University of Graz

University of Graz (German: Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz) is the largest public research university in the Austrian state of Styria and the second-oldest university in Austria, founded on 1 January 1585.格拉茨大学（德文原名 Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz）是奥地利施泰尔马克州最大的公立研究型大学，也是奥地利第二古老的大学，创立于1585年1月1日。

It was founded by Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria and re-established by Emperor Francis I in 1827, and its Faculty of Medicine became the separate Medical University of Graz on 1 January 2004.该校由内奥地利大公卡尔二世创办，1827年由皇帝弗朗茨一世重建；其医学院于2004年1月1日独立为格拉茨医科大学。

With about 30,000 students and 4,799 staff as of 2025 and joint 696th place in the QS World University Rankings 2027, it is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Utrecht Network and the Arqus European University Alliance.该校2025年约有30000名学生与4799名员工，在2027年QS世界大学排名中并列第696名，是科英布拉集团、乌得勒支网络与 Arqus 欧洲大学联盟成员。

History

• During the Reformation, numerous citizens and nobles from Styria emigrated to universities in Protestant principalities, so the Catholic rulers planned a Jesuit-led university in Graz to counter the trend.宗教改革时期，施泰尔马克的许多市民与贵族前往新教诸侯的大学求学，因此天主教统治者筹划在格拉茨创办一所由耶稣会主导的大学以抗衡这一趋势。

• The University of Graz was founded on 1 January 1585 by Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria, but the foundation charter, scepter and seal were only presented on 14 April 1586.格拉茨大学由内奥地利大公卡尔二世于1585年1月1日创办，但建校特许状、权杖与印章直到1586年4月14日才正式颁授。

• The charter was presented in the Graz parish church of St Ägidius, today's Graz Cathedral, to the first rector, Father Heinrich Blyssem SJ (1526-1586).特许状在格拉茨圣埃吉迪乌斯堂（今格拉茨主教座堂）颁予首任校长、耶稣会士海因里希·布利塞姆神父（1526至1586年）。

• The sovereign originally planned four faculties but opened only two, Theology to train Catholic clergy and Arts for the liberal arts, the septem artes liberales.创办者原本计划设四个学院，但最初只开设两个：培养天主教神职人员的宗教学院，以及教授自由七艺的文艺学院。

• In 1607 the lecture halls moved to the new building erected by Archduke Ferdinand II at the corner of Hofgasse and Bürgergasse, now known as the Old University.1607年，讲堂迁至费迪南二世大公在霍夫巷与市民巷转角新建的大楼，即今所称的旧大学。

• From 1648 the Styrian estates financed a one-year course in Roman law, while the Jesuits blocked the creation of law and medical faculties for more than 100 years.自1648年起，施泰尔马克三级会议出资开设为期一年的罗马法课程，而耶稣会则阻挠设立法学与医学院长达百余年。

• After the abolition of the Jesuit Order in 1773 the university was taken over by the state, and the Faculty of Law was founded in 1778.1773年耶稣会解散后，该校由国家接管，法学院于1778年成立。

• In 1782 Emperor Joseph II's reforms converted the university into a lyceum, stripping it of most privileges just as medical and surgical training was established in Graz.1782年，约瑟夫二世皇帝的改革将该校降格为学馆，剥夺其大部分特权，同时格拉茨开始设立医学与外科学训练。

• After the University of Innsbruck was re-established in 1826, the Styrian estates petitioned for Graz, and Emperor Francis I re-established the University of Graz in 1827.1826年因斯布鲁克大学重建后，施泰尔马克三级会议要求恢复格拉茨大学，皇帝弗朗茨一世遂于1827年重建该校。

• This double foundation is the origin of the university's old name, Karl-Franzens-Universität, which combines the names of Charles II and Francis I.这一双重创办正是该校旧称 Karl-Franzens-Universität 的来源，该名结合了卡尔二世与弗朗茨一世的名号。

• After many years of effort the Faculty of Medicine became a reality in 1863, turning the institution into a comprehensive university.经过多年争取，医学院于1863年正式成立，该校由此成为一所综合性大学。

• A new university building was approved in 1871, the first building was ready for occupancy in 1872, and the new main building was completed in 1895.新校舍于1871年获批，首座建筑1872年可入驻，新主楼则于1895年落成。

