University of Duisburg-Essen

The University of Duisburg-Essen is a public research university in the twin cities of Duisburg and Essen in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, re-established on 1 January 2003 through the merger of the Gerhard Mercator University of Duisburg and the University of Essen.杜伊斯堡-埃森大学是德国北莱茵-威斯特法伦州杜伊斯堡与埃森两城的公立研究型大学，于 2003 年 1 月 1 日由杜伊斯堡格哈德·马克塔大学与埃森大学合并重建。

With twelve faculties and roughly 40,000 students it is among the ten largest universities in Germany, and it is a founding member of the University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr, a network modelled on the University of California system.该校设十二个学院、在校生约 4 万人，是德国规模前十的大学之一，并为仿照加州大学体系组建的鲁尔都会大学联盟创始成员。

History

• The origins of the university lie in a decision of 1555 by Duke Wilhelm V of Jülich-Kleve-Berg to found a university for the unified duchies of the Lower Rhine, for which the consent of both the emperor and the pope had to be secured.该校源头可追溯至 1555 年于利希-克莱沃-贝格公爵威廉五世的决定，即为下莱茵联合公国创办大学，为此须同时取得皇帝与教皇的许可。

• The pope gave permission in 1564 and the emperor in 1566, yet the university was actually established only about ninety years later, in 1654, after Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg acquired the Duchy of Cleves.教皇于 1564 年、皇帝于 1566 年先后准予，但大学真正创立是在约九十年后的 1654 年，其时勃兰登堡选帝侯腓特烈·威廉取得克莱沃公国。

• The old University of Duisburg opened on 14 October 1655 under its first rector Johannes Claudberg and was organised into four faculties, namely theology, medicine, law and arts.老杜伊斯堡大学于 1655 年 10 月 14 日在首任校长约翰内斯·克劳德伯格主持下开学，并分为神学、医学、法学与艺术四个学院。

• For its first century the Duisburg university was among the central and leading universities of the western provinces of Prussia, before falling into rivalry with the far better endowed Dutch universities.在最初的一个世纪里，杜伊斯堡大学曾是普鲁士西部诸省居中枢地位的领头大学之一，随后与设备远更优渥的荷兰大学陷入竞争。

• Because only about a third of the population of the western Prussian provinces belonged to the Reformed Church, most Lutheran and Catholic families in the second half of the eighteenth century sent their sons elsewhere.由于普鲁士西部诸省仅约三分之一人口属改革宗教会，十八世纪下半叶多数路德与天主教家庭把子弟送往别处就读。

• The old university declined and was closed on 18 October 1818 by a cabinet order of Friedrich Wilhelm III, issued at the very moment the University of Bonn was being founded.老杜伊斯堡大学日渐衰落，并于 1818 年 10 月 18 日由腓特烈·威廉三世的内阁敕令关闭，其时正值波恩大学创立之际。

• Large parts of the Duisburg university library were relocated to Bonn to form the basis of the new Bonn library, and the ceremonial sceptre of the University of Duisburg was handed to Bonn, where it remains today.杜伊斯堡大学图书馆的很大一部分被迁往波恩，成为新建波恩图书馆的基础，杜伊斯堡大学的仪仗权杖亦移交波恩，至今仍在该地。

• Technical teaching returned to Duisburg in 1891, when the Rheinisch-Westfälische Hüttenschule was moved from Bochum to the city and later reorganised as a machinery and metallurgical school.工科教学于 1891 年重返杜伊斯堡，当年莱茵-威斯特法伦冶金学校从波鸿迁来，其后改组为机械与冶金学校。

• That engineering school was renamed the Public School of Engineering in 1938, keeping a technical tradition alive in Duisburg through the decades before the post-war university was rebuilt.该工程学校于 1938 年更名为公立工程学校，在战后大学重建前的数十年间延续了杜伊斯堡的工科传统。

