University of Cologne

The University of Cologne (German: Universität zu Köln) is a public research university in Cologne, Germany, founded in 1388 as the fourth university of the Holy Roman Empire and re-established in 1919 after a break of more than a century.科隆大学（德文 Universität zu Köln）是位于德国科隆的一所公立研究型大学，1388 年作为神圣罗马帝国的第四所大学创办，在中断一个多世纪后于 1919 年重建。

It is one of the largest universities in Germany, with 45,187 students enrolled in 2023, and is a member of the German U15 association of major research-intensive universities.该校是德国规模最大的大学之一，2023 年注册学生达 45,187 人，并且是德国主要研究密集型大学 U15 联盟成员。

It is placed 269th in the QS World University Rankings 2027, joint 163rd in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027, 238th in the U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 and in the 151-200 band of the Shanghai ARWU 2026.该校在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中位列第 269 位，在 2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名中并列第 163 位，在《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学排名中位列第 238 位，在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中位列 151-200 区间。

History

• Cologne was founded in 1388 as the fourth university of the Holy Roman Empire, after the Charles University of Prague in 1348, the University of Vienna in 1365 and the University of Heidelberg in 1386.科隆大学创办于 1388 年，是神圣罗马帝国继 1348 年布拉格查理大学、1365 年维也纳大学与 1386 年海德堡大学之后的第四所大学。
• Unlike most medieval universities it was founded not by a king or prince but by the council of the imperial free city of Cologne, and its charter was signed by Pope Urban VI at Perugia on 21 May 1388.与多数中世纪大学不同，它并非由国王或诸侯创建，而是由作为帝国自由城市的科隆市政府发起，其特许状于 1388 年 5 月 21 日由教宗乌尔班六世在佩鲁贾签署。
• Its medieval Latin name was Universitas Studii Coloniensis, and teaching began on 6 January 1389.其中世纪拉丁文名为 Universitas Studii Coloniensis，教学始自 1389 年 1 月 6 日。
• French revolutionary troops occupied Cologne in 1794, and in 1798 the university was abolished by the French First Republic, which dissolved many universities under its new constitution.法国大革命时期的军队于 1794 年占领科隆，1798 年该校被法兰西第一共和国取缔，后者依新宪法解散了许多大学。
• The last rector of the old university, Ferdinand Franz Wallraf, preserved its Great Seal, which has been in use again since the re-establishment.老大学的最后一任校长费迪南德·弗朗茨·瓦尔拉夫保住了大学的校印，该印章自重建以来重新启用。
• In 1919 the Prussian government endorsed a decision of the Cologne city council to re-establish the university, and on 29 May 1919 the mayor Konrad Adenauer, later the first Chancellor of West Germany, signed its charter.1919 年，普鲁士政府批准科隆市议会重建大学的决定；同年 5 月 29 日，市长康拉德·阿登纳——日后的西德首任总理——签署了该校特许状。
• The re-establishment was widely seen as a replacement for the loss of the University of Strasbourg, which had reverted to France with the rest of Alsace after the First World War.此次重建普遍被视为对斯特拉斯堡大学流失的弥补——后者在第一次世界大战后随阿尔萨斯一同重归法国。
• The new university combined three predecessor institutions: the Cologne School of Commerce of 1901, the Academy for Practical Medicine of 1904, Germany's first such academy, and the College for Communal and Social Administration of 1912.新大学由三所前身机构合并而成：1901 年创办的科隆贸易高校、1904 年创办的德国第一所应用医学研究院，以及 1912 年创办的地区社会管理高校。