• In 1898 Seraphine Puchleitner became the first woman admitted to study at the University of Graz, and she received her doctorate in geography in 1902.1898年，塞拉菲内·普赫莱特纳成为首位获准在格拉茨大学就读的女性，并于1902年获得地理学博士学位。

• Victor Franz Hess, the discoverer of cosmic rays and later a Nobel laureate, received his doctorate from the University of Graz in 1906.宇宙射线发现者、后来的诺贝尔奖得主维克托·弗朗茨·赫斯，于1906年在格拉茨大学获得博士学位。

• The outbreak of the First World War sharply reduced student numbers and financial resources, and austerity at Austrian universities was to last almost 50 years.第一次世界大战的爆发使该校学生人数与经费大幅缩减，奥地利大学的紧缩状态持续了近五十年。

• Under the Austro-Fascist government from 1933/34, extensive purges removed about a third of the professors, and around one-fifth of students failed compulsory examinations.1933/34学年起在奥地利法西斯政府治下，大规模清洗使约三分之一的教授被解职，约五分之一的学生未能通过强制考试。

• After the Anschluss of 1938, Nobel laureates Otto Loewi, Victor Franz Hess and Erwin Schrödinger were dismissed or expelled from the University of Graz, and student numbers fell from 2,015 in 1937/38 to 1,422 in 1939.1938年奥地利被吞并后，诺贝尔奖得主奥托·吕维、维克托·弗朗茨·赫斯与埃尔温·薛定谔被免职或逐出格拉茨大学，学生人数从1937/38学年的2015人降至1939年的1422人。

• In 1946 only nine of the 79 professors and lecturers at the University of Graz were judged untainted, and by 1947 denazification at Austrian universities had stalled.1946年，格拉茨大学的79名教授与讲师中仅九人被评为无纳粹污点；到1947年，奥地利各大学的去纳粹化已陷于停滞。

• The University Organisation Act of 1975 separated the Faculty of Natural Sciences from the Faculty of Philosophy and gave students and junior staff seats in the Senate.1975年《大学组织法》将自然科学学院从哲学院中分出，并让非教授学术人员、学生与一般职工在评议会中获得席位。

• The University Act of 2002 established the University Council and, as it provided for separate medical universities, the medical faculty became the Medical University of Graz on 1 January 2004.2002年《大学法》设立大学理事会，并规定医学院可独立成校，医学院遂于2004年1月1日成为格拉茨医科大学。

• In 2007 the sixth faculty, Environmental, Regional and Educational Sciences, was established, combining educational sciences with environmental systems sciences, geography and sports.2007年，第六个学院——环境、区域与教育学院成立，将教育科学与环境系统科学、地理学和体育相结合。

Academics

• The University of Graz is divided into six faculties with 71 institutes and 45 centres.格拉茨大学分为六个学院，下设71个研究所与45个中心。

• Its faculties are Catholic Theology, Law, Business, Economics and Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities, Natural Sciences, and Environmental, Regional and Educational Sciences.其六个学院为天主教神学院、法学院、商业经济与社会科学学院、人文学院、自然科学学院，以及环境、区域与教育学院。

• It offers bachelor's, master's and PhD degrees, and in two diploma programmes at the faculties of law and Catholic theology the title Magister or Magistra can be obtained.该校开设学士、硕士与博士学位课程，法学院与天主教神学院的两个文凭课程还可授予 Magister 或 Magistra 学位。

• Courses include 37 German-language bachelor's subjects and one in English, 67 German-language master's subjects plus 24 in English and one in Slovene, and 24 teaching degrees.课程设置包括37个德语授课的本科专业与1个英语专业，67个德语授课的硕士专业及24个英语、1个斯洛文尼亚语专业，另有24个师范专业。

• Doctoral study covers 11 German-language and 7 English-language subjects, and admission tests are required for biology, molecular biology, pharmaceutical sciences, psychology, sports and law.博士阶段含11个德语与7个英语专业；生物学、分子生物学、药学、心理学、体育学与法学等专业需通过入学考试。

• The Uni4Life subsidiary offers continuing education and extraordinary studies in economics, law, education, language and health, with 9 extraordinary master's subjects.其子公司 Uni4Life 提供经济、法律、教育、语言与健康领域的继续教育和特殊课程，设有9个特殊硕士专业。

• In the winter semester of 2024/2025 the university enrolled almost 30,000 students, about 19 per cent of them international.2024/2025学年冬季学期，该校注册学生近30000人，其中约19%为国际学生。

