无名指的「美洲狮爪」手势源自 1953 年对阵德克萨斯大学的一场橄榄球赛——当时吉祥物失去了一只脚趾，此后成为自豪的象征。
• Frontier Fiesta, a re-creation of a nineteenth-century Western town with music, food and exhibits, is a major student-led event each spring dating back to the 1940s.「边疆嘉年华」再现十九世纪的西部小镇，集音乐、美食与展览于一体，是源自 1940 年代、每年春季由学生主导的重要活动。
• The BLAZE, an oil field warning siren operated by the student group known as the Frontiersmen, was purchased in 1991 to represent the university's ties to the petroleum industry.由学生团体「拓荒者」操控的油田警报器 The BLAZE 于 1991 年购置，用以象征该校与石油工业的联系。
• The university supports more than 500 student organizations and 17 intercollegiate sports teams, whose athletic teams are known as the Houston Cougars.该校拥有 500 多个学生组织与 17 支校际运动队，其运动队被称为「休斯顿美洲狮」。
• The Cougars compete in the Big 12 Conference, which the university joined in 2021, and field NCAA Division I teams in all sports.美洲狮队参加 2021 年加入的十二大联盟，并在所有项目上都派出 NCAA 一级联赛队伍。
• The official student newspaper is The Cougar, published since 1927, while students also produce CoogTV, a live student-run network, and CoogRadio, launched in 2011.其官方学生报纸是自 1927 年创刊的《The Cougar》；学生另制作直播型学生电视网 CoogTV，以及 2011 年开播的学生电台 CoogRadio。

Notable people

• Edison Ellsworth Oberholtzer was the first president of Houston Junior College and the dominant force behind its establishment.爱迪生·埃尔思沃思·奥伯霍尔策是休斯顿初级学院的首任校长，也是促成其成立的核心人物。
• Renu Khator has served as president of the University of Houston and chancellor of the UH System since January 2008, guiding the university's rise as a research institution.雷努·卡托尔自 2008 年 1 月起担任休斯顿大学校长兼休斯顿大学系统校监，引领该校向研究型大学攀升。
• Philip G. Hoffman, who resigned the university presidency to become the first chancellor of the University of Houston System in 1977, shaped the system's early structure.菲利普·G·霍夫曼于 1977 年卸任大学校长、出任休斯顿大学系统首任校监，塑造了该系统的早期架构。
• Hakeem Olajuwon, the Nigerian-American basketball star, played for the Houston Cougars before his Hall of Fame career in the NBA.尼日利亚裔美国篮球巨星哈基姆·奥拉朱旺在进入名人堂级别的 NBA 生涯前，曾效力于休斯顿美洲狮队。
• Clyde Drexler, another Basketball Hall of Fame member, played for the Cougars in the early 1980s in the team known as Phi Slama Jama.另一位篮球名人堂成员克莱德·德雷克斯勒在 1980 年代初效力于被称作「Phi Slama Jama」的美洲狮队。
• Carl Lewis, the nine-time Olympic gold medallist in athletics, is a graduate of the University of Houston.九枚奥运金牌得主、田径名将卡尔·刘易斯是休斯顿大学的毕业生。
• Andre Ware, the 1989 Heisman Trophy winner, played quarterback for the Houston Cougars.1989 年海斯曼奖得主安德烈·韦尔曾担任休斯顿美洲狮队的四分卫。
• Jim Parsons, the actor known for the television series The Big Bang Theory, studied at the University of Houston.以电视剧《生活大爆炸》闻名的演员吉姆·帕森斯曾在休斯顿大学就读。
• Matt Mullenweg, the creator of the WordPress publishing platform, attended the university.博客出版平台 WordPress 的创建者马特·穆伦韦格曾就读于该校。
• Elizabeth Warren, a United States senator from Massachusetts and a former faculty member of the UH Law Center, received her Bachelor of Science from UH in 1970.美国马萨诸塞州联邦参议员、曾任休斯顿大学法学院教师的伊丽莎白·沃伦于 1970 年在该校获得理学学士学位。
• Jack Valenti, long-time president of the Motion Picture Association of America and creator of its film rating system, received his degree from UH.长期担任美国电影协会主席并创设其电影分级制度的杰克·瓦伦蒂在休斯顿大学获得学位。
• Tom DeLay, a former majority leader of the United States House of Representatives, also attended the University of Houston, as did the businessman Tilman Fertitta.美国众议院前多数党领袖汤姆·迪莱也曾就读休斯顿大学，企业家蒂尔曼·费尔蒂塔亦然。
• Paul Chu, a National Medal of Science recipient and pioneer of high-temperature superconductivity, served as a professor at the university.国家科学奖获得者、高温超导研究的先驱保罗·朱曾在该校任教。