University of Greifswald

The University of Greifswald (German: Universität Greifswald) is a public research university in Greifswald, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, founded on 17 October 1456.格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学（University of Greifswald；德语：Universität Greifswald）是位于德国梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州格赖夫斯瓦尔德的一所公立研究型大学，创办于 1456 年 10 月 17 日。

It is the fourth oldest university in Germany and one of the oldest in Europe, teaching about 10,000 students in 119 study programmes.该校是德国第四古老的大学，也是欧洲最古老的大学之一，开设 119 个专业，在校学生约 10,000 人。

Formerly named after the writer Ernst Moritz Arndt, it dropped that name from its official title in 2018 and today uses the motto "Wissen lockt. Seit 1456" (The draw of knowledge. Since 1456).该校曾以作家恩斯特·莫里茨·阿恩特命名，2018 年从官方校名中去除该名，如今以格言「Wissen lockt. Seit 1456」（知识的吸引，始于 1456 年）自况。

History

• The University of Greifswald was founded on 17 October 1456 with the approval of the Holy Roman Empire and the Pope.格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学于 1456 年 10 月 17 日经神圣罗马帝国与教皇批准创办。
• Its founding was driven by Greifswald's lord mayor Heinrich Rubenow, who became the university's first rector, with the support of Duke Wartislaw IX of Pomerania and Bishop Henning Iven.其创办得益于格赖夫斯瓦尔德市长海因里希·鲁贝诺（Heinrich Rubenow）的推动，他成为该校首任校长，并获得波美拉尼亚公爵瓦尔蒂斯瓦夫九世与主教亨宁·伊文（Henning Iven）的支持。
• The foundation was made possible by a decree restricting teaching at the University of Rostock, founded in 1419, prompting several Rostock professors to move to Greifswald.其创立得益于一项限制 1419 年创办的罗斯托克大学授课的敕令，这促使若干罗斯托克教授迁往格赖夫斯瓦尔德。
• In the late Middle Ages Greifswald was one of the most important centres of science in the Duchy of Pomerania, and no other Pomeranian school then held university status.在中世纪晚期，格赖夫斯瓦尔德是波美拉尼亚公国最重要的科学中心之一，当时波美拉尼亚其他学校都不具备大学地位。
• From 1456 until 1526, 476 Scandinavians enrolled at Greifswald, and 22 faculty members and six rectors came from Scandinavia, a high share for the time.1456 年至 1526 年间，共有 476 名北欧人在格赖夫斯瓦尔德注册就读，并有 22 名教师与 6 位校长来自北欧，在当时比例颇高。
• The Protestant Reformation was introduced at the university in 1539, and the alumnus Johannes Bugenhagen became an important figure of the German and Scandinavian Reformation.新教宗教改革于 1539 年引入该校，其校友约翰内斯·布根哈根（Johannes Bugenhagen）成为德意志与北欧宗教改革的重要人物。
• In 1604 the Greifswald University Library became the first centralised university library in Germany, funded by a contract with a Wittenberg book printer worth 2,000 Gulden.1604 年，格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学图书馆成为德国第一所集中式大学图书馆，其经费来自与维滕贝格一家印刷商价值 2,000 古尔登的合同。
• After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Greifswald and its university became part of Swedish Pomerania, and from 1806 to 1815 the town was formally part of Sweden.1648 年《威斯特伐利亚和约》之后，格赖夫斯瓦尔德及其大学成为瑞典波美拉尼亚的一部分，1806 年至 1815 年间该城在形式上属于瑞典。
• More than 1,500 Swedes studied at Greifswald, especially in the second half of the eighteenth century, when it served as a cultural and scientific bridge between Germany and Sweden.有逾 1,500 名瑞典人曾在该校就读，尤其在 18 世纪下半叶，该校成为德瑞之间的文化与科学桥梁。
