University of Cádiz

The University of Cádiz (UCA) is a public university in the province of Cádiz in Andalusia, with its rectorate in the city of Cádiz and further campuses at Puerto Real, Jerez de la Frontera and the Bahía de Algeciras.加的斯大学（Universidad de Cádiz，简称 UCA）是安达卢西亚加的斯省的一所公立大学，校部设在加的斯市，另在雷亚尔港、赫雷斯-德-拉弗龙特拉与阿尔赫西拉斯湾设有校区。

Founded on 30 October 1979, it descends from the Colegio de Pilotos of the fifteenth century and from the Royal Naval College of Surgery of 1748, the first school in Europe to teach medicine and surgery together.该校于 1979 年 10 月 30 日建校，其渊源可追溯到十五世纪的航海领航员学院，以及 1748 年开办的皇家海军外科医学院，后者是欧洲第一所把内科与外科合并讲授的学校。

QS places it in the 1201-1400 band for 2027 and Times Higher Education in the 1401-1600 band, U.S. News ranks it 1,393rd in 2026-27, and OpenAlex counts 31,487 works and 1,295,438 citations.QS 将其列入 2027 年 1201-1400 区间，泰晤士高等教育将其列入 1401-1600 区间，《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026-2027 年度将其排在第 1,393 位，OpenAlex 记录 31,487 项成果与 1,295,438 次引用。