• In 1960 a decision of the state government settled the teacher training college of Kettwig in Duisburg under the name Pedagogical University Ruhr, adding a training faculty to the city.1960 年州政府决定将凯特维格师范学校迁设杜伊斯堡，命名为鲁尔师范大学，为该市增添一所师资培训机构。

• The university was founded again in Duisburg in 1968, related to the old one and named the Comprehensive University of Duisburg, and it grew rapidly during the 1970s to about 15,000 students.1968 年大学在杜伊斯堡重建，承继老校并命名为杜伊斯堡综合大学，1970 年代迅速扩至约 1.5 万名学生。

• In 1971 the engineering school was renamed the University of Applied Sciences Duisburg, and in 1972 it was merged with the Pedagogical University Ruhr as further schools were relocated into the city.1971 年该工程学校改称杜伊斯堡应用科学大学，1972 年与鲁尔师范大学合并，其时又有更多学校迁入该市。

• In 1994 the Duisburg institution was renamed Gerhard Mercator University after the great cartographer, before taking its present form in the merger of 2003.1994 年，这座杜伊斯堡学府以伟大地图制图师之名改称格哈德·马克塔大学，并在 2003 年的合并中形成今日建制。

• The University of Essen was founded in 1972 as a comprehensive university of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, deliberately created within the structural transformation of the Ruhr from a coal and steel centre to a service economy.埃森大学于 1972 年作为北莱茵-威斯特法伦州综合大学创办，是有意在鲁尔地区由煤钢中心向服务经济转型的框架内设立的。

• The Essen campus was built as a complex of buildings around a green core on the northern edge of the city centre, on a formerly cleared part of the working-class district of Segeroth, now Essen-Nordviertel.埃森校园围绕城北边缘的一片绿色核心而建，选址在原工人社区塞格罗特已被清理的地块，即今日埃森北城区。

• By placing the university near the centre and distributing student dormitories through the city, the founders of 1972 aimed for close integration of academics into the urban population.通过把大学设于市中心附近并将学生宿舍分布全城，1972 年的创办者力求使学术人群与城市居民紧密融合。

• The Essen University Hospital traces back to the Essen Municipal Hospitals founded in 1909, transformed into a state hospital on 1 October 1963 and temporarily attached to the University of Münster as its second medical faculty.埃森大学医院可上溯到 1909 年创立的埃森市立医院，该院于 1963 年 10 月 1 日改为州立医院，并一度作为明斯特大学的第二医学院附属于该校。

• Medical teaching in Essen began in the winter semester of 1963-64, the hospital passed to the newly founded Ruhr University Bochum in 1967, and it became a founding component of the University of Essen with the second wave of new universities in 1972.埃森的医学教学始于 1963-64 冬季学期，医院于 1967 年移交新办的波鸿鲁尔大学，并在 1972 年第二波建校时成为埃森大学的创办组成部分。

• Essen was thus the only city in the Ruhr region and the only one of the newly founded universities of the 1970s to possess its own university hospital.因此埃森既是鲁尔地区唯一拥有大学医院的城市，也是 1970 年代新建大学中唯一附带大学医院的一所。

• The design department of the Folkwang University of the Arts was transferred to Essen in 1972 and returned to Folkwang in 2007, the year before that arts institution was renamed in 2010.福克旺艺术大学的设计学系 1972 年转入埃森，又于 2007 年回归福克旺，其时距该艺术机构 2010 年更名仅一年。

• The merger of the two universities was enacted into law on 18 December 2002 by the North Rhine-Westphalia state parliament, and Ministerial Director Heiner Kleffner was appointed founding commissioner.两校合并于 2002 年 12 月 18 日经北莱茵-威斯特法伦州议会立法确立，部务专员海纳·克莱夫纳被任命为建校专员。

• Although the rectorates first proposed the merger jointly to pool resources, the University of Essen rejected it in the final stage, and its lawsuits were dismissed by the Higher Administrative Court of Münster before the university opened on 1 January 2003.尽管两校校长室起初为整合资源共同提议合并，埃森大学却在最后阶段予以拒绝，其诉讼被明斯特高等行政法院驳回，大学最终于 2003 年 1 月 1 日开学。

