University of Debrecen

The University of Debrecen (Hungarian: Debreceni Egyetem) is a public research university in the city of Debrecen in eastern Hungary, and its teaching lineage reaches back to 1538, making it the oldest continuously operating institution of higher education in the country.德布勒森大学（匈牙利语 Debreceni Egyetem）是匈牙利东部城市德布勒森的一所公立研究型大学，其教学渊源可上溯至 1538 年，是匈牙利学脉延续最久的高等教育机构。

It took its present institutional form on 1 January 2000, when the University of Agriculture, Lajos Kossuth University and the Medical University were merged, and it now organises its teaching through thirteen faculties.现有建制于 2000 年 1 月 1 日重组而成，当日农业大学、科苏特·拉约什大学与医科大学三校合并，如今通过 13 个学院组织教学。

In the 2025/26 statistics the university enrolled more than 34,000 students, among them over 7,800 international students drawn from 140 countries, while the QS World University Rankings 2027 place the institution at 600th.按 2025/26 学年统计，在校生逾 34000 人，其中国际学生 7800 余人、来自 140 个国家，在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中列第 600 位。

History

• Higher education in Debrecen began with the Calvinist College of Debrecen, founded in 1538, which over the following centuries grew into one of the key institutions of Hungarian learning and Reformed Church training.德布勒森的高等教育始于 1538 年创办的德布勒森加尔文学院，此后数百年间它成长为匈牙利学术与加尔文宗神学教育的重镇之一。

• For most of its existence the Debrecen college was the chief school of the Hungarian Reformed Church, training ministers, teachers and public officials for the eastern counties.在其存在的大部分时间里，德布勒森学院是匈牙利加尔文宗的首要学府，为东部各州培养牧师、教师与公职人员。

• In 1908 the Calvinist Academy of Humanities was created, and in 1912 the Hungarian Royal University was founded by statute, as the old college was transformed into a modern university with state recognition.1908 年加尔文人文学术院设立，1912 年依律令创办匈牙利皇家大学，旧日学院由此被改造为一所获国家承认的现代大学。

• The new royal university absorbed the theology, law and arts faculties of the college and added a medical school, from which the institution's health-science tradition descends to the present day.新的皇家大学吸收了学院的神学、法学与文学部，并增设医学院，其健康科学的传统由此延续至今。

• Teaching in the royal university began in 1914 in the old Calvinist College buildings, because purpose-built premises for the new university did not yet exist in Debrecen.皇家大学的教学于 1914 年在旧加尔文学院校舍内开始，因为当时德布勒森尚无专为新大学修建的校舍。

• The first purpose-built medical school building opened in 1918, and the original medical school campus was completed in 1927, establishing medicine as the university's earliest full faculty.第一座专建的医学院大楼于 1918 年启用，原有医学院校区则于 1927 年建成，医学由此成为该校最早的完整学院。

• In 1921 the university took the name of István Tisza, the former Hungarian prime minister assassinated in 1918, and it carried that name until 1949.1921 年学校冠以伊什特万·蒂萨之名，这位前匈牙利总理于 1918 年遇刺身亡，该名沿用至 1949 年。

• The university's main building was completed in 1932 in eclectic and neo-baroque style and remains to this day the largest single building in the city of Debrecen.学校主楼于 1932 年落成，为折衷主义与新巴洛克风格，至今仍是德布勒森市内最大的单体建筑。

• For the new campus the city granted 112 acres of land in the Great Forest and contributed first five then a further three million golden koronas toward the cost of construction.为兴建新校区，市府在大森林拨出 112 英亩土地，并先后捐助 500 万与 300 万金克朗以贴补营建费用。

• In 1949 and 1950 the university was restructured under communist rule: the Faculty of Theology returned to the Reformed College and the Faculty of Medicine became a separate university.1949 至 1950 年间学校在共产党政权下被改组，神学院归还加尔文学院，医学院则脱离出来独立为另一所大学。

• The Faculty of Law was discontinued and the western-language departments were closed, while the Department of Russian expanded, so French, German and English teaching resumed only after 1956.法学院被撤销，西方语言系停办而俄语系大为扩张，法语、德语与英语教学迟至 1956 年后才恢复。