History

• Cádiz was the Atlantic gateway of Castile, and in the fifteenth century its Colegio de Pilotos de los Mares de Levante y Poniente trained the pilots who carried ships through the strait and across the ocean.加的斯曾是卡斯蒂利亚的大西洋门户，十五世纪的东洋与西洋海域领航员学院在此培养领航员，引领船只穿过海峡、驶向大洋。
• When the Casa de Contratación moved to Cádiz in 1717 the city became the monopoly port of trade with Spanish America, and the traffic of ships, silver and sailors created demand for navigators, surgeons and instrument makers.1717 年贸易署迁至加的斯后，该城成为与西属美洲通商的垄断港口，船只、白银与水手的往来催生了对领航员、外科医生与仪器匠的需求。
• In 1748 the Royal Naval College of Surgery was founded in the city, the first institution in Europe to combine medicine and surgery in a single school, and the direct ancestor of the present faculty of medicine.1748 年，皇家海军外科医学院在城中创办，这是欧洲第一所把内科与外科并入同一所学校的机构，也是今日医学院的直系前身。
• The decree of free trade of 1778 opened other Spanish ports to the American trade, and Cádiz lost its monopoly, a change that ended the city's golden century but left it a substantial naval and commercial town.1778 年的自由贸易法令向其他西班牙港口开放美洲贸易，加的斯失去垄断地位，这一变化终结了城市的黄金世纪，却仍使其保有一定规模的海军与商业地位。
• For most of the twentieth century the province's university degrees were awarded through the University of Seville, on which the Cádiz college depended, and local opinion long pressed for a university of its own.二十世纪的大部分时间里，全省的大学学位都通过塞维利亚大学授予，加的斯的学院即隶属于该校，当地舆论长期争取设立自己的大学。
• The modern University of Cádiz was founded on 30 October 1979, and its inaugural session was a lecture on Ramón y Cajal entitled “Cajal, análisis literario de un carácter”.现代意义上的加的斯大学于 1979 年 10 月 30 日成立，首场学术活动是关于拉蒙-卡哈尔的讲座，题为“卡哈尔，一种性格的文学分析”。
• Felipe Garrido headed the university from 1979 to 1984, and in 1984 the first election of a rector by the university community was held.费利佩·加里多自 1979 年至 1984 年领导学校，1984 年大学共同体首次以选举方式产生校长。
• In March 1984 the university awarded its Gold Medal to King Juan Carlos I, a mark of the new institution's place in the constitutional monarchy.1984 年 3 月，学校把金质奖章授予国王胡安·卡洛斯一世，显示出这所新院校在君主立宪体制中的位置。
• In May 1985 the poet Rafael Alberti and the historian Antonio Domínguez Ortiz were invested doctors honoris causa, the first of a long list of writers, scientists and musicians.1985 年 5 月，诗人拉斐尔·阿尔维蒂与历史学家安东尼奥·多明格斯·奥尔蒂斯被授予荣誉博士学位，此后这份名单上又增添了众多作家、科学家与音乐家。
• In 1985 the rectorate moved into the Casa de los Cinco Gremios, an eighteenth-century building in the old town that remains the administrative address of the university.1985 年，校部迁入老城中的五公会之家，这座十八世纪的建筑至今仍是大学的行政所在地。
• The statutes and bylaws of the university were approved in February 1986, giving the institution its first full framework of self-government after seven years of provisional arrangements.1986 年 2 月，学校章程与条例获批，这所院校在七年过渡安排之后首次拥有完整的自治框架。
• In 1992 the Centro Andaluz Superior de Estudios Marinos was inaugurated on the Puerto Real campus, a purpose-built complex for marine and naval studies beside the salt marshes of the bay.1992 年，安达卢西亚高等海洋研究中心在雷亚尔港校区落成，这座专为海洋与船舶学科建造的建筑群紧邻海湾盐沼。
• Through the 1990s teaching spread to Jerez de la Frontera and to Algeciras, so that a university born in one city became the institution of the whole province.1990 年代，教学扩展到赫雷斯-德-拉弗龙特拉与阿尔赫西拉斯，一所诞生于单一城市的大学由此成为覆盖全省的机构。
• Since 2003 the university has run its teaching through virtual campuses, first WebCT and later the free Moodle platform, alongside the lecture rooms.自 2003 年起，学校在课堂之外通过虚拟校园开展教学，先用 WebCT，后改用自由软件平台 Moodle。
• In 2004 the university created the Libre Software and Open Knowledge Office, one of the first such offices in Spain, and it has since held international conferences on free software, including the FLOSS International Conference.2004 年，学校设立自由软件与开放知识办公室，是西班牙最早的一批同类机构，此后又举办了多届自由软件国际会议，其中包括 FLOSS 国际会议。
• In 2007 it installed a research supercomputer, a cluster of 80 machines with 320 cores, 640 gigabytes of memory and a peak performance of 3.8 teraflops, running SUSE Linux.2007 年，学校装配了一台科研超级计算机，由 80 台机器组成，共 320 个核心、640 GB 内存，峰值性能 3.8 万亿次浮点运算，运行 SUSE Linux。
• In the 2007-08 academic year the university counted 17,280 students, 1,698 lecturers and 680 administrative staff, the figures of a mature provincial institution.2007 至 2008 学年，学校共有 17,280 名学生、1,698 名教师与 680 名行政人员，这是一所成熟省级大学的规模。
• Eduardo González Mazo was rector from 2011 to 2019, and Francisco Piniella Corbacho succeeded him in July 2019.爱德华多·冈萨雷斯·马索于 2011 至 2019 年任校长，弗朗西斯科·皮涅利亚·科尔瓦乔于 2019 年 7 月接任。
• The honorary doctorate awarded to the flamenco guitarist Paco de Lucía in 2007, and those given to the guitarist Andrés Segovia in 1982 and the biologist Margarita Salas in 2004, mark the cultural range the university claims.2007 年授予弗拉门戈吉他大师帕科·德卢西亚的荣誉博士，以及 1982 年授予吉他演奏家安德烈斯·塞戈维亚、2004 年授予生物学家玛加丽塔·萨拉斯的荣誉博士，标示出学校所主张的文化跨度。
• In 2020 teaching moved online during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the laboratories and the marine facilities reopened to students in the following academic year.2020 年新冠疫情期间教学转为线上，实验室与海洋设施在次一学年重新向学生开放。

