University of Delaware

The University of Delaware, usually shortened to UD, is a privately governed, state-assisted land-grant research university in Newark, Delaware, United States, and it is the largest university in the state by enrolment, as well as one of the oldest universities in the United States.特拉华大学（University of Delaware，简称 UD）是位于美国特拉华州纽瓦克的一所私立治理、州府资助的赠地研究型大学，也是该州入学人数最多的大学。

Traceable to a Free School opened in 1743 and renamed the University of Delaware in 1921, it enrols 24,221 students across ten colleges and schools and is classified among R1 doctoral universities.该校可追溯至 1743 年创办的一所自由学校，1921 年更名为特拉华大学，现有十个学院、在校学生 24,221 人，并被列为 R1 级博士型大学。

In the QS World University Rankings 2027 Delaware is placed 575th globally, Times Higher Education 2027 lists it in the 451-500 band, ARWU 2026 in the 201-300 band and U.S. News 2026-2027 ranks it 466th.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，特拉华大学位列全球第 575 位，2027 年泰晤士高等教育排名将其列于 451 至 500 区间，2026 年软科排名列于 201 至 300 区间，2026 至 2027 年美国新闻排名列第 466 位。

History

• The University of Delaware traces its origins to 1743, when the Presbyterian minister Francis Alison opened a Free School in his own home in New London, Pennsylvania, under the Philadelphia Synod of the Presbyterian Church.特拉华大学的历史可追溯至 1743 年，长老会牧师弗朗西斯·阿里森（Francis Alison）在宾夕法尼亚州新伦敦的家中开办了一所自由学校。
• Alison's first class included Thomas McKean, George Read and James Smith, who signed the Declaration of Independence, and Read also signed the United States Constitution.阿里森的首届学生包括托马斯·麦基恩、乔治·里德与詹姆斯·史密斯，三人签署了《独立宣言》，里德还签署了美国宪法。
• The school moved to Newark by 1765 and received a charter from the colonial Penn government as the Academy of Newark in 1769.学校于 1765 年前迁至纽瓦克，并于 1769 年获得宾夕法尼亚殖民地政府颁发的特许状，定名纽瓦克学院（Academy of Newark）。
• In 1818 the Delaware legislature authorised the trustees to run a lottery to raise funds for a college, but commencement was delayed until 1825 on moral objections from several trustees.1818 年，特拉华州议会授权董事会发行彩票以筹措建校资金，但因部分董事以道德为由反对，彩票迟至 1825 年才启动。
• In 1832 the trustees selected the college site, and in February 1833 the Delaware legislature incorporated Newark College with the power to confer degrees in languages, arts and sciences.1832 年，董事会选定校址；1833 年 2 月，州议会批准成立纽瓦克学院，并授予其在语言、艺术与科学领域颁授学位的权力。
• Newark College began operations on 8 May 1834 in the building now called Old College, with a collegiate department and a preparatory academic department.纽瓦克学院于 1834 年 5 月 8 日开学，校址即今称「老学院」（Old College）的建筑，设有大学部与预科部。
• In 1843 the name of the college was changed to Delaware College, a title it kept until the twentieth century.1843 年，学院更名为特拉华学院（Delaware College），这一名称一直沿用到 20 世纪。
• After a student fracas in 1858 resulted in the death of a student, the college suspended operations in 1859, although the attached academy continued to operate.1858 年一场学生斗殴导致一名学生死亡，学院遂于 1859 年停办，而附属的预科学校仍继续运作。
• On 12 January 1869 the trustees signed an agreement making Delaware College the state's land-grant institution under the Morrill Land-Grant College Act.1869 年 1 月 12 日，董事会签署协议，依《莫里尔赠地学院法》使特拉华学院成为该州的赠地院校。