• Teaching of Italian was the last of the western languages to return, not being offered again at the university until the 1990s, after the fall of the communist regime.意大利语是最后恢复的西方语言，直至 1990 年代共产党政权瓦解后才重新在校内开设。

• The Faculty of Natural Sciences became an independent faculty in 1949, and moved into a newly built Chemistry Building in 1970 as the science campus expanded.自然科学学院于 1949 年独立设院，并于 1970 年迁入新建的化学楼，科学部区随之扩展。

• In 1952 the arts and natural-science faculties were renamed after Lajos Kossuth, the leader of the 1848 revolution, a name they retained until the 2000 merger.1952 年文学院与自然科学学院改以科苏特·拉约什为名，这位 1848 年革命的领袖之名一直沿用至 2000 年合并。

• The Debrecen Summer School, founded in 1927, still teaches Hungarian language and culture on campus although it is formally independent of the university.德布勒森暑期学校创办于 1927 年，至今仍在校园内教授匈牙利语言与文化，尽管其在编制上独立于大学。

• English-language instruction in medicine and engineering dates from 1886, making Debrecen one of Europe's long-standing destinations for international medical students.医学与工程领域的英语授课可追溯至 1886 年，使德布勒森成为欧洲长期接收国际医学生的求学地之一。

• On 1 January 2000 the colleges and universities of Hajdú-Bihar county were combined into the University of Debrecen, then comprising five universities, three college-level faculties and some 20,000 students.2000 年 1 月 1 日，豪伊杜-比哈尔州的高校合并为德布勒森大学，当时含五所大学、三个学院级学部与约两万名学生。

• The Medical University had existed as an independent institution between 1950 and 2000, before it was folded back into the merged university at the turn of the century.医科大学曾在 1950 年至 2000 年间作为独立机构存在，其后于世纪之交并入合并后的大学。

• The Conservatory of Debrecen and the university's schools in Hajdúböszörmény and Nyíregyháza joined the institution later, extending its teaching reach across the region.德布勒森音乐学院以及位于豪伊杜伯瑟尔梅尼与尼赖吉哈佐的校部其后陆续并入，使教学影响扩展到整个地区。

• An associated basic-medicine campus operates in Geochang County, South Korea, extending the university's medical teaching overseas for international partnerships.学校在韩国居昌郡设有联系性的基础医学校区，将医学教学延伸至海外并服务于国际合作。

• By the 2020s the institution had grown into the largest university in Hungary outside Budapest, running 24 doctoral schools across its faculties and colleges.至 2020 年代，该校已成为匈牙利布达佩斯以外规模最大的大学，各学院与学部共设 24 个博士学校。

• In January 2023 the Hungarian government inaugurated the Komondor supercomputer at the government IT agency on the Debrecen campus, a system ranked 300th in the world's Top500 list.2023 年 1 月，匈牙利政府在德布勒森校区的政府信息技术机构内启用「Komondor」超级计算机，该系统位列全球 Top500 榜单第 300 位。

Academics

• The university is organised into thirteen faculties spanning medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, health, public health, humanities, science and technology, informatics, engineering, law, economics, music and agricultural sciences.学校下设 13 个学院，覆盖医学、牙医学、药学、健康、公共卫生、人文、科学与技术、信息学、工程、法学、经济学、音乐与农业科学等领域。

• Among its degree-granting units are the Faculty of Medicine, the Faculty of Dentistry and the Faculty of Pharmacy, which together form a complete health-science cluster on one campus.其学位授予单位中包括医学院、牙医学院与药学院，三者在一处校园内共同构成完整的健康科学板块。

• The Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management sits at the Böszörményi campus and is the direct successor of the old University of Agriculture.农业与食品科学及环境管理学院设于伯瑟尔梅尼校区，是旧农业大学的直接继承者。

• The Faculty of Economics and Business, the Faculty of Informatics and the Faculty of Law all share the Kassai-road campus, grouping the social, legal and computing disciplines together.经济与商业学院、信息学院与法学院同在考绍伊路校区，把社会科学、法学与计算类学科聚于一处。

