University of Hamburg

The University of Hamburg (German: Universität Hamburg, UHH) is a public research university in the city of Hamburg, Germany, with its main campus in the central quarter of Rotherbaum and institutes and research centres spread across the city-state.汉堡大学（德文：Universität Hamburg，简称 UHH）是位于德国汉堡市的公立研究型大学，主校区设于市中心罗特鲍姆区，各研究所与研究中心则散布于整个汉堡州。

Founded on 28 March 1919 by merging the General Lecture System, the Hamburg Colonial Institute and the Academic College, it is one of the largest universities in Germany with 42,819 students, has held the title University of Excellence since 2019 and was placed 209th in the QS World University Rankings 2027.该校于 1919 年 3 月 28 日由大众讲座体系、汉堡殖民学院与学术中学合并而成，在校学生 42,819 人，是德国规模最大的大学之一，自 2019 年起获「精英大学」称号，并在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 209 位。

History

• Hamburg's learned tradition reaches back to 1529, when a friend of Martin Luther was invited to reorganise the city's schools and church and founded the Johanneum in the former St John's monastery beside the city library of 1479.汉堡的学术传统可追溯到 1529 年，当时市政府邀请马丁·路德的一位友人前来重整城市的教育与教会制度，他在 1479 年建立的市图书馆旁、昔日圣约翰修道院旧址创办了约翰高等学校。

• In 1613 the city set up an academic high school where students could spend two years preparing for university, taught at first by four professors and later by six.1613 年该市设立了一所学术高级中学，学生可在此用两年时间为升入大学做准备，最初有 4 名教授、后增至 6 名。

• The Hamburg Commercial Academy, founded in 1768, counted Alexander von Humboldt among its most famous graduates, and the Hamburg Observatory of 1801 served above all for navigation.创办于 1768 年的汉堡商业学院，其最著名的毕业生之一是亚历山大·冯·洪堡；1801 年设立的汉堡天文台则主要用于导航。

• From the 1860s Hamburg's higher schools began admitting non-Protestant students, and at the end of the nineteenth century, after the academic high school closed, the city created the General Lecture System and in 1900 the Institute for Maritime and Tropical Diseases.自十九世纪六十年代起汉堡的高等学校开始招收非新教学生；十九世纪末学术高级中学关闭后，市政府设立了大众讲座体系，并于 1900 年设立航海与热带病研究所。

• At the start of the twentieth century wealthy merchants sought a university, but their petitions were rejected, notably by the influential chamber of commerce, so supporters founded the Hamburg Scientific Foundation in 1907 and the Hamburg Colonial Institute in 1908.二十世纪初，富商们谋求建立一所大学，但请求屡遭否决、尤其是有影响力的商会反对，于是支持者于 1907 年成立汉堡科学基金会、1908 年成立汉堡殖民学院。

• In 1911 the city's first lecture building opened, paid for by private donation, on the site of what is now the university's main administration building, while plans for the university itself were shelved by the outbreak of the First World War.1911 年，由私人捐资兴建的首座讲座楼落成，其址即今日大学主行政楼所在；而建立大学本身的计划因第一次世界大战爆发而搁置。

• After the war the first freely elected senate chose Werner von Melle, a long-standing supporter of a university, as mayor, and he and Rudolf Ross carried a law creating both the university and an adult high school.战后首届自由选举产生的市议会推举长期主张建校的维尔纳·冯·梅勒为市长，他与鲁道夫·罗斯一同推动通过了一项同时设立大学与成人高中的法律。

• The University of Hamburg opened on 28 March 1919, raising the number of full professorships in the city from 19 to 39 and absorbing the Colonial Institute, the General Lecture System and the hospital into the new institution.汉堡大学于 1919 年 3 月 28 日开学，把该市的正教授席位从 19 个增加到 39 个，并把殖民学院、大众讲座体系与医院一并纳入这所新机构。

• Its first faculties were law and political science, medicine, philosophy, and natural sciences.学校最初设有四个学院，即法学与政治学、医学、哲学以及自然科学。

• During the Weimar Republic the university grew quickly to several thousand students and drew scholars such as Aby Warburg and Ernst Cassirer, and Cassirer became principal in 1929, one of the first Jewish scholars to hold such a post in Germany, while the number of full professors reached 75 by 1931.魏玛共和国时期，大学迅速发展到数千名学生，并吸引阿比·瓦尔堡与恩斯特·卡西尔等学者前来任教，卡西尔于 1929 年出任校长、是德国最早担任此职的犹太学者之一，到 1931 年正教授人数增至 75 名。