• It began with the Faculty of Business, Economics and Social Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine, to which the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Arts were added in 1920.该校初设经济与社会科学学院（WiSo）与医学院，1920 年又增设法学院与文学院。
• By 1925 Cologne was the second largest German university by student numbers, behind the University of Berlin.到 1925 年，科隆大学按学生人数已位居德国第二，仅次于柏林大学。
• Originally situated in Neustadt-Süd, the university moved to its present campus in Lindenthal on 2 November 1934, the old premises later passing to the TH Köln University of Applied Sciences.该校原址位于新城南区，1934 年 11 月 2 日迁往林登塔尔现址，旧址后来移交科隆应用技术大学（TH Köln）。
• As student numbers grew, a new campus was laid out west of the city on Universitätsstraße from 1935, and its main building was designed by the architect Adolf Abel.由于学生人数增加，校方自 1935 年起在城西的大学街一带兴建新校区，其主楼由建筑师阿道夫·阿贝尔设计。
• Although the campus was badly damaged in the Second World War, teaching resumed as soon as the war ended in 1945.尽管校区在二战中严重损毁，学校在 1945 年战争结束后便立即恢复了教学。
• In 1955 the School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences separated from the Faculty of Arts to become an independent faculty.1955 年，数学与自然科学学院脱离文学院，成为独立的学院。
• In 1980 the two Cologne departments of the Rhineland School of Education were attached to the university as the Faculties of Education and of Special Education.1980 年，莱茵兰教育学院的科隆两个部并入该校，成为教育学院与特殊教育学院。
• In 1988 Cologne became a founding member of the Community of European Management Schools and International Companies, today's CEMS Global Alliance in Management Education.1988 年，该校成为欧洲管理学院与国际企业联盟（CEMS）的创始成员，该联盟即今日的 CEMS 全球管理教育联盟。
• On 1 January 2007 a sixth faculty, the Faculty of Human Sciences, was created out of the former Faculties of Education and Curative Education.2007 年 1 月 1 日，由原教育学院与康复教育学院合并而成第六个学院——人文科学学院。
• In 2010 the Center for Teacher Education was founded, taking on a wide role in organising teacher-training degree programmes in North Rhine-Westphalia.2010 年，教师教育中心成立，在北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的教师培养学位项目组织中承担重任。
• In 2012 Cologne was named a university of excellence under the German Universities Excellence Initiative, a status it held until 2019.2012 年，科隆大学在德国大学卓越计划中被评为「卓越大学」，该地位保持至 2019 年。
• The university's 600th anniversary in 1988 was marked by a special postage stamp issued by the Federal Republic of Germany.1988 年该校六百周年校庆之际，联邦德国为此发行了一枚纪念邮票。
• On 5 June 2025 the university and the Alfred Landecker Foundation signed an agreement to establish the Adenauer School of Government, a non-partisan centre for public policy with an initial budget of ten million euros a year.2025 年 6 月 5 日，该校与阿尔弗雷德·兰德克基金会签署协议，设立阿登纳政府学院，这是一个无党派的公共政策研究中心，初期预算为每年 1,000 万欧元。
• The university long had no formal name beyond its medieval Latin title until Josef Kroll, rector, introduced the official name Universität zu Köln during his second term of office from 1945 to 1950.该校长期只有中世纪拉丁文名称而无正式校名，直到校长约瑟夫·克罗尔在 1945 至 1950 年的第二任期内采用正式名称「Universität zu Köln」。

