University of Geneva

The University of Geneva, known in French as the Université de Genève and abbreviated UNIGE, is a public research university in Geneva, Switzerland, founded in 1559 by the French theologian John Calvin as a theological seminary and academy.日内瓦大学（法文：Université de Genève，常缩写为 UNIGE）是位于瑞士日内瓦的一所公立研究型大学，由法国神学家约翰·加尔文于 1559 年创办，最初是一所神学院与学院。

Today it is the third largest university in Switzerland by student numbers, with 17,271 students enrolled, and it holds teaching, research and service to the community as its primary objectives.如今按学生人数计，它是瑞士规模第三大的大学，在校学生 17271 人；学校以教学、研究与服务社会为首要目标。

History

• John Calvin settled in Geneva in 1536 and published the Institutes of the Christian Religion, but he was expelled from the city in 1538 and recalled in 1541 to continue the Reformation.加尔文于 1536 年在日内瓦定居并发表《基督教要义》，但 1538 年被逐出该城，1541 年被召回以继续推行宗教改革。

• Geneva gradually became the centre of the Reformed movement and was called the Protestant Rome, and on 20 November 1541 the city council adopted Calvin's Ecclesiastical Ordinances, which set out a plan for founding a school.日内瓦逐渐成为归正宗运动的中心，被称为（新教的罗马）；1541 年 11 月 20 日，市议会通过加尔文制定的《教会法令》，其中提出了创办一所学校的计划。

• In 1559 Calvin founded the Academy of Geneva, known in Latin as Schola Genevensis, as a seminary administered by the Company of Pastors to serve as the centre of public education in Protestant Geneva.1559 年，加尔文创办日内瓦学院（拉丁语：Schola Genevensis），这是一所由牧师团管理的神学院，旨在成为新教日内瓦公共教育的中心。

• The academy taught rhetoric, dialectics, Hebrew and classical Greek, and Calvin shared the chair of theology with Theodore Beza, its first rector chosen by the Company of Pastors.学院教授修辞学、辩证法、希伯来语与古典希腊语；加尔文与泰奥多尔·德贝兹共同担任神学教授，后者是由牧师团选出的首任校长。

• Beza argued that theological doctrine should be supplemented by medicine and law, an idea that helped broaden the curriculum beyond religious instruction.德贝兹主张，神学教义还应得到医学与法律的补充，这一理念有助于把课程从宗教灌输扩展到更广的领域。

• Perhaps inspired by the Zurich academy founded by Ulrich Zwingli, the Geneva academy adopted an exegetical method of teaching based on seminars in which students and pastors read and commented on religious texts.或许是受到乌尔里希·慈运理创办的苏黎世学院的启发，日内瓦学院采用了释经式教学法，由学生与牧师在研讨会上阅读并评论宗教文本。

• During the European Reformation the academy gained a wide reputation as a centre of Reformed learning.在欧洲宗教改革期间，日内瓦学院作为归正宗学术中心而享有广泛声誉。

• To train both pastors and magistrates for the republic, the academy began teaching law in 1565.为了同时培养牧师与共和国的治安官，学院于 1565 年开始教授法律。

• In 1581 the Council of State appointed three scholars to the academy, beginning a long process of secularisation.1581 年，日内瓦国务委员会任命三名学者进入学院，由此开启了一段漫长的世俗化进程。

• Through the 17th century the institution remained focused on theology, and in the 18th century, during the Age of Enlightenment, it introduced new disciplines such as physics, natural sciences, law and philosophy.整个 17 世纪，该校仍以神学为重心；18 世纪启蒙时代，它引入了物理学、自然科学、法律与哲学等新学科。

• During the French annexation of Geneva between 1798 and 1813, the school was reorganised on a more universal model, with the introduction of degrees and its division into faculties.1798 至 1813 年法国吞并日内瓦期间，学校按更普适的模式改组，引入学位制度并划分院系。

• This process of modernisation continued into the period of national Restoration after 1815.这一现代化进程在 1815 年后的国家复辟时期继续进行。

• In 1873 the institution dropped its religious affiliation and became officially secular, and with the creation of a medical faculty the Academy of Geneva was formally renamed the University of Geneva.1873 年，该校放弃宗教归属，正式成为世俗大学；随着医学系的建立，日内瓦学院正式更名为日内瓦大学。

• In 1912 Édouard Claparède founded the Rousseau Institute to turn educational theory into a science, and Jean Piaget later took over its leadership.1912 年，爱德华·克拉帕雷德创立卢梭学院，旨在把教育理论转化为一门科学，让·皮亚杰后来接任其领导职务。