• In March 2007 the universities of Bochum, Dortmund and Duisburg-Essen founded the University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr, now carrying more than 120,000 students and some 1,300 professors.2007 年 3 月，波鸿、多特蒙德与杜伊斯堡-埃森三校创立鲁尔都会大学联盟，如今拥有逾 12 万名学生与约 1,300 名教授。

• In May 2018 the three alliance members launched the Research Academy Ruhr, funded by the state and the Mercator Research Centre Ruhr with 800,000 euros over four years plus a further 1 million euros from the universities.2018 年 5 月，联盟三成员发起鲁尔研究员中心，由州政府与马克塔鲁尔研究中心在四年内资助 80 万欧元，三校另追加 100 万欧元。

Academics

• The university is organised into twelve faculties, covering art and design, biology and geography, chemistry, engineering, humanities, mathematics, medicine, physics and the social and economic sciences.全校编为十二个学院，涵盖艺术设计、生物与地理、化学、工程、人文、数学、医学、物理以及社会与经济科学。

• Within the economic sciences the Mercator School of Management operates as a distinct faculty of business administration, named after the same cartographer as the old Duisburg university.在经济科学之中，马克塔管理学院作为独立的工商管理学院运行，与老杜伊斯堡大学同以这位地图制图师命名。

• The Faculty of Engineering groups departments of building sciences, electrical engineering and information technology, mechanical and process engineering, and transport systems and logistics.工学院下设建筑科学、电气与信息工程、机械与过程工程以及运输系统与物流等学系。

• After the merger only medicine stayed concentrated at one site, the Essen University Hospital, while teacher training was gathered in Essen and physics moved to Duisburg.合并后仅医学集中于一处，即埃森大学医院，而师资培养收拢至埃森，物理学则迁往杜伊斯堡。

• By decision of the governing bodies sociology and political science kept the technical profile of the Duisburg campus, while civil engineering stayed at Essen and computer science and economics ran at both sites.按治校机构决定，社会学与政治学保留杜伊斯堡校区的工科特色，土木工程留在埃森，计算机科学与经济学则在两校区同时开设。

• Research is carried out in central institutes such as the Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen and the Interdisciplinary Center for Analytics on the Nanoscale, both tied to the strong physics and chemistry faculties.研究依托多个中心机构开展，如杜伊斯堡-埃森纳米集成中心与纳米尺度分析跨学科中心，二者都与强势的物理与化学学院相关联。

• The German-French Institute for Automation and Robotics and the Institute for Experimental Mathematics provide joint laboratories with French partners, while the Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging links medicine and physics.德法自动化与机器人研究所与实验数学研究所同法方伙伴共建实验室，而埃尔温·L·哈恩磁共振成像研究所则联结医学与物理。

• Among the humanities institutes are the Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities, the Institute of East Asian Studies and the Institute for Development and Peace, alongside the Salomon Ludwig Steinheim Institute for German-Jewish History.人文类机构包括人文高等研究所、东亚研究所与发展与和平研究所，以及所罗门·路德维希·施泰因海默德犹历史研究所。

• The NRW School of Governance, founded in 2006 under Karl-Rudolf Korte, runs master's and doctoral programmes in political management and public policy within the Institute for Political Science.北威州治理学院于 2006 年在卡尔-鲁道夫·科特主持下创立，在政治学研究所内开设政治管理与公共政策的硕士与博士项目。

• Associated institutes include paluno, the Ruhr Institute for Software Technology, the Development Centre for Ship Technology and Transport Systems, and the Centre for Fuel Cell Technology near the Duisburg port.挂靠机构包括鲁尔软件技术研究所、船舶技术与运输系统开发中心，以及临近杜伊斯堡港的燃料电池技术中心。