• The Morrill Land-Grant College Act granted Delaware the title to 90,000 acres in Montana, which the state sold and invested in bonds to fund the college.《莫里尔赠地学院法》授予特拉华州蒙大拿境内 90,000 英亩土地的所有权，州政府将其出售并以所得购买债券来资助学院。
• Delaware College reopened in 1870, offering classical, scientific and agricultural courses of study, and admitted women between 1872 and 1885, after which the college closed admissions to women for several decades.特拉华学院于 1870 年重新开张，提供古典、科学与农业课程，并在 1872 至 1885 年间招收女生。
• In 1887 the Hatch Act provided funding for an agricultural experiment station, and in 1890 the college bought nine acres of land for an experimental farm beside the campus.1887 年《哈奇法》为农业实验站提供经费，1890 年学院又购入九英亩土地，在校园旁设立实验农场。
• In 1889 the first football game involving a team representing the college was played, and blue and gold were adopted as the school colours in the same year.1889 年，代表学院的首场橄榄球比赛举行，同年蓝与金被定为校色。
• In 1891 the college received state appropriations for new buildings, including Recitation Hall, designed by the Philadelphia architect Frank Furness.1891 年，学院获得州政府拨款兴建新楼，其中包括由费城建筑师弗兰克·弗内斯（Frank Furness）设计的讲习堂（Recitation Hall）。
• In 1914 the Women's College of Delaware opened on an adjoining campus, offering women degrees in home economics, education and arts and sciences.1914 年，特拉华女子学院在相邻校区开办，为女性提供家政、教育与文理学科的学位。
• In 1921 Delaware College was renamed the University of Delaware, and it became officially coeducational in 1945 when it merged with the Women's College.1921 年，特拉华学院更名为特拉华大学，并于 1945 年与女子学院合并，正式成为男女同校的大学。
• After World War II enrolment skyrocketed thanks to the G.I. Bill, and in the late 1940s almost two-thirds of the students were returning veterans.第二次世界大战后，得益于《退伍军人权利法案》，学校招生激增，20 世纪 40 年代末近三分之二的学生为退伍军人。
• In 1923 Professor Raymond Watson Kirkbride took eight students to Paris, beginning the first formal for-credit study-abroad programme at an American university.1923 年，雷蒙德·华生·柯克布莱德（Raymond Watson Kirkbride）教授带领八名学生前往巴黎，开创了美国大学首个正式的计学分海外学习项目。
• In 1972 Karl Boer established the Institute of Energy Conversion at the university, the oldest solar energy research institute in the world.1972 年，卡尔·博尔（Karl Boer）在该校创办能源转换研究所，这是全球历史最悠久的太阳能研究机构。
• On 23 October 2009 the university bought a shuttered Chrysler assembly plant for 24.25 million dollars, developing the 272-acre Science, Technology and Advanced Research Campus.2009 年 10 月 23 日，该校以 2,425 万美元购入一座停产的克莱斯勒装配厂，将其开发为占地 272 英亩的「科学、技术与高级研究校区」（STAR 校区）。
• In 2020 the university opened the Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center on the STAR Campus, where Chemours also opened its Discovery Hub.2020 年，该校在 STAR 校区启用阿蒙·皮尼佐托生物制药创新中心，科慕公司（Chemours）亦在其上设立「探索中心」。
• The Delaware First campaign, launched in November 2017, concluded in June 2023 having raised more than 1.05 billion dollars from 113,402 supporters.2017 年 11 月启动的「特拉华优先」筹款活动于 2023 年 6 月结束，共从 113,402 名支持者处筹得逾 10.5 亿美元。