• Twenty-four doctoral schools operate across the faculties, awarding PhD and doctoral degrees under both Hungarian-language and English-language tracks.全校共设 24 个博士学校，在匈牙利语与英语两条轨道上授予博士学位。

• Teaching in English runs across more than eighty programmes, including 36 bachelor's degrees taught fully in English and one bachelor's degree taught in French.英语授课专业逾八十个，其中 36 个本科专业全程以英语授课，另有 1 个本科专业以法语授课。

• Enrolment stands above 34,000 students, while the international cohort exceeds 7,800 and is drawn from more than 140 countries across the world.在校生逾 34000 人，国际学生逾 7800 人，来自全球 140 多个国家。

• English-medium medical and engineering education was first established in 1886, so the university has taught foreign students for well over a century.英语医学与工程教育始于 1886 年，故该校培养外国学生已逾一个世纪。

• Seven libraries serve the faculties, and two teaching hospitals with more than 2,900 beds provide clinical training for the medical and dental students.七个图书馆服务于各学院，两所教学医院拥有 2900 余张病床，为医学与牙医学学生提供临床训练。

• The University and National Library holds above six million records and functions as one of Hungary's two national libraries, alongside the National Széchényi Library in Budapest.大学与国立图书馆馆藏逾六百万件，与布达佩斯的塞切尼国家图书馆并列为匈牙利两大国家图书馆。

• The university hosts the "Leo" computing cluster rated at 203 TFlop/s, named after the physicist Leó Szilárd, one of Hungary's largest academic computing facilities.学校拥有运算能力达 203 TFlop/s 的「Leo」计算集群，其名取自物理学家莱奥·齐拉特，是匈牙利最大的学术计算设施之一。

• Its Institute of Nuclear Research links the university with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences on a compact science mini-campus in Debrecen.其核研究所将学校与匈牙利科学院相连，在德布勒森构成一处紧凑的科学小型园区。

• The Debrecen Summer School teaches Hungarian as a foreign language year-round, though the school is administratively independent of the university itself.德布勒森暑期学校全年教授作为外语的匈牙利语，惟该校在行政上独立于大学本部。

• Research output recorded by OpenAlex amounts to about 54,569 works with more than 2.6 million citations, a substantial scholarly volume for the region.OpenAlex 记录的科研产出约 5.4 万件作品、被引逾 260 万次，就本地区而言学术体量可观。

• The Faculty of Public Health and the Faculty of Health offer nursing, health and social-work programmes that complement the two clinical faculties of medicine and dentistry.公共卫生学院与健康学院开设护理、健康与社会工作等专业，与医学、牙医学两个临床学院相互补充。

• Programmes range from bachelor's and master's degrees through to doctoral study, and study tracts are offered in Hungarian as well as in English.专业层次自学士、硕士直至博士研究，并同时以匈牙利语与英语开设修读方向。

• English-medium study is offered in medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and engineering, while most other fields are taught in Hungarian, with one bachelor's programme in French.英语授课集中于医学、牙医学、药学与工程，其余多数领域以匈牙利语授课，另有 1 个本科专业以法语授课。

Campus

• The university has three major campuses in Debrecen: the older main campus, the younger Kassai-road campus and the Böszörményi campus on the city's edge.学校在德布勒森设有三处主要校区，即历史较久的本校区、较新的考绍伊路校区与位于城边的伯瑟尔梅尼校区。

• Its own fact sheet lists eight campuses in total, spread across Debrecen and further afield, together with teaching secondary schools and elementary schools.校方资料共列出八处校区，散布于德布勒森及更远地区，另有教学中学与小学。

• The main campus beside the Great Forest houses the faculties of humanities, science, medicine and music, as well as the university's botanical garden.大森林旁的本校区容纳人文、科学、医学与音乐四个学院，以及学校的植物园。

• The Kassai-road campus concentrates law, economics and informatics, while the Böszörményi campus hosts agricultural and food sciences and environmental management.考绍伊路校区集中法学院、经济学院与信息学院，伯瑟尔梅尼校区则容纳农业与食品科学及环境管理。

• The Faculty of Engineering occupies its own site on Ótemető street, and the physics departments form a compact mini-campus with the Institute of Nuclear Research.工程学院在欧泰梅特街拥有独立校址，物理系与核研究所则构成一处紧凑的小型园区。