• In 2025 the university employed 3,326 academic and 1,531 non-academic staff, an adjusted total headcount of 4,799.2025年，该校有3326名学术人员与1531名非学术人员，按调整后口径员工总数为4799人。

• In the academic year 2024/2025 the university awarded 1,188 bachelor's degrees, 937 master's degrees and 241 diplomas.2024/2025学年，该校授予1188个学士学位、937个硕士学位与241个文凭。

• Because Graz was the capital of the multiethnic Duchy of Styria, the university became a gateway to South-East Europe, and its Department for Slovene Language and Literature founded Slovene studies.由于格拉茨曾是多民族施泰尔马克公国的首府，该校成为通往东南欧的门户，其斯洛文尼亚语言文学系奠定了斯洛文尼亚学的基础。

• Research focuses on five profile areas: Climate Change, COLIBRI, Dimensions of Europe, Smart Regulation and BioHealth.其研究聚焦五个重点领域：气候变化、COLIBRI、欧洲的多重维度、智慧监管与生物健康。

• Since 2004 NAWI Graz has joined the university with Graz University of Technology, and joint bachelor's and master's degrees are offered in chemistry, molecular biology, earth sciences, mathematics and physics.自2004年起，NAWI Graz 使该校与格拉茨科技大学开展合作，在化学、分子生物学、地球科学、数学与物理学开设联合学士和硕士课程。

• The Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change was founded in 2005 and was incorporated as an institute of the environmental faculty in 2013.韦格纳气候与全球变化中心成立于2005年，并于2013年作为研究所并入环境学院。

• In 2011 the university, the Medical University of Graz and Graz University of Technology launched BioTechMed-Graz, a cooperation in biomedical, technological and medical research.2011年，该校与格拉茨医科大学、格拉茨科技大学共同发起 BioTechMed-Graz，在生物医学、技术与医学研究方面展开合作。

• The university cooperates closely with partners such as the University of Leipzig, the University of Ljubljana, Montclair State University, the University of Waterloo and Nanjing University.该校与莱比锡大学、卢布尔雅那大学、蒙特克莱尔州立大学、滑铁卢大学以及南京大学等伙伴保持紧密合作。

• Together with the Austrian Academy of Sciences the university operates the Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory and participates in the Cori Institute and the Institute for Space Research.该校与奥地利科学院合作运营坎策尔赫厄太阳观测站，并参与科里研究所与空间研究所的工作。

Campus

• The foundation stone of today's university campus was laid in 1871 and construction lasted until 1895, when the new main building opened.今日校园的奠基石于1871年安放，工程持续至1895年新主楼落成。

• Today the campus covers more than 130,000 square metres and is one of the largest green spaces in central Graz.如今校园面积逾13万平方米，是格拉茨市中心最大的绿地之一。

• The university's botanical garden covers about 2.8 hectares, with a greenhouse area of 1,500 square metres, and is home to around 7,500 plant species.该校植物园占地约2.8公顷，温室面积1500平方米，栽培约7500种植物。

• The ReSoWi building to the east of the campus, completed in 1994, houses the faculties of law and social sciences.校园东侧的雷索维楼于1994年落成，容纳法学与社会科学各学院。

• The University Center for Theology (UZT), completed in 2007, houses the institutes of the Catholic Faculty of Theology, and the Center for Molecular Biosciences opened the same year in the north of the campus.2007年落成的神学中心容纳天主教神学院各研究所，同年校园北部还启用了分子生物科学中心。

• In 1967 the decision was made to build the university sports centre on the Rosenhain, completed in 1984, and a pre-clinical centre whose brutalist high-rise was handed over in 1977.1967年决定在罗森海因兴建大学体育中心（1984年建成）以及一座临床前中心，其粗野主义高层建筑于1977年交付使用。

• After the Medical University of Graz was founded, the pre-clinical high-rise was used by the university until new buildings beside the LKH Graz were completed, and it was demolished in 2023.格拉茨医科大学成立后，临床前高层建筑仍由该校使用，直至格拉茨州立医院旁的新楼建成；该楼于2023年拆除。

• About one kilometre south of the campus stands the Wall Library Centre, which holds the specialist libraries for Romance, Slavic, education and translation studies.校园以南约一公里处是瓦尔图书馆中心，收藏罗曼语、斯拉夫语、教育学与翻译学等专业图书馆藏。