• Further applied research partners such as the German Textile Research Centre North-west, the Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology and the IWW Water Centre extend the university's industrial reach.另有德国西北纺织研究中心、能源与环境技术研究所与 IWW 水中心等应用研究伙伴，延伸了学校的工业触角。

• The university hosts a Confucius Institute, an arrangement consistent with its large cohort of Chinese students, the biggest of any German university by 2018.学校设有孔子学院，这一安排与其庞大的中国学生群体相符，到 2018 年该校在德的中国留学生居全国高校之首。

• On the international front the university takes part in the Erasmus programme and the AURORA network of European universities, and belongs to the IS:link exchange network for information systems.在国际层面，学校参与伊拉斯谟计划与欧洲大学 AURORA 网络，并加入面向信息系统的国际学生交换网络。

• Through the University Alliance Metropolis Ruhr it runs liaison offices in Moscow, New York City and São Paulo, each responsible for academic exchange on its own continent.经由鲁尔都会大学联盟，学校在莫斯科、纽约和圣保罗设联络处，分别负责本大洲的学术交往。

• It also offers the internationally oriented doctoral programme ARUS, Advanced Research in Urban Systems, built on the joint centre for urban systems.学校另提供面向国际的博士项目 ARUS，即城市系统前沿研究，以城市系统联合中心为基础。

• Since 2014 the university's research income has risen by 150 percent, a quantified indicator of the growth in its scientific output over the past decade.自 2014 年以来，该校科研经费增长了 150%，是过去十年科研产出扩张的可量化指标。

• Natural sciences and engineering are ranked within the top 10 in Germany, and physics in particular is placed at the top of the national field.自然科学与工程学被列在德国前十，其中物理学尤其位列全国第一。

• The humanities are placed within the German top 20 to 30, giving the merged university a broad profile across technical and cultural disciplines alike.人文学科列在德国前 20 至 30 名之间，使这所合并大学在工科与文科上都有完整布局。

• With twelve faculties and roughly 40,000 students the university stands among the ten largest in Germany, an institutional scale matched by its breadth of degree programmes.该校有十二个学院、约 4 万名学生，居德国十强之列，其机构规模与其学位专业的广度相称。

• One of the founding reform ideas that did take effect was opening the university to graduates of second-chance education programmes, many thousands of whom earned degrees in Essen with results comparable to school-leavers.少数真正落地的创办期改革理念之一，是向“第二次机会”教育项目的结业者开放，数千人凭此在埃森取得学位，其成绩与普通高中毕业生相当。

Campus

• The university has two main campus locations, one in Duisburg and one in Essen, linked by an hourly shuttle bus so that students studying subjects offered at both sites can commute between them.学校设杜伊斯堡与埃森两个主校区，以每小时一班的班车相连，使在两校区都开专业的学生得以往返。

• The Essen campus was designed around a green core on the northern edge of the city, with student dormitories distributed through the wider city to integrate academics with residents.埃森校园围绕城北边缘的一片绿地设计，学生宿舍散布全城，以促成学术人群与市民的融合。

• The University Hospital Essen lies in the Holsterhausen district and serves as the single concentrated home of medicine within the merged university.埃森大学医院位于霍尔斯特豪森区，是合并大学中医学唯一集中的所在地。

• On the Essen side the former University of Education in Rüttenscheid and the mechanical-engineering site on Schützenbahn were integrated, though the last structures of the old training college have been demolished.在埃森一侧，吕特恩沙伊德的旧教育学院与舒岑巴恩的机械校址被并入，不过旧师范机构的最后建筑已被拆除。

• The former civil-engineering site in the Moltkeviertel at Moltkestraße is no longer used by the university and instead houses a vocational college run by the city of Essen.埃森莫尔克菲特尔的莫尔克街旧土木校址已不再由学校使用，现归市政府办的一所职业学校。

• The university library is represented at both locations, and its holdings are distributed across six specialised branch libraries rather than a single central building.大学图书馆在两处均设馆，其藏书分布于六个专业分馆，而非集中于单一馆舍。