Academics

• Teaching is distributed among faculties, university schools and affiliated centres on four campuses, and the medical and marine sciences have historically given the institution its profile.教学分布于四个校区的学院、大学学校与附属中心，医学与海洋科学在历史上塑造了这所院校的形象。
• The Faculty of Medicine in Cádiz continues the line begun by the Royal Naval College of Surgery, and its teaching hospital is the University Hospital Puerta del Mar.加的斯医学院延续皇家海军外科医学院开启的传统，其教学医院为圣玛丽亚门大学医院。
• The Centro Andaluz Superior de Estudios Marinos at Puerto Real teaches marine environment, marine resources, seafaring, marine engineering, naval radioelectronics and naval engineering.雷亚尔港的安达卢西亚高等海洋研究中心开设海洋环境、海洋资源、航海、轮机工程、船舶无线电电子与造船工程等专业。
• A University Institute of Marine Research, INMAR, brings the marine biologists, oceanographers and fisheries specialists of the university into a single research structure.大学海洋研究所 INMAR 把全校的海洋生物学家、海洋学家与渔业专家纳入同一研究架构。
• The Higher Polytechnic School of Algeciras teaches engineering in the Bay of Algeciras, close to the shipyards, the port and the wind industry of the strait.阿尔赫西拉斯高等理工学院在阿尔赫西拉斯湾开展工程教学，邻近船厂、港口与海峡一带的风电产业。
• The University School of Health Salus Infirmorum, in Cádiz, trains nurses and other health professionals and keeps its own skills laboratories.位于加的斯的萨卢斯·因菲尔莫鲁姆健康大学学院培养护士与其他卫生专业人员，并自设技能实验室。
• University Schools of Labour Relations at Jerez de la Frontera and at Algeciras teach labour science, human resources and social work.赫雷斯-德-拉弗龙特拉与阿尔赫西拉斯的劳动关系大学学院教授劳动科学、人力资源与社会工作。
• The Tomás y Valiente University School of Legal and Economic Studies at Algeciras teaches law and business degrees on the eastern side of the province.阿尔赫西拉斯的托马斯-巴连特法律与经济研究大学学院在省域东部开设法律与商科类学位。
• The University School of Modern Languages in Cádiz teaches translation and interpreting, and the Virgen de Europa University School of Pedagogy at La Línea de la Concepción trains teachers.加的斯的现代语言大学学院教授翻译与口译，拉利内阿-德拉康塞普西翁的维尔亨-德欧罗巴教育大学学院培养教师。
• The university offers about 70 bachelor's degrees, 51 master's degrees and 18 doctoral programmes, and its doctoral school coordinates the admission and supervision of research students.学校开设约 70 个本科专业、51 个硕士项目与 18 个博士项目，其博士学院统筹研究生的招生与指导。
• It enrols some 18,592 full-time equivalent students, of whom about eleven per cent come from outside Spain, a share raised by the Erasmus exchanges and by Latin American agreements.学校注册约 18,592 名全日制当量学生，其中约百分之十一来自西班牙以外，这一比例由 Erasmus 交换与拉美合作协议共同推高。
• Ten libraries hold about 800,000 volumes, distributed across the campuses, with the main collection in Cádiz and specialised holdings at Puerto Real and Algeciras.十所图书馆藏书约 80 万册，分布于各校区，主馆设在加的斯，雷亚尔港与阿尔赫西拉斯则藏有专业文献。
• Research concentrates on marine sciences, biomedicine, agri-food and viticulture, renewable energy and the social sciences of the port city.科研集中于海洋科学、生物医学、农业食品与葡萄种植、可再生能源以及港口城市的社会科学。
• The viticulture and oenology groups work with the sherry cellars of Jerez, and the marine groups with the fishing fleet and the shipyards of the bay.葡萄种植与酿酒学团队与赫雷斯的雪莉酒酒窖合作，海洋团队则与海湾的渔船队与船厂合作。
• CASEM operates tanks, aquaria and seawater systems that allow marine biology and aquaculture students to work with live material on campus.海洋研究中心配备水池、水族箱与海水系统，使海洋生物学与水产养殖专业的学生能在校内接触活体材料。
• The supercomputer installed in 2007 and the free software office are the visible edge of a computing policy that began early for a university of this size.2007 年装配的超级计算机与自由软件办公室，构成这所规模的大学中起步较早的计算政策可见的一角。
• Erasmus exchanges link it with universities across Europe, including the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg and the University of Würzburg, and agreements extend to Latin America and Africa.Erasmus 交换项目把该校与欧洲多所大学相连，其中包括卡尔·冯·奥西茨基大学与维尔茨堡大学，合作协议还延伸至拉美与非洲。
• About five per cent of the teaching is delivered in English at master's level, while the bachelor's degrees are taught in Spanish.硕士层次约有百分之五的课程以英语授课，本科阶段则全部使用西班牙语。