Academics

• The university is divided into six faculties offering 137 degree programmes, a comprehensive range that makes it one of Germany's largest research universities.该校设有六个学院，开设 137 个学位项目，学科门类完备，是德国规模最大的研究型大学之一。
• The six faculties are Management, Economics and Social Sciences, Law, Medicine, Arts and Humanities, Mathematics and Natural Sciences, and Human Sciences.六个学院分别为管理与经济社会科学学院、法学院、医学院、文学与人文学院、数学与自然科学学院以及人文科学学院。
• The Faculty of Medicine operates together with the affiliated University Hospital Cologne.医学院与附属的科隆大学医院共同运作。
• Especially the faculties of law and economics are renowned and leading in Germany, and the WiSo Faculty of Management, Economics and Social Sciences is a member of the CEMS global alliance, maintaining double-degree agreements with leading business schools.法学院与经济学院尤负盛名，在德国居于领先地位；管理与经济社会科学学院（WiSo）是 CEMS 全球联盟成员，并与多所顶尖商学院建立双学位合作。
• In 2023 the university employed 616 professors, 32 per cent of them women, together with 4,667 research assistants.2023 年，该校共有 616 名教授（其中 32% 为女性）以及 4,667 名科研助理。
• It enrolled 45,187 students in 2023, and in the same year 6,941 students earned their undergraduate or graduate degrees.2023 年该校注册学生 45,187 人，同年共有 6,941 名学生获得本科或研究生学位。
• In the winter semester of 2023-2024 there were 5,074 international students, about 11 per cent of the total, with the largest contingents from Turkey, Italy, China, Russia and Luxembourg.2023-2024 冬季学期，国际学生为 5,074 人，约占总数的 11%，人数最多的来源国依次为土耳其、意大利、中国、俄罗斯与卢森堡。
• Cologne holds five Clusters of Excellence: CECAD for ageing research, ECONtribute for markets and public policy, CEPLAS for plant sciences, ML4Q for matter and light for quantum information, and DYNAVERSE.该校拥有五个卓越集群：研究衰老的 CECAD、研究市场与公共政策的 ECONtribute、研究植物科学的 CEPLAS、研究量子信息物质与光的 ML4Q，以及 DYNAVERSE。
• As of October 2024 it hosted 18 DFG Collaborative Research Centres and took part in a further 10 such centres at other universities.截至 2024 年 10 月，该校设有 18 个德国研究基金会（DFG）合作研究中心，并参与其他大学的另外 10 个同类中心。
• Third-party funding reached 239.2 million euros in 2023, of which 103.9 million went to the Faculty of Medicine, the DFG alone contributing about 101.5 million.2023 年，该校第三方经费达 2.392 亿欧元，其中 1.039 亿欧元拨给医学院，仅德国研究基金会就贡献约 1.015 亿欧元。
• The total budget, including the Faculty of Medicine, was 920 million euros in 2023, made up of state funds, third-party funding, special funds and other income.含医学院在内，2023 年该校总预算为 9.2 亿欧元，由国家拨款、第三方经费、专项资金及其他收入构成。
• Its research is organised through numerous DFG Collaborative Research Centres and through central graduate schools in fields such as biology, chemistry, geosciences, physics and the humanities.其研究围绕众多德国研究基金会合作研究中心以及生物、化学、地球科学、物理与人文学科的中心研究生院展开。
• As of 2025 its alumni, faculty and researchers include five Nobel laureates, eleven winners of the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize, eight Humboldt Professorships and two Humboldt Research Awards.截至 2025 年，其校友、教师与研究人员中包括 5 位诺贝尔奖得主、11 位戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨奖得主、8 位洪堡教授席位获得者以及 2 位洪堡研究奖得主。
• The university maintains notable collections, including the GeoMuseum, the only natural history museum in Cologne, a theatre collection at Schloss Wahn and a papyrus collection of the Institute of Antiquity.该校拥有若干重要收藏，包括科隆唯一的自然历史博物馆 GeoMuseum、位于瓦恩宫的戏剧收藏，以及古物研究所的纸草文献收藏。
• It maintains around 88 official partnerships, the oldest with Clermont-Ferrand I and Pennsylvania State, and has run an office in Beijing since 2007, coordinating academic contacts with China for North Rhine-Westphalia.该校保持着约 88 个正式校际合作，最早的两个伙伴是克莱蒙费朗第一大学与宾夕法尼亚州立大学；自 2007 年起在北京设立办事处，为北莱茵-威斯特法伦州协调对华学术联系。
• It also has regional offices in New York City and New Delhi and coordination offices in Cairo and Accra.它还在纽约与新德里设有地区办事处，并在开罗与阿克拉设有协调处。
• Between 2018 and 2022, 142 international scholars sponsored by the Humboldt Foundation chose to spend their research years at Cologne.2018 至 2022 年间，共有 142 位由洪堡基金会资助的国际学者选择在科隆度过其研究岁月。
• Its degree programmes cover the natural sciences, medicine, law, economics, the social sciences and the humanities across its six faculties.其学位项目涵盖自然科学、医学、法学、经济学、社会科学与人文学科，分布于六个学院之中。
• The university's income comes from state funds provided by North Rhine-Westphalia, third-party research funding, special state funds and its own other income.该校的收入来自北莱茵-威斯特法伦州的拨款、第三方科研经费、州县专项资金以及自身的其他收入。