• From 1929 the institute was affiliated with the University of Geneva, and in 1975 it became the university's Faculty of Psychology and Education.该学院自 1929 年起挂靠日内瓦大学，并于 1975 年成为该校的心理学与教育学院。

• The Geneva School of Interpreters was created in 1941, renamed the School of Translation and Interpretation in 1972, and became the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting in 2011.日内瓦口译学校于 1941 年建立，1972 年更名为翻译与口译学校，2011 年成为翻译与口译学院。

• In 1964 Sophie Kanza became the first Congolese woman to graduate from a university when she received a degree in sociology from the University of Geneva.1964 年，索菲·坎扎在日内瓦大学获得社会学学位，成为首位大学毕业的刚果女性。

• Before 2005 the university applied differing models by faculty, with a French-style sequence of degrees running from the demi-licence of two years to the doctorate of three to five years.2005 年之前，学校各学院采用不同的学位模式，沿用法国式学制，从两年的半学士文凭一直到三至五年的博士学位。

• After 2005 it adopted the Bologna process, offering the bachelor's degree of three years, master's degrees of one to two years and doctorates of three to five years.2005 年之后，学校遵循博洛尼亚进程，提供三年制学士、一至两年制硕士与三至五年制博士学位。

• In 2006 the university adopted a charter of ethics, and in 2007 the Graduate Institute of International Studies merged with the Graduate Institute of Development Studies to form a single institute for international and development studies.2006 年，学校通过一部道德伦理宪章；2007 年，国际关系高等学院与发展研究高等学院合并为一所国际关系与发展研究的学院。

• In 2009 the University of Geneva celebrated the 450th anniversary of its founding.2009 年，日内瓦大学庆祝了建校 450 周年。

• The University of Geneva is a member of the League of European Research Universities, the 4EU+ Alliance, the Coimbra Group, the International Forum of Public Universities and the European University Association.日内瓦大学是欧洲研究型大学联盟、4EU+ 联盟、科英布拉集团、国际公立大学论坛与欧洲大学协会的成员。

Academics

• The university is organised into nine faculties, namely Sciences, Medicine, Humanities, the Geneva School of Economics and Management, the Geneva School of Social Sciences, the Geneva Law School, Theology, Psychology and Education, and Translation and Interpreting.学校由九大学院组成，即理学院、医学院、文学院、经济管理学院、社会科学院、法学院、神学院、心理学与教育学院以及翻译与口译学院。

• Fourteen interfaculty centres support teaching and research across disciplines, including the Institute for Reformation History, the Interfaculty Centre for Informatics and the Institute for Environmental Sciences.十四个跨院系中心支撑跨学科的教学与研究，其中包括宗教改革史研究所、信息学跨院系中心与环境科学研究所。

• Other interfaculty centres include the Global Studies Institute, the Interfaculty Centre of Gerontology and the Swiss Centre for Affective Sciences.其他跨院系中心还包括全球研究所、老年学跨院系中心与瑞士情感科学中心。

• The university maintains partnerships with nearby institutions where its students may take courses, among them the Bossey Ecumenical Institute of the World Council of Churches.学校与周边机构保持合作，学生可在其中修读课程，其中包括世界基督教协进会的博塞神学院。

• Associated institutions also include the Wyss Centre for Bio- and Neuro-engineering, the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre and the Art-Law Centre.关联机构还包括维斯生物与神经工程中心、瑞士国家超级计算中心与艺术法中心。

• The Centre for Biomedical Imaging, the University Centre of Legal Medicine and the Institute for Work and Health are further affiliated bodies.生物医学影像中心、大学法医学中心与工作与健康研究所是另外几个附属机构。

• The Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies was administratively associated with the University of Geneva from 1927 to 2009.国际关系及发展高等学院在 1927 至 2009 年间与日内瓦大学保持行政上的关联。

• To enrol in a bachelor programme, a student must hold a Swiss maturity diploma or a secondary diploma considered equivalent by the university.入读学士课程，学生须持有瑞士成熟文凭或学校认可具有同等资格的中学文凭。

• Applicants whose previous degree was not taught in French must pass an eliminatory French language test at the beginning of September, made up of oral and written comprehension and a piece of argumentative writing.若此前学位并非以法语授课，申请人须在 9 月初通过淘汰性法语测试，包括口语与书面理解以及一篇论证性写作。