Campus

• The Cádiz campus occupies buildings in the old town and near the port, with the rectorate in the Casa de los Cinco Gremios and faculties dispersed among eighteenth-century houses.加的斯校区分布于老城与港口附近，校部设在五公会之家，各学院散落在十八世纪的宅邸之间。
• The Puerto Real campus is a modern complex beside the Bahía de Cádiz natural park, built around CASEM and shared with the Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences.雷亚尔港校区是紧邻加的斯湾自然公园的现代建筑群，以海洋研究中心为核心，并与海洋与环境科学学院共用。
• The Jerez de la Frontera campus serves the northern part of the province and houses the University School of Labour Relations and social science teaching.赫雷斯-德-拉弗龙特拉校区服务省域北部，设有劳动关系大学学院与社会科学教学。
• The Bahía de Algeciras campus looks across the strait to Gibraltar and houses the Polytechnic School and the Tomás y Valiente school.阿尔赫西拉斯湾校区隔海峡与直布罗陀相望，设有高等理工学院与托马斯-巴连特学院。
• The Virgen de Europa school at La Línea de la Concepción extends the university to the southern tip of the province, on the border with Gibraltar.拉利内阿-德拉康塞普西翁的维尔亨-德欧罗巴学院把大学延伸到省域南端，即与直布罗陀接壤的地带。
• The salt marshes, tidal channels and dunes of the bay form the setting of the Puerto Real campus, and they are used for fieldwork in biology, environmental science and oceanography.海湾的盐沼、潮沟与沙丘构成雷亚尔港校区的环境，也被用于生物学、环境科学与海洋学的野外实习。
• Commuter trains of the Cádiz bay line connect Cádiz with Puerto Real and Jerez, and the campuses are also served by intercity buses.加的斯湾线的通勤列车把加的斯与雷亚尔港、赫雷斯连接起来，各校区另有城际巴士通达。
• The city campus is bounded by the sea, so students cross from lecture rooms to the beach in a few minutes, and the Atlantic wind is a constant of daily life.市区校区临海而建，学生从教室走到海滩只需几分钟，大西洋的风则是日常生活里恒常的要素。
• Buildings have been adapted rather than rebuilt, and the university has restored several historic houses for teaching and for the rectorate.校舍多为改造而非新建，学校修复了若干历史宅邸用于教学与校部办公。

Reputation

• QS places the university in the 1201-1400 band of its World University Rankings for 2027, the middle of the global table.QS 在 2027 年世界大学排名中把该校列入 1201-1400 区间，处于全球榜单的中段。
• Times Higher Education ranks it in the 1401-1600 band for 2027, a slightly lower segment than the QS band, as the two tables weight research differently.泰晤士高等教育在 2027 年将其列入 1401-1600 区间，比 QS 的段位略低，原因在于两个榜单对科研的加权方式不同。
• U.S. News ranks it 1,393rd in its 2026-27 global universities list, its position in a table weighted towards research reputation and citations.《美国新闻与世界报道》在 2026-2027 年度全球大学榜单中将其排在第 1,393 位，这是它在一个偏重科研声誉与引用的榜单中的位置。
• It does not appear in the 2026 ShanghaiRanking academic ranking of world universities, which includes a narrower set of institutions than the other tables.该校未进入 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名主榜，该榜收录的院校范围窄于其他几个榜单。
• OpenAlex records 31,487 works and 1,295,438 citations, a research record concentrated in marine biology, medicine, chemistry and engineering.OpenAlex 记录该校 31,487 项成果与 1,295,438 次引用，科研产出集中于海洋生物学、医学、化学与工程。
• Its standing rests on medicine and marine sciences, the two fields in which it has trained professionals for the port, the navy, the fishing fleet and the hospitals of the province.该校的声望建立在医学与海洋科学之上，这两个领域为港口、海军、渔船队与全省医院培养专业人员。
• The supercomputer of 2007 and the free software office of 2004 gave it an early reputation in computing that larger Andalusian universities took longer to acquire.2007 年的超级计算机与 2004 年的自由软件办公室，使其在计算领域较早获得声誉，而规模更大的安达卢西亚大学反而更晚才具备类似条件。
• Its honorary doctorates, from Andrés Segovia in 1982 to Paco de Lucía in 2007, tie the university's public image to Andalusian culture as much as to science.从 1982 年的安德烈斯·塞戈维亚到 2007 年的帕科·德卢西亚，其荣誉博士名单把学校的公共形象与安达卢西亚文化紧密相连，其分量不亚于科学。
• As the only university in the province it carries a regional monopoly of degree teaching, and its four campuses follow the geography of shipbuilding, sherry, tourism and the port.作为全省唯一的大学，它在学位教育上具有区域垄断地位，四个校区也随造船、雪莉酒、旅游与港口的地理分布而设。
• Its international share of about eleven per cent is higher than that of most Andalusian universities, sustained by Erasmus and by students from Latin America and North Africa.其约百分之十一的国际学生比例高于安达卢西亚多数大学，支撑这一比例的是 Erasmus 项目以及来自拉美与北非的学生。