Campus

• The university's main campus lies in the Lindenthal district of Cologne, to which it moved on 2 November 1934.该校主校区位于科隆的林登塔尔区，学校于 1934 年 11 月 2 日迁入。
• The central building complex on Universitätsstraße was designed by the architect Adolf Abel and dates from the expansion of the 1930s.位于大学街的中心建筑群由建筑师阿道夫·阿贝尔设计，始建于 1930 年代的扩建时期。
• The original campus in Neustadt-Süd is now used by the TH Köln University of Applied Sciences.位于新城南区的原校区如今由科隆应用技术大学（TH Köln）使用。
• The campus lies in the green western quarter of Cologne, a short distance from the historic city centre.校园坐落在科隆绿意盎然的西部城区，距历史悠久的市中心不远。
• Beneath the main building lies the Barbarastollen, a mining gallery built in 1932 as part of a museum of trade and industry below the site.主楼之下设有「巴巴拉坑道」（Barbarastollen）——一条 1932 年作为工商业博物馆的一部分而建的地下坑道。
• Away from the main campus the university keeps a theatre collection at Schloss Wahn, with images and texts of European theatre from the sixteenth century.在主校区之外，该校于瓦恩宫保存有一批戏剧收藏，收录 16 世纪以来的欧洲戏剧图像与文本。
• The GeoMuseum in the main building displays natural-history collections and is the only natural history museum in Cologne.主楼内的 GeoMuseum 陈列自然史收藏，是科隆唯一的自然历史博物馆。
• Student services are provided by the Kölner Studierendenwerk, which runs the refectories and halls of residence associated with the campus.学生服务由科隆学生服务中心（Kölner Studierendenwerk）提供，负责运营与校园相关的食堂和学生宿舍。
• The Lindenthal campus is the university's single main site, where the central lecture halls, administrative offices and the main library are concentrated.林登塔尔校区是该校唯一的主要校址，中央讲堂、行政办公机构与总图书馆均集中于此。

Reputation

• In the QS World University Rankings 2027 the University of Cologne is placed 269th in the world.在 2027 年 QS 世界大学排名中，科隆大学位列世界第 269 位。
• The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2027 places it joint 163rd.2027 年泰晤士高等教育世界大学排名将其列为并列第 163 位。
• The U.S. News Best Global Universities 2026-2027 ranks it 238th in the world.《美国新闻与世界报道》2026-2027 最佳全球大学排名将其列为世界第 238 位。
• In the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities 2026 it appears in the 151-200 band.在 2026 年软科世界大学学术排名中，该校位列 151-200 区间。
• Nationally, the university was 17th in Germany in the QS World University Rankings 2024, and the DFG Funding Atlas placed it 8th in Germany in 2021, an improvement of ten places since 2006.在国内位次上，该校在 2024 年 QS 世界大学排名中列德国第 17 位；德国研究基金会经费图集则将其列为 2021 年德国第 8 位，较 2006 年上升了十位。
• The OpenAlex database credits the University of Cologne with 142,114 scholarly works and 11,051,584 citations.OpenAlex 数据库收录科隆大学 142,114 篇学术成果与 11,051,584 次引用。
• Its alumni and staff include five Nobel laureates, among them Kurt Alder in chemistry in 1950, Max Delbrück in medicine in 1969, Heinrich Böll in literature in 1972 and Peter Grünberg in physics in 2007.其校友与教职人员中有 5 位诺贝尔奖得主，其中包括 1950 年化学奖得主库尔特·阿尔德、1969 年医学奖得主马克斯·德尔布吕克、1972 年文学奖得主海因里希·伯尔以及 2007 年物理学奖得主彼得·格林贝格。
• Eleven of its researchers have won the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize and eight have held Humboldt Professorships, one of Germany's most prestigious research awards.其研究人员中有 11 位获得戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼茨奖，8 位获得洪堡教授席位——德国最具声望的研究荣誉之一。
• The university is regularly ranked at the top of national and international law and business rankings, and its Faculty of Law counts leading scholars such as Angelika Nußberger, Thomas von Danwitz and Claus Kreß.该校在国内外法学与商科排名中常居前列，其法学院汇聚了安格莉卡·努斯贝格尔、托马斯·冯·丹维茨与克劳斯·克雷斯等知名学者。
• Its standing rests in part on the breadth of its laureates, who span chemistry, medicine, literature and physics.其声望部分源于得主分布的广度——他们涵盖化学、医学、文学与物理学各领域。
• Cologne's strength in law and economics is reflected in the leading positions it holds in national and international subject rankings.科隆在法学与经济学上的实力，体现在它在国内外学科排名中所居的领先位置。