• The university's off-campus research sites include the Kanzelhöhe Solar Observatory in Carinthia and the Sermilik Research Station in East Greenland, where a new building opened in 2023 for up to 25 scientists.该校的校外研究站点包括克恩顿州的坎策尔赫厄太阳观测站，以及东格陵兰的塞米利克研究站，后者于2023年建成一座最多可容纳25名科研人员的新建筑。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Graz is placed joint 696th in the world, the position given in the publisher's official table.在2027年QS世界大学排名中，格拉茨大学位列世界并列第696名，此为该发布方官方榜单所给名次。^[1]

• Times Higher Education places the university in the 501-550 band of its 2027 World University Rankings, improving on its 501-600 band in 2026.泰晤士高等教育将其列入2027年世界大学排名501-550档，较其2026年版的501-600档有所提升。

• The U.S. News and World Report 2026-2027 Best Global Universities ranking places the university 682nd in the world.《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027年全球最佳大学排名将该校列为世界第682名。

• In the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities published by ShanghaiRanking, the university appears in the 401-500 band, its strongest showing among the four main tables.在软科发布的2026年世界大学学术排名中，该校位列401-500档，是其在四大主榜中的最佳表现。

• Ten Nobel laureates are associated with the university, among them Walther Nernst (Chemistry 1920), Fritz Pregl (Chemistry 1923) and Julius Wagner von Jauregg (Medicine 1927).与该校相关的诺贝尔奖得主共十位，其中包括瓦尔特·能斯脱（1920年化学奖）、弗里茨·普雷格尔（1923年化学奖）与尤利乌斯·瓦格纳·冯·尧雷格（1927年医学奖）。

• Its Nobel laureates also include Erwin Schrödinger (Physics 1933), Otto Loewi (Medicine 1936), Victor Franz Hess (Physics 1936), Gerty Cori (Medicine 1947), Karl von Frisch (Medicine 1973) and Peter Handke (Literature 2019).其诺贝尔奖得主还包括埃尔温·薛定谔（1933年物理学奖）、奥托·吕维（1936年医学奖）、维克托·弗朗茨·赫斯（1936年物理学奖）、格蒂·科里（1947年医学奖）、卡尔·冯·弗里施（1973年医学奖）与彼得·汉德克（2019年文学奖）。

• In machine-readable bibliographic data the university is credited with about 80,921 scholarly works and some 4,151,349 citations.在机器可读的文献计量数据中，该校约有80921项学术成果与约4151349次被引。

• The university is a member of the Coimbra Group, the Utrecht Network and the Arqus European University Alliance, and it joined the Alliance of Sustainable Universities founded in 2012.该校是科英布拉集团、乌得勒支网络与 Arqus 欧洲大学联盟成员，并加入了2012年成立的可续续发展大学联盟。

• As the largest and second-oldest university in Austria, it is recognised for research in the natural sciences, humanities, social sciences and economics across its Styrian region.作为奥地利规模最大、历史第二悠久的大学，其在自然科学、人文、社会科学与经济领域的研究在施泰尔马克地区广受认可。

• In 1931 an article in the Wiener Zeitung even proposed closing the University of Graz during the Great Depression, though the plans were never realised.1931年大萧条期间，《维也纳日报》一篇文章甚至提议关闭格拉茨大学，但该计划从未实现。

Student life

• The university's guiding principle is the claim We work for tomorrow, since 1585, developed with the climate researcher Gottfried Kirchengast.该校的办学宗旨是「我们为明天而工作——始于1585年」，由气候研究学者戈特弗里德·基尔兴加斯特参与提炼。

• The Student Union at the University of Graz, known as ÖH Uni Graz, is a student-run public corporation whose representatives are re-elected every two years.格拉茨大学学生会（简称 ÖH Uni Graz）是由学生自主管理的公法团体，其代表每两年改选一次。

• The Senate of the University of Graz has 28 members, fourteen appointed by professors, seven by the mid-level academic staff, six by students and one by the general staff.格拉茨大学评议会由28名成员组成，教授任命14名、中层学术人员7名、学生6名、一般职工1名。

• Student residences near the campus include the Friedrich Schiller Heim, the Elisabethheim, the Liebigheim and UNIBLICK, alongside numerous shared apartments.校园附近的学生宿舍包括弗里德里希·席勒之家、伊丽莎白之家、李比希之家与 UNIBLICK，此外还有大量合租房源。