• Because students suffered badly in the economic crisis, the Hamburg Association of Student Aid was founded in 1922, and it opened the city's first student dormitory in the autumn of that year and the first student canteen in the summer of 1923.由于学生在经济危机中处境艰难，汉堡学生互助协会于 1922 年成立，并于当年秋天开设汉堡第一座学生宿舍、1923 年夏开设第一座学生食堂。

• After the Nazi takeover the university was renamed the Hanseatic University, books deemed undesirable were removed from its libraries, about 50 scientists including Cassirer and William Stern were dismissed, and at least ten students suspected of links to the White Rose were arrested, four of whom died in custody or were executed.纳粹上台后，大学被改名为「汉萨大学」，被视为不良的书籍被从图书馆剔除，包括卡西尔与威廉·施特恩在内的约 50 名学者被解职，至少十名被怀疑与「白玫瑰」有关的学生被捕，其中四人在拘押中死亡或被处决。

• A commemorative plate depicting the foyer of the lecture hall, designed by the sculptor Fritz Fleer, was produced in 1971 in memory of those students.1971 年，雕塑家弗里茨·弗莱尔设计了一块描绘讲堂门厅的纪念铜牌，以纪念这些学生。

• The university reopened in the winter of 1945, and in the first postwar semester of 1945/46 it enrolled 2,872 students, of whom 952 studied medicine and 812 law and political science.大学于 1945 年冬季重新开学，在 1945 至 1946 年战后首个学期招收了 2,872 名学生，其中 952 人学医、812 人攻读法学与政治学。

• The first student association of the postwar period was elected in 1946 under British supervision and became the foundation of the General Students' Committee, AStA, in 1947.战后首个学生联合会于 1946 年在英国当局监督下选举产生，并于 1947 年成为全校学生委员会 AStA 的基础。

• In 1954 the School of Protestant Theology was added and the School of Law separated from the School of Economic and Social Sciences.1954 年学校增设新教神学院，法学院则从经济与社会科学学院中独立出来。

• Growth brought heavy construction in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when the Auditorium and the Philosopher's Tower were built near Von-Melle-Park and the Botanical Institute and Garden were moved to Flottbek.学校的扩张带来了二十世纪五十年代末至六十年代初的大规模建设，讲堂与「哲学家塔楼」在冯-梅勒公园旁落成，植物研究所与植物园则迁往弗洛特贝克。

• Student numbers rose from 12,600 in 1960 to 19,200 in 1970.学生人数从 1960 年的 12,600 人增至 1970 年的 19,200 人。

• The student protests of 1968 led to a structural reform in which the faculties were dissolved in favour of more interdisciplinary departments and the office of Rektor was replaced by a university president, though parts of the reform were rescinded in 1979 under the Hamburg Higher Education Act.1968 年的学生抗议促成结构改革，原有的学院被解散、代之以更具跨学科性的系，校长职衔也由「Rektor」改为大学「校长」，但其中部分改革在 1979 年的汉堡高等教育法中被撤销。

• The main campus in Rotherbaum was completed in the 1970s with buildings such as the Geomatikum and the Wiwi-Bunker, and two further buildings opened beside the Main Building in 1998 and 2002 to revitalise the Moorweide area.罗特鲍姆主校区在二十世纪七十年代以地质数学楼与「Wiwi 掩体楼」等建筑进一步完善，1998 年与 2002 年又在主楼旁新建两座楼，使莫尔魏德一带重新焕发生机。

• In 2005 the Hamburg University of Economy and Politics was merged into the university by a political act opposed by both institutions, whose 17 departments were combined into six faculties, and tuition fees introduced in 2006 were abolished again in 2012.2005 年，在两校一致反对的情况下，汉堡经济与政治大学依政治决定并入汉堡大学，其 17 个系被重组为六个学院；2006 年引入的学费则于 2012 年再度取消。

• In July 2019 the university was inducted into the German Excellence Strategy with four clusters of excellence and was named one of eleven Universities of Excellence for its flagship concept.2019 年 7 月，该校以四个卓越集群入选德国卓越战略，并凭借其旗舰型大学理念被列为十一所「精英大学」之一。

Academics

• The university's teaching is organised into faculties of law, business administration, economics and social sciences, medicine, education with psychology and human movement, the humanities, and mathematics, computer science and natural sciences.该校的教学组织为法学院、工商管理学院、经济学与社会科学学院、医学院、教育心理学与人体运动学院、人文学院，以及数学计算机科学与自然科学学院。