• The university's recorded geographic position is latitude 47.53167 and longitude 21.62444, placing it in eastern Hungary on the edge of the Great Plain.学校登记的地理坐标为北纬 47.53167、东经 21.62444，位于匈牙利东部、大平原边缘。

• Debrecen, Hungary's second-largest city with more than 200,000 inhabitants, lies about 230 kilometres east of Budapest and is a renowned university town.德布勒森为匈牙利第二大城市，居民逾 20 万，位于布达佩斯以东约 230 公里，是著名的大学城。

• Its web estate runs on the unideb.hu domain, which carries the university's official website together with its international student services.学校的网络运行于 unideb.hu 域下，该域承载其官方网站与国际学生服务。

• The city is linked to Budapest by a main railway line and has its own international airport, easing access for the university's large foreign student body.该城以干线铁路与布达佩斯相连，并拥有自己的国际机场，为学校庞大的外国学生群体往来提供便利。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027, the edition to which this entry belongs, the University of Debrecen is placed at 600th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，也就是本条目所属的榜单版本，德布勒森大学列全球第 600 位。

• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 place the university in the 801-1000 band, and the 2026 edition of the same table carried the same band.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将该校列入第 801-1000 档，2026 年版同一榜单也给出相同档位。

• In the 2026-2027 US News Best Global Universities table the university is listed at 904th, a numeric rank rather than a banded range.在 2026-2027 年度 US News 全球最佳大学排名中，该校列第 904 位，为具体名次而非档位区间。

• No position is recorded for the university in the 2026 Academic Ranking of World Universities, so it is absent from that year's ARWU main list.2026 年软科世界大学学术排名未录该校名次，故其缺席当年该榜主榜。

• The university reports about 54,569 works and 2,631,716 citations in OpenAlex, a high scholarly output compared with its regional peers in Central and Eastern Europe.OpenAlex 记录该校约 5.4 万件作品与逾 263 万次被引，与中欧、东欧地区同侪相比学术产出偏高。

• Nationally it is one of Hungary's largest universities, rivalling Budapest institutions in student numbers, faculty breadth and total research volume.在国内它是匈牙利规模最大的大学之一，在学生数量、院系广度与科研体量上与布达佩斯各校相当。

• Its English-language medical and engineering programmes, open since 1886, underpin a long-standing international reputation in health education.其自 1886 年起开设的英语医学与工程专业，奠定了该校在健康教育领域长期的国际声誉。

• The 2027 Times Higher Education band of 801-1000 and the 904th place in the 2026-2027 US News table both place the university within the world's research universities.2027 年泰晤士榜单第 801-1000 档与 2026-2027 年 US News 第 904 位，均把该校置于全球研究型大学行列之内。

• A dedicated subject-table position is not carried in the four main tables used here, so its discipline standing is documented through national and faculty-level evidence.本条目所采用的四大主榜中未载该校专门的学科名次，故其学科地位以国内与院系层面的证据呈现。

• The university holds a high national standing as the leading institution of the Northern Great Plain region, a role reinforced by its 24 doctoral schools.作为北部大平原地区首屈一指的学府，该校在国内地位突出，24 个博士学校进一步强化了这一角色。

• The university's medical and health faculties are among the most internationally visible parts of the institution, carrying much of its overseas enrolment.该校医学与健康类学院是其最具国际知名度的部分，承载了其海外招生的大部分。

Student life

• The university records no single formal Latin motto in its public material, while its predecessor Reformed College is associated with the motto Orando et Laborando, "Praying and Working".校方公开材料未见单一正式拉丁校训，而其前身加尔文学院与「Orando et Laborando」（祈祷与劳作）的箴言相联系。

• Its identifying marks are above all the 1538 foundation date and the name of István Tisza, which the university bore from 1921 until 1949.其最具标识性的印记首推 1538 年的创办年份，以及自 1921 年沿用至 1949 年的伊什特万·蒂萨之名。