• The main administrative building, still in use today, was constructed between 1747 and 1750 by the mathematician Andreas Mayer in the style of North German Baroque.至今仍在使用的行政主楼由数学家安德烈亚斯·迈尔（Andreas Mayer）于 1747 至 1750 年间以北德巴洛克风格建造。
• The first university course taught in the English language in Germany was held in Greifswald in 1777.德国第一门以英语授课的大学课程于 1777 年在格赖夫斯瓦尔德开设。
• When Swedish Pomerania became part of the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815, the University of Greifswald became the oldest university on Prussian territory.1815 年瑞典波美拉尼亚并入普鲁士王国后，格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学成为普鲁士领土上最古老的大学。
• In 1856, on the 400th anniversary of its founding, a monument was unveiled in the presence of King Frederick William IV of Prussia and still stands in its place.1856 年建校 400 周年之际，一座纪念碑在普鲁士国王腓特烈·威廉四世莅临下揭幕，至今仍立于原址。
• The Department of History was founded in 1863 as the first in Prussia and the fourth in all of Germany.历史系于 1863 年设立，是普鲁士的第一个、全德国的第四个历史系。
• The Faculty of Law became the Faculty of Law and Economics in 1905 when an economics department was introduced.1905 年，法学部因增设经济学系而更名为法学与经济学部。
• In 1912 Otto Jaekel, a professor of palaeontology at Greifswald, founded the German Palaeontological Society.1912 年，该校古生物学教授奥托·耶克尔（Otto Jaekel）创立了德国古生物学会。
• In 1933 the university was named after Ernst Moritz Arndt, a former theology student of 1791 who later taught history at Greifswald, on a proposal by a Nazi Party professor.1933 年，在一名纳粹党教授的建议下，该校以 1791 年曾攻读神学、其后在格赖夫斯瓦尔德讲授历史的恩斯特·莫里茨·阿恩特命名。
• All academic activities halted towards the end of the Second World War, and the university reopened on 15 February 1946, with the Arndt name removed and later restored in 1954.二战末期该校一切学术活动中止，1946 年 2 月 15 日复校，其间阿恩特之名一度被取消，并于 1954 年恢复。
• In 1990 the dinosaur Emausaurus was named after the acronym of the university, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald.1990 年，恐龙「埃毛龙」（Emausaurus）以该校缩写名「Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald」命名。
• Beginning in 1999 Greifswald was among the first universities in Germany to introduce the Bachelor and Master degree system of the Bologna declaration.自 1999 年起，格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学是德国首批引入博洛尼亚宣言学士与硕士学制的大学之一。
• In 2006 the university celebrated its 550th anniversary, with a central ceremony on 17 October 2006 attended by President Horst Köhler of Germany and Queen Silvia of Sweden.2006 年，该校庆祝建校 550 周年，并于 2006 年 10 月 17 日举行中央庆典，德国总统霍斯特·克勒与瑞典王后西尔维娅出席。
• Between 1991 and 2007 more than 417 million euros were spent on renovating historic buildings and constructing new sites, including a new natural-science campus.1991 年至 2007 年间，该校投入逾 4.17 亿欧元用于翻修历史建筑与建设新校区，其中包括一座新的自然科学园区。
• In January 2017 the Senate voted to remove the name of Ernst Moritz Arndt from the official name of the university, and as of June 2018 that name was no longer in use.2017 年 1 月，校务委员会表决同意从官方校名中去除恩斯特·莫里茨·阿恩特之名，至 2018 年 6 月该名已不再使用。