• Formally the university has no registered office, since the state left the question of a headquarters city unsettled at the merger in 2002.学校名义上没有登记总部，因为 2002 年合并在建制之初并未确定哪座城市作为校址总部。

• The university keeps the Botanischer Garten der Universität Duisburg-Essen, a botanical garden on the Essen campus that serves biology and geography teaching.学校设有杜伊斯堡-埃森大学植物园，位于埃森校区，服务于生物与地理教学。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Duisburg-Essen is placed in the 801-850 band worldwide, the position for which this bilingual entry is written.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，杜伊斯堡-埃森大学被列入全球第 801-850 位区间，本双语条目即据此档位收录。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university at 292 in the world, by far its best position among the current tables.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名把该校列在全球第 292 位，是其在现行各榜中最靠前的一处名次。

• In the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities ranking the university stands at 314 in the world, close to its Times Higher Education position of the same period.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列世界第 314 位，与同期泰晤士高等教育名次接近。

• The 2026 Shanghai Ranking, the Academic Ranking of World Universities, carries the university in the 301-400 band, a stronger showing than its QS position.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名把该校列入第 301-400 位区间，比其 QS 名次更靠前。

• Earlier editions already showed this spread: the QS table for 2024 placed the university at 771-780, while the 2023 Times Higher Education ranking had it at 251-300 and the 2023 Shanghai Ranking at 301-400.往届榜单已显示出这种差异：2024 年 QS 将该校列在 771-780，2023 年泰晤士高等教育列 251-300，2023 年软科列 301-400。

• On the discipline side natural sciences and engineering rank within the German top 10 and physics is placed at the top of the country, while the humanities sit in the German top 20 to 30.在学科维度上，自然科学与工程列德国前十，物理居全国之首，而人文学科位于德国前 20 至 30 名。

• Because no OpenAlex citation count is published for the university, measurable research scale rests on other figures, namely research income up 150 percent since 2014, twelve faculties and about 40,000 students.由于没有公开的 OpenAlex 引用计数，可计量的科研规模只能取其他数字，即自 2014 年以来增长 150% 的科研经费、十二个学院与约 4 万名学生。

• Measured by the number of top managers in the German economy the university ranked 15th in 2019, and the Centrum für Hochschulentwicklung placed physics, biology, computer science, mathematics, medicine and sports among Germany's top ranks in May 2018.以德国企业高层管理者人数衡量，该校在 2019 年列第 15 位，高等教育发展中心则在 2018 年 5 月把物理、生物、计算机、数学、医学与体育列为德国前列。

• For hard honours the university counts Nobel-level affiliations, notably the biologist Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard, a winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine who held the Mercator-Professur in 2008, and no Turing or Fields medals are recorded.就硬荣誉而言，学校拥有诺奖级人物关联，尤其是曾获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的生物学家克里斯蒂安娜·尼斯莱因-福尔哈尔，她于 2008 年获马克塔讲席，而未见图灵奖或菲尔兹奖记录。

Student life

• Because subjects are split between two cities, students whose programmes run at both Duisburg and Essen rely on the hourly shuttle bus, making commuting a routine part of student life.由于专业分散在两座城市，课程同时在杜伊斯堡与埃森开设的学生依赖每小时一班的班车，通勤因此成为学生生活的日常。

• International students make up about 16 percent of the whole, and by 2018 the university had the largest number of Chinese international students of any German university.国际学生约占全校 16%，到 2018 年该校在德的中国留学生人数居全德高校之首。

• The majority of these internationally mobile students are enrolled as engineering or economics majors, so the international community clusters around those faculties.这些流动学生多数就读工科或经济类专业，国际群体因此集中于这些学院。

• Student dormitories are distributed throughout the city of Essen rather than gathered in one residential quarter, a deliberate legacy of the integration aims of the 1972 founding.学生宿舍散布在埃森全城而非集中于一个住宅区，这是 1972 年建校融合目标留下的刻意安排。

