University of Erlangen–Nuremberg

Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen–Nuremberg (FAU, German: Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg) is a public research university in the Bavarian cities of Erlangen and Nuremberg in Germany, tracing its history to a college founded in Bayreuth in 1742埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学（德语：Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg，简称 FAU）是位于德国巴伐利亚州埃尔朗根与纽伦堡两座城市的公立研究型大学，其渊源可追溯到 1742 年在拜罗伊特创办的一所学院

Its name honours its founder Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and its benefactor Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, and the university is one of the fifteen largest in Germany校名取自其创办人勃兰登堡-拜罗伊特藩侯弗里德里希，以及其资助人勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫藩侯亚历山大，该校是德国规模最大的十五所大学之一

It has five faculties, around 40,000 students and more than 275 degree programmes, about two-thirds of its students based in Erlangen and one-third in Nuremberg, and in the QS World University Rankings 2027 it stands 218th in the world学校设有五个学院，在读学生约 40,000 人，开设 275 个以上学位项目，约三分之二学生在埃尔朗根、三分之一在纽伦堡，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列世界第 218 位

History

• The university was founded in 1742 as the Academia Fridericiana in Bayreuth by Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, and on 21 February 1743 it was granted university status by Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor该校于 1742 年在拜罗伊特以「弗里德里希学院」（Academia Fridericiana）之名由勃兰登堡-拜罗伊特藩侯弗里德里希创办，1743 年 2 月 21 日由神圣罗马帝国皇帝查理七世授予大学资格
• Alongside the universities of Altdorf and Würzburg it was the third university in the Franconian region, and in November 1743 it was moved to Erlangen and housed in the former Knight Academy on Erlanger Hauptstraße它与阿尔特多夫大学、维尔茨堡大学并列，是弗兰肯地区的第三所大学，1743 年 11 月迁至埃尔朗根，设于原骑士学院旧址
• From the outset the entire traditional range of subjects was taught, namely theology, law, medicine and philosophy, although student numbers in the early decades remained consistently below 200建校之初即开设完整的传统学科门类，即神学、法学、医学与哲学，不过早期学生人数长期不足 200 人
• The first chancellor of the modestly endowed institution was the physician Daniel de Superville这所经费有限的学校首任校长（Chancellor）是医师丹尼尔·德·叙佩尔维尔
• In 1769 responsibility for the university passed to Christian Frederick Charles Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, who supported the young institution and thereby became its second namesake1769 年，学校的管辖权移交给勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫藩侯克里斯蒂安·弗里德里希·卡尔·亚历山大，他大力支持这所年轻学府，因而成为校名的第二位来源
• After Erlangen was transferred to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810 the university only narrowly escaped closure, because it was the only Bavarian state university with a Lutheran theological faculty and thus indispensable for training Protestant theologians1810 年埃尔朗根归属巴伐利亚王国后，该校险些被关闭，原因是它是巴伐利亚唯一设有路德宗神学院的国立大学，对培养新教神学家不可或缺
• In 1818 the margrave's castle in the centre of Erlangen became the property of the university, and in 1825 the university moved into the Schloss1818 年，埃尔朗根市中心的藩侯城堡归学校所有，1825 年学校迁入这座宫殿