Student life

• The constituted student body is a statutory corporation that represents student interests, with a student parliament of 51 elected members and a student union, the AStA, as its executive arm.法定学生自治组织是代表学生利益的公法团体，设有一个由 51 名当选成员组成的学生议会，并以学生会（AStA）作为其执行机构。
• In the winter semester of 2024-2025 students paid a semester fee of 304.25 euros, of which about 58 per cent covered the semester ticket and 36 per cent the Studierendenwerk.2024-2025 冬季学期，学生缴纳的学期费为 304.25 欧元，其中约 58% 用于学期交通票、36% 用于学生服务中心。
• The AStA offers counselling and complaints offices, a bicycle repair shop, a tool rental service and a campus garden, and organises lectures, museum tours, long study nights and the festival contre le racisme.学生会（AStA）提供咨询与投诉处、自行车修理铺、工具租赁服务与校园花园，并组织讲座、博物馆参观、长夜自习以及「反对种族主义音乐节」等活动。
• The AStA negotiates the price of the semester ticket with the Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe, and the ticket covers public transport in the region.学生会与科隆交通公司（KVB）协商学期交通票的价格，该票可覆盖本地区的公共交通。
• Within the student body there are autonomous departments, such as those for parents and for international students, representing special status groups.学生自治组织内还设有自主部门，例如家长部与国际学生部，代表特殊的身份群体。
• At faculty level, student associations advise students, represent them to lecturers and help newcomers settle into their first semesters.在学院层面，学生会协会为学生提供专业咨询、向教师代表学生利益，并帮助新生适应最初几个学期。
• Cologne has held the Total E-Quality award for equal opportunities in 2004, 2007, 2014, 2018 and 2022, and has been a Fairtrade University since 2018.该校曾于 2004、2007、2014、2018 与 2022 年五度获得「全面平等质量」（Total E-Quality）机会平等奖，并自 2018 年起成为「公平贸易大学」。
• It adopted a university-wide sustainability strategy in June 2023 and has had a Vice-Rectorate for Sustainability since October 2023.该校于 2023 年 6 月通过全校范围的可持续发展战略，并自 2023 年 10 月起设立可持续发展副校长一职。
• The semester ticket is among the most heavily used services, giving students mobility across Cologne and the surrounding region.学期交通票是使用最频繁的服务之一，为学生提供在科隆及周边地区的通行便利。
• The student union's work is financed largely from the semester fee, which also supports counselling services, cultural events and the bicycle workshop.学生会的运转主要依靠学期费资助，这笔费用同时支持咨询服务、文化活动与自行车修理铺。

Notable people

• Konrad Adenauer, mayor of Cologne and later the first Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, signed the charter re-establishing the university on 29 May 1919.曾任科隆市长、后来成为联邦德国首任总理的康拉德·阿登纳，于 1919 年 5 月 29 日签署了重建该校的特许状。
• Ferdinand Franz Wallraf, the last rector of the old university, preserved its Great Seal when the university was abolished in 1798.老大学的最后一任校长费迪南德·弗朗茨·瓦尔拉夫在 1798 年该校被取缔时保住了校印。
• Josef Kroll, rector in the early 1930s and again from 1945 to 1950, introduced the official name Universität zu Köln.约瑟夫·克罗尔在 1930 年代初以及 1945 至 1950 年间两度任校长，并启用了正式校名「Universität zu Köln」。
• Kurt Alder, who taught at Cologne, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1950.曾在科隆任教的库尔特·阿尔德于 1950 年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
• Max Delbrück, counted among the university's Nobel laureates, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1969 for his research on the genetics of viruses.被列为该校诺贝尔奖得主之一的马克斯·德尔布吕克，因病毒遗传学方面的研究获得 1969 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
• Heinrich Böll, the novelist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1972, studied at the university.1972 年诺贝尔文学奖得主、小说家海因里希·伯尔曾在该校就读。
• Peter Grünberg, who shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007 for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance, is counted among the university's Nobel laureates.因发现巨磁电阻而分享 2007 年诺贝尔物理学奖的彼得·格林贝格被列为该校的诺贝尔奖得主之一。
• Uğur Şahin, co-founder and chief executive of BioNTech, is a graduate of the University of Cologne.BioNTech 联合创始人兼首席执行官乌古尔·沙欣是科隆大学的毕业生。
• Joybrato Mukherjee was elected Rector of the University of Cologne on 10 May 2023.乔伊布拉托·穆克吉于 2023 年 5 月 10 日当选科隆大学校长（Rector）。
• Leading researchers attached to the university include the legal scholars Angelika Nußberger, Thomas von Danwitz and Claus Kreß.受聘于该校的知名研究者包括法学家安格莉卡·努斯贝格尔、托马斯·冯·丹维茨与克劳斯·克雷斯。
• The Schmittmann Wahlen Scholarship for doctoral candidates honours Benedikt Schmittmann (1872-1939), a professor at the University of Cologne.面向博士生的施密特曼奖学金旨在纪念科隆大学教授贝内迪克特·施密特曼（1872-1939）。