Academics

• The university has five faculties: Arts and Humanities, Law and Economics, University Medicine, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Theology.该校设有五个学部：人文与艺术、法学与经济学、大学医学、数学与自然科学，以及神学。
• The Faculty of Arts and Humanities covers sacred music and musicology, fine art, German philology, history, modern languages, philosophy, political and communication science, and education.人文与艺术学部涵盖宗教音乐与音乐学、美术、日耳曼语文学、历史、现代语言、哲学、政治与传播学以及教育学。
• Because of an education reform in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in 2013, law can only be taught at Greifswald, and the law faculty in Rostock had to close.由于梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚 2013 年的教育改革，法学仅在格赖夫斯瓦尔德开设，罗斯托克的法学院因此关闭。
• Law and Economics offers undergraduate courses in business administration, law and management, and master's courses such as health care management.法学与经济学部开设工商管理、法律与管理等本科课程，以及医疗管理等硕士课程。
• The Medical Faculty at Greifswald is among the best-ranked in Germany and has among the highest admission requirements, offering human medicine and dentistry.格赖夫斯瓦尔德的医学部在德国排名居前，录取要求也属最高之列，开设临床医学与牙医学专业。
• The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences teaches biology, chemistry, biochemistry, geography, geology, mathematics, IT, pharmacy, psychology and physics.数学与自然科学学部教授生物学、化学、生物化学、地理学、地质学、数学、信息技术、药学、心理学与物理学。
• Its physics department, with the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics and the Leibniz Institute of Plasma Research and Technology, works on the Wendelstein 7-X fusion experiment.其物理系与马克斯·普朗克等离子体物理研究所、莱布尼茨等离子体研究与技术研究所合作，参与「Wendelstein 7-X」核聚变实验。
• Since 2007 the Department of Physics has run the MuSTAnG space telescope, part of a worldwide network of muon telescopes forecasting solar activity.自 2007 年起，物理系运行「MuSTAnG」空间望远镜，它是以预测太阳活动为目的的全球缪子望远镜网络的一部分。
• Greifswald offers two multidisciplinary approaches to environmental studies, landscape ecology and environmental sciences, bringing together biology, geography, economics, law and ethics.格赖夫斯瓦尔德提供「景观生态学」与「环境科学」两大多学科环境研究方向，汇聚生物学、地理学、经济学、法学与伦理学。
• Its pharmacy and biotechnology departments rank in the top group in Germany.其药学与生物技术系位居德国前列。
• The Friedrich Loeffler Institute, the national animal-disease research centre on Riems Island, cooperates with the university and is named after a former staff member.位于里姆斯岛的国家动物疫病研究中心「弗里德里希·洛夫勒研究所」与该校合作，该所以其一位前教职员命名。
• The university owns a field station on the German island of Hiddensee for teaching and field research.该校在德国希登塞岛上拥有一处野外站，用于教学与野外研究。
• It offers 119 study programmes and teaches about 10,000 students, with small learning groups and close links between research and teaching.该校开设 119 个专业，培养约 10,000 名学生，以小班教学与科研教学紧密结合著称。
• Of its 10,179 students, about two-thirds come from outside Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and international students come from 90 countries.在其 10,179 名学生中，约三分之二来自梅克伦堡-前波美拉尼亚州以外，国际学生来自 90 个国家。
• The university library traces its roots to 1456, and the two main libraries are the Central University Library at Beitzplatz and the Departmental Library on Loefflerstraße.该大学图书馆的历史可追溯至 1456 年，两座主要图书馆分别是位于贝茨广场的中央大学图书馆与勒夫勒街的分馆图书馆。
• The university owns one of only four remaining 36-line Gutenberg Bibles from 1458 and the Croy Tapestry of 1554, which depicts the Reformation.该校藏有现存仅四部的 1458 年 36 行古腾堡圣经之一，以及描绘宗教改革的 1554 年克罗伊挂毯。
• It runs the Greifswald Botanic Garden and maintains numerous named collections, from anatomy and coins to a zoological museum.该校运营格赖夫斯瓦尔德植物园，并保有众多具名典藏，从解剖学、钱币到动物学博物馆。
• Its research partners include the Alfried Krupp Institute for Advanced Study, the Biotechnikum Greifswald, the Friedrich Loeffler Institute on Riems Island, the Leibniz Institute of Plasma Research and Technology and the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics.其科研伙伴包括阿尔弗里德·克虏伯高等研究院、格赖夫斯瓦尔德生物技术中心、里姆斯岛的弗里德里希·洛夫勒研究所、莱布尼茨等离子体研究与技术研究所以及马克斯·普朗克等离子体物理研究所。这些机构与该校在等离子体物理、动物疫病、生物技术与中世纪研究等方向长期合作，共同构成波罗的海地区重要的科研网络。

Campus

• The buildings of the arts and humanities, law, business studies and theology are scattered about the historic centre of Greifswald.人文与艺术、法学、商学以及神学的教学楼散布于格赖夫斯瓦尔德历史悠久的市中心。
• The main administrative building, built between 1747 and 1750 by Andreas Mayer, remains the ceremonial centre of the university.由安德烈亚斯·迈尔于 1747 至 1750 年间建造的行政主楼，至今仍是该校的礼仪中心。
• The Central University Library stands on the Beitzplatz Campus, while the Departmental Library serves the Loefflerstraße Campus.中央大学图书馆位于贝茨广场校区，而分馆图书馆服务于勒夫勒街校区。
• Under construction in the eastern part of the city is a new campus for natural sciences, medicine, IT and mathematics.该市东部正在建设一座面向自然科学、医学、信息技术与数学的新校区。
• The university hospital, completed in 2009, was designed as the most up-to-date full-scale hospital in Germany at the time.该校大学医院于 2009 年落成，当时被设计为德国最现代化的综合性医院。
• Historic 19th and early 20th-century hospital buildings were transferred to house law, economics, the humanities and social sciences, creating an old-town campus.历史悠久的 19 世纪与 20 世纪初医院建筑被改用于法学、经济学、人文与社会科学，形成一座老城校区。
• Greifswald lies about 200 km north of Berlin and 100 km east of Rostock, near the islands of Rügen and Usedom, with rail and autobahn links.格赖夫斯瓦尔德位于柏林以北约 200 公里、罗斯托克以东约 100 公里，邻近吕根岛与乌瑟多姆岛，并有铁路与高速公路连接。