• The historian Karl Hegel, who worked at Erlangen from 1856 and had been vice-rector in 1870/71, founded its History Department in 1872 and directed it until 1884历史学家卡尔·黑格尔自 1856 年起在埃尔朗根任职，并于 1870 至 1871 年担任副校长，他于 1872 年创办历史学系并主持系务至 1884 年
• Student numbers rose from 374 at the end of the winter semester of 1869/70 to 1,000 by 1890, and the number of full professors grew from 20 in 1796 to 42 in 1900学生人数从 1869 至 1870 年冬季学期末的 374 人增至 1890 年的 1,000 人，正教授人数从 1796 年的 20 人增至 1900 年的 42 人
• Jakob Herz became the first Jewish professor at a university in Bavaria in 1863, and a bronze monument to him was unveiled in 1875 but removed after the National Socialists came to power雅各布·赫尔茨于 1863 年成为巴伐利亚大学中的首位犹太裔教授，其铜像于 1875 年揭幕，但在纳粹掌权后被拆除
• In 1897 the first women were admitted to study at the university, and the first woman received her doctorate there in 19041897 年，该校首次录取女学生，1904 年产生第一位女性博士
• During the First World War about 75 per cent of the university's students volunteered or were conscripted, and 384 members of the university lost their lives第一次世界大战期间，该校约 75% 的学生志愿参军或被征召，共有 384 名师生阵亡
• In 1927 the natural sciences were separated from the Faculty of Philosophy and transferred to a newly created Faculty of Natural Sciences1927 年，自然科学从哲学院中分离出来，划入新成立的理学院
• In the university elections of 1929 the National Socialist student union won 14 seats, making Erlangen the first German university with a student parliament dominated by National Socialists在 1929 年的大学选举中，纳粹学生联盟赢得 14 个席位，使埃尔朗根成为德国第一所学生议会由纳粹主导的大学
• Of the 121 members of the teaching staff in the winter semester of 1932/33, nine, or 7.4 per cent, were expelled, and 162 former students had their doctoral degrees revoked, most of them in 1939在 1932 至 1933 年冬季学期的 121 名教师中，有 9 人（占 7.4%）被解职，另有 162 名旧生的博士学位被撤销，其中多数发生在 1939 年
• After the Second World War some faculties reopened in January 1946, and the arrival of parts of Siemens AG in Erlangen gave decisive impetus to expansion, including the construction of the south campus第二次世界大战后，部分学院于 1946 年 1 月复课，西门子公司的部分机构迁至埃尔朗根，为学校扩张提供了关键动力，包括南校区的建设
• In 1961 the Nuremberg University of Economics and Social Sciences, founded in 1919, was incorporated as a separate faculty, giving FAU its second major location and its present name1961 年，创办于 1919 年的纽伦堡经济与社会科学大学并入，成为独立学院，使该校获得第二个主要校区和如今的校名
• A Faculty of Engineering was established in 1966, making FAU the first of the traditional universities of the old Federal Republic to incorporate engineering as an independent faculty1966 年，学校设立工程学院，成为旧联邦德国传统大学中第一所将工程学设为独立学院的大学
• In 1972 the Nuremberg College of Education was incorporated, and in December of that year two students were killed and thirteen people injured in a shooting at the university before the perpetrator set fire to the Zoological Institute1972 年，纽伦堡教育学院并入该校；同年 12 月，校园内发生枪击事件，两名学生遇害、十三人受伤，行凶者随后纵火烧毁了动物学研究所
• In 1982 Erlangen University Hospital attracted national attention with the birth of Germany's first test-tube baby, and in 2004 the university expanded to Fürth with the Central Institute for New Materials and Process Technology1982 年，埃尔朗根大学医院因诞生德国首例试管婴儿而全国瞩目；2004 年学校又扩展到菲尔特，设立新材料与工艺技术中央研究所