• The campus hosts the Debrecen Summer School, founded in 1927, which teaches Hungarian culture and language to foreign students throughout the year.校园内设有创办于 1927 年的德布勒森暑期学校，全年向外国学生教授匈牙利文化与语言。

• The botanical garden on the main campus and the surrounding Great Forest give the university a green, park-like student quarter in the Nagyerdő district.本校区内的植物园与周边大森林，在「大森林」（Nagyerdő）城区赋予该校一片绿意盎然、宛若公园的学生社区。

• Its popular paper is Egyetemi Élet, meaning "University Life", and its leading student online outlet is the portal egyetemportal.hu.其最受学生欢迎的刊物为 Egyetemi Élet，意为「大学生活」，主要的学生在线平台则是 egyetemportal.hu。

• The university also publishes the Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies, a scholarly periodical issued by its humanities faculty.学校另出版《匈牙利英语与美国研究学刊》，为人文学院刊行的学术期刊。

• Its halls and hostels house students from more than 140 countries, forming one of Hungary's largest international student communities.其宿舍与学舍收纳来自 140 多个国家的学生，构成匈牙利规模最大的国际学生社群之一。

• Student life centres on Debrecen, a city of over 200,000 some 230 kilometres from Budapest, which gives the university a pronounced campus-town character.校园生活以德布勒森为中心，该城居民逾 20 万、距布达佩斯约 230 公里，使学校带有鲜明的大学城气质。

Notable people

• Zsigmond Móricz (1879-1942), the leading novelist of Hungarian social realism, studied at the institution in Debrecen in his youth.匈牙利社会现实主义代表小说家莫里茨·齐格蒙德（1879-1942）青年时代曾就读于德布勒森的这所学校。

• Magda Szabó (1917-2007), one of Hungary's most widely translated novelists, is counted among the alumni of Debrecen.匈牙利作品译介最广的小说家之一萨博·玛格达（1917-2007）被列为德布勒森的校友。

• Imre Lakatos (1922-1974), the philosopher of mathematics and science, is listed among the university's former students.数学与科学哲学家拉卡托斯·伊姆雷（1922-1974）被列入该校旧日学生名录。

• Alfréd Rényi (1921-1970), the mathematician after whom the Rényi Institute of Mathematics is named, graduated from Debrecen.以之命名的雷尼数学研究所的数学家雷尼·阿尔弗雷德（1921-1970）毕业于德布勒森。

• Zsuzsanna Jakab served as WHO Regional Director for Europe from 2010 to 2014 and again from 2015 to 2019, a Debrecen graduate in public health.雅卡布·苏珊娜曾于 2010 至 2014 年、以及 2015 至 2019 年两度出任世界卫生组织欧洲区域主任，是德布勒森的公共卫生校友。

• Ferenc Kölcsey (1790-1838), poet and author of the text of the Hungarian national anthem, studied at the Reformed College in Debrecen.诗人、匈牙利国歌词作者克尔切伊·费伦茨（1790-1838）曾就读于德布勒森的加尔文学院。

• Endre Ady (1877-1919) and János Arany (1817-1882), major Hungarian poets, are counted in the college's long alumni tradition.匈牙利重要诗人阿迪·安德烈（1877-1919）与奥劳尼·亚诺什（1817-1882）均纳入该学院悠久的校友传统。

• Five former students have won technical Academy Awards, Gyula Priskin, Tamás Perlaki and Márk Jászberényi for "Lustre" in 2010, and Imre Major and Csaba Kőhegyi for "Mudbox" in 2014.共有五名旧日学生获技术类奥斯卡奖，普里斯金·久洛、佩尔拉基·托马斯与亚斯贝雷尼·马尔克因「Lustre」获 2010 年奖，毛约尔·伊姆雷与克海吉·乔鲍因「Mudbox」获 2014 年奖。

• Tamás Vicsek, a professor of physics at the university, is known for his research on collective motion in biological and physical systems.该校物理学教授维切克·托马斯以生物与物理系统中集体运动的研究闻名。

• István Hatvani (1718-1786), mathematician and polymath of the Reformed College, is among the historic teachers of the Debrecen tradition.加尔文学院的数学家与博学者哈特瓦尼·伊什特万（1718-1786）是德布勒森传统中的历史名师之一。