Reputation

• In the 2027 QS World University Rankings the University of Greifswald is placed in the 1001-1200 band globally, a tied range for this cycle.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学位列全球第 1001-1200 位区间（并列区间）。
• It ranked in the 501-550 band in the 2027 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.该校在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中位列 501-550 位区间。
• It was placed 821st in the 2026-2027 U.S. News Best Global Universities ranking.该校在 2026-2027 年度《美国新闻》全球最佳大学排名中位列第 821 位。
• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities it was placed in the 701-800 band.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，该校位于 701-800 位区间。
• In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings of 2024 the university stood at 401-500th globally and 37-41st within Germany.在 2024 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中，该校位居全球第 401-500 位、德国第 37-41 位。
• OpenAlex records 47,002 scholarly works by Greifswald-affiliated authors with 3,819,025 cumulative citations, a strong output for a small university.OpenAlex 收录该校作者学术成果 47,002 篇，累计被引 3,819,025 次，对一所小型大学而言产出强劲。
• Two Nobel laureates, Johannes Stark and Gerhard Domagk, have studied or worked at the university.两位诺贝尔奖得主约翰内斯·斯塔克与格哈德·多马克曾在该校学习或工作。
• Its research emphasis lies in plasma physics, landscape ecology, medicine, biotechnology, the Middle Ages, and the languages and cultures of the Baltic Sea region.其科研重点在于等离子体物理、景观生态学、医学、生物技术、中世纪研究，以及波罗的海地区的语言与文化。
• In the 2009 Die Zeit university ranking it placed high nationally in subjects including biology, medicine, pharmacy, psychology, dentistry and business administration.在 2009 年《时代周报》大学排名中，该校在生物学、医学、药学、心理学、牙医学与工商管理等学科位居全国前列。
• Its Medical Faculty is among the best-ranked in Germany, and its admission requirements are among the highest in the country.其医学部在德国排名居前，录取要求也属全国最高之列。
• As a more than 550-year-old institution, it is the fourth oldest university in Germany and one of the oldest in continuous operation in Europe, with two Nobel laureates among those associated with it.作为一所拥有 550 余年历史的学府，它是德国第四古老的大学，也是欧洲持续办学最久的大学之一，并有两位诺贝尔奖得主与之相关。

Student life

• The university's motto is "Wissen lockt. Seit 1456" (The draw of knowledge. Since 1456), used across its modern branding.该校校训为「Wissen lockt. Seit 1456」（知识的吸引，始于 1456 年），贯穿其现代形象标识。
• Student-run, not-for-profit clubs such as Mensaclub, Geographenkeller, Geologenkeller, Club 9 and Kiste are popular and inexpensive venues for students.Mensaclub、Geographenkeller、Geologenkeller、Club 9 与 Kiste 等学生运营的非营利社团，是学生常去且花费低廉的聚会场所。
• Sailing is central to student life, with the Studentischer Regattaverein founded in 2007 and the older Akademischer Seglerverein, the oldest sailing club in Greifswald.帆船运动是学生生活的重要内容，设有 2007 年创立的学生赛艇协会，以及更古老、为格赖夫斯瓦尔德最早的学术帆船协会。
• The annual Greifswalder Bachwoche festival and the Nordischer Klang festival of Nordic culture are supported by students and staff.一年一度的「格赖夫斯瓦尔德巴赫周」与展示北欧文化的「Nordischer Klang」音乐节都得到学生与教职工的支持。
• PolenmARkT, a German-Polish festival created in 1997, takes place every November and connects Germany and Poland through culture.「PolenmARkT」德波文化节创办于 1997 年，每年 11 月举行，以文化连接德国与波兰。
• The monthly student magazine moritz-Magazin, the student-run radio98eins and the moritzTV television channel provide student media outlets.月刊学生杂志「moritz-Magazin」、学生运营的电台「radio98eins」与电视台 moritzTV 构成校内的学生媒体。
• GrIStuF, the Greifswald International Students Festival, brings students from around the world together each summer.「格赖夫斯瓦尔德国际学生节」（GrIStuF）每年夏季汇聚来自世界各地的学生。
• According to a 2009 study, 44 per cent of people in Greifswald used a bicycle for daily transport, the highest rate in Germany, reflecting the city's student culture.据 2009 年一项研究，格赖夫斯瓦尔德 44% 的市民以自行车作为日常交通方式，为德国最高比例，折射出这座城市的骑行之风与学生文化。