Academics

• Since October 2007 the university has been organised into five faculties, namely Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology, Business, Economics and Law, Medicine, Sciences, and Engineering自 2007 年 10 月起，学校由五个学院组成，即人文、社会科学与神学院，经济、法律与商学院，医学院，理学院，以及工程学院
• As a comprehensive university it offers 272 degree programmes as of 2023, including 82 bachelor's degrees, 98 master's degrees and 92 degrees leading to a state examination such as teaching, law or medicine作为综合性大学，截至 2023 年它开设 272 个学位项目，包括 82 个学士、98 个硕士，以及 92 个通向国家考试（如师范、法律、医学）的项目
• FAU is a member of the German Research Foundation, and on the basis of that funding it has been among the top ten universities in Germany for many years, with 117.7 million euros approved in 2023 and seven DFG research groups学校是德国研究联合会（DFG）成员，凭借其资助多年位居德国前十，2023 年获批经费 1.177 亿欧元，并设有七个研究组
• Its Faculty of Engineering has five departments, covering Electrical, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Chemical and Biological Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science, and Materials Science and Engineering, the last rated tenth best worldwide工程学院下设五个系，涵盖电气、电子与通信工程，化学与生物工程，机械工程，计算机科学，以及材料科学与工程，其中材料学科曾被评为全球第十
• Excellence clusters have shaped its research, notably the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies with about 1.85 million euros a year from 2006 to 2019 and the Engineering of Advanced Materials and Processes cluster with 70 million euros from 2007 to 2019卓越集群塑造了学校的科研格局，尤其是 2006 至 2019 年间每年约获 185 万欧元的先进光学技术埃尔朗根研究生院，以及 2007 至 2019 年间获 7000 万欧元的高级材料与工艺工程集群
• The current Cluster of Excellence Transforming Human Rights is supported by the federal excellence strategy and is co-directed by the political scientist Kathrin Kinzelbach and the legal scholar Markus Krajewski现设的「转型中的人权」卓越集群由联邦卓越战略支持，由政治学者卡特琳·金策尔巴赫与法学学者马库斯·克拉耶夫斯基共同主持
• In 2020 the university joined Germany's National High-Performance Computing alliance, giving its researchers access to computing resources beyond local capacity, including supercomputers2020 年，学校加入德国国家高性能计算联盟，使其研究人员能够使用超出本地能力的高性能计算资源，包括超级计算机
• FAU maintains contacts with about 500 universities worldwide, among them Cambridge University, Duke University, UCL and Imperial College London学校与全球约 500 所大学保持联系，其中包括剑桥大学、杜克大学、伦敦大学学院与帝国理工学院
• Since July 2021 FAU has been part of the European Engineering Learning Innovation and Science Alliance, a consortium of ten higher education institutions funded under the Erasmus+ programme with 14.4 million euros in 2023自 2021 年 7 月起，该校成为「欧洲工程学习创新与科学联盟」成员，该联盟由十所高等院校组成，2023 年获得伊拉斯谟加计划 1440 万欧元资助
• The FAU Language Center enables students of all disciplines to obtain international language qualifications with UNIcert certification学校语言中心让各专业学生都能取得 UNIcert 认证的国际语言资格证书
• The Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light in Erlangen emerged in 2009 from a Max Planck research group founded at the university, and it works closely with the Faculty of Engineering埃尔朗根的马克斯·普朗克光学研究所于 2009 年从该校设立的一个马克斯·普朗克研究组发展而来，与工程学院密切合作
• Because of the risk of technology drain, admission of China Scholarship Council holders was suspended temporarily in 2023, with an exception for students holding an additional German Academic Exchange Service scholarship出于防止技术外流的考虑，学校于 2023 年一度暂停录取中国国家留学基金委的资助学生，但对于同时持有德国学术交流中心资助的学生予以例外
• The university has repeatedly won Alexander von Humboldt Professorships, among them Vahid Sandoghdar in 2010, Robert Schober in 2011 and Enrique Zuazua in 2019该校多次获得亚历山大·冯·洪堡教授席位，其中包括 2010 年的瓦希德·桑多格达尔、2011 年的罗伯特·朔贝尔，以及 2019 年的恩里克·苏阿苏阿
• Teaching and research are also supported by the Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies and by the Fraunhofer Institute in Erlangen教学与研究还得到先进光学技术埃尔朗根研究生院以及埃尔朗根弗劳恩霍夫研究所的支持
• Its university hospitals have joined the Comprehensive Cancer Center WERA with Würzburg, Regensburg and Augsburg, funded with 11 million euros from German Cancer Aid from 2022 for four years其附属医院与维尔茨堡、雷根斯堡、奥格斯堡的医院共同组成 WERA 综合癌症中心，自 2022 年起四年内获得德国癌症援助组织 1100 万欧元资助
• A clinical study led by the Radiation Oncology Department showed a five-year survival rate of 10 per cent after radiochemotherapy for certain pancreatic cancer patients against 3.8 per cent after chemotherapy alone由放射肿瘤学科牵头的一项临床研究显示，对特定胰腺癌患者，放化疗后的五年生存率为 10%，而单纯化疗仅为 3.8%