• Tuition fees are 500 Swiss francs per semester.学费为每学期 500 瑞士法郎。

• The academic year runs from mid-September to mid-June and is divided into two semesters, each concluded by an examination session held at the beginning of January and the beginning of June.学年从 9 月中旬延续到 6 月中旬，分为两个学期，每学期以考试收尾，考试分别在 1 月初与 6 月初举行。

• A further examination session at the end of August and the beginning of September serves as a retake for students who failed in January or June.8 月底与 9 月初还设有一场考试，供 1 月或 6 月未通过的学生补考。

• The university offers more than 240 types of diploma, including about 30 bachelor's degrees, 70 master's degrees and 78 doctorates, together with more than 200 programmes of continuing education.学校提供 240 多种文凭，包括约 30 个学士、70 个硕士与 78 个博士学位，以及 200 多个继续教育项目。

• The key sectors of research are the sciences, including molecular biology and bioinformatics, elementary particle physics, astrophysics, economics, social sciences, psychology, chemistry, biochemistry and biophysics.主要研究领域包括科学（含分子生物学与生物信息学）、粒子物理学、天体物理学、经济学、社会科学、心理学、化学、生物化学与生物物理学。

• The university hosts six national research centres, in genetics, in materials science, in the study of emotions, in chemical biology, in the study of mental illness and in the study of the life course.学校设有六个国家级研究中心，分别研究遗传学、材料科学、情感、化学生物学、精神疾病与生命历程。

• Research in international studies is pursued through the Global Studies Institute created in 2013, and research in finance through the Geneva Finance Research Institute.国际研究通过 2013 年设立的全球研究所推进，金融研究则通过日内瓦金融研究所推进。

• Notable discoveries made at the university include the discovery of extrasolar planets by Michel Mayor and that of quantum teleportation by Nicolas Gisin.该校取得的重要发现包括米歇尔·迈耶对系外行星的发现，以及尼古拉·吉辛对量子隐形传态的发现。

• Students may study abroad for a semester or a year, and partner universities include the Free University of Berlin, Harvard Law School, Trinity College Dublin, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, McGill University, Uppsala University, Johns Hopkins University and the University of Tokyo.学生可在就读期间赴海外学习一学期或一年，合作院校包括柏林自由大学、哈佛法学院、都柏林圣三一学院、鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学、麦吉尔大学、乌普萨拉大学、约翰斯·霍普金斯大学与东京大学。

Campus

• The university occupies buildings in several districts of eastern Geneva and in the neighbouring municipality of Carouge, on the left bank of Lake Léman and the Rhône, and some of its sites lie several kilometres apart.学校分布于日内瓦东部数个城区以及毗邻的卡鲁日镇，位于莱芒湖与罗讷河左岸，部分校址相距数公里。

• The oldest building, the Collège Calvin, dates from 1559 and is no longer a university building.最古老的建筑是 1559 年的加尔文中学，如今已不再用作大学校舍。

• Teaching is given at six main locations, namely Les Bastions, Uni Dufour, the Sciences buildings I, II and III, Uni Mail and Uni Pignon, the Centre Médical Universitaire and Battelle.教学主要在六处场所进行，即巴斯提翁、迪富尔楼、理科一号至三号楼、邮驿楼与皮尼翁楼、大学医学中心以及巴泰勒。

• Uni Bastions, built between 1868 and 1871, stands in the middle of a park and is the symbol of Geneva's academic life, housing the Faculty of Protestant Theology and the Faculty of Arts.巴斯提翁楼建于 1868 至 1871 年，坐落于公园之中，是日内瓦学术生活的象征，容纳新教神学院与文学院。

• Uni Dufour, whose architecture was inspired by Le Corbusier, houses the Rectorate and the central administration.迪富尔楼的建筑受勒·柯布西耶启发，容纳校长办公室与中央行政机构。

• Uni Mail is Switzerland's largest building dedicated to the social sciences and hosts the Faculty of Law, the Geneva School of Economics and Management, the Faculty of Psychology and Education and the Faculty of Translation and Interpreting.邮驿楼是瑞士最大的社会科学专用建筑，容纳法学院、经济管理学院、心理学与教育学院以及翻译与口译学院。

• The Centre Médical Universitaire houses the Faculty of Medicine together with departments of fundamental and clinical medical research, opposite the Geneva University Hospitals.大学医学中心容纳医学院以及基础与临床医学研究各系，与日内瓦大学医院相对。

• Construction of that medical complex began in 1970, was halted in 1989, and its sixth phase was completed in 2017, giving it five underground and twelve above-ground levels.这一医学综合体于 1970 年动工，1989 年一度停工，其第六期工程于 2017 年完成，共有五层地下与十二层地上。