• The UNI Rosenhain sports centre north of the campus has five halls, an indoor running track, tennis and beach volleyball courts, an athletics track and a football pitch.校园北部的罗森海因大学体育中心设有五个场馆、室内跑道、网球场与沙滩排球场、田径场以及足球场。

• Zinzendorfgasse beside the campus is lined with restaurants and cafés, and the student-run ÖH Center on Schubertstraße sells lecture notes and takes print orders.校园旁的青岑多夫巷餐馆与咖啡馆林立，位于舒伯特街的学生会中心则出售讲义并接受打印订单。

• The campus is served by bus lines 31, 41, 58 and 63 of the Grazer Linien, while tram lines 1 and 7 stop about a five-minute walk away.校园由格拉茨公交31、41、58与63路服务，电车1路与7路的站点距此约五分钟步行路程。

• The university's 400th anniversary was celebrated in 1985, and the events of that period included the 1984 memorial plaque affair that led the Senate to revise a contentious inscription.该校1985年庆祝建校400周年，此间还发生了1984年的纪念牌事件，促使评议会修订一段有争议的铭文。

• In November 2023 stumbling stones were installed on the campus of the University of Graz in memory of members persecuted and murdered under the Nazi regime.2023年11月，格拉茨大学校园内铺设了绊脚石，以纪念在纳粹政权下被迫害与杀害的成员。

Notable people

• Archduke Charles II of Inner Austria founded the University of Graz in 1585, and Father Heinrich Blyssem SJ served as its first rector from 1586.内奥地利大公卡尔二世于1585年创办格拉茨大学，耶稣会士海因里希·布利塞姆神父自1586年起任首任校长。

• Emperor Francis I re-established the university in 1827, giving it the double foundation reflected in its old name Karl-Franzens-Universität.皇帝弗朗茨一世于1827年重建该校，这一双重创办体现于其旧名 Karl-Franzens-Universität 之中。

• Ludwig Boltzmann, the physicist and founder of statistical mechanics, was professor of mathematical physics at Graz from 1869 to 1873 and professor of physics from 1876 to 1890.物理学家、统计力学奠基人路德维希·玻尔兹曼，1869至1873年任格拉茨大学数理物理学教授，1876至1890年任物理学教授。

• Ernst Mach, the physicist and philosopher of science, taught mathematics and physics at the University of Graz from 1864 to 1867.物理学家与科学哲学家恩斯特·马赫，于1864至1867年在格拉茨大学教授数学与物理学。

• Alfred Wegener, the father of the continental drift theory, was professor of geophysics at the university from 1924 to 1930.大陆漂移学说的奠基者阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳，于1924至1930年在该校任地球物理学教授。

• Alexius Meinong (1853-1920), the philosopher who founded the Graz School of phenomenological psychology after 1894, taught at the university.哲学家阿莱克修斯·迈农（1853至1920年）于1894年后创立现象学心理学的格拉茨学派，曾在该校任教。

• Joseph Schumpeter, the economist later teaching at Harvard University, worked at the University of Graz from 1912 to 1914.后来任教于哈佛大学的经济学家约瑟夫·熊彼特，于1912至1914年在格拉茨大学任职。

• Fritz Pregl received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and worked in Graz from 1913 to 1930, developing the methods of organic microanalysis.弗里茨·普雷格尔获1923年诺贝尔化学奖，1913至1930年间在格拉茨工作，发展了有机微量分析方法。

• Ivo Andrić, the Nobel laureate in Literature in 1961, received his doctorate at the University of Graz in 1924, and the writer Peter Handke studied there from 1961 to 1965.1961年诺贝尔文学奖得主伊沃·安德里奇，于1924年在格拉茨大学获得博士学位；作家彼得·汉德克于1961至1965年在此求学。

• Gustav Meyer, professor at Graz from 1881, is regarded as one of the founders of Albanology as an academic discipline.1881年起任格拉茨大学教授的古斯塔夫·迈耶，被视为阿尔巴尼亚学作为学科的奠基人之一。

• Heinrich Harrer, the Austrian mountaineer, geographer and author, was an alumnus of the university.奥地利登山家、地理学家与作家海因里希·哈勒是该校校友。

• Peter Riedler has served as rector of the University of Graz, having been re-elected for a four-year term in January 2025.彼得·里德勒担任格拉茨大学校长，并于2025年1月获连任一个四年任期。