Academics

• UD offers 163 bachelor's programmes, 136 master's programmes, 64 doctoral programmes and four associate programmes across its ten colleges and schools.特拉华大学通过十个学院与学校开设 163 个本科项目、136 个硕士项目、64 个博士项目以及 4 个副学士项目。
• The colleges include Arts and Sciences, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Engineering, Health Sciences, Earth, Ocean and Environment, and Education and Human Development.其学院包括文理学院、农业与自然资源学院、工程学院、健康科学学院、地球海洋与环境学院，以及教育与人类发展学院。
• The university also has the Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics, a School of Music, a School of Nursing, a Graduate College and an Honors College.该校还设有阿尔弗雷德·勒纳商学院、音乐学院、护理学院、研究生院与荣誉学院。
• The Joseph R. Biden, Jr. School of Public Policy and Administration completes the ten units and is named after the alumnus who became the 46th president of the United States.约瑟夫·拜登公共政策与行政学院是十个学院中的最后一个，以后来成为美国第 46 任总统的校友命名。
• With 24,221 students in fall 2023, UD is the largest university in Delaware by enrolment and is classified among R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity.2023 年秋季，该校在校学生 24,221 人，是特拉华州入学人数最多的大学，并被列为研究活动极高的 R1 级博士型大学。
• The College of Arts and Sciences is the largest unit, with 23 departments, 6,358 undergraduates, 1,132 graduate students and more than 600 faculty as of fall 2019.文理学院是最大的组成单位，截至 2019 年秋季设有 23 个系，拥有 6,358 名本科生、1,132 名研究生与逾 600 名教师。
• The College of Engineering has seven departments, 177 full-time faculty, 2,492 undergraduates and 927 graduate students as of fall 2019.截至 2019 年秋季，工程学院设有 7 个系，拥有 177 名全职教师、2,492 名本科生与 927 名研究生。
• The Alfred Lerner College of Business and Economics spans seven departments with 3,368 undergraduates, 872 graduate students and 209 faculty in 2019.阿尔弗雷德·勒纳商学院下设 7 个系，2019 年拥有 3,368 名本科生、872 名研究生与 209 名教职员。
• The College of Earth, Ocean and Environment includes the School of Marine Science and Policy and offers over nine undergraduate majors and 17 graduate degrees.地球海洋与环境学院下设海洋科学与政策学院，开设九个以上的本科专业与 17 个研究生学位项目。
• The College of Health Sciences has seven departments and offers undergraduate degrees in applied molecular biology, exercise science, medical diagnostics and nutrition.健康科学学院设有七个系，提供应用分子生物学、运动科学、医学诊断与营养学等本科学位。
• The first UD doctoral programmes, in chemical engineering and chemistry, were approved in 1946, and the first doctorate was awarded in 1948.特拉华大学最早的博士项目为化学工程与化学，于 1946 年获批，1948 年授予了首个博士学位。
• More than 3,600 graduate students are enrolled, and the university offers more than 200 graduate and professional degree programmes.该校现有逾 3,600 名研究生在读，开设 200 多个研究生与专业学位项目。
• According to the National Science Foundation, UD spent 186 million dollars on research and development in 2018, ranking it 119th in the nation.据美国国家科学基金会资料，特拉华大学 2018 年的研发支出为 1.86 亿美元，位居全美第 119 名。
• The Institute of Energy Conversion is one of the few laboratories with expertise in silicon, cadmium telluride and copper indium diselenide based solar cells.能源转换研究所是全球少数在硅、碲化镉与铜铟硒薄膜太阳能电池方面具备专长的实验室之一。
• The Delaware Environmental Institute, launched on 23 October 2009, integrates environmental science, engineering and policy across the university.2009 年 10 月 23 日启动的特拉华环境研究所，把校内的环境科学、工程与政策整合起来。
• The John L. Weinberg Center for Corporate Governance was established in 2000 at the business college to study corporate structure and management.约翰·温伯格公司治理中心于 2000 年在商学院成立，研究公司结构与治理问题。
• In February 2017 the Joseph R. Biden, Jr. Institute was created at the School of Public Policy and Administration, named after alumnus Joe Biden.2017 年 2 月，约瑟夫·拜登研究所在公共政策与行政学院成立，以校友乔·拜登命名。
• UD was the first American university with a formal for-credit study-abroad programme, now covering more than 40 countries and used by about a third of undergraduates.特拉华大学是美国首个开设正式计学分海外学习项目的大学，该项目如今覆盖 40 多个国家，约三分之一本科生参与。
• For the Class of 2028, enrolled in fall 2024, the university received 37,472 applications and accepted 23,818, a rate of 63.5 percent, with a yield of 18.7 percent.2024 年秋季入学的 2028 届，学校共收到 37,472 份申请，录取 23,818 人，录取率 63.5%，报到率为 18.7%。
• The university is need-blind for domestic applicants, and its freshman retention rate is 91.5 percent with 83.6 percent graduating within six years.该校对本国申请者采取「不看经济需求」政策，大一学生保留率为 91.5%，六年内毕业率为 83.6%。