• The complex now contains the École romande de pharmacie, the University Dental Clinic, laboratories, a medical simulation centre, an animal facility, lecture theatres and a cafeteria.该综合体现设罗曼德药学院、大学牙科诊所、多间实验室、医学模拟中心、动物房、阶梯教室与自助餐厅。

• The university's library facilities are spread across four sites.学校的图书馆设施分布在四个地点。

• Uni Arve hosts seven libraries, including those for mathematics, anthropology, astronomy and the earth and environmental sciences.阿尔沃楼设有七座图书馆，涉及数学、人类学、天文学以及地球与环境科学。

• Uni Bastions houses the language libraries together with the collections for history and musicology, while Uni CMU holds an extensive medical collection.巴斯提翁楼收藏语言类图书以及历史与音乐学藏书，大学医学中心则藏有大量医学文献。

• Uni Mail focuses on economics and social sciences, law, psychology and learning sciences, translation and interpreting, European studies, French as a foreign language and musicology, and it also hosts the multimedia library.邮驿楼以经济与社会科学、法律、心理学与学习科学、翻译与口译、欧洲研究、法语外语以及音乐学为重点，并设有多媒体图书馆。

• The university publishes the biweekly journal de l'UNIGE and the monthly Campus, the latter conceived as a bridge between science and the city.学校出版双周刊《日内瓦大学杂志》与月刊《校园》，后者意在成为科学与城市之间的桥梁。

Reputation

• The University of Geneva is consistently ranked among the leading universities in the world.日内瓦大学一贯被列为世界领先的大学之一。

• In the 2024 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities it placed 58th, and in the 2024 CWUR ranking it placed 111th.在 2024 年软科世界大学学术排名中它位列第 58，在 2024 年 CWUR 排名中位列第 111。

• In the 2024 Times Higher Education World University Rankings it placed 183rd, and in the 2024 US News global ranking it placed 119th.在 2024 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中它位列第 183，在 2024 年美国新闻全球排名中位列第 119。

• In 2023 the Shanghai ranking placed it 49th in the world, the QS ranking 125th and the Times Higher Education ranking 183rd, while Newsweek had ranked it 32nd in the world in 2006.2023 年，软科排名将其列为世界第 49，QS 排名第 125，泰晤士高等教育排名第 183；而《新闻周刊》早在 2006 年就曾将其列为世界第 32。

• The QS World University Rankings placed the university 89th in 2016, 85th in 2015, 74th in 2012 and 69th in 2011.QS 世界大学排名曾将该校列为 2016 年第 89、2015 年第 85、2012 年第 74 与 2011 年第 69。

• The Times Higher Education ranking placed it 131st in 2015–2016, 133rd in 2012–2013, 116th in 2011–2012 and 118th in 2010–2011.泰晤士高等教育排名曾将其列为 2015—2016 年第 131、2012—2013 年第 133、2011—2012 年第 116 与 2010—2011 年第 118。

• In molecular biology the impact of research carried out in Geneva was ranked 4th in Europe by Times Higher Education for the period 1999 to 2009.在分子生物学领域，1999 至 2009 年间日内瓦的研究影响力被泰晤士高等教育评为欧洲第 4。

• In physics the 2024 Shanghai ranking placed the University of Geneva 3rd in continental Europe and 15th in the world.在物理学领域，2024 年软科排名将日内瓦大学列为欧洲大陆第 3、全球第 15。

• The QS 2013 subject ranking placed it 21st in pharmacy and 49th in philosophy, and in every subject it was among the world's top 200.2013 年 QS 学科排名将其列为药学第 21 与哲学第 49，而在所有学科中它都位居世界前 200。

• In the 2013 QS ranking the university was 24th in the world for the proportion of international faculty and 20th for the most international student body.在 2013 年 QS 排名中，该校国际教师比例位列世界第 24，国际学生比例位列世界第 20。

• In 2023 it was ranked the 26th best university overall in Europe.2023 年，它在欧洲大学综合排名中位列第 26。

• In 2016 the university had 16,530 students, of whom 61 per cent were female, and 37 per cent were non-Swiss, coming from 151 countries, with 4,449 teachers and collaborators.2016 年，学校有学生 16530 人，其中女性占 61%；非瑞士籍学生占 37%，来自 151 个国家；此外还有 4449 名教师与协作者。

Student life

• The Bureau des sports organises all sports-related activity at the university, and free sports lessons are given every day to anyone who shows a student card.体育局负责组织学校所有与体育相关的活动，每天都有免费体育课，出示学生证即可参加。