• Adult students from second-chance education programmes form a distinctive part of the community, a reform that the university considers one of the few founding ideas actually realised.来自“第二次机会”教育项目的成人学生构成群体的独特部分，校方认为这是创办理念中少数真正落地的改革之一。

• The university was the first in Germany, and for a long time the only one, to bring contemporary authors to campus as poets in residence on the American model, beginning with Martin Walser in 1975.该校是德国最早、也曾长期是唯一仿照美国模式把当代作家延聘为驻校诗人的大学，始于 1975 年的马丁·瓦尔泽。

• Through the Research Academy Ruhr, launched in May 2018, young scientists across the three alliance universities gain a shared programme for their development and support.借助 2018 年 5 月启动的鲁尔研究员中心，联盟三校的青年科学家获得共用的培养与支持项目。

• Exchange stays are organised through the Erasmus programme and the AURORA network, giving students routes to partner universities across Europe.交换学习经伊拉斯谟计划与 AURORA 网络组织，为学生提供了通往欧洲各伙伴大学的通道。

Notable people

• The university awards the Mercator-Professur to individuals known for social and scientific engagement, a named honour that has brought statesmen, scientists and writers to its platform.学校向因社会与科学贡献著称的人物授予马克塔讲席，这一具名荣誉使政治家、科学家与作家登上其讲坛。

• Among its Mercator professors have been Hans-Dietrich Genscher, the former foreign minister and vice-chancellor of Germany, in 1997 and Richard von Weizsäcker, former President of the Federal Republic, in 2005.其马克塔讲座教授中，有 1997 年的德国外长兼副总理汉斯-迪特里希·根舍，以及 2005 年的联邦共和国前总统里夏德·冯·魏茨泽克。

• Joachim Gauck, former President of Germany, received the professorship in 2018, following the biologist and Nobel laureate Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard of 2008 and the journalist Peter Scholl-Latour of 2009.德国前总统约阿希姆·高克于 2018 年获此讲席，此前有 2008 年的生物学家、诺奖得主克里斯蒂安娜·尼斯莱因-福尔哈尔与 2009 年的记者彼得·肖尔-拉图尔。

• Business figures have also been honoured, including Götz Werner, founder of the dm-drogerie markt chain, who took the Mercator-Professur in 2015.工商界人物亦曾获此荣衔，其中包括 dm 药妆连锁创始人格茨·维尔纳，他于 2015 年获授马克塔讲席。

• The alumni include Hannelore Kraft, the politician who served as Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia, and Moritz Körner, born 1990, a member of the European Parliament.校友中有曾任北莱茵-威斯特法伦州州长的政治家哈内洛雷·克拉夫特，以及 1990 年出生的欧洲议会议员莫里茨·克尔纳。

• Among other alumni are the photographer Andreas Gursky, the car designer Gorden Wagener, chief design officer of Daimler AG, and the cabaret artist Dieter Nuhr.其他校友还包括摄影师安德烈亚斯·古尔斯基、任戴姆勒股份公司首席设计官的汽车设计师戈登·瓦格纳，以及讽刺演员迪特·努尔。

• Its poets in residence include Nobel literature laureate Günter Grass, alongside Martin Walser, Jurek Becker, Wolfang…其驻校诗人包括诺贝尔文学奖得主君特·格拉斯，以及马丁·瓦尔泽、尤列克·贝克尔等作家。

• The leadership of the merged university passed from founding commissioner Heiner Kleffner in 2003 to founding rector Lothar Zechlin, then to Ulrich Radtke from 2008, and to Barbara Albert from April 2022.合并大学的治校者从 2003 年的建校专员海纳·克莱夫纳，到创校校长洛塔尔·采希林，再到 2008 年起的乌尔里希·拉德特基，以及 2022 年 4 月起的芭芭拉·阿尔特。