Campus

• The main campus in Newark is divided into Main, Laird and South campuses plus the Delaware Technology Park, and it is centred on a north-south axis between South College Avenue and Academy Street.纽瓦克主校区分为主校园、莱尔德（Laird）校园与南校园三部分，另有特拉华科技园，整体沿南北向中轴展开。
• Main Campus centres on Memorial Hall, which once divided the Women's College from Delaware College, around a large green known as The Green or The Mall.主校园以纪念堂（Memorial Hall）为中心，该堂曾隔开女子学院与特拉华学院，其周边是一片称为「绿地」或「林荫道」的大型草坪。
• The campus buildings follow a cohesive Georgian design aesthetic although they were built over the course of more than a century.校园建筑虽历经一个多世纪陆续建成，却保持着统一的乔治亚式审美风格。
• Laird Campus is primarily residential, with residence halls named after George Read, Thomas McKean and James Smith, and one named Independence Hall.莱尔德校园以住宿为主，其宿舍楼以乔治·里德、托马斯·麦基恩与詹姆斯·史密斯命名，另有一座名为「独立厅」。
• South Campus holds the agricultural school, the sports stadiums including Delaware Stadium and the Bob Carpenter Center, and the STAR Campus.南校园容纳农学院、包括特拉华体育场与鲍勃·卡彭特中心在内的体育场馆群，以及 STAR 校区。
• Old College, begun in 1832 and 1833, is the oldest building on campus, and Recitation Hall was designed in 1891 by the Philadelphia architect Frank Furness.1832 至 1833 年动工的老学院是校园最古老的建筑，讲习堂则由费城建筑师弗兰克·弗内斯于 1891 年设计。
• Marian Cruger Coffin served as the university's landscape architect from 1918 to 1952, linking the men's and women's campuses with Magnolia Circle.玛丽安·克鲁格·科芬（Marian Cruger Coffin）在 1918 至 1952 年间担任该校景观设计师，用「玉兰环」（Magnolia Circle）把男校与女校两个校区连成一体。
• The STAR Campus occupies 272 acres on a former Chrysler plant and hosts UD's College of Health Sciences and the National Institute for Innovation in Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals.STAR 校区占地 272 英亩，位于原克莱斯勒工厂地块之上，容纳特拉华大学健康科学学院与全国生物制药制造创新研究所。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Delaware is placed 575th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，特拉华大学位列全球第 575 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place Delaware in the 451-500 band globally.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将特拉华大学列入全球 451 至 500 区间。
• The Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 places the university in the 201-300 band, its highest placement among the four major tables.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名将该校列入 201 至 300 区间，这是它四大榜单中最好的名次。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities edition of 2026-2027 ranks Delaware 466th in the world.在 2026 至 2027 年版美国新闻最佳全球大学排名中，特拉华大学位列世界第 466 位。
• In U.S. News and World Report's 2023 global ranking the university was placed 352nd, tied with other institutions.在美国新闻与世界报道 2023 年全球排名中，该校位列第 352 位（并列）。
• U.S. News ranked Delaware's undergraduate chemical engineering programme seventh in the country for 2021 and the graduate programme eighth for 2022.美国新闻将特拉华大学本科化学工程专业列为 2021 年全美第七，研究生专业列为 2022 年全美第八。
• U.S. News ranked the university's engineering graduate programme 47th for 2022 and the undergraduate engineering programme 53rd for 2021.美国新闻将该校工程研究生项目列为 2022 年第 47 位，本科工程项目列为 2021 年第 53 位。
• UD is a land-grant, sea-grant and space-grant university and a member of the R1 doctoral universities with very high research activity, awarding degrees at the associate, bachelor's, master's and doctoral levels.特拉华大学是一所赠地、赠海、赠太空院校，也是研究活动极高的 R1 级博士型大学成员。
• The Delaware First fundraising campaign raised more than 1.05 billion dollars, the largest philanthropic campaign in UD history.「特拉华优先」筹款活动共募集逾 10.5 亿美元，是特拉华大学历史上最大规模的慈善筹款。
• The university is need-blind for domestic applicants, and 10 percent of its fiscal year 2020 revenue came from government grants while tuition and fees supplied 57 percent.该校对本国申请者采取不看经济需求的政策，其 2020 财年收入中 10% 来自政府拨款，而学费与杂费占 57%。

Student life

• The university's motto is Scientia sol mentis est, Latin for knowledge is the light of the mind, and its colours are Delaware blue and gold, the motto appearing on the university seal beneath an open book.该校校训为「Scientia sol mentis est」，拉丁文意为「知识是心灵之光」，校色为特拉华蓝与金色。
• The athletic teams are known as the Fightin' Blue Hens, with a mascot named YoUDee, a Blue Hen chicken that entered the mascot hall of fame in 2006.该校运动队被称为「战斗蓝母鸡」（Fightin' Blue Hens），吉祥物名为 YoUDee，是一只蓝母鸡，于 2006 年入选吉祥物名人堂。
• UD sponsors 21 varsity sports in NCAA Division I and belonged to the Coastal Athletic Association from 2001 before joining Conference USA for 2025-26.特拉华大学设有 21 支 NCAA 一级联赛校队，自 2001 年起隶属海岸体育协会，并将在 2025 至 2026 赛季转入美国联盟（Conference USA）。
• The university has a marching band of 300 to 350 members, more than 300 student organisations and a campus emergency medical service run by student volunteers.该校有 300 至 350 人的行进乐队、逾 300 个学生社团，以及由学生志愿者运营的校园急救服务。
• The Delaware Fight Song first appeared in the Student Handbook in 1933 and was composed by alumnus George F. Kelly of the Class of 1915.《特拉华校歌》（The Delaware Fight Song）最早出现于 1933 年的学生手册，由 1915 届校友乔治·凯利（George F. Kelly）谱写。
• Two student publications, The Review and UDress, and the student radio station WVUD on 91.3 FM serve the campus community.两份学生刊物《The Review》与《UDress》，以及调频 91.3 兆赫的学生电台 WVUD，共同服务校园社群。
• Approximately 30 percent of undergraduates are affiliated with a fraternity or sorority, with more than 29 fraternities and 20 sororities on campus.约 30% 的本科生加入兄弟会或姐妹会，校园内共有 29 个以上兄弟会与 20 个姐妹会。
• UD's chorale won the Grand Prix at the Tallinn International Choral Festival in Estonia in 2007, scoring higher than 40 other choirs from around the world.2007 年，特拉华大学合唱团在爱沙尼亚塔林国际合唱节上夺得大奖，得分高于来自世界各地的其他 40 支合唱团。
• Since 2007 UD and Delaware State University have contested the Route 1 Rivalry, playing eleven games between 2007 and 2022.自 2007 年起，特拉华大学与特拉华州立大学之间展开「一号公路德比」（Route 1 Rivalry），2007 至 2022 年间共交手十一次。
• The Bob Carpenter Center and the Bob Hannah Stadium host major athletic events, while the Trabant University Center and Perkins Student Center are the social hubs of campus.鲍勃·卡彭特中心与鲍勃·汉纳体育场承办大型体育赛事，而特拉班特大学中心与珀金斯学生中心则是校园的社交枢纽。