• Other courses arranged with the university's partners require a small fee.与校外伙伴合作开设的其他课程则需缴纳少量费用。

• The university is the home of the Geneva university championships in basketball, indoor football, rowing, badminton and outdoor football.学校是日内瓦大学篮球、室内足球、划船、羽毛球与户外足球锦标赛的举办地。

• It also sends teams to the Swiss university championships in badminton, indoor football, skiing, basketball, fencing, football, golf, ice hockey, table tennis and volleyball.学校还派出队伍参加瑞士大学羽毛球、室内足球、滑雪、篮球、击剑、足球、高尔夫、冰球、乒乓球与排球锦标赛。

• Special schedules are provided for students who wish to combine a high-level sporting career with their studies.学校为希望同时兼顾高水平运动生涯与学业的学生提供特殊课表。

• Alumni UNIGE is the university's alumni association, offering its members a network of several thousand people together with discounts, special events and access to an official networking platform.日内瓦大学校友会为成员提供数千人的网络，以及折扣、特别活动与官方联络平台的访问权。

• Atout-lettres is the alumni association of the university's literature students, founded in 1997 to prepare their entry into working life.文学院校友会成立于 1997 年，旨在为文学院学生进入职场做准备。

• During the three days before the academic year begins, the university organises Welcome Days to introduce new students to the city and the facilities.在学年开始前的三天里，学校组织迎新日活动，帮助新生了解这座城市与学校设施。

• A second programme of city tours, outdoor concerts and other activities is organised by the student association UniAccueil to celebrate the new academic year.城市导览、户外音乐会与其他活动则由学生社团 UniAccueil 组织，以庆祝新学年的到来。

Notable people

• Affiliates of the University of Geneva have won 10 Nobel Prizes, and its graduate alumni Martin Hairer and Vaughan Jones have each won a Fields Medal.日内瓦大学的成员共获得 10 项诺贝尔奖，其毕业生校友马丁·海雷尔与沃恩·琼斯各获得一枚菲尔兹奖。

• Nobel laureates associated with the university include Norman Angell, laureate in peace in 1933, Daniel Bovet, laureate in medicine in 1957, and Gunnar Myrdal, laureate in economics in 1974.与该校相关的诺贝尔奖得主包括 1933 年诺贝尔和平奖得主诺曼·安吉尔、1957 年诺贝尔医学奖得主达尼埃尔·博韦，以及 1974 年诺贝尔经济学奖得主冈纳·默达尔。

• Other laureates are Werner Arber, laureate in medicine in 1978, Maurice Allais, laureate in economics in 1988, and Edmond Fischer, laureate in medicine in 1992.其他得主还包括 1978 年诺贝尔医学奖得主沃纳·亚伯、1988 年诺贝尔经济学奖得主莫里斯·阿莱，以及 1992 年诺贝尔医学奖得主埃德蒙·费希尔。

• Martin Rodbell won the medicine prize in 1994, Alan Heeger the chemistry prize in 2000, Kofi Annan the peace prize in 2001, and Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz the physics prize in 2019.马丁·罗德贝尔于 1994 年获医学奖，艾伦·黑格于 2000 年获化学奖，科菲·安南于 2001 年获和平奖，米歇尔·迈耶与迪迪埃·奎洛兹于 2019 年获物理学奖。

• Four Fields Medal laureates have studied or worked at the university, namely Vaughan Jones in 1990, Stanislav Smirnov in 2010, Martin Hairer in 2014 and Hugo Duminil-Copin in 2022.有四位菲尔兹奖得主曾在该校学习或工作，分别是 1990 年的沃恩·琼斯、2010 年的斯坦尼斯拉夫·斯米尔诺夫、2014 年的马丁·海雷尔与 2022 年的雨果·迪米尼尔-科潘。

• Among its notable scholars are the reformers John Calvin and Theodore Beza, the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure and the psychologist Jean Piaget.该校著名学者包括宗教改革家约翰·加尔文与泰奥多尔·德贝兹、语言学家弗迪南·德·索绪尔与心理学家让·皮亚杰。

• Other scholars include the economists Klaus Schwab, founder of the World Economic Forum, and the international relations theorist Hans Morgenthau.其他学者还包括世界经济论坛创始人、经济学家克劳斯·施瓦布与国际关系理论家汉斯·摩根索。

• Notable alumni include José Manuel Barroso, former President of the European Commission, the astronaut Claude Nicollier, and Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg.著名校友包括前欧盟委员会主席若泽·曼努埃尔·巴罗佐、宇航员克劳德·尼科里埃尔，以及卢森堡大公亨利。