• The Faculty of Humanities contains the Asia-Africa Institute and departments of theology, history, cultural history and contemporary culture, philosophy and language, literature and media.人文学院下设亚非研究所，以及神学、历史学、文化史与当代文化、哲学，以及语言文学与媒体等系。

• The Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences comprises the departments of biology, chemistry, geosciences, computer science, mathematics and physics, together with the Center for Bioinformatics and the Center for Forest Products.数学计算机科学与自然科学学院由生物学、化学、地球科学、计算机科学、数学与物理等系组成，并设有生物信息学中心与林产品中心。

• The university has 42,819 students, offers 149 majors taught by almost 700 professors and employs more than 3,600 academic staff and over 7,000 administrative and technical staff.该校有 42,819 名学生、开设 149 个专业，由近 700 名教授授课，并聘有 3,600 余名学术人员与 7,000 余名行政及技术人员。

• Almost 5,500 doctoral candidates are enrolled and about 10,000 first-year students matriculate each year.在校博士生近 5,500 人，每年约有 10,000 名新生入学。

• The university supports seven Collaborative Research Centres sponsored by the German Research Foundation.该校支持七个由德国研究联合会资助的协同研究中心。

• Since its induction into the Excellence Strategy in 2019 the university has carried four clusters of excellence, in which its research profile is concentrated.自 2019 年入选卓越战略以来，该校拥有四个卓越集群，其研究特色即集中于这些领域。

• The State and University Library Carl von Ossietzky, established in 1479, holds over five million volumes, is the largest academic library in the Hamburg metropolitan area and serves as a legal deposit library for the city-state, with medieval manuscripts among its special collections.卡尔·冯·奥西茨基州立与大学图书馆始建于 1479 年，藏书逾 500 万册，是汉堡都会区最大的学术图书馆，并作为该州的呈缴本图书馆，特藏中包含中世纪手稿。

• The university oversees three museums, among them the Mineralogical Museum and the Museum of Geology and Palaeontology, all of them on the central campus.该校管理三座博物馆，其中包括矿物学博物馆与地质古生物博物馆，均位于主校区。

• Among the institutions associated with the university are the Hans-Bredow-Institut for media research, the Leibniz Institute of Virology, the Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and the Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law.与该校相关的机构包括汉斯-布雷多媒体研究所、莱布尼茨病毒学研究所、伯恩哈德·诺赫特热带医学研究所、马克斯·普朗克气象研究所，以及马克斯·普朗克比较法与国际私法研究所。

• The German Climate Computing Centre, the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, the Hamburg Observatory and the Confucius Institute Hamburg are among other affiliated institutions.其他附属机构还包括德国气候计算中心、阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳极地与海洋研究所、汉堡天文台，以及汉堡孔子学院。

• The German Electron Synchrotron DESY was established at Bahrenfeld in 1959 on the initiative of the physics professor Wolfgang Paul and others, and its accelerators such as DORIS, PETRA and HERA made Hamburg a centre of high-energy physics.德国电子加速器 DESY 于 1959 年在巴伦费尔德由物理学教授沃尔夫冈·保罗等人倡议建立，其 DORIS、PETRA 与 HERA 等加速器使汉堡成为高能物理重镇。

• The university is a founding member of the China-EU School of Law at the China University of Political Science and Law in Beijing, a consortium of 16 institutions offering mid-career training and master's and joint doctoral degrees in China-EU law.该校是中国政法大学中欧法学院的创始成员之一，该学院由 16 所院校联合举办，在北京提供中欧法律方向的在职培训、硕士学位与联合博士培养。

• The university's Asia-Africa Institute continues a tradition of Asian studies that began when Otto Franke held the first chair of Sinology at Hamburg.该校的亚非研究所延续了始于奥托·弗兰克在汉堡设立首个汉学教席的亚洲研究传统。

• The university is funded by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg and had a budget of about 700 million euros.该校由自由汉萨市汉堡资助，预算约为 7 亿欧元。

Campus

• The University of Hamburg is made up of more than 180 properties scattered throughout the city, and its Main Building stands on the Moorweide opposite Hamburg Dammtor station, not far from the main campus at Von-Melle-Park.汉堡大学拥有 180 多处房产散布全城，其主楼位于莫尔魏德、正对汉堡达姆托尔火车站，距冯-梅勒公园主校区不远。

• The State and University Library, the Audimax auditorium, the university archive and several teaching buildings stand in that area, while a second cluster of buildings is grouped around Martin Luther King Square and the Geomatikum marks the western end of the campus near Schlump metro station.州立与大学图书馆、大讲堂「Audimax」、大学档案馆与若干教学楼都位于这一带；第二组建筑则围绕马丁·路德·金广场分布，地质数学楼标志着校园西端、临近施伦普地铁站。