Notable people

• Heinrich Rubenow, the lord mayor of Greifswald, drove the university's foundation in 1456 and became its first rector.格赖夫斯瓦尔德市长海因里希·鲁贝诺推动了 1456 年的建校，并成为该校首任校长。
• Johannes Bugenhagen, an alumnus and friend of Martin Luther, introduced the Reformation across much of northern Germany and Scandinavia.约翰内斯·布根哈根是该校校友、马丁·路德的挚友，把宗教改革引入北德意志与北欧的大部分地区。
• Ernst Moritz Arndt, a student of theology in 1791 and later a history teacher and poet, gave the university the name it carried from 1933 to 2018.恩斯特·莫里茨·阿恩特 1791 年在此攻读神学，后在此讲授历史并成为诗人，其名曾是该校 1933 至 2018 年间的校名。
• Otto von Bismarck, chancellor of the German Empire from 1871 to 1890, studied at the agricultural college associated with Greifswald.1871 年至 1890 年的德意志帝国宰相奥托·冯·俾斯麦，曾在与格赖夫斯瓦尔德相关的农学院就读。
• Bernhard von Bülow, chancellor of the German Empire from 1900 to 1909, also had a connection with the university.1900 年至 1909 年的德意志帝国宰相伯恩哈德·冯·比洛，也与该校有着渊源。
• Johannes Stark received the 1919 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields.约翰内斯·斯塔克因发现极隧射线中的多普勒效应与电场中谱线的分裂，获得 1919 年诺贝尔物理学奖。
• Gerhard Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil.格哈德·多马克因发现百浪多息的抗菌作用，获得 1939 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Carl Schmitt, one of the most influential political theorists of the twentieth century, was a member of the university's staff.20 世纪最具影响力的政治理论家之一卡尔·施米特，曾是该校的教职员。
• Ferdinand Sauerbruch and Theodor Billroth, both pioneering surgeons, made important contributions to medical science at Greifswald.费迪南德·绍尔布鲁赫与特奥多尔·比尔罗特两位外科先驱，都在格赖夫斯瓦尔德为医学科学作出重要贡献。
• Friedrich Loeffler, a bacteriologist and former staff member, is honoured by the Friedrich Loeffler Institute named after him.细菌学家、该校前教职员弗里德里希·洛夫勒，因以他命名的弗里德里希·洛夫勒研究所而留名。
• Ernst W. Mayr, one of the most influential evolutionary biologists of the twentieth century, studied at the University of Greifswald.20 世纪最具影响力的演化生物学家之一恩斯特·迈尔（Ernst W. Mayr）曾在格赖夫斯瓦尔德大学就读。
• Gustav Mie, a former professor of physics, gives his name to Mie scattering, a widely used theory of light scattering.该校前物理学教授古斯塔夫·米（Gustav Mie）以其名命名了广泛应用的散射理论「米氏散射」。
• Jacques Delors, former president of the European Commission, and Hannelore Kohl received honorary doctorates from the university.欧盟委员会前主席雅克·德洛尔与汉内洛蕾·科尔，曾获该校授予的名誉博士学位。
• Thomas Thorild, a Swedish poet, spent parts of his life in Greifswald during the university's Swedish period.瑞典诗人托马斯·托里尔德（Thomas Thorild）在该校的瑞典时期曾在格赖夫斯瓦尔德生活。
• Bernhard Windscheid, one of the fathers of modern German civil law, and Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, a leading classical philologist, were both associated with the university, as was the jurist David Mevius in the seventeenth century.现代德国民法奠基人之一伯恩哈德·温沙伊德与著名古典语文学家乌尔里希·冯·维拉莫维茨-默伦多夫，都与该校有着渊源；17 世纪法学家大卫·梅维乌斯亦是该校相关人物。这些学者使格赖夫斯瓦尔德在法学与古典学领域长期享有声誉。