Student life

• Daily life is divided between the city campus and the suburban ones, and many students take the train between Cádiz, Puerto Real and Jerez.日常生活分散在市区校区与郊区校区之间，许多学生乘火车往返于加的斯、雷亚尔港与赫雷斯。
• The Carnival of Cádiz, held in February, is the largest event of the student year, and chirigota groups draw performers and audiences from the university, with the main competition staged at the Gran Teatro Falla.每年二月举行的加的斯狂欢节是学生一年中最大的活动，讽刺合唱队从中吸纳表演者与观众，主赛场设在法利亚大剧院。
• The beaches inside the city and along the bay give students a seaside life that few Spanish universities can match, with surfing and sailing among the usual sports.市区与海湾沿岸的海滩给学生带来西班牙少有的海滨生活，冲浪与帆船是常见运动。
• University teams compete in Andalusian championships in sailing, rowing, football and athletics, using the bay and the campus sports facilities.校队在帆船、赛艇、足球与田径等项目上参加安达卢西亚锦标赛，训练依托海湾与校园体育设施。
• Erasmus students are numerous enough to support a standing programme of language exchanges and orientation weeks at the start of each semester.Erasmus 学生人数足以支撑常设的语言交换项目与每学期开学时的迎新周。
• The free software office runs workshops and an annual conference, and it remains the meeting point for students interested in programming and open data.自由软件办公室举办工作坊与年度会议，至今仍是对编程与开放数据感兴趣的学生聚会的场所。
• Student associations organise the cultural weeks, the cinema club and the welcome days, with the support of the vice-rectorate for students.学生社团在学生事务副校长支持下组织文化周、电影俱乐部与迎新活动。
• The Santa Semana processions of Cádiz and the spring fairs of Jerez shape the calendar of the second semester, and teaching timetables are adjusted around them.加的斯的圣周游行与赫雷斯的春季集市塑造了第二学期的日历，教学时间表也据此调整。

Notable people

• Federico Rubio y Galí, surgeon and founder of a Madrid teaching hospital, is among the medical alumni the university claims.外科医生、马德里一所教学医院的创办者费德里科·鲁维奥-加利于该校医学部的校友之列。
• Antonio Machado y Núñez, a naturalist who became rector and mayor of Seville, studied medicine in the city before the university existed in its present form.博物学家安东尼奥·马查多-努涅斯后来出任塞维利亚大学校长与塞维利亚市长，他是在该校以现今形态存在之前于城中学习医学的。
• Cayetano del Toro y Quartiellers, physician and politician of the Restoration, is remembered for his public health work in Cádiz.复辟时期的内科医生与政治家卡耶塔诺·德尔托罗-夸铁列尔斯，以其在加的斯的公共卫生工作为人铭记。
• Guillermina Rojas y Orgis, one of the few women on the alumni list, belongs to the early generations of women who entered professional life through the city's schools.吉列尔米娜·罗哈斯-奥尔吉斯是校友名单上为数不多的女性之一，属于通过城中学校进入职业生涯的早期女性世代。
• Francisco de Paula Medina Gutiérrez and Benito Alcina y Rancés, physician and hygienist, represent the nineteenth-century medical tradition of the city.医生弗朗西斯科·德保拉·梅迪纳·古铁雷斯与卫生学家贝尼托·阿尔西纳-兰塞斯，代表这座城市的十九世纪医学传统。
• Felipe Garrido, the first rector, and Mariano Peñalver Simó, who followed him in 1984, built the institution in its first decade.首任校长费利佩·加里多与 1984 年接任的马里亚诺·佩尼亚尔韦尔·西莫，在最初十年间把这所院校建立起来。
• Francisco Piniella Corbacho, rector since July 2019, is a professor of maritime studies and a former officer of the merchant marine.自 2019 年 7 月起任校长的弗朗西斯科·皮涅利亚·科尔瓦乔是海事研究教授，曾任商船队军官。
• Andrés Segovia, Rafael Alberti and Paco de Lucía, doctors honoris causa in 1982, 1985 and 2007, link the university to the musical and literary culture of Andalusia.1982 年、1985 年与 2007 年获荣誉博士的安德烈斯·塞戈维亚、拉斐尔·阿尔维蒂与帕科·德卢西亚，把学校与安达卢西亚的音乐与文学文化联系起来。
• Its graduates staff the hospitals, shipyards, fishing companies, wineries and schools of the province, and the alumni list is dominated by physicians rather than by politicians.该校毕业生供职于全省的医院、船厂、渔业公司、酒庄与学校，校友名单以医生为主而非政治家。