Campus

• Most of the university's campuses lie in the city of Erlangen and a smaller part in neighbouring Nuremberg, with further facilities in Hof, Fürth, Bamberg, Pleinfeld and Ingolstadt学校大部分校区位于埃尔朗根市，较小一部分位于邻近的纽伦堡，另在霍夫、菲尔特、班贝格、普莱因费尔德与因戈尔施塔特设有设施
• In Erlangen the university has two main sites, one in the city centre known as the North site and one in the south, plus the Röthelheim Campus to the east of the city with minor engineering and medical facilities在埃尔朗根，学校有两个主要校区，一是市中心的北校区，一是南校区，市区以东的罗特尔海姆校区则设有少量工程与医学设施
• The North site holds the university administration in the Erlangen Schloss, the Faculty of Humanities, Social Sciences and Theology, the Department of Law, the Faculty of Medicine and the University Hospital, as well as the University Library北校区设有位于埃尔朗根宫殿内的校行政机构、人文社会科学与神学院、法律系、医学院与大学医院，以及大学图书馆
• The Faculty of Science and the Faculty of Engineering form the South site, and the Erlangen University Hospital is one of the biggest university hospitals in Germany理学院与工程学院构成南校区，而埃尔朗根大学医院是德国规模最大的大学医院之一
• In Nuremberg the Department of Economics occupies premises on Lange Gasse north-east of the Old Town, while the Department of Education sits on the Regensburger Straße campus in the south-east near the Dutzendteich在纽伦堡，经济系位于老城东北的朗格街，教育学系则位于东南部靠近杜岑德湖的雷根斯堡街校区
• The University Library Erlangen-Nürnberg holds about 5.4 million volumes and is Bavaria's largest library outside Munich, organised as four central libraries and 15 branch libraries across roughly 200 locations埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学图书馆藏书约 540 万册，是巴伐利亚除慕尼黑之外最大的图书馆，由四个中心馆与 15 个分馆组成，分布于约 200 个地点
• The Schlossgarten, the castle garden in the centre of Erlangen, is a principal sight of the city and very popular among students, especially in the summer term市中心的宫殿花园是埃尔朗根的主要景观，在学生中极受欢迎，尤其在夏季学期
• The university maintains the Botanischer Garten Erlangen, its botanical garden, as one of its points of interest学校设有埃尔朗根植物园，作为其代表性场所之一
• The former Siemens administrative building known as the Himbeerpalast, with 46,000 square metres of usable space, was bought by the Free State of Bavaria and its renovation for the Faculty of Philosophy began on 4 November 2024原西门子行政大楼「覆盆子宫」可用面积达 46,000 平方米，已由巴伐利亚州购入，其改建为人文学院用房的工程于 2024 年 11 月 4 日动工
• Land on the Siemens Campus Erlangen was acquired by the state in 2023, and the central university administration and management moved there at the end of 2024 because Erlangen Castle is to be renovated巴伐利亚州于 2023 年购得埃尔朗根西门子园区地块，由于埃尔朗根宫殿将进行翻修，学校中央行政与管理机构于 2024 年底迁入该处
• In all there are several hundred FAU properties in the Nuremberg metropolitan area, ranging from the large sites in Erlangen and Nuremberg to small outposts elsewhere in northern Bavaria该校在纽伦堡都会区共有数百处物业，既有埃尔朗根与纽伦堡的大型校区，也有北巴伐利亚其他地方的少量驻点

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the university is placed 218th in the world, and in the same year Times Higher Education places it in joint 201st position在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，该校位列世界第 218 位；同年泰晤士高等教育将其列为并列第 201 位
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 ranks FAU 309th in the world, while the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places it in the 201 to 300 band2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻与世界报道最佳全球大学排名将该校列为世界第 309 位，2026 年世界大学学术排名则将其列入 201 至 300 区间
• In the Times Higher Education Sustainability Impact Ratings 2026 FAU ranks first in the world for Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure在 2026 年泰晤士高等教育可持续发展影响力排名中，该校在「产业、创新与基础设施」一项上位居全球第一
• In the Responsible Consumption and Production sustainability goal it ranks 29th globally and first in Germany, and it is among the top-ranked German universities in several other goals在「负责任的消费与生产」可持续发展目标上，该校位列全球第 29 位、德国第一，并在其他多个目标上位居德国高校前列
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities ranks FAU 84th worldwide in per capita performance世界大学学术排名将该校的师均表现列为全球第 84 位
• Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy, FAU ranked 25th in 2019按德国经济界高层管理者的数量衡量，该校在 2019 年排名第 25 位
• Reuters rated FAU the 50th most innovative university globally in 2017 and the most innovative university in Germany and second in Europe in its 2019 report路透社在 2017 年将该校评为全球第 50 位最具创新力的大学，并在其 2019 年报告中评为德国最具创新力大学、欧洲第二
• The QS World University Rankings 2018 identified FAU as the German academic institution that had produced the most widely cited publications, placing it 21st globally2018 年 QS 世界大学排名认定该校是德国产生高被引论文最多的学术机构，全球位列第 21 位
• The OpenAlex database attributes 164,355 works to the university with 14,190,016 citationsOpenAlex 数据库为该校收录 164,355 篇成果、被引 14,190,016 次