• Physics is spread over branches at Jungiusstraße, at Bergedorf with the Hamburg Observatory, and at Bahrenfeld with DESY and other large facilities.物理学分散于容吉乌斯街、贝格多夫（连同汉堡天文台）以及巴伦费尔德（连同 DESY 等大型设施）等多个分部。

• Biology has sites in Flottbek, where the Botanical Garden was relocated, and computer science moved to Stellingen in 1991.生物学在弗洛特贝克设有场所，植物园也迁往此处；计算机科学则于 1991 年迁至施泰林根。

• The Medical School is located at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, the largest hospital in the city.医学院设于汉堡-埃彭多夫大学医院，这是该市规模最大的医院。

• The Auditorium and the Philosopher's Tower, both built near Von-Melle-Park in the late 1950s and early 1960s, remain among the best-known buildings of the campus.讲堂与「哲学家塔楼」均建于二十世纪五十年代末至六十年代初、位于冯-梅勒公园附近，至今仍是校园中最知名的建筑之一。

• Two buildings opened beside the Main Building in 1998 and 2002 revitalised the Moorweide area and provided extra space for the humanities and administration.1998 年与 2002 年在主楼旁启用的两座建筑使莫尔魏德一带重获活力，为人文学科与行政部门提供了额外空间。

• The Hamburg Observatory, affiliated with the university, and the German Climate Computing Centre stand within the city-state as part of the wider research landscape.隶属于该校的汉堡天文台与德国气候计算中心也位于汉堡州境内，构成更广阔的研究版图。

• Several student canteens serve the campus, including the Mensa Philturm in the Philosopher's Tower, a modern canteen with 300 seats.校园内设有若干学生食堂，其中包括位于「哲学家塔楼」、拥有 300 个座位的现代食堂 Mensa Philturm。

• The scattered layout reflects the university's growth after 1968, when the original campus proved too small and new buildings were raised in many parts of the city.这种分散布局映照出该校 1968 年之后的扩张，当时原有校园不敷使用，新建建筑于是在城市各处拔地而起。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Hamburg is placed 209th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，汉堡大学位列世界第 209 位。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it joint 129th in the world.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列为世界并列第 129 位。

• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 ranks it 146th in the world and among the leading universities in Germany.2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将其列为世界第 146 位，位居德国高校前列。

• In the Academic Ranking of World Universities of 2026 it stands in the 201 to 300 band.在 2026 年世界大学学术排名中，该校位于 201 至 300 区间。

• Seven Nobel laureates and one Wolf Prize winner are affiliated with the university, among them the physicists Otto Stern, Wolfgang Pauli, Wolfgang Paul and Klaus Hasselmann.与该校相关的有七位诺贝尔奖得主与一位沃尔夫奖得主，其中包括物理学家奥托·施特恩、沃尔夫冈·泡利、沃尔夫冈·保罗与克劳斯·哈塞尔曼。

• The OpenAlex database attributes 140,787 works to the university with 12,806,880 citations.OpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 140,787 篇成果、被引 12,806,880 次。

• Since 2019 the university has been one of eleven German Universities of Excellence, holding four clusters of excellence in the federal and state Excellence Strategy.自 2019 年起，该校是德国十一所「精英大学」之一，在联邦与各州的卓越战略中拥有四个卓越集群。

• Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy the university ranked 15th in 2019, and it placed 6th in Germany and 186th worldwide in the CWTS Leiden Ranking of 2020.以德国经济界高层管理者的数量衡量，该校 2019 年排名第 15；在 2020 年 CWTS 莱顿排名中位列德国第 6、世界第 186。

• The close partnership with DESY has kept Hamburg among the world's leading centres in theoretical physics, experimental high-energy physics, astronomy and laser science.与 DESY 的紧密合作使汉堡长期位居理论物理、实验高能物理、天文学与激光科学的世界领先中心之列。

Student life

• The motto of the university is the German phrase Der Forschung, der Lehre, der Bildung, meaning for research, for teaching, for education.该校校训为德语「Der Forschung，der Lehre，der Bildung」，意为「为研究、为教学、为教育」。

• The General Students' Committee, AStA, is the central body of student representation at the university, continuing a tradition that began with the student association elected in 1946.全校学生委员会 AStA 是该校学生代表的核心机构，延续了 1946 年选举产生学生联合会以来的传统。

• The Studierendenwerk Hamburg supports students with services covering financial aid and BAföG, housing, social and cultural matters, and food.汉堡学生服务处为学生提供涵盖助学金与 BAföG、住宿、社会与文化事务以及餐饮的服务。