Notable people

• Francis Alison, a Presbyterian minister, founded the Free School in 1743 that grew into the University of Delaware.长老会牧师弗朗西斯·阿里森于 1743 年创办自由学校，该校后来发展为特拉华大学。
• Thomas McKean, George Read and James Smith, members of Francis Alison's first class, signed the Declaration of Independence.弗朗西斯·阿里森首届学生中的托马斯·麦基恩、乔治·里德与詹姆斯·史密斯，都签署了《独立宣言》。
• Joe Biden, the 46th president of the United States, earned a bachelor's degree at Delaware in 1965, and Jill Biden, the First Lady, graduated in 1976, and both have remained closely associated with their alma mater.美国第 46 任总统乔·拜登于 1965 年在特拉华大学取得学士学位，第一夫人吉尔·拜登则于 1976 年毕业。
• Daniel Nathans, a microbiologist, earned a bachelor's degree at UD in 1950 and shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.微生物学家丹尼尔·纳森斯（Daniel Nathans）于 1950 年在特拉华大学取得学士学位，并分享了 1978 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Richard F. Heck, an organic chemist, was a professor at the university and shared the 2010 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for palladium-catalysed cross-coupling.有机化学家理查德·赫克（Richard F. Heck）曾任该校教授，因钯催化交叉偶联反应分享了 2010 年诺贝尔化学奖。
• Chris Christie, a former governor of New Jersey, graduated from the university in 1984.新泽西州前州长克里斯·克里斯蒂（Chris Christie）于 1984 年毕业于该校。
• Wang Xing, founder and chief executive of the group-buying platform Meituan, is a Chinese alumnus of the university.团购平台美团的创办人兼首席执行官王兴，是该校的华人校友。
• Louise Mushikiwabo, secretary-general of La Francophonie and a former foreign minister of Rwanda, earned a master's degree at UD in 1988.法语国家国际组织秘书长、卢旺达前外交部长路易丝·穆希基瓦博（Louise Mushikiwabo）于 1988 年在特拉华大学取得硕士学位。
• David Plouffe, a political strategist who managed Barack Obama's 2008 presidential campaign, graduated from the university.曾主导巴拉克·奥巴马 2008 年总统竞选的政治策略师大卫·普劳夫（David Plouffe）毕业于该校。
• James W. Wagner, a former president of Emory University, and Sam Glasscock III, a vice chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery, are alumni.埃默里大学前校长詹姆斯·瓦格纳（James W. Wagner）与特拉华州衡平法院副院长萨姆·格拉斯科克三世（Sam Glasscock III）均为校友。
• Joe Flacco, the Most Valuable Player of Super Bowl XLVII, and Rich Gannon, the 2002 NFL MVP, played for the Delaware Blue Hens.第四十七届超级碗最有价值球员乔·弗拉科（Joe Flacco）与 2002 年美国职业橄榄球最有价值球员里奇·甘农（Rich Gannon），都曾为特拉华蓝母鸡队效力。
• Matt Nagy, a former head coach of the Chicago Bears, and Steve Schmidt, a political strategist, are also alumni of the university.芝加哥熊队前主教练马特·纳吉（Matt Nagy）与政治策略师史蒂夫·施密特（Steve Schmidt）亦是该校校友。