Student life

• Since 1951 the university has held the Schlossgartenfest, the Castle Garden Festival, every June or July, with around 6,000 participants it is considered one of the largest garden parties in Europe自 1951 年起，学校每年六月或七月举办「宫殿花园节」，参与者约 6,000 人，被认为是欧洲规模最大的花园派对之一
• Since 1974 a citizens' morning pint, the Bürgerfrühschoppen, has been held on the following Sunday, when students and professors meet Bavarian economic and political figures自 1974 年起，花园节的次日周日会举办「市民晨饮」活动，学生与教授在此与巴伐利亚的经济与政界人士会面
• Every year on 4 November the university celebrates its academic birthday, the dies academicus, when the president reviews the past year and honours are awarded每年 11 月 4 日，学校庆祝其学术生日「dies academicus」，由校长回顾过去一年并颁发荣誉
• In the winter semester of 2024/25 about 50 per cent of the nearly 40,000 students were female and around 9,200 came from abroad, giving the campus a markedly international character在 2024 至 2025 年冬季学期，近 40,000 名学生中约有 50% 为女性，约 9,200 人来自国外，使校园具有明显的国际化色彩
• About two-thirds of the students mainly use the campus in Erlangen and one-third use the one in Nuremberg, so student life is divided between the two Bavarian cities约三分之二的学生主要在埃尔朗根校区学习，三分之一在纽伦堡校区，因此学生生活分布在两座巴伐利亚城市之间
• The Schlossgartenfest had to be cancelled in 1969 because of student unrest, in 1966, 1980 and 2000 because of bad weather, and in 2020 and 2021 because of the pandemic花园节曾于 1969 年因学生骚乱、1966 年、1980 年与 2000 年因恶劣天气、2020 年与 2021 年因疫情而取消
• Student media and cultural life include the campus media outlet funklust and the University Orchestra, which perform for the university community学生媒体与文化生活包括校园媒体「funklust」以及校乐团，它们为校园社区开展活动
• In 2011 the university became one of Germany's twelve largest universities for the first time, following a nationwide increase in student numbers在 2011 年全国学生人数普遍增长之后，该校首次成为德国十二所规模最大的大学之一

Notable people

• Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, founded the Academia Fridericiana in Bayreuth in 1742 and is the first namesake of the university勃兰登堡-拜罗伊特藩侯弗里德里希于 1742 年在拜罗伊特创办弗里德里希学院，是该校校名的第一位来源
• Alexander, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, supported the early university as its benefactor and became its second namesake勃兰登堡-安斯巴赫藩侯亚历山大作为资助人支持了这所早期学府，成为校名的第二位来源
• Daniel de Superville, a physician, was the first chancellor of the institution医师丹尼尔·德·叙佩尔维尔是该机构的首任校长
• Alexander von Humboldt, the geographer and explorer, attended lectures in chemistry and physics at the university地理学家与探险家亚历山大·冯·洪堡曾在该校旁听化学与物理学课程
• Hermann Emil Fischer, a chemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902 and was associated with the university化学家赫尔曼·埃米尔·菲舍尔于 1902 年获诺贝尔化学奖，与该校有渊源
• Eduard Buchner, a chemist, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907化学家爱德华·布赫纳于 1907 年获诺贝尔化学奖
• Harald zur Hausen, a virologist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2008病毒学家哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森于 2008 年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖
• Ludwig Erhard, a graduate of the university, was Chancellor of Germany from 1963 to 1966该校毕业生路德维希·艾哈德于 1963 至 1966 年任德国总理
• Georg Simon Ohm, a physicist for whom Ohm's law is named, studied and worked at the university物理学家格奥尔格·西蒙·欧姆曾在该校学习与工作，欧姆定律以他命名
• Justus von Liebig, a chemist known as the father of the fertilizer industry, was associated with the university被誉为「化肥工业之父」的化学家尤斯图斯·冯·李比希与该校有渊源
• Emmy Noether, a mathematician for whom Noether's theorem is named, worked at the university数学家埃米·诺特定理以她命名，她曾在该校工作
• Felix Klein, a mathematician, developed the Erlangen Program in his inaugural lecture in 1872数学家费利克斯·克莱因于 1872 年的就职演讲中提出「埃尔朗根纲领」
• Heinrich von Pierer, a graduate, was chief executive of Siemens AG from 1992 to 2005毕业生海因里希·冯·皮雷尔于 1992 至 2005 年任西门子公司首席执行官
• Karlheinz Brandenburg, an audio engineer and graduate, was a developer of the MP3 audio codec音频工程师、该校毕业生卡尔海因茨·勃兰登堡是 MP3 音频编码格式的开发者之一