• University Sports offers a wide range of activities from fencing and football to Argentinian tango and yoga, with indoor and outdoor courses, a gym and sports trips.大学体育部提供从击剑、足球到阿根廷探戈与瑜伽的丰富活动，并设有室内外课程、健身房与体育出游。

• The University Players, the university's student theatre group, stage productions each year as part of the extracurricular programme.作为学生剧团，大学剧社「University Players」每年在上课外活动项目中上演剧目。

• The PIASTA programme welcomes international students with a welcome week, campus tours and a buddy scheme that pairs newcomers with local students.PIASTA 项目通过迎新周、校园导览与结对互助计划欢迎国际学生，为他们安排本地学生作伴。

• The commemorative plate designed by Fritz Fleer in 1971 keeps alive the memory of the Hamburg students who suffered for their links to the White Rose resistance.1971 年由弗里茨·弗莱尔设计的纪念铜牌，使人们始终铭记那些因与「白玫瑰」抵抗运动有关而受难的汉堡学生。

• The Mensa Philturm in the Philosopher's Tower offers breakfast and Levantine food with a large choice of vegetarian and vegan dishes for students.位于「哲学家塔楼」的 Mensa Philturm 为学生供应早餐与黎凡特风味餐食，并提供大量素食与纯素选择。

• Students live in a city that is Germany's second-largest and a great port, so the university's daily life is interwoven with the harbour, the Alster and the Dammtor railway hub.学生们生活在德国第二大城市、也是重要港口的汉堡，因此大学的日常与港口、阿尔斯特湖及达姆托尔铁路枢纽约织在一起。

Notable people

• Werner von Melle, a senator and later mayor of Hamburg, worked for years to merge the city's scattered learned institutions into a single university and became one of its founding statesmen.参议员、后任汉堡市长的维尔纳·冯·梅勒多年致力于把该市分散的学术机构合并为一所大学，是主要的创校政治家之一。

• Rudolf Ross, a reformer of Hamburg's school system, co-sponsored with von Melle the 1919 law that established both the university and its adult high school.汉堡学制的改革者鲁道夫·罗斯与冯·梅勒共同推动了 1919 年的法律，据此同时设立了大学与成人高中。

• Ernst Cassirer, the neo-Kantian philosopher, taught at Hamburg from 1919 to 1933 and became principal in 1929, one of the first Jewish scholars to head a German university.新康德主义哲学家恩斯特·卡西尔自 1919 至 1933 年在汉堡任教，并于 1929 年出任校长，是首批领导德国大学的犹太学者之一。

• Otto Stern, a professor at Hamburg, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1943 for his work on molecular beams.汉堡大学教授奥托·施特恩因分子束研究于 1943 年获诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Wolfgang Pauli, who gave his name to the exclusion principle, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1945 and was a professor at Hamburg.以「泡利不相容原理」留名的沃尔夫冈·泡利 1945 年获诺贝尔物理学奖，并曾任汉堡大学教授。

• Wolfgang Paul, a professor at Hamburg and a founder of the DESY laboratory, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1989.汉堡大学教授、德国电子加速器 DESY 创办者之一沃尔夫冈·保罗于 1989 年获诺贝尔物理学奖。

• Hans Adolf Krebs, who described the citric acid cycle, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1953 as an alumnus of the university.阐明柠檬酸循环的汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯作为该校校友，于 1953 年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• Harald zur Hausen received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008 for linking papillomaviruses to cervical cancer and was an alumnus of Hamburg.发现乳头瘤病毒与宫颈癌关联的哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森是汉堡校友，于 2008 年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

• Klaus Hasselmann, an oceanographer and climate modeller, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2021 and is associated with the university as alumnus and professor.海洋学家与气候模型专家克劳斯·哈塞尔曼于 2021 年获诺贝尔物理学奖，并以校友与教授身份与该校结缘。

• Shiing-Shen Chern, the differential geometer, received the Wolf Prize in Mathematics in 1984 and was an alumnus of the university.微分几何学家陈省身 1984 年获沃尔夫数学奖，是该校校友。

• Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982, graduated from the university, as did Olaf Scholz, Chancellor of Germany since 2021.1974 至 1982 年任西德总理的赫尔穆特·施密特毕业于该校，自 2021 年起任德国总理的奥拉夫·朔尔茨也是该校校友。

• Yu-chien Kuan, a Chinese defector who became a sinologist and writer, taught at the university's Asia-Africa Institute.中国出走者、后成为汉学家与作家的关愚谦曾在汉堡大学